Sheet 5

Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

Diagonalization
Exponential matrix

1- Check that the vector v is an eigenvector of the matrix A and find the
corresponding eigenvalue when

1 2  1
A=   and v =  
2 1  1

1 
2- Verify that v= 0 is an eigenvector and -1 is an eigenvalue of A, where
0
2 3 1 
 
A= 0 − 1 2
0 0 3

3- Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the following matrices:

 − 1 2 − 8 − 1  − 1 2
(a)   (b)   (c) 
− 7 8   16 0  0 1

5 − 1 0  0 4 0  2 0 0
(d) 0 − 5 9 (e) − 1 − 4 0 
 (f) 0 3 0
5 − 1 0  0 0 − 2 0 0 4

4- Consider the square matrix A and the vectors v given by

1 7 − 2 1
  
A= 0 s 0  , v1= 1
1 1 4  1

Determine the value of s if v is an eigenvalue of A.

5- Consider the square matrix A and the vectors v1,v2,v3 given by

1 18 30  − 3 − 5 3
A= − 2 − 11 − 10 , v1=  1  ,v2=  0  ,v3= − 1
     
 2 6 5   0   1   1 

Show that v1,v2,v3 are eigenvectors for A and find the corresponding
eigenvalues. Use this to Diagonalize A.

 2 1
6- Diagonalize A =   and hence find A5 and e At .
 − 3 6

7- Consider the square matrix A given by

1 1 − 4
0 t + 2t − 8
A=  
0 − 5 5 

Determine the value of t if A is diagonalizable.

8- For matrix A

 4 2 0
 
A= 2 4 0
0 0 1

a) Find the eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenvectors of matrix A.

b) Find the eigenvalues of At, A-1 and A3.
c) Diagonalize A and then find A8 and e At .

− 1 1 1
9- Compute e At for the nilpotent matrix A = − 1 0 1 .
− 1 1 1

10- decouple the system:

x' = 3 x − 4 y
y' = 5x − 6 y
 − 1 − 1 0
11- Solve X ' =   X subject to X (0) =   .
0 1 1

12- Solve the following homogeneous systems of linear first order differential
equations:

x' = x − y x' = 5 x x' = x − y

(a) (b) (c)
y' = 2 x + 4 y y' = 5x − y y' = 2 x − 2 y

1 0
(d) X ' =  X
0 2 

1 1 3
13- Use the fact that A =  5 2 6  is nilpotent matrix to Solve:

− 2 − 1 − 3

1 1 3

X '=  5 2 6  X
− 2 − 1 − 3
1
Consider that the initial conditions are given by X (0) = 1 .
1

14- Given the following ordinary differential equation:

y ( 3) − 7 y  − 6 y = 0

Convert this equation into homogeneous systems of linear first order

differential equations and then solve the given equation by decoupling
procedure.