BQS601

Learning Outcome

At the end of the topic, students should be able to:

▪ Demonstrate the ability to interpret drawings,

specifications and produce draft bills for surface water
drainage system
▪ Apply principles in measurement for surface water
drainage system
1 WHAT IT IS
 CHANNE
OUTLET L MAIN CHANNEL

SEA RIVER BIGGER CHANNEL

 2 WHAT ARE THE
COMPONENTS
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WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS?

Open drain (Channel)

Close drain (Culvert)

Sump
 OPEN DRAIN
(CHANNEL)
▪ It’s the channel that
carries the water.
▪ It is laid to a gradient to
permit the water to flow
naturally.
▪ Common materials are
half-round semi glazed
ware or precast concrete
block drain (u-shaped or v-
shaped).
 CLOSE DRAIN
(CULVERT)
▪ Similar function as an open
drain, however it is located
under the ground/road
▪ It can either be in a shape of
a pipe or a box (cross
section profile)
▪ Common materials are
reinforced concrete pipe
(RCP) and reinforced
concrete box culvert
 SUMP
▪ It’s a pit that sits where the
drains interchange (ie.
when there is a change in
direction of the drain)
▪ Also act as a collection
point for ease of
maintenance
▪ Can be brick sump,
reinforced concrete sump
or precast concrete sump
3 WHAT TO
MEASURE
 OPEN DRAIN (CHANNEL)
▪ Excavate trenches
▪ Ditto, next to existing
roadway
▪ Rock excavation
▪ Disposal of excavated
material
▪ Disposal of surface water
▪ Filling to excavation
▪ Concrete blinding
▪ Concrete beds
▪ Concrete benching or
haunching
▪ Channels (PC block drain or
Half round clay drain)
▪ Cascades drain
▪ Drain walls (brick walls or
concrete walls or rubble walls)
▪ Plastering to drain walls
▪ Graded filters & weep holes
▪ Concrete top
▪ Drain covers (M.S grating or
PC slab cover)
▪ Concrete struts (in-situ or PC)
 CULVERT
▪ Excavate trenches
▪ Ditto, next to existing
roadway
▪ Rock excavation
▪ Disposal of excavated
material
▪ Disposal of surface
water
▪ Filling to excavation
▪ Hardcore
▪ Concrete blinding
▪ Concrete beds
▪ Pipe culvert or Box culvert
▪ Concrete Surround or
Concrete Haunching
 SUMP
▪ Excavate pit ▪ Plastering to sump
▪ Rock excavation walls
▪ Disposal of surface water ▪ Concrete top
▪ Disposal of excavated ▪ Sump covers (M.S
material grating or PC slab
▪ Filling to excavation cover)
▪ Hardcore ▪ Building in ends of pipe
▪ Concrete blinding -------------
▪ Concrete beds ▪ Connection to existing
or mains
▪ Sump walls (brick walls or
concrete walls) ▪ Testing
4 HOW TO MEASURE
SMM2: SECTION V
 GENERAL INFORMATION

V.1 Information

1. Work beyond the boundary of the site shall be so described and any restriction
regarding access, etc. shall be stated.

2. The nature of the ground in which the excavations are to be made shall be given in
accordance with clause D.1
OPEN DRAIN / CHANNEL
 EXCAVATION OPEN DRAIN / CHANNEL

V.2 Excavation
4. Excavating trenches to receive surface water drains stating the starting level (measured the width of the
foundations of the surface water drains therein) shall be classified as follows:
a. Trenches not exceeding 0.30m in width shall be given in metres stating the average depth to the nearest
0.25m.
b. Trenches exceeding 0.30m in width shall be given in cubic metres in accordance with Section D.

8. Trenches in rock as defined in clause D.12.2 shall be described. Alternatively rock may be given in metres as
extra over the trench in which it occurs.
D.12 Types of excavation
2. Excavation in rock shall be so described. Rock is defined as any material met with in excavation which is of such
size or position that it can be removed only by means of wedges, levers, special plant (power operated hammers,
drills and chisels, special attachment to mechanical plant such as rock buckets, rippers, hammers, chisels)
explosives or chemicals. Alternatively rock may be given as extra over each of the various types of excavation.
 EXCAVATION (cont’d) OPEN DRAIN / CHANNEL
V.3 Disposal of water
Disposal of water shall be given in accordance with clauses D.15 -16.
D.15 Surface water
An item shall be given for keeping the surface of the site and the excavations free of surface water.

D.18 Disposal on site

Excavated materials to be deposited on site in permanent spoil heaps or spread on site shall each be given in
cubic metres stating any requirements for the location of such deposits or the average distance from the
excavation in metres or kilometres.

D.19 Disposal off site

Excavated materials to be removed from the site shall be given in cubic metres and so described and the
provision of a shoot, dump or tip including payment for royalties, fees, levies and other charges shall be deemed
to be included with the items unless otherwise stated.

D.25 Filling to excavations

Filling to excavations other than to service trenches (D. 12.9) shall be given in cubic metres.
 OPEN DRAIN / CHANNEL

CONCRETE BLINDING / BED / BENCHINGS

V.4 Beds, benching and coverings

1. Beds, benchings and coverings shall each be given separately in metres stating:

a. Nominal size of the pipe to be laid.

b. Widths and thickness of the beds, benchings, haunching, surrounds and the like.
c. Materials from which the beds, benchings, haunching, surrounds and the like are to be constructed.
Any formwork required shall be deemed to be included.
 OPEN DRAIN / CHANNEL
DRAIN

V.5 Pipework and surface water channels

1. Pipes (measured over all pipe fittings) shall each be given in metres stating the kind and quality of pipe,
the nominal size and the method of jointing. Any pipes not laid in bottom of the trench (e.g. found in a
multipurpose trench) shall be given separately and the depth stated in accordance with the depth-range
stages as clause V.2.1.
V.2 Excavation
1. Excavating pipe trenches shall be given in metres stating the starting level, the depth range in increments
of 2.00m and the average depth within the depth-range to the nearest 0.25m.

6. Excavation below ground water level shall be given as extra over the trench in which it occurs and any
adjustment to earthwork support shall be deemed to be included.

7. Trenches next to roadway, next to existing buildings or in unstable ground shall each be so described.
 WALL – refer appropriate section
OPEN DRAIN / CHANNEL
BRICKWORK
G.3 Generally
1. Particulars of the following shall be given:
a. Kind, quality and size of bricks. Purpose-made bricks shall be so described.
b. Type of bond.
c. Composition and mix of mortar.
3. Brickwork in each of the following classes shall be given separately in square metres stating the thickness:
a. Walls.

RUBBLE WORK
J.36 Generally
2. Particulars of the following shall be given:
e Composition and mix of mortar for bedding, jointing and pointing
J.37 Walls, piers and chimney-stacks
1. Rubble work in each of the following classes shall be given separately in square metres stating the thickness:
d. Battering walls defined as walls of uniform thickness built battering.
 PLASTERING
OPEN DRAIN / CHANNEL
BRICKWORK
G.3 Generally
1. Particulars of the following shall be given:
a. Kind, quality and size of bricks. Purpose-made bricks shall be so described.
b. Type of bond.
c. Composition and mix of mortar.
3. Brickwork in each of the following classes shall be given separately in square metres stating the thickness:
a. Walls.

RUBBLE WORK
J.36 Generally
2. Particulars of the following shall be given:
e Composition and mix of mortar for bedding, jointing and pointing
J.37 Walls, piers and chimney-stacks
1. Rubble work in each of the following classes shall be given separately in square metres stating the thickness:
d. Battering walls defined as walls of uniform thickness built battering.
CULVERT
 EXCAVATION
CULVERT

V.2 Excavation
4. Excavating trenches to receive surface water drains stating the starting level (measured the width of the
foundations of the surface water drains therein) shall be classified as follows:
a. Trenches not exceeding 0.30m in width shall be given in metres stating the average depth to the nearest
0.25m.
b. Trenches exceeding 0.30m in width shall be given in cubic metres in accordance with Section D.

8. Trenches in rock as defined in clause D.12.2 shall be described. Alternatively rock may be given in metres as
extra over the trench in which it occurs.
D.12 Types of excavation
2. Excavation in rock shall be so described. Rock is defined as any material met with in excavation which is of such
size or position that it can be removed only by means of wedges, levers, special plant (power operated hammers,
drills and chisels, special attachment to mechanical plant such as rock buckets, rippers, hammers, chisels)
explosives or chemicals. Alternatively rock may be given as extra over each of the various types of excavation.
 CULVERT
EXCAVATION (cont’d)

V.3 Disposal of water

Disposal of water shall be given in accordance with clauses D.15 -16.
D.15 Surface water
An item shall be given for keeping the surface of the site and the excavations free of surface water.

D.18 Disposal on site

Excavated materials to be deposited on site in permanent spoil heaps or spread on site shall each be given in
cubic metres stating any requirements for the location of such deposits or the average distance from the
excavation in metres or kilometres.

D.19 Disposal off site

Excavated materials to be removed from the site shall be given in cubic metres and so described and the
provision of a shoot, dump or tip including payment for royalties, fees, levies and other charges shall be deemed
to be included with the items unless otherwise stated.
 CULVERT
EXCAVATION (cont’d)

D.25 Filling to excavations

Filling to excavations other than to service trenches (D. 12.9) shall be given in cubic metres.

D.26 Filling to make up levels

Filling to make up levels over 250mm thick shall be given in cubic metres. Such filling not exceeding
250mm thick shall be given in square metres stating the average thickness.
 CULVERT

CONCRETE BLINDING / CONCRETE SURROUNDS

V.4 Beds, benching and coverings

1. Beds, benchings and coverings shall each be given separately in metres stating:

a. Nominal size of the pipe to be laid.

b. Widths and thickness of the beds, benchings, haunching, surrounds and the like.
c. Materials from which the beds, benchings, haunching, surrounds and the like are to be constructed.
Any formwork required shall be deemed to be included.
 CULVERT
PIPES
V.5 Pipe work and surface water channels
1. Pipes (measured over all pipe fittings) shall each be given in metres stating the kind and quality of pipe,
the nominal size and the method of jointing. Any pipes not laid in bottom of the trench (e.g. found in a
multipurpose trench) shall be given separately and the depth stated in accordance with the depth-range
stages as clause V.2.1.
V.2 Excavation
1. Excavating pipe trenches shall be given in metres stating the starting level, the depth range in increments
of 2.00m and the average depth within the depth-range to the nearest 0.25m.

6. Excavation below ground water level shall be given as extra over the trench in which it occurs and any
adjustment to earthwork support shall be deemed to be included.

7. Trenches next to roadway, next to existing buildings or in unstable ground shall each be so described.
SUMP
 SUMP
V.6 Generally
1. Sumps, manholes, soak ways and the like shall each be grouped together and given in detail under an
appropriate heading stating the number.
3. Excavation, concrete work, brickwork and other work shall be given in accordance with the appropriate
sections
5. Channels, concrete benchings, step-irons, covers and intercepting traps shall each be enumerated separately
stating the type~ the quality, the size and the method of bedding or fixing.

4. Building in ends of pipes shall be enumerated stating the nominal size of the pipe. Cutting pipe shall be
deemed to be included.

Connections to mains
V.7 Generally
1. Connecting ends of drains to mains, making good public highways and other work which may only be
carried out by a Public Undertaking or Local Authority shall be given as a provisional sum.
2. Connections to existing work shall each be enumerated stating the size of pipe or drain and the type of
structure. Cutting openings, making good, jointing, etc. shall be deemed to be included with the term.
5 SAMPLE BILL
ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT QUANTITY RATE AMOUNT (RM)

SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE (ALL PROVISIONAL

450mm Precast Concrete Block Drain

A Excavating trenches to receive surface water drains commencing m3

from formation level, maximum depth not exceeding 2.00m.

B Extra over for excavation trenches in rock m3

C Extra over for excavation pockets for graded filter No

D Allow for keeping the surface of the site and the excavations free of Item
surface water

E Disposal of excavated material on site 20m away from excavation m3

F Filling to excavation at both sides of drain wall with imported m3

compacted granular material
ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT QUANTITY RATE AMOUNT (RM)

SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE (ALL PROVISIONAL) (cont’d)

450mm Precast Concrete Block Drain (Cont’d)

A 1450mm Wide x 50mm thick lean concrete Grade 15 as described m3

blinding bed, spread and levelled to receive concrete bed (measured
separately)

B 1450mm Wide x 150mm thick vibrated reinforced concrete bed of m

concrete mix (1:2:4) complete with one layer BRC A8 (A252) or
approved equivalent, to receive concrete benching and 450mm
precast concrete block drain (measured separately)

C 600mm Wide (overall) x 550mm thick mass concrete benching of m

concrete mix (1:3:6) laid on concrete bed to receive 450mm precast
concrete block drain (measured separately)

D 450mm x 450mm x 100mm Thick precast concrete block drain m

(measured flat on plan), complete with BMC type A10 (A393),
finished fair on exposed surfaces, bedded, jointed and pointed in
cement mortar (1:3) laid to falls on concrete benching

E 225mm Thick brick wall in common bricks laid in stretcher bond m2

jointed and pointed in cement and sand mortar (1:3) including brick
reinforcement (if any)
ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT QUANTITY RATE AMOUNT (RM)

SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE (ALL PROVISIONAL) (cont’d)

450mm Precast Concrete Block Drain (Cont’d)

A 25mm Thick cement and sand (1:3) mixed with an approved m2

plasticiser rendered as plaster using steel trowel on all exposed
surfaces of drain wall
B 25mm Diameter crusher run surround wrapped up in filter membrane No
'Terram 1000' or approved equivalent as graded filter

C 75mm Diameter x 300mm long PVC weep hole build to slope into No
brick wall at 3000mm centres

D 800mm x 125mm x 125mm Thick precast concrete struts laid No

between drain walls at 3000mm centres

750mm x 750mm Precast Reinforced Concrete Box Culvert

E Excavating trenches to receive box culvert commencing from m3

formation level, maximum depth not exceeding 2.00m

F Extra over for excavation trenches in rock m3

ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT QUANTITY RATE AMOUNT (RM)

SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE (ALL PROVISIONAL) (cont’d)

750mm x 750mm Precast Reinforced Concrete Box Culvert (Cont’d)

A Extra over for excavation pockets for graded filter No

B Allow for keeping the surface of the site and the excavations free of Item
surface water

C Disposal of excavated material on site, 30m away from the excavation. m3

D 750mm Wide x 200mm thick compacted crusher run as described m

bedding, spread and levelled to receive box culvert (measured separately)

E 300mm Wide SF32 Geotextile membrane laid on external surfaces of m2

sides and bottom of box culvert at jointing

F 750mm x 750mm x 75mm Thick precast reinforced concrete box culvert m

finished fair on internal surfaces complete with 50mm Diameter weephole
at both sides of culvert wall, including approved grouting and jointing with
cement and sand mortar (1:3) laid to falls on crusher run bedding
(measured flat on plan
ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT QUANTITY RATE AMOUNT (RM)

SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE (ALL PROVISIONAL) (cont’d)

750mm x 750mm Precast Reinforced Concrete Box Culvert (Cont’d)

A Approved graded filter of aggregate size 50mm - 100mm wrapped up in No

geofabric filter or approved equivalent

B 750mm x 135mm Thick precast concrete slab cover laid on top of box m
culvert

Brick Sumps.

The following in 2 nos. of brick sump as specified:

C Excavate pit to receive brick sumps commencing from reduced level, m3

maximum depth not exceeding 2.00m

D Extra over for excavation pit in rock m3

E Allow for keeping the surface of the site and the excavations free of Item
surface water

F Disposal of excavated material on site 30m away from the excavation m3

ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT QUANTITY RATE AMOUNT (RM)

SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE (ALL PROVISIONAL) (cont’d)

Brick Sumps.(Cont’d)

The following in 2 nos. of brick sump as specified: (cont’d)

A Filling to excavation around sump walls with material arising from m3

excavation

B Lean concrete Grade 15 thickness not exceeding 100mm, as described m3

blinding bed, spread and levelled to receive sump bed

C Vibrated reinforced concrete foundation of concrete mix (1:3:6) thickness m3

exceeding 150mm but not exceeding 300mm as sump bed
D One layer of BRC A8 fabric reinforcement or approved equivalent well m2
lapped at joints and laid in sump be

E Formwork to edges of sump bed, not exceeding 250mm high m

F 225mm thick brick wall in common bricks laid in stretcher bond jointed and m2
pointed in cement and sand mortar (1:3) including brick reinforcement
G Insitu concrete mix (1:2:4) thickness 100mm-150mm, as concrete top laid m3
on brick wall
ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT QUANTITY RATE AMOUNT (RM)

SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE (ALL PROVISIONAL) (cont’d)

Brick Sumps.(Cont’d)

The following in 2 nos. of brick sump as specified: (cont’d)

A One layer of BRC A6 fabric reinforcement or approved equivalent well m2

lapped at joints and laid in concrete top

B Formwork to sides of concrete top, not exceeding 250mm high m

C 25mm Thick cement and sand (1:3) mixed with an approved plasticiser m2
rendered as plaster using steel trowel on all exposed surfaces of sump
wall
D 20mm Thick cement and sand (1:3) mixed with approved plasticiser m2
rendered to all exposed surfaces of sump bed

E Supply and install 900mm x 900mm mild steel grating comprising of 6mm No
x 50mm mild steel flat welded with 6mm fillet to 12mm x 50mm mild steel
flat and 75mm x 50mm x 6mm angle at 40mm centres on all frame
vertically and horizontally including painting

(End of 2 nos. of brick sump)

ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT QUANTITY RATE AMOUNT (RM)

SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE (ALL PROVISIONAL) (cont’d)

A Allow for connections to existing 450mm precast concrete surface water No

drains with brick wall sides, including all necessary works

B On completion allow testing to all surface water drainage for water Item
tightness, make good any defects and leave everything in perfect working
order to the entire satisfaction of the S.O