Republic of the Philippines

MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE

SCHOOL OF GOVERNANCE
Tanza, Boac, Marinduque

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION

Re - Accredited Level II by the Accrediting Agency for Chartered Colleges Universities in the Philippines
(AACCUP), Inc.

CHAPTER 1

SECURITY AND SECURITY MANAGEMENT

This chapter provides as the elementary concepts of security and security

management. It presents the general overview of security. A definition of security
management is also given to make us understand the groundwork of the
administrative processes or procedures in the operational environment of security
as applies in the Philippine setting.

What is security?

Security, in a collective sense, is the same as protection and safety; the

state of being safe and the condition of being protected against physical, social,
spiritual, financial, political, emotional, occupational, psychological or other
types or consequences of failure, damage, error, accidents, harm or any other
event which could be considered not desirable.

Security is also freedom form hear, harm, danger, loss, destruction or

damages.

Basically, it is the action of man against man that led to many unsecured
and unsafe conditions. Reasons could be economic, revenge, or just plain greed
and avarice. Whatever the motives, the civilized man needs adequate
protection.

What are the fields of security?

The following are the fields of security classified according to each sphere
or subject:

1. IT Fields

• Computing Security – is a branch of information security applied to

both theoretical and actual computer systems. Compute security is
a branch of computer science that addresses enforcement of
‘secure’ behavior on the operation of computers. The definition of
secure varies by application, and is typically defined implicitly or
explicitly by a security policy that addresses confidentiality, integrity
and availability of electronic information that is processed by or
stored on computer systems.

• Data security – is the means of ensuring that data is kept safe from
corruption and that access to it is suitably controlled. Thus data
security helps to ensure privacy. It also helps in protecting personal
data.

• Application security – encompasses measures taken to prevent

exceptions in the security policy of an application or the underlying

School Goals: Produce graduates who are professionally equipped, morally upright and committed life-long learners; who can
deliver effective and ethical public service driven by socio-political and legal researches and supports world decision-making; who
can respond to the challenges of the contemporary society and complements the need for transformative knowledge and actions
across the fields of administrative, law enforcement, political affairs and other multi-disciplinary fields of governance.
 Republic of the Philippines
MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE
SCHOOL OF GOVERNANCE
Tanza, Boac, Marinduque

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION

Re - Accredited Level II by the Accrediting Agency for Chartered Colleges Universities in the Philippines
(AACCUP), Inc.

system (vulnerabilities) thorough flaws in the design, development, or

deployment of the application.

• Information security – means protecting information systems from

unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or
destruction. The terms information security and information
assurance are frequently used interchangeably. These fields are
interrelated and share the common goals of protecting the
information; however, there are some subtle primarily in the
approach to the subject, the concentration. Information security is
concerned with the confidentiality, integrity and availability of data
regardless of the form the data may take: electronic, print, or other
forms.

• Network security – consists of the provisions made in an underlying

computer network infrastructure, policies adopted by the network
administrator to protect the network and the network-accessible
resources from unauthorized access and the effectiveness (or lack)
of these measures combined together.

2. Physical Field

• Physical security – describes measures that prevent or deter

attackers from accessing a facility, resource, or information stored on
physical media. It can be as simple as a locked door or as elaborate
as multiple layers of armed guard posts.

• Shopping Center Security (Mall or Supermarket) – a type of security

which is concern with the protection of the stores, warehouses,
storage, its immediate premises and properties as well as the
supermarket personnel and costumers. Security personnel are
trained to detect “shoplifter”, robbery, and bomb detection and
costumer relation.

• Airport security – refers to the techniques and methods used in

protecting airports and by extension aircraft from crime and
terrorism.

• Home security – are those methods use of protecting residential

homes or town sites which include the interior protection of houses
against property losses or damage.

3. Political Field

• International security – consists of the measures taken by nations and

international organizations, such as the United Nations, to ensure
mutual survival and safety. These measures include military action

School Goals: Produce graduates who are professionally equipped, morally upright and committed life-long learners; who can
deliver effective and ethical public service driven by socio-political and legal researches and supports world decision-making; who
can respond to the challenges of the contemporary society and complements the need for transformative knowledge and actions
across the fields of administrative, law enforcement, political affairs and other multi-disciplinary fields of governance.
 Republic of the Philippines
MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE
SCHOOL OF GOVERNANCE
Tanza, Boac, Marinduque

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION

Re - Accredited Level II by the Accrediting Agency for Chartered Colleges Universities in the Philippines
(AACCUP), Inc.

and diplomatic agreements such as treaties and conventions.

International security are invariably linked.
• National security – refers to the requirement to maintain the survival
of the nation state through the use of economic, military and political
power and the exercise of diplomacy.

• Human security – refers to an emerging paradigm for understanding

global vulnerabilities whose proponents challenge the traditional
notion of national security by arguing that the proper referent for
security should be the individual rather than the state. Human
security holds that a people-centered view of security is necessary
for national, regional and global stability.

4. Monetary Field

• Financial security – refers to the methods applied for the protection

of fungible, negotiable instrument representing financial value. It
broadly categorized into debt securities, such as banknotes, bonds
and debentures, and equity securities, etc.

What are the security concepts common among the fields of security?

Certain concepts recur throughout the different fields of security are as

follows:

1. Risk – a risk is a possible event which could cause a loss

2. Threat – a threat is a method of triggering a risk event that is dangerous
3. Vulnerability – a weakness in a target that can potentially be exploited by
a threat
4. Exploit – a vulnerability that has been triggered by a threat – a risk of 1.0
(100%)
5. Countermeasure – a countermeasure is a way to stop a threat from
triggering a risk event
6. Defense in depth – never rely on one single security measure alone
7. Assurance – assurance is the level of guarantee that a security system will
behave as expected

Activity No 1.

1. During this time of pandemic, identify and explain fields of security you
have observed that are commonly exploit by criminal/s.
2. Research what are the principal divisions of security?

School Goals: Produce graduates who are professionally equipped, morally upright and committed life-long learners; who can
deliver effective and ethical public service driven by socio-political and legal researches and supports world decision-making; who
can respond to the challenges of the contemporary society and complements the need for transformative knowledge and actions
across the fields of administrative, law enforcement, political affairs and other multi-disciplinary fields of governance.
 Republic of the Philippines
MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE
SCHOOL OF GOVERNANCE
Tanza, Boac, Marinduque

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION

Re - Accredited Level II by the Accrediting Agency for Chartered Colleges Universities in the Philippines
(AACCUP), Inc.

What are other types of security?

1. Industrial security – a type of security applied to business groups engaged

in industries like manufacturing, assembling, research and development,
processing, warehousing and even agriculture.
2. Hotel security – a type of security applied to hotels where its properties are
protected from pilferage, loss, damage and the function in the hotel
restaurants are not disturbed and troubled by outsiders or the guest
themselves. This type of security employs house detectives, uniforms guard
and supervisor and ensures that hotel guests and their personal effects are
safeguarded.
3. Bank security – this type of security is concern with bank operations. Its main
objective is the protection of bank cash and assets, its personnel and
clientele. Security personnel are trained to safeguard bank and assets while
in storage, in transit and during transactions.
4. VIP security – a type of security applied for the protection of top-ranking
officials in the government or private entity, visiting persons of illustrious
standing and foreign dignitaries.
5. School security – a type of security that is concerned with the protection of
students, faculty members, and school properties. Security personnel are
trained to protect the school property for theft, vandals, handling campus
riots and detecting the use of intoxicated drugs and alcohol by the
students.

What are the principal divisions of security?

1. Personnel security – this is important as physical security. Personnel security

starts even before the hiring of an employee and remains to be maintained
for as long as the person is employed. Its purpose is to insure that a firm hires
those best suited to assist the firm in achieving its goals and objectives and
once hired assist in providing necessary security to the work force while
carrying out their functions.
2. Physical security – this concern with the physical measures adopted to
prevent unauthorized access to equipment, facilities, material and
document and to safeguard them against espionage, sabotage, damage,
loss and theft.
3. Document and Information security – this involves the protection of
documents and classified papers from loss, access by unauthorized
persons, damage, theft and compromise through disclosure. Classified
documents need special handling. Lack of indoctrination and orientation
among the personal handling them can result in the leakage, loss, theft and
unauthorized disclosure of the documents.

What is security management?

In one sense, security management is the proper utilization of resources in

a security organization in order to meet the organizational goals and objective
and to ensure their achievements. In other sense, it is a broad field of
management related to asset management, physical security and human

School Goals: Produce graduates who are professionally equipped, morally upright and committed life-long learners; who can
deliver effective and ethical public service driven by socio-political and legal researches and supports world decision-making; who
can respond to the challenges of the contemporary society and complements the need for transformative knowledge and actions
across the fields of administrative, law enforcement, political affairs and other multi-disciplinary fields of governance.
 Republic of the Philippines
MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE
SCHOOL OF GOVERNANCE
Tanza, Boac, Marinduque

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION

Re - Accredited Level II by the Accrediting Agency for Chartered Colleges Universities in the Philippines
(AACCUP), Inc.

resource safety functions. It entails the identification of an organization’s

information assets and the development, documentation and implementation of
policies, standards, procedures and guidelines.

Management tools such as information classification, risk assessment and

risk analysis are used to identify threats, classify assets to rate systems vulnerabilities
so that effective control can be implemented.

School Goals: Produce graduates who are professionally equipped, morally upright and committed life-long learners; who can
deliver effective and ethical public service driven by socio-political and legal researches and supports world decision-making; who
can respond to the challenges of the contemporary society and complements the need for transformative knowledge and actions
across the fields of administrative, law enforcement, political affairs and other multi-disciplinary fields of governance.