LEARNING MODULE: GEC01- The Life and Works of Jose Rizal

Prelims
SLSU Polillo Campus
Rodrigo F. Dacillo
Instructor

WEEK 1-2

TOPIC: Introduction to the course: Republic Act 1425

What I Need to Know

At the end of this topic you should be able to…

 Explain the history of the Rizal Law and its important provisions
 Critically assess the effectiveness of the Rizal course

Methodology: Reading the attached photo copy text of RA 1425, analysis of the republic act.

What’s In

TASK 1. Direction: After reading the text of RA 1425, answer the questions below.

1.Compare and contrast the views of those in favor and against RA 1425, considering the context
of the 1950’s; Would similar arguments still have force today?

2. Reflect on your secondary education: Did your school comply with RA 1425? How effective
is the Rizal law in stilling patriotism among secondary school students?

3. Think of a recent novel/story that you’ve read. How did you learn from that story? Apply this
experience to Rizal’s writings. How would reading Rizal’s novels impact patriotism?

WEEK 3-4

TOPIC: 19th century Philippines as Rizal’s context

What I Need to Know

At the end of this topic you should be able to…

 Appraise the link between the individual and society
 Analyze the various social, political, economic, and cultural changes that occurred in the
19th century
 Understand Jose Rizal in the context of his time

Discussion:

THE CHALLENGES AND RESPONSES OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

 The meaning and importance of a man’s task can be understood and appreciated when
viewed within a time frame and its proper historical context.
To better understand and appreciate the role of Jose Rizal in the making of a Filipino nation,
one has to know the development in the century when he lived, the period when he worked.

NINETEEN CENTURY
 Era of challenges and responses
 A period of major changes which affected men and society

6 IMPORTANT CHANGES IN THE 19TH CENTURY

1. Struggle for nationalism

2. Gradual spread of democracy
3. Modernization of living through the Industrial Revolution
4. Advance of Science
5. March of imperialism
6. New Current in the movement of thought and growing confidence on progress

NATIONS STRUGGLE FOR NATIONALISM

Nationalism: A feeling of oneness by a group of people who believe that they possess common
traditions, culture and common ideals or goals.

French Revolution (1779-1789): Overthrowing of absolutism

American Revolution (1775-1783): Independence from Great Britain

HOW TO RUN THE GOVERNMENT

 Conservative : In the “good old days” when monarchs and kings ruled over the subjects
VS.

 Liberal: Country should be free from domination and that a country should enjoy
liberty, equality and opportunity

Greece became independent nation from the Turks on 1830

Norwegians won their freedom from Swedes in 1905

Italy became a free and united nation through the work of Camillo Cavour, Joseph Mazzini and
Joseph Garibaldi in 1861
The Italians under the leadership of Count Cavour and of Garibaldi and his Army of “Red Shirts”
drove out the Austrians and French armies from Italy and proclaimed the Kingdom of Italy under
King Victor Emmanuel, with Rome as capital city.

Germany was united led by Iron Chancellor Otto von Bismarck who adopted the policy of
“blood and iron” in 1871
The Prussians led by Otto von Bismarck, the “Iron Chancellor”, defeated France in the Franco-
Prussian War and established the German Empire on January 18, 1871, with King Wilhelm of
Prussia as first Kaiser of the German Empire.
Simon Bolivar: “The Liberator” (Venezuela, Colombia, Bolivia and part of Peru)
Jose San Martin: “The Liberator” (Argentina, Chile, and part of Peru)

EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ARE MULTIFARIOUS

Series of changes in the industry:

a. From hand work to machine work
b. Domestic system to the factory system

Began In England in 1760

Manufacturing Transportation Communication
 Spinning jenny Steam boats Telephone
 Spinning frame Steam locomotives Telegraph
 Spinning shuttle Airplanes Wireless telegraphy
 Cotton gin Automobiles Cable
 Sewing machine Balloons Postal service
-Establishment of factories
-Employment of thousands of workers
-Large scale production of manufacturing goods
-Commodities became cheaper
-Towns and cities grew
-Improved standard of living
-Division of labor practiced (capitalists and laborers)
-Increase in population
-Advances in medical knowledge and public hygiene
-Opening of more lands for cultivation and commercialization
-Increase in national income
-Encouraged migration

RESPONSES TO THE GROWING SOCIAL PROBLEMS CREATED BY THE

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

LIBERALS

 Adopted the laissez-faire policy to stimulate the growth of factories

 Allow everybody to expand as much as he wished in his individual enterprises
 Industrialist became powerful and rich
 Working men became poorer
 Unemployment and misery resulted

SOCIALIST
 Government should own and manage the means of production
 Benefit of all and not only for a few individuals
 As long as the capitalist controlled the economic life of the people, no democracy
 Claude Henri, Francois Fourier and Robert Owen
COMMUNISTS
 Authored Communist Manifesto
  Earliest socialists that reforms could be achieved gradually and peacefully through
normal political methods and with compensation for the private owners
 Only a violent revolution could improve the lot of workingmen
 Advocated
-abolition of private property in land
-centralization of all means of production in the hands of the state
-abolition of all rights of inheritance
- confiscation of the property of emigrants and rebels
-universal and equal obligation of work

CATHOLICISM
- Pope Leo XIII in Reform Novarum(The Conditions of Labor)
 Rights must be religiously respected
 Duty of public authority to prevent and punish injury
 Poor and helpless have special consideration upon questioning its rights
 State has the right to regulate the use of private property and to protect it
 Workers have the right to form unions

SCIENCE BECOMES THE SERVANT OF MAN

- Soul of the 19th century

MODERN IMPERIALISM STARTS A PROCESS OF HISTORICAL CHANGE

- Activity of a nation in extending its control and authority beyond its territorial boundaries
through the acquisition of new territories
- Purpose of securing real materials, markets for manufactured products, additional food
supplies, outlets for surplus population and fields for investment of surplus capital

GROWING COMFIDENCE ON PROGRESS INSPIRES OPTIMISM

Man made considerable progress in various fields
- Democracy
- Education
- Science
- Public health
- Literature
- Music
- Art

THE PHILIPPINES OF RIZAL’S TIME

During the time of Rizal, the doomy shadows of Spain’s decline started to be felt in the country.
The Filipino people tormented beneath the yoke of Spanish misrule, for they were victims of the
evil of an unjust, intolerant, and deteriorating colonial power. Among these were as follows:
 Instability of colonial administration
 Corrupt officialdom
 No representation in the Spanish Cortes
 Human rights denied to Filipinos
 No equality before the law
 Maladministration of justice
 Racial discrimination
 Frailocracy
  Forced labor
 Haciendas owned by the friars
 The Guardia Civil

WHAT’s In

TASK 1. Direction: Answer the following question base on what you have read about our topic.

1. What is/are the significant event/s happened in 19th century which brought changes in people’s
point of view? Why?

2. In your own point of view or idea, what is/are the good/best response/s people or group of
people in the growing social problem/s created by the Industrial Revolution? Why is that so?

3. What shape in the mind of the people in 19 th century for them to embrace the idea of being
nationalistic?

4. What is your understanding of the concept IMPERIALISM?

5. 19th Century was the birth of Modern Imperialism, why was it so? Cite some reason/s.

WHAT’S MORE

TASK 2. Discuss the following questions below.

1. In that picture of the world in 19 th century where Jose Rizal was born, do you think this events
have influence the mind set of our hero? Why?

2. Do you think the Philippines will remain under Spain if they enter upon the life of law and
civilization? Why?

WEEK 5

TOPIC: Rizal’s Life

 Family, Childhood and Early Education
 Higher Education and Life Abroad
 Exile, Trial, and Death

What I Need to Know:

At the end of this topic you should be able to…
 Analyze Rizal’s family, childhood and early education
 Evaluate the people and events and their influence on Rizal’s early life
 Explain the principle of assimilation advocated by the Propaganda Movement
 Appraise Rizal’s relationship with other Propagandists
 Analyze Rizal’s growth as a Propagandist and disavowal of assimilation
 Analyze the factors that led to Rizal’s execution
 Analyze the effects of Rizal’s execution on Spanish colonial rule and the Philippine
Revolution
Methodology: A photo copy manuscript about this particular topic for them to read. This will be
downloaded in Google classroom platform.

What’s In.

TASK 1.
1. Create a timeline of Rizal’s Childhood and Early Education
2. Make a short reflection about Rizal’s educational background. Include in your reflection,
the most important event/s that shape the mind set of our hero.
3. What was the dilemma/s (problem/s) encountered by Rizal when he was studying abroad
Why? What measures Rizal did to survived with these experiences of him.
4. What was the aim/goal of the Propaganda Movement? What was Rizal’s involvement in
this movement?
5. When was Rizal started to write his two novels? What problem/s did he encountered in
writing those famous novels?
6. Cite the factors that led to Rizal’s execution. Do you think it was justifiable to receive our
that cruel some punishment? Why? and Why not?
7. What are the contributions of Rizal in the community of Dapitan during his exile in that
place?
8. What were the important event happened in Rizal’s life in his exile in Dapitan?
9. What effects of Rizal’s execution, his martyrdom on Spanish colonial rule in our country
10. Do you think, that particular event (Rizal’s execution), the sole reason of uprising of the
Filipino against the colonial rule of Spain in our country? Why? Why not?

WEEK- 5 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

References:

De Viana, Augusto V. The PHILIPPINES A Story of a Nation. REX Book Store. Manila.
2012.
Halili, Maria Christine N. 2nd.Ed. PHILIPPINE HISTORY. REX Book Store. Manila.
2011.
Zaide, Sonia M. The Philippines: A Unique Nation. All-Nations Publishing Co.,Inc.
Manila. 1994.
Zaide, Gregorio F. and Zaide, Sonia M.2 nd Ed. JOSE RIZAL: Life, Works and Writings
of a Genius, Writer, Scientist and National Hero. Quezon City: All-Nations Publishing Co.,Inc.
1999.
WIKIPEDIA