Valve

EPF 4801
 What are the purposes of valve?

How does valve work?

Things to What are the selection criteria of a valve?

ponder
What are important terminologies?

How to size a control valve?

 • Basic valve type and operation
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W5gC-y7aEO8
• Types of valves (I don’t like the audio, but the video is easy
to understand)
• hhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BeHxGJYNyy0
• Mechanism of different valves (good animation)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X14nww4wuAk

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.

Control valve
• Valve selection
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oq6SI9rNsV
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• Calculation for pressure drop
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CNTs3xH_W
Hw
• Sizing a control valve
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ldLkbV3W7P
k&list=RDCMUCeeaILbj7WNXOxF0bbu2HCQ&inde
x=3
• Calculation for CV
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qWjXMlVO-
30 This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.
 VALVE: 3 ACTIONS

• BLOCK FLOW
• THROTTLE FLOW
• PREVENT FLOW REVERSAL

SUMMARY TYPES

• GLOBE
• CHECK
• BALL
VALVE SELECTION
• IDENTIFY DESIGN INFO SUCH AS VALVE FUNCTION, FLOW PARAMETERS,
ETC
• IDENTIFY POTENTIALLY VALVE TYPE
• DETERMINE VALVE REQ
• IDENTIFY DESIGN REQUIREMENT (C0NNECTED PIPE AND EQUIPMENTS)

• https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/valve-selection-guide-d_35.html
CONTROL VALVE SIZING
the control valve pressure drop should be taken as at least 30% of
the total dynamic pressure drop through the system, with a
minimum value of 100 kPa (14 psi).
A good rule of thumb in the early stages of process design is to
allow 140 kPa (20 psi) pressure drop for each control valve if the
pressure drop in the process equipment is not yet known.
The detailed methods can be done using computer, and can account
for choked flow, compressible flow, laminar flow, flashingliquids, and
cavitation.
For non choked
turbuluent
flow,
compressible
liquid

• The value of the constant N depends on the units used. If the volumetric flow rate is given in
gallons
per minute and the pressure drop in pounds per square inch, then N = 1; so the valve coefficient
can be interpreted as the flow rate of water in gpm that will flow through the valve with 1 psi
pressure drop at 15 ºC (59 ºF). If the flow rate is given in m3/h and the pressure drop in bar, then
N = 0.865.
TIPS
• CV flow rate > normal flow rate
• A simple method is to calculate Cv based on the normal flow rate and
thenselect a valve that has twice this value of Cv, so that in normal
operation the valve will be roughly 50% open.
• Another popular method is to calculate Cv based on a maximum flow
rate 30% above the normal stream flow rate, then divide the result by
0.7 and pick the valve with the next largestCv. This gives a valve with
Cv equal to 1.85 times the value calculated for normal flow, which
innormal operation will be about 54% open.
• Rangeability: The ratio between the maximum and minimum
controllable flow rates Depends by the actuator and positioner as
well as the valve design. Typically varies between about 20 and 50.
• Turndown: The ratio of the normal maximum flow to the minimum
controllable flow is usually is about 70% of the rangeability.
• When high rangeability is required, two control valves of different
sizes with slightly overlapping operating ranges can be used in
parallel.
• This is known as a split-range arrangement. Control valve
characteristics and rangeability are discussed in more detail in the ISA
S75.11 standard.
Exercises