THERMODYNAMICS LAB REPORT

SUBJECT: WORKING OF FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGINE

SUBMITTED TO: DR M.M.A BHUTTA

SUBMITTED BY: MUHAMMAD ABUBAKAR SHAHZAD

REGD.NO: 2020-ME-121

SECTION: C

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ENGINE:
A device which converts given input into a specific output is called is an engine.

MECHANICAL ENGINE:
A mechanical engine is one which converts a given input into a mechanical output these are of two
type i.e.: reciprocatry or rotary.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE:

The engine in which heat is produced within its physical boundaries is an internal combustion
engine.

TOP DEAD CENTRE (TDC):

Top dead centre is the position of the piston in internal combustion engine when it is top of the
stroke.

BOTTOM DEAD CENTRE (BDC):

Bottom dead centre is the position of the internal combustion engine when piston is at the bottom
of the stroke.

PARTS OF FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGINE

 PISTON CYLINDER:
A piston cylinder is a thermodynamics working system in which piston moves to and fro in
the cylindrical chamber. Its main purpose is to compress the fluid in the cylinder.

 CRANKSHAFT:
The crankshaft is the moving part of internal engine that converts the linear motion of
piston into rotational motion.

 VALVES:
In engine intake and exhaust valves are used to control the admission of gases and fuel in
the cylinders.
 Figure 1: Crankshaft

FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGINE

A four stroke engine consists of four stroke, to complete one cycle to rotate the shaft twice. These
four strokes are explained as under:

 INTAKE STROKE:
In intake port the intake valve is opened and the air is entered in the cylinder. For this the
piston moves from the top dead centre of cylinder to bottom dead centre of cylinder
increasing the volume for intake of air. The air is forced in by atmospheric pressure.

 COMPRESSION STROKE:
In compression stroke the piston moves back to top dead centre compressing the air. During
this the intake and exhaust valve both remains close.

 POWER STROKE:
In power stroke the diesel is sprayed inside the piston where there is high pressure and
temperature gases are present, due to which it result in self-ignition of the diesel.

 EXHAUST STROKE:
In exhaust stroke the piston moves from bottom dead centre to top dead centre and the
exhaust valve is open. During this the burned gases are expelled out air-fuel mixture through
the exhaust valve.
 Figure 2: Movement of piston

WORKING OF FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGINE

In the intake stroke the air in taken inside the piston, for this the inlet valve is opened. During this
the exhaust valve remains close and the piston moves from TDC to BDC. In compression stroke the
air in the cylinder is compressed and the pressure of air is increased. During this both inlet and
exhaust valve remains close. In power stroke the diesel is injected in the piston from fuel injector
where high pressure air is present. Air present is at pressure and temperature higher the required
for self-ignition of diesel. As the diesel enters the piston, diesel burns and expansion of the gases
occur. By this expansion power is produced and piston moves from TDC to BDC, which moves the
crankshaft and linear motion is converted into rotary motion. In exhaust stroke the piston moves
from BDC to TDC and the exhaust valve is opened for removal of the gases from the piston. As piston
completes one cycle of four strokes, crankshaft moves two times.

Figure 3: PV diagram of otto cycle