Professional Documents
Culture Documents
UNIT 1: RELATIONSHIPS
READING
SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS
PART 1 : VOCABULARY
Exercise 1:
Underline at least five words or phrases related to the topic of education in the
following text. Use your dictionary if necessary.
If you send your child to a boarding school you can be looking at fees of
almost £8,000 per term. Eton will charge £7,896 a term from September - a rise of
5.8% on last year’s fees. Winchester s fees have gone up 5% from £7,457 to £7,833 a
term. Day schools are cheaper, but even these are charging an average of £2,796 a
term - £8,388 a year.
If you have a baby this year and plan to send him or her to a private day
school for secondary education, it will set you back about £150,000, according to an
independent adviser
If your child is starting senior school this September, the school fees between
11 and 18 will total an average of £75,500, assuming the fees rise by 7% a year.
Exercise 2:
Match the words 1-10 with the definitions a-j.
1. a day school ______ a. a school for pupils between the ages of 11 or
12 and 17 or 18
2. a special needs school ______ b. a school for children between the ages of 5
and 11
3. a boarding school ______ c. a school suitable for the majority of children
4. a mainstream school ______ d. a school in Britain for children aged between
11 and 18 who have a high academic ability
5. a secondary/senior e. a state school in which children of all abilities
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1. howl 4. Flourishing
a. cry loudly to express pain or a. Flowering
unhappiness b. developing rapidly and successfully
b. sing loudly c. studying
c. run quickly
2. hit a brick wall 5. Glowing
a. have an accident a. Satisfactory
b. agree about most things b. expressing approval
c. be unable to make progress c. with an intense colour and shine
3. autism 6. Devastating
a. a type of menial condition, a. difficult in the beginning
present from early childhood b. not pleasant
b. a type of cold or flu c. causing shock or distress
c. a mental illness characterised by
a refusal to eat
Exercise 4:
Complete the table with words from the passages in Exercises 1 and 3.
Verb Noun Adjective
1. _________________ an assumption —
2. _________________ a rise —
— 3. _________________ expert
— 4. _________________ young
to progress 5. _________________ progressive
to inspect 6. _________________ —
to diagnose 7. _________________ diagnostic
to realise 8. _________________ —
Exercise 1:
How many words are there in the sentences 1-4 below?
1. Describe the habitat of the orang-utan.
2. “The fact that two major designers have included blue-black jeans in their summer
range does not make them fashion.” Discuss.
3. Outline the rights of old-age pensioners in society, especially the over-seventies.
4. Evaluate the availability of over-the-counter medicines.
Exercise 2:
Answer the questions 1-8 in no more than three words.
1. How did you use to travel to school? ________________
2. Do you remember the name of your first school teacher? ________________
3. Name your three favourite subjects in secondary school. ________________
4. What is your favourite memory of your time at school? ________________
5. Give an example of a negative experience you had in school. ________________
6. Describe the type of food you used to eat at school. ________________
7. Have you ever failed an exam or test? ________________
8. What would you like to study at college or university? ________________
Exam tip: If you cannot find an answer to a question, go to the next one. If you
find the answer to that question, you will know that you need to go back in the
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text to find the answer to the previous one.
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Exercise 3:
The questions 1-4 are about the text below. They should be in the same order as the
information in the text but they have been mixed up. Put the questions in the right
order. You do not have to answer them.
1. Money is only one consideration for politicians. Give evidence from the text to show
this.
2. Illustrate how celebrities can influence politicians.
3. Give examples from the text of different types of policies.
4. Apart from celebrities, which other forces can influence politicians?
Policies can be influenced by many forces. For example, Jamie Oliver s TV programme,
Jamie's School Dinners, attacking the quality of food in schools, eventually persuaded
the Minister for Education to rethink policies about the eating habits of children, as well
as budgets. Equally so, very large organisations with a global presence influence policy
makers all around the world over concerns such as oil, arms, the environment and
human rights.
Exercise 4:
Skim-read the passage and decide what type of information is in each paragraph. Make
short notes about this information.
Plans to allow universities to charge unlimited tuition fees were today greeted
with dismay from students and lecturers but welcomed by vice-chancellors at
top-flight institutions. Fees of up to £6,000 a year would go directly to
universities, but above that figure they would pay a levy that would increase
for each additional £1,000, restricting the extra income, under proposals set
out by a review of higher education funding. Graduates would also repay their
loans later and over a longer period.
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Lord Browne of Madingley proposed a new system under which one graduate
in five in lower-paid jobs would repay less than today but higher-earning
graduates would pay more. His proposals, following a review of higher
education finance lasting almost a year, will form the basis of a new system for
funding universities from autumn 2012. ‘Under these plans universities can
start to vary what they charge,’ he said, but it will be up to students whether
they choose the university. The money will follow the student, who will follow
the quality. The student is no longer taken for granted, the student is in
charge.'
Aaron Porter, president of the National Union of Students said: ‘If adopted,
Lord Browne's review would hand universities a blank cheque and force the
next generation to pick up the tab for devastating cuts to higher education.
The only thing students and their families would stand to gain from higher fees
would be higher debts. A market in course prices between universities would
increasingly put pressure on students to make decisions based on cost rather
than academic ability or ambition.’
The review recommends:
4 • Graduates would not start to repay student loans until they earn £21,000 a
year. This threshold would rise in line with earnings to protect graduates with
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Paragraph 2: _________________________________________________________
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Paragraph 3: _________________________________________________________
Paragraph 4: _________________________________________________________
Paragraph 5: _________________________________________________________
Paragraph 6: _________________________________________________________
Paragraph 7: _________________________________________________________
Exercise 5:
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5. In the future, what may become the deciding factor for students choosing a
university?
6. What will happen to the maximum period of repayment?
7. What will students whose parents earn a total of £55,000 receive?
8. According to Universities UK. who would especially benefit from the new system?
9. According to newer universities, what might happen to the number of people who
are able to move up in society?
10. Who may ask for fees of over £7.000?
Exercise 7:
As quickly as you can, find the answers to the questions 1-10 in Exercise 6 by referring
to the text on exercise 4. Then answer the questions in no more than three words.
1. _____________________ 6. ______________________
2. _____________________ 7. ______________________
3. _____________________ 8. ______________________
4. _____________________ 9. ______________________
5. _____________________ 10. ______________________
Exercise 8:
Read the questions 1-10 and the answers one student found in a passage. In order for
her answers to be valid, the answers must be expressed in no more than three words.
Rewrite the answers. The first one has been done for you.
Questions Student’s answers Short answers
1. How much do they need to They need to pay £6,000 per £6.000 annually
pay? year.
2. How will students finance With a combination of loans and
their education? Salaries from part-time jobs.
3. How did the university They immediately released a
react to the news? statement to the press.
4. What are the There is a possibility that
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Exam tip: It can be difficult to limit your answers to three words. Sometimes it can
help to change a verb to a noun, or to use nouns as adjectives.
Exercise 9:
Rewrite the answers 1-9 in no more than three words. Do not use any verbs in your
answers.
Example: Question: What sort of technical difficulties has the school been having?
Answer: There have been problems with the systems that are currently
used by the computers.
computer system problems
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_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
4. Q: Name one of the aims that are mentioned on the final list.
A: The school library wants to increase the number of books it lends out.
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
A: They are happy with the way they keep control of their resources.
_______________________________________________
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_______________________________________________
Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each, answer the following questions.
1. Why do private providers feet they need to pay as much as children's centres?
2. What is the most a senior nursery nurse could earn?
3. Out of all children, how many take up places in private nurseries?
4. What types of nurseries do fathers and mothers prefer?
Parents face a sharp increase in nursery fees from January as new government-subsidised
children's centres drive up staff costs for private daycare.
Children's centres are offering up to C7.000 a year more for managers and nursery nurses
to staff their premises, forcing private providers to match the pay offer or risk losing their
best employees. Fees are private nurseries' only source of income so they have no option
but to pass on the 12-15 per cent salary increases to parents. Salaries account for 80 per
cent of running costs and fees are an average of £140 a week.
The annual pay survey for Nursery World magazine found that the salary of a nursery
manager in the private sector had risen by an average of 12.3 per cent this year, to
£21,547. as owners attempted to hang on to their staff. Despite the increase, children's
centres are offering about £27,000 for a manager. Senior nursery nurses have had an
average 17 per cent increase this year, with salaries of about €14,000, but could still earn
up to £17,000 if they switched to a children's centre.
Children's centres are heavily subsidised and are offering much bigger salaries than
anywhere else in the sector,' said Claire Schofield, head of membership at the National
Day Nurseries Association. Shouldn't the subsidy be available across the board?’ Private
providers currently account for 78 per cent of all nursery places. The Government plans
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to open 3,500 children's centres by 2010 — fire in each parliamentary constituency. Each
centre will offer daycare and other services for children and parents. The Department for
Education and Skills estimates that the cost of each place will be about £250 a week, well
above private sector fees. But a generous subsidy administered by local authorities brings
the lees down to about £137 a week. Liz Roberts, editor of Nursery World, predicted that
many nurseries would face financial difficulties as a result. 'Nurseries will put up their fees
a bit, but there is a limit to what parents can afford so it is becoming terribly difficult.
Some nursery owners barely pay themselves as it is. so may just decide to close,' she said.
A Department for Education and Skills study found that only 25 per cent of private
nurseries made a profit, with 31 per cent breaking even. While children's centres will otter
parents value for money at first, there is no guarantee that the Government will continue
to pay the subsidy. If the funding is reduced, parents will hare no choice but to pay more
for their nursery places, especially if local private nurseries hare been driven out of
business. Parents hare also made clear during public consultations that they like private
and voluntary sector nurseries, which are often smaller and more intimate than local
authority providers, and the Government has said that it is committed to diversity of
supply.
WRITING TASK 1
PART 1 PRACTICE EXCERSISES
Exercise 1:
Look at the pictures. They are from a diagram that shows the process of producing tea
for selling in a supermarket. Label the pictures (1–7) to put the stages of the process in
order.
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Exercise 2:
The diagram shows the process of producing tea for selling in a supermarket.
Complete the information about each stage of the process. Use the words in the box.
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When you write a report of a process in IELTS Writing Task 1, you should only use
important information from the diagram. Do not give your own opinion or use
information that is not important.
Look at a student's notes on the IELTS Writing Task 1. Choose whether the information
is important or not important.
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Exercise 4 :
Read the report on the diagram and answer the questions.
The diagram explains how tea is produced before it is sold in supermarkets.
Supermarkets in my country sell a lot of tea.It shows several stages of production from
the growing and picking stages to when lorries deliver the tea to supermarkets and
when customers buy it while they are shopping. There are seven main stages between
the tea being planted and being bought.
First of all, the tea is grown for three years when it is picked by hand. After that, the tea
is left to rest either outdoors or indoors. After this comes the packaging stage. The dried
tea is made into teabags and the teabags are put into boxes. The boxes are then packed
into lorries. The lorries are very big. The lorries deliver the tea to the supermarkets. Tea
is a healthy drink.
o Yes
o No
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2. Has the student given his or her own opinion or used any information that is not
important?
o Yes
o No
o Yes
o No
Exercise 5 :
Look at the diagram again. Then put the paragraphs in the correct order (1-4) to
complete the report.
B. First of all, the tea is grown for three years when it is picked by hand. After that,
the tea is left to rest either outdoors or indoors. Next, it is put in a drying
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machine where it is dried for two hours. The temperature during this stage of
the process should be just over 260°C.
C. It shows several stages of production from the growing and picking stages to
when lorries deliver the tea to supermarkets and when customers buy it while
they are shopping. There are seven main stages between the tea being planted
and being bought.
D. It shows several stages of production from the growing and picking stages to
when lorries deliver the tea to supermarkets and when customers buy it while
they are shopping. There are seven main stages between the tea being planted
and being bought.
Exercise 6:
Match the correct pictures with the sentences describing the process of producing tea.
4. Next, it is put in a drying machine where it is dried for two hours. The temperature
during this stage of the process should be just over 260°C.
5. After this comes the packaging stage. The dried tea is made into teabags and the teabags
are put into boxes.
6. The boxes are then packed into lorries. The lorries deliver the tea to the supermarkets.
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Exercise 7:
Read the information below. Then complete the sentences in the present simple
passive.
To make a present simple passive sentence, you take the object of the verb in
the active sentence (e.g. the tea) + am/is/are + past participle (e.g. grown).
Example:
1. Workers pick the tea by hand. 4. Workers pack the apples into lorries.
The tea ______________ by hand. The apples __________________ into
lorries.
2. Workers keep the good oranges.
The good oranges ___________________. 5. The lorries deliver the rice to the
supermarket.
3. Workers ship the coffee in fridges. The rice ________________ to the
The coffee ________________ in fridges. supermarket.
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The diagram shows the process of growing bananas for selling in supermarkets.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make
comparisons where relevant.
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Student post:
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Exercise 1:
The expressions a-g below describe sources of damage to the environment. Complete
the sentences 1-7 using these expressions. The first one has been done for you.
Exercise 2:
Look again at sentences 1-7 in exercise 1 and answer the questions 1-3.
Exercise 3:
Cause-and-effect relationships can also be expressed using a number of different
words and expressions:
because + dependant clause Because mangrove swamps have been damaged, many
unique species are now endangered. Many unique species are now endangered because
mangrove swamps have been damaged.
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Re-write the sentences 1-4 below using the words in brackets. Make any other
changes necessary.
1. Land has been farmed so intensively that there has been a significant decline in biod
iversity, (contributed to)
Vegetation ________________________________________________________
3. Because there are fewer insects, the small animals that feed on them have moved el
sewhere, (so)
Exercise 4: Each pair of words or phrases in italics in the sentences 1-5 below expresses
a similar meaning. Underline the word which makes the sentence more moderate.
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1. Read the two process descriptions below. Use information from the second
description to complete the flowchart.
Clear cutting
The flow chart illustrates the process of clear cutting, a logging practice which involves
the complete removal of trees from a given area.
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Firstly, access roads to the area are cut. Secondly, the entire crop of standing trees is
felled by mechanized harvesters. The trees are then extracted’, or brought to the road
side. Once the trees have been extracted, they are processed by chain saw. The limbs
and tree tops are removed. The stems are bucked’, that is cut into logs of a specified
length. The logs are then sorted by size and loaded onto logging trucks for transport to
the sawmill.
In the final stage, the land is prepared for future harvests. The remaining scrub is
gathered into large piles and burnt. The area is then re-planted.
Forest re-growth
The first plants to grow are pioneer’ plants, which can survive in harsh conditions. They
provide shade, gather moisture・ and return organic material to the soil. They therefore
create the conditions for other plants to thrive.
In the second phase of re-growth, shrubs emerge. They quickly cover the ground,
crowding out the pioneers. However, they too eventually die off as young trees push
through the brush. Within ten years・ trees finally take over, preven ng light from
reaching the forest floor.
Now look at options i and ii and decide in each case whether you would normally use
the active or the passive voice.
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Example: The first plants to grow are pioneer plants. Pioneer plants can survive in harsh
conditions.
The first plants for grow are pioneer plants, which can survive in harsh conditions.
1. Pioneer plants provide shade. Pioneer plants gather moisture. Pioneer plants return
organic material to the soil.
________________________________________________________________
2. Shrubs quickly cover the ground. Shrubs crowd out the pioneers.
________________________________________________________________
3. However, shrubs too eventually die off. Young trees push through the brush.
________________________________________________________________
4. The logs are sorted by size. The logs are loaded onto logging trucks. They are
transported to the sawmill.
________________________________________________________________
5. The trees have been extracted. The trees are processed by chain saw.
________________________________________________________________
LISTENING
SECTION 1
Questions 1-5
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A woman is talking about her family members. What is their relationship to her?
Listen and circle the correct answer.
1. He's my_______
a. uncle
b. grandfather
c. brother 4. She's my _________
2. She's my ________ a. cousin
a. niece b. niece
b. cousin c. aunt
c. aunt 5. He's my__________
3. He's my _________ a. brother
a. nephew b. Uncle
b. brother c. father
c. Cousin
Questions 6-10
Diane is listening to messages on her voicemail. What does each person ask her
to do? Listen and write the correct letter.
6. Claudio _______ a. go shopping
7. George _______ b. see a play
8. Mom _______ c. go for a drive
9. Michael _______ d. go dancing
10. Betsy _______ e. go to the symphony
SECTION 2
Questions 1-3
Choose the correct letter A, B or C.
Example:
Which sport is the woman interested in?
A gymnastics
B swimming
C tennis
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B. 25 metres
C. 50 metres
2. Which of these is free for all members?
A. the beginners swimming class
B. the training session
C. the keep-fit class
3. Which of these does the woman need to book?
A. swimming lanes
B. gym equipment
C. sauna
SPEAKING
PART 1 IELTS SPEAKING TEST
EXERCISE 1:
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2. Do you prefer a big family or a small b. I live in a big family, the so-called
one? extended family, with my
grandparents, my uncle and aunt living
together. We are very close-knit and
quite happy.
3. Who makes most of the decisions in c. I like to have a DINK family. As you can
your family? see, I am too young and not ready to
have a family. Also, 1 always feel that
I'm the one who needs a lot of care.
Why don't we just work and enjoy? In
this way, I can spare some time to learn
some skills in order to keep up with the
times.
4. Who is the person that has d. Definitely my father. He was very strict
influenced you most in your family? with us but always so helpful.
Whenever I had any problem in my
study, he would help me out through
discussion.
EXERCISE 2:
Suggestions
• When talking about your family members, you may use There + be ...
• Talking about your age, you may use ... years old, in one’s (early / mid / IELTS
late) 29
twenties, etc.
• Most often, you should use the present simple to talk about your family, and