A well-designed and well-detailed cast-in situ structure will normally satisfy the detailed

tying requirements set out in subsection 5.11.

Elements whose failure would cause collapse of more than a limited part of the structure
adjacent to them should be avoided. Where this is not possible, alternative load paths
should be identified or the element in question strengthened.

Movement joints may need to be provided to minimize the effects of movements caused
by, for example, shrinkage, temperature variations, creep and settlement.
The effectiveness of movement joints depends on their location. Movement joints
should divide the structure into a number of individual sections, and should pass through
the whole structure above ground level in one plane. The structure should be framed on
both sides of the joint. Some examples of positioning movement joints in plan are given in
Fig. 2.1.
Movement joints may also be required where there is a significant change in the type of
foundation or the height of the structure.
For reinforced concrete frame structures in UK conditions, movement joints at least
25mm wide should normally be provided at approximately 50m centres both longitudinal-
ly and transversely. In the top storey and for open buildings and exposed slabs additional
joints should normally be provided to give approximately 25m spacing. Joint spacing in
exposed parapets should be approximately 12m.
Joints should be incorporated in the finishes and in the cladding at the movement joint
locations.

For the required period of fire resistance (prescribed in the Building Regulations), the
structure should:
• have adequate loadbearing capacity
• limit the temperature rise on the far face by sufficient insulation, and
• have sufficient integrity to prevent the formation of cracks that will allow the passage
of fire and gases.

Fig. 2.1 Location of movement joints

14 IStructE EC2 (Concrete) Design Manual

 The design should take into account the likely deterioration of the structure and its com-
ponents in their environment having due regard to the anticipated level of maintenance.
The following inter-related factors should be considered:
• the required performance criteria
• the expected environmental conditions
• the composition, properties and performance of materials
• the shape of members and detailing
• the quality of workmanship
• any protective measure
• the likely maintenance during the intended life.

Concrete of appropriate quality with adequate cover to the reinforcement should be

specified.
The above requirements for durability and fire resistance may dictate sizes for members
greater than those required for structural strength alone.

IStructE EC2 (Concrete) Design Manual 15