9

Mathematics
Quarter 1 - Module 9
Determining the Equation of a Quadratic Function
and Solving Problems Involving
Quadratic Functions

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

Math- Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 - Module 9: Determining the Equation of a Quadratic Function, and Solving
Problems Involving Quadratic Functions
First Edition, 2020
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 9
Mathematics
Quarter 1 - Module 9
Determining Equation of a Quadratic
Functions and Solving Problems Involving
Quadratic Functions

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

 Table of Contents

What This Module is About ........................................................................................................... i

What I Need to Know ..................................................................................................................... i
How to Learn from this Module ................................................................................................... ii
Icons of this Module ...................................................................................................................... ii

What I Know.................................................................................................................................. iii

Lesson 1:
Determining the Equation of a Quadratic Function Given a Table of Values .1
What I Need to Know .................................................................................... 1
What’s In........................................................................................................ 1
What’s New .................................................................................................. 2
What Is It ...................................................................................................... 2
What’s More ................................................................................................. 3
What I Have Learned …................................................................................ 5
What I Can Do ............................................................................................... 5

Lesson 2:
Determining the Equation of a Quadratic Function Given a Graph .......................6

What I Need to Know .................................................................................... 6

What’s In........................................................................................................ 6
What’s New .................................................................................................. 6
What Is It ...................................................................................................... 7
What’s More ................................................................................................. 8
What I Have Learned …................................................................................ 9
What I Can Do ............................................................................................... 10
Lesson 3:
Determining the Equation of a Quadratic Function Given its Zeros .....................11

What I Need to Know .................................................................................... 11

What’s In........................................................................................................ 11
What’s New .................................................................................................. 12
What Is It ...................................................................................................... 12
What’s More ................................................................................................. 14
What I Have Learned …................................................................................ 14
What I Can Do ............................................................................................... 15
Lesson 4:
Solving Problems Involving Quadratic Functions ..........................................................16

What I Need to Know .................................................................................... 16

What’s In........................................................................................................ 17
What’s New .................................................................................................. 17
What Is It ...................................................................................................... 18
What’s More ................................................................................................. 21
What I Have Learned …................................................................................ 22
What I Can Do ............................................................................................... 23

Summaries……………………………………………………………………………………15, 23
Assessment: Post-Test… ................................................................................................ ..24
Key to Answers…………………………………………………………………………………...26
References ......................................................................................................................... ..30
What This Module is About
Have you experienced playing basketball? Are you good in free throws? Do you
know the secret key in playing this game? What is the maximum height reached by a
basketball ball thrown vertically upward given a particular condition?

Quadratic function has many applications and has played a fundamental role in
solving problems related to human life.
In this module, you will be able to learn important concepts in quadratic functions
which will enable you to answer the questions above. And also, you will be able to determine
the equation of a quadratic function using the stock knowledge on the definition and
characteristics of the quadratic function, it’s graph as well as the nature of roots and zeros of
the quadratic function. Furthermore, you will also recall some basic properties of quadratic
function which you need in order to solve real-life problems. Activities are provided for you to
master the skills in problem solving involving quadratic functions.

What I Need to Know

In this module, you will be able to determine the equation of a quadratic function
given: a) table of values; b.) graph; c.) zeros and solve problems involving quadratic
functions.

i
How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited previously, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that

Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.

ii
 What I Know

Assessment (Pre – Test)

Directions: Find out how much you already know about this module. Write the letter that
corresponds to the best answer on your answer sheet. Answer all items. After taking and
checking this short test, take note of the items that you were not able to answer correctly
and look for the answer as you go through in this module.
1. Which of the following is a quadratic equation?
a. 3m2 + 5m – 2 c. t2 + 8t – 6 = 0
b. 2m – 3m =2 d. 2x2 + 10x ≥ 7
2. What is the vertex of the parabola y = x2 – 5?
a. (5, 0) c. (0,5)
b. (-5, 0) d. (0, -5)
3. What are the roots of the quadratic equation x2 + x – 20 = 0?
a. 4 and 5 c. 2 and 10
b. -4 and 5 d. 2 and -10
4. How many real roots does the quadratic equation x2 + 5x + 7 = 0 have?
a. 0 c. 2
b. 1 d. 3
5. What is the nature of the roots of the quadratic equation if the value of its
discriminant is zero?
a. The roots are not real c. the roots are rational and not equal
b. The roots are irrational and not equal d. the roots are rational and equal
6. What is the axis of symmetry of the parabola y = x2 + 4x + 4?
a. 2 c. -2
b. 4 a. -4
7. What is the value of c of a quadratic function that passes through (0,7), (1, 14)
and (2, 25)?
a. 2 c. 7
b. 5 d. 14
8. What must be added to x2 -10x to make it a perfect square trinomial?
a. 5 c. 20
b. 10 d. 25
9. The graph of g(x) = -x2 + 2x + 1 opens ______.
a. Upward c. downward
b. To the left d. the right
10. What is the quadratic function f(x) whose zeros are 2 and -7?
a. f(x)= x2 + 5x -14 c. f(x)= x2 - 5x -14
2
b. f(x)= x - 5x +14 d. f(x)= x2 + 5x +14
11. Find two numbers whose sum is 8 and whose product is a maximum.
a. 4 and 4 c. 2 and 6
b. 3 and 5 d. 1 and
12. Find two real numbers whose sum is 16 and whose product is a maximum.
a. 6 and 10 c. 9 and 7
b. 8 and 8 d. 5 and 11
13. A man with 160ft. of fencing materials wishes to fence off an area in the shape of
a rectangle. What should be the dimensions of the area if the enclosed space is
to be as large as possible?
a. 20ft. by 20ft. c. 40ft. by 40ft
b. 30ft. by 30ft. d. 80ft. by 80ft.

iii
14. What are the dimensions of the largest rectangular field that can be enclosed by
200m of wire?
a.150m x 50m c. 50m x 50m
b. 100m x100m d. 25m x 25m

15. The batter hits the softball and it follows a path in which h is given by h(t) = -8t2
+16t + 5, where t is the time in seconds elapsed since the ball was pitched.
What is the maximum height reached by the softball?
a. 10m c. 12m
b. 11m d.13m

16. An object is fired straight up with a velocity of 60ft/sec. Its altitude height h after t
seconds is given by h(t) = -15t2 + 60t. When does the projectile hit the ground?
a. 3 seconds c. 5 seconds
b. 4 seconds d. 6 seconds

17. The perimeter of a rectangle is 38m. Find the dimensions of the rectangle that
will contain the greatest area.
a. 7.5m x 7.5m c. 9.5m x 9.5m
b. 8m x 8m d. 19m x 19m

18. An object is thrown vertically upward with a velocity of 80m/sec. The distance
S(t) above the ground after t seconds is given by the formula S(t) = 80t -5t2 .
How long will it take the object to reach the ground?
a. 4 seconds c. 7seconds
b. 5 seconds d. 8 seconds

19. A store sells school bags and the monthly revenue, R, of this store can be
modelled by the function R(x) = 3000 + 500x – 100x2. What is the maximum
revenue?
a. Ꝑ2625 c. Ꝑ4500
b. Ꝑ3625 d. Ꝑ4625

20. When the movie ticket is Ꝑ180, attendance is 400. For each Ꝑ20 decrease in
price, attendance increases by 100. What is the revenue R as a function of
movie ticket price x?
a. R(x) = (400+100x) (180-20x) c. R(x) = (400x) (180)
b. R(x) = (400+20x) (180-100x) d. R(x) = (180x) (100-x)

iv
 Lesson
Determining the Equation of a Quadratic
1 Function Given the Table of Values

What I Need to Know

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to determine the equation of a quadratic
function given table of values.

What’s In

Direction: Identify the values of y given the values of x: (a) 0, (b) 1, (c) 2, and (d) 3 in a
given quadratic function y = x2 + 2x + 1. Write your answer on the table below.

x 0 1 2 3
y 1

(a) x = 0, is done for you.

y = x2 + 2x + 1
y = 02 + 2(0) + 1
y=0+0+1
y=1

Guide Questions:

1. How did you find the values of y?

________________________________________________________________

2. What mathematical concept/s you used in finding the value of y?

________________________________________________________________

1
 What’s New

Direction: Fill in the missing letters.

1. I __ d e __ e n d __ n t v a__ i __ b __ e

2. Q __ a d r a __i __ F__ n c __ i __ n

3. D __ m __ __ n

4. T __ b l __ of V __ l u __ __

5. __ u __d __a__ __c E q__ __ t __ o n

6. V__ r ___ e x F __ r m

7. S t __ n __ __ r d F__ r __

8. R __n __ e

9. D __ p__ __ d e __ t V a __ i a __ l __

What Is It

Now, what is table of values? A table of values is a list of numbers that can be
generated from a quadratic function, where the given values of x are substituted to the
function to solve for the f(x). The values of y depend on the given values of x. X values are
called the domain of the function or the first coordinate of an ordered pair (x, y) and the y
values are the range of the function or the second coordinate of an ordered pair (x,y).

Illustrative Example 1.
Consider the table of values below.

x 0 1 2 3 4
F(x) 5 6 13 26 45

The ordered pairs are (0,5), (1, 6), (2, 13), (3, 26), and (4, 45).

A Quadratic function can be written in two forms:

(a) Standard Form : f(x) = ax2 + bx + c

(b) Vertex Form: f(x) = a(x –h)2 + k

To determine the equation of quadratic function given the above table of values:

Step 1. Choose any 3 ordered pairs in the given table of values.

(0, 5), (1, 6), (2, 13)

2
 Step 2. Substitute the ordered pairs (x,f(x)) in f(x) = ax 2 + bx + c.
5 = a (0)2 + b (0) + c c=5
2
6 = a (1) + b (1) + c a+b+5=6 (1)
13 =a (2)2 + b (2) + c 4a + 2b + 5 = 13 (2)

Step 3. Solve simultaneously.

Solving (1) and (2) simultaneously:
a+b+5=6 a+b=6–5
a+b=1
b=1–a

Simplify (2) and substitute b = 1 – a in the resulting equation.

4a + 2b = 13 - 5
4a + 2(1 – a) = 8
4a + 2 – 2a = 8
2a = 8 – 2
2a = 6
a =
a =3

Solve for b: b=1–a

b=1–3
b = -2

Step 4. Substitute the values of a, b, and c in the function f(x) = ax2 + bx + c.

Since a = 3, b = -2, and c = 5, therefore, the quadratic function is f(x) = 3x2 – 2x + 5.

To deepen your understanding on how to determine the equation of a quadratic

function, given the table of values perform the Activity 1. My Values and go over with
the examples below.

What’s More

Activity 1. My Values

A. Let us try using this given table of values. Supply the missing number/values to
make each statement correct.

x -2 -1 0 1 2
y 17 10 5 2 1

Step 1. Choose any ordered pairs.

( ____, 10), (0 , ____), (_____, 2)

3
 Step 2. Substitute the values of (x, y) in f(x) = ax2 + bx + c.
______ = a(-1)2 + b(____) + c __ = a – b + c (1)
2
5 = a(___) + b(___) + c 5 = 0 + 0 + c; c = ____ (2)
2= a(___)2 + b(___) + c 2 = a + __ + c (3)

Step 3. Solve simultaneously.

Solving 1 and 3 simultaneously. Substitute c = 5 in equation 1.
10 = a – b + c 10 = a – b + ____
a – b = 10 – ____
a – b = ____
a = ___ + 5

Simplify (3) and substitute a = b2+ 5 in the resulting equation.

2=a+b+5 a + b = ____+ 2
(b + 5) + b = -3
____ + 5 = -3
2b = -3 + ____
2b = ____
b=
b = ___
Solve for a, a = b + 5 a = ____+ 5
a = ___

Step 4. Substitute the values of a, b, and c in f(x) = ax2 + bx + c.

a = 1 , b = -4 and c = 5.

Therefore, the equation of quadratic function f(x) = __________.

B. The table of values below describes a quadratic function. Find the equation of
quadratic function by choosing any three points from the table below.

x -1 0 1 2 3
f(x) 6 7 12 21 34

a. Substitute three (3) ordered pairs (x,y) in f(x) = ax2 + bx + c.

b. What are the three equations you came up with?
______________, ______________, _________________
c. Solve for the values of a, b, and c.
d. Write the equation of the quadratic function f(x) = ax 2 + bx + c.

Guide Questions:

a. How did you obtain the three equations?

__________________________________________________________________
b. What do you call the three equations?
__________________________________________________________________
c. How did you solve for the values of a, b, and c from the three equations?
__________________________________________________________________
d. How can you obtain the equation of a quadratic function from a table of values?
__________________________________________________________________

4
 What I Have Learned

How did you find the previous activities? Did you answer it correctly?
In this section you are given additional activities to perform for you to practice
mastery on finding the equation of a quadratic equation given a table of values.

Activity 2: Derive my Equation!

Determine the equation of the quadratic equation represented by these table of values.

1. x -2 -1 0 1 3
f(x) 9 5 1 0 4

2.
x -2 -1 0 1
f(x) 8 15 24 35

What I Can Do

Directions:
1. Observe the pattern of the figures given below. Draw the 4 th and 5th figures.
2. Make a table of values for the number of triangles at the bottom and the total
number of unit squares
3. Determine the equation of the quadratic function.

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

5
 Lesson
Determining the Equation of a Quadratic
2 Function Given a Graph

What I Need to Know

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to determine the equation of a quadratic
function given a graph.

What’s In

Direction: Determine the equation of a quadratic function given the table of values below.

1.

x -5 -3 -2 -1 0 1
f(x) 0 3 0 4 10 18

2.

x -2 -1 0 1 2 3
f(x) 3 0 -1 0 3 8

What’s New

Direction: Arrange the jumbled letters to form word/s in each item.

1. ertvex ________________
2. ssixfaymemyrto ________________
3. arbapola ________________
4. pmiumoinmint ________________
5. mxapoiumintm ________________
6. harpg ________________

6
 What Is It
What is the graph of a quadratic function?
Parabolas are the resulting graphs of quadratic functions, and are special curves with
maximum or minimum points. The maximum or minimum point in a parabola is termed the
vertex (h, k) where h is the axis of symmetry. A parabola can cross the x-axis once, twice,
or never. The x – coordinates of these intersections are called x-intercepts.

Now, let’s take a look on the graph of the

quadratic function f(x) = x2 – 2x – 3 given on the right.
The graph opens upward and it has minimum point (1, -
4) and its axis of symmetry is x =1. It also shows that
the graph crosses the x-axis at x = 3 and x = -1; these
are the x-intercepts of the graph of the function.
Similarly, 3 and -1 are the zeros of the function.
The equation of the quadratic function can
easily be determined by using the form of a quadratic
function y = a(x -h)2 + k; but, only when the vertex and
any point on the parabola are clearly seen.
Source: Grade 9: Learner’s Manual

Illustrative example 2.
Find the equation of the quadratic function from the graph below.

Source: Grade 9: Learner’s Manual

Solution:
The vertex of the graph of the quadratic function is (2, -3). The graph passes through
the point (5, 0). By replacing x and y with 5 and 0, respectively, and h and k with 2 and -3,
respectively, we have

y = a(x -h)2 + k
0 = a(5 – 2)2 + (-3)
0 = a(3)2 – 3
3 = 9a
a=
a=
Thus, the quadratic equation is y = (x – 2)2 – 3 or y = x2 - x - .

7
 What’s More

Activity 1: Zeros, Where Are You?

Plot and examine the graph of the quadratic function y = x2 – 8x – 10. Answer the
guide questions that follow.

Determine the following:

a. The graph of the function is a __________ and it opens _______________.
b. What is the vertex of the parabola and its axis of symmetry?
c. At what values of x does the graph intersect the x- axis?
d. What is the value of y at these values of x?

Activity 2: My Graph!

Determine the equation of the quadratic function given its graph.

1.

Equation: ________________
Solution:

Source: Grade 9: Learner’s Manual

2.
Equation: ________________

Solution:

Source: Grade 9: Learner’s Manual

8
 What I Have Learned

Your goal in this section is to have a better understanding of the mathematical

concepts on how to determine the equations of quadratic functions given a graph. In
performing Activity 5, you may able to apply the different concepts that you have learned
from the previous activities.

Activity 3. Shoot That Ball!

The ball thrown by the boy follows a trajectory. It hits the ground 20 meters away
from the starting position. It just overshoots the basketball board which is 4 meters high and
is 10 meters away from the starting point.

From the given information, find the equation determined by the path of the
basketball ball.

9
 What I Can Do

In this section, you are provided an activity where you can apply the skills and
mathematical concepts previously learned. This activity can be of great help to deepen your
understanding for further application of the concepts learned.

Activity 4: To Gain or to Lose?

Analyze the graph below and answer the questions that follow.

Source: Grade 9 Learner’s Manual

a. Describe the graph.

___________________________________________________________________
b. What is the highest income of the banana farmer? In What week?
___________________________________________________________________
c. How many weeks should the owner of the banana plantation wait before harvesting
the bananas to get the maximum profit?
___________________________________________________________________
d. What is the vertex of the graph?
___________________________________________________________________
e. Write the equation of the quadratic function that represent the graph above?

10
 Lesson
Determining the Equation of a Quadratic
3 Function Given its Zeros

What I Need to Know

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to determine the equations of a quadratic
function given the zeros.

What’s In

Activity 1: Solve Me in Any Way!

Given a quadratic equation x2 – 2x – 3 = 0, find the roots in three methods. Show

your solution.

a. By Factoring

b. By Completing the Square

c. By using the Quadratic Formula

Did you find the roots in three different ways? Your skills in finding the roots will also
be the methods you will be using in finding the zeros of quadratic functions.

The roots of a quadratic equation are equivalent to the zeros of a quadratic function.

11
 What’s New

Activity 2: My Equation, Please!

Study the example below in finding the roots of the quadratic function and try to
reverse the process to find the solution of the problem indicated in the table on the right.

Find the roots of f(x) = x2 -3x -10 If the roots of the quadratic
using factoring. function are 5 and -2, find the
Solution: equation.
f(x) = x2 -3x -10 Note: f(x) = a(x -r1)(x-r2) where a
0 = x2 – 3x - 10 is any nonzero constant.
0 = (x - 5) (x + 2) Solution:
x – 5 = 0 or x + 2 = 0 ___________________________
Then x = 5 and x = -2 ___________________________
___________________________
The zeros are 5 and -2. ___________________________

a. How did you find the activity?

b. Explain the procedure you have done to determine the equation of the quadratic
function.

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

What Is It

Study the mathematical concept below.

A value of x that satisfies the quadratic equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 is called a root of

the equation. Similarly, the roots of quadratic equation correspond to the zeros of a function
f(x) = x2 + bx + c.

In solving the zeros of f(x) = x2 – 2x – 3 by factoring, the function is equated by 0.

That is,
x2 – 2x – 3 = 0 Equate f(x) to 0
(x – 3)(x + 1) = 0 factor the left side
x – 3 = 0 or x + 1 = 0 apply zero product property
x=3 x = -1 simplify
The zeros of f(x) = x2 – 2x – 3 are -1 and 3.

12
 The process done can be reversed to find a quadratic function if the zeros are given.
For instance, the quadratic function f(x) whose zeros are 4 and 7 is
f(x) = (x – 4)(x – 7)

= x2 - 11x + 28

In general, if the zeros are r1 and r2, we can express the quadratic function as
f(x) = (x – r1)(x -r2)

Multiplying the two binomials the results is:

f(x) = x2 – r1x -r2x + r1 r2

or f(x) = x2 – (r1 + r2)x + r1 r2 (1)

Now, consider the quadratic function f(x) = ax2 + bx + c. Solving for the zeros of f(x)
means equating it to 0. That is, ax2 + bx + c = 0.

Or x2 + x + =0 (2)

Comparing the functions f(x) = x2 – (r1 + r2)x + r1r2 and f(x) = x2 + x + suggests that
-(r1 +r2) = and r1r2 =

The comparison illustrates the relationships between the zeros and the coefficients of
a quadratic function.

Illustrative Example 1.

a. Determine the equation of the quadratic functions given the zeros 3 and -1.

Solution:
f(x) = (x-3)(x +1)
= x2 + x – 3x – 3
= x2 - 2x – 3

Thus, the equation of the quadratic function whose zeros are 3 and -1 is f(x) = x2 –
2x -3.

b. Determine the equation of the quadratic functions whose zeros are -5 and 4.

Solution:
r1= -5 and r2 = 4
= – (r1 + r2) = -(-5 + 4) = - (-1) = 1

= (r1 )( r2) = (-5)(4) = -20

Therefore, the equation of the quadratic function whose zeros are -5 and 4 is f(x) = x2
+ x – 20.

To deepen your understanding on how to determine the equation of a quadratic function

given zeros, perform Activity 3.

13
 What’s More

Activity 3: What’s My Rule

a. Determine one equation of quadratic function given its zeros.

1. {4, 6}
2. {-5, 0}
3. {6, 7}

b. Explain briefly the method used in getting the equation.

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

From the previous activities you have learned the methods of finding the zeros of a
quadratic function. The mathematical concepts that you learned in this section will help
you perform activities in the next section.

What I Have Learned

Activity 4: Derive my Equation!

Direction: Determine the equation of the quadratic equation represented by its zeros.
1. { 2, 5 }
2. {-7, 7}
3. {6, -4}

Guide Questions:

1. Did you get the correct answers?

___________________________________________________________________
2. Explain on how you obtained your answer.
___________________________________________________________________
3. What are the methods and mathematical concepts did you apply in obtaining your
answer?
___________________________________________________________________

14
 What I Can Do

In this section, you are provided an activity where you can apply the skills and
mathematical concepts previously learned. Your output will show evidence of your
learning.

Activity 5: Finding Zeros

Direction: Determine the equation of quadratic function f(x) whose zeros are:
1. 3/2 and 5
2. 1/3 and 3/4
3. 7 and 9

Summary
To determine the equation of a quadratic function given:
a. table of values
Choose any three points from the given table of values. Substitute the points in the
equation y = ax2 + bx + c to have three linear equations. Solve the equations
simultaneously and simplify. Then, substitute the values of a, b, and c in the given
function f(x) = ax2 + bx + c.
b. graph
Identify one point and the vertex of the graph. Use the formula of the quadratic
equation y = a(x –h)2 + k . To solve for a, replace x and y and h and k using the point
and the vertex respectively. Then, substitute the value of a and the vertex in the
9
quadratic function f(x) = a(x- h)2 + k.
c. zeros
To find the equation of quadratic function whose zeros are r1 and r2, express the
quadratic function as f(x) = (x - r1) (x – r2) then, multiply the right side of the equation
and simplify.

15
 Lesson
Solving Problems Involving Quadratic
4 Functions

What I Need to Know

In this lesson, you will learn to solve problems involving quadratic functions. You will
also apply knowledge and skills related to quadratic function, and learn to appreciate the
importance of quadratic functions in solving real-life problems.

What I Know

Solve each of the following problems:

1. Find two real numbers whose sum is 10 and whose product is a maximum.
a. 5 and 5 b. 6 and 4 c. 7 and 3 d. 9 and 1

2. Find two real numbers whose sum is 18 and whose product is a maximum.
a. 7 and 11 b. 8 and 10 c. 9 and 9 d. 11 and 7

3. What is the largest rectangular area that can be enclosed within a 16 m fence?
a. 10m2 b. 16m2 c. 24m2 d. 36m2

4. Carl has 60 m of barbed wire to fence a rectangular lot. What are the dimensions of
the lot that will contain the maximum area?
a. 5m by 5m b. 10m by 10m c. 12m by 12m d. 15m by 15m

5. An object is thrown vertically upward with
above the ground after t seconds is given
will it take the object to reach the ground?
a. 4 seconds
b. 5 seconds
a velocity of 80m/sec. The distance S(t)
by the formula S(t) = 80t -5t2 . How long
c. 7seconds
d. 8 seconds

16
 What’s In

Recall the properties of a quadratic function and use them to answer the given problem.

If the perimeter of the rectangle is 64 m, find its dimension if its area is a maximum.

1. Complete the table below for the possible dimensions of the rectangle and their
corresponding areas. The first column has been done for you.

Width(w) 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Length(l) 30
Area(A) 60

2. What is the largest area that you obtained?

3. What are the dimensions of a rectangle with the largest area?
4. Make a mathematical statement for the perimeter of a rectangle given that the
perimeter P = 64m.
5. Simplify the obtained equation and solve for the length l of the rectangle in terms of
its width w.
6. Express the area A of a rectangle as a function of its width w.
7. What kind of equation is the result?
8. Express the function in standard form. What is the vertex?
9. Graph the data from the table in number 1 showing the relationship between the
width and the area.
10. What have you observed about the vertex of the graph in relation to the dimensions
and the largest area?

What’s New

Quadratic functions have many applications.

Analyze the graph below representing the relationship between the time in seconds
when a projectile is launched vertically into the air, and its height at that time. Answer the
questions that follow.

35
30
25
height (m)

20
15
10
5
0
0 2 4 time
6 (s) 8 10 12

17
 1. What is the maximum height reached by a projectile?
2. How long does it take for a projectile to reach its maximum height?
3. How long does it take for a projectile to return to the ground?
4. What is the axis of symmetry of the graph?
5. What is the vertex of the graph?

What Is It

Now you will explore situations and real-life problems that can be modeled and can
be solved using the concepts of quadratic functions.

To understand how the concepts of quadratic functions can be used to solve number
problems, geometry problems, free falling bodies, profit and revenue, study the following
illustrative examples.

Illustrative Example 1: Number Problem

Find two real numbers whose sum is 14 and whose product is a maximum.

Solution:
Let x be the number. Then 14 - x is the other number.
If the product of the two numbers is a maximum, then its equivalent quadratic
function f(x) = x(14 - x)
= 14x – x2
= - x2 + 14x and attains its maximum value at its vertex (h, k)

Where,

( )
h=7

Since h = 7, then the first number is 7 and the other number is 14 – x = 7.

Illustrative Example 2: Geometry

What are the dimensions of the largest rectangular field that can be enclosed by 60m
of fencing wire?

Solution:

Let l and w be the length and width of a rectangle respectively. w

Then, the perimeter P of a rectangle is P = 2l + 2w.

l = 30 -w

18
 Since P = 60m, then we have
2l +2w = 60
l +w = 30
l = 30-w Expressing the length as a function of w

Substituting in the formula for the area A of a rectangle

A(w) = lw
A(w) = (30-w)w
A(w) = 30 –w2
A(w) = -w2 +30w

By completing the square,

A(w) = -(w2-30w+225) +225
A(w) = -(w-15)2 + 225

The vertex of the graph of the function A(w) is (15, 225). This point indicates the
maximum value of 225 for A(w) that occurs when w =15. If the width is 15m, then the
length is 30 - w = 30 -15=15m.

Alternative Solution:
The graph of the quadratic function is a parabola. Use the abscissa of the vertex of
the parabola,

Since the area is a function of w, we have

= ( )
= 15

Substituting this to A(w) = -w2 + 30w

= -152 + 30(15)
= -225 + 450
= 225

Therefore, the length should be 15m and the width should be 15m. The rectangle
that gives the maximum area is a square with an area of 225m 2.

Illustrative Example 3: Free Falling Bodies

A ball is thrown vertically upward with a velocity of 40m/sec. The height S(t) of the
ball above the building after t seconds is given by the function S(t) = 40t - 5t2 .
a. How long will it take the object to reach the maximum height?
b. What maximum height will the object reach?
c. Find the time at which the object is on the ground.

Solution:

a. The time for an object to reach the maximum height is the abscissa of the vertex
of the parabola or the value of h.
S(t) = 40t - 5t2

19
 If we transform the function into the form y = a(x - h)2 + k
S(t) = -5t2 + 40t
= -5(t2 - 8t +16) + 80
= -5(t - 4)2 + 80
Since the value of h is 4, then the object is at its maximum height after 4 seconds

Alternative Solution:
By using the abscissa of the vertex of the parabola or the value of h,

( )
h=4
Thus, the object is at its maximum height after 4 seconds.

b. The maximum height reached by the object is the ordinate of the vertex of the
function.

From solution a, the vertex of the function S(t) = -5(t - 4)2 + 80 is the point (4,80),
where the maximum value occurs, thus the maximum height reached by an object is
80.

Alternative Solution:
Substitute the value of h = 4 or the abscissa to the given function.
S(t) = 40t - 5t2
= 40(4) – 5 (4)2
= 160 - 80
= 80

c. To find the time it will take the object to hit the ground, S(t) = 0.

At ground level, the value of S(t) = 0. Thus the quadratic equation is

S(t) = 40t - 5t2

0 = 40t – 5t2
0 = 5t(8 - t)
5t = 0 or 8 – t = 0
t=0 t=8
Since t represents the time in seconds and t ≠ 0.

Thus, the object will hit the ground 8 seconds after launch.

Illustrative Example 4: Revenue Problem

A quadratic function can be applied in business/industry to determine the maximum

profit, the break-even situation, and the like.
Suppose x denotes the number of units a company plans to produce or sell. The
revenue function R(x) = (number of units produced or sold) x (price per unit)

20
 Study the example below.

A store sells about 40 caps per week at a price of Php100 each. For each Php10
decrease in price, the sales lady found out that 5 more caps per week were sold. Write a
quadratic function in standard form that models the revenue from the sales.
What price produces the maximum revenue?

Solution:

Let x be the number of additional number of caps sold.

You know that Revenue R(x) = (number of caps sold) x (price per cap)
Thus, R(x) = (40 + 5x) (100 - 10x)
R(X) = 4000 – 400x + 500x – 50x2
R(x) = -50x2 + 100x + 4000, model of the revenue from the sales

In order to find the price that produces a maximum revenue, we can transform the
function into the form y = a(x - h)2 + k
R(x) = -50(x -1)2 + 4050

The vertex is (1, 4050).

Thus, the maximum revenue is Php4,050.

The price of the cap to produce maximum revenue can be determined by

P(x) = 100 – 10x
P(x) = 100 - 10(1) = 90

Thus, Php90 is the price of the cap that produces maximum revenue.

What’s More

Solve the following problems. Show your solution.

1. A cellular phone store can sell 1000 phone kits per month for Php5,000 each.
Research indicates that the store can sell 5
more kits per month for each Php100 decrease in price. What price per kit will give
the greatest monthly sales?

2. A farmer has 1000 feet of fencing and a very big field. He can enclose a rectangular
area with dimensions x ft and 500 – x ft. What is the largest rectangular area he can
create?

For the next situation, answer the questions that follow:

3. You are selling face mask that costs Php35 each. Each week you have 60
customers. When you decrease the price by Php5, you expect 20 customers to be
added. What is the price of the face mask that yields a maximum profit?

21
 a. Analyze the problem.
b. What is the weekly sale if the cost of face mask is Php35?
c. If the revenue R = (number of face mask) x (price). Write the equation of the
quadratic function given the situation above.
d. What is the price that yields the maximum revenue?
e. Find the maximum revenue.

How did you find the activity? What properties of quadratic function did you use to
come up with the correct solution to the given problem?

What I Have Learned

Perform this activity. Show your solution.

1. Find two real numbers whose sum is 12 and whose product is a maximum.

2. Alex has 20 m of barbed wire to fence a rectangular lot. What are the dimensions of
the lot that will contain the maximum area?

3. The height h in feet of a ball t seconds after being tossed upward is given by the
function h(t) = 80t – 16t2 .
a. After how many seconds will it hit the ground?
b. What is its maximum height?
c. How long will it take to reach the maximum height?

4. Due to the existing situation brought by the pandemic COVID-19, the frontliners are
required to wear PPEs. A company of PPEs sells 600 pcs at Php1,000.00 each. The
company estimates that they can sell 80 pcs more PPEs for each Php100.00
decrease in price.
a. Write an equation for the revenue function.
b. How much is the sales amount if PPEs are priced at Php1000.00 each?
c. How much is the maximum sale?

22
 What Can I do

Performance Task:

Apply the concept of quadratic function to solve the following problem. Show your
solution.

During the Enhanced Community Quarantine (ECQ) you started cultivating your
vegetable garden. You decided that you are going to fence the rectangular area with a 40 m
wires. Would you choose to get the maximum area with its dimensions, answer the following
below:

Width(w) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Length(l)
Area(A)

a. List all the possible dimensions of the rectangular garden.

b. Make a table of values for the possible dimension.
c. Compute the area for each possible dimension.
d. What is the maximum area you obtained?
e. What are the dimensions of the maximum area you obtained?

Summary

Quadratic functions are used in many types of real world situations. They are useful
in describing the trajectory of a ball, determining the height of a thrown object and in
optimizing profit for businesses. Also, it is used in number related problem and geometry
related problem. When solving a problem using a quadratic function, it may be necessary to
find the vertex or to describe a section of the parabola.

In this module, you have studied the concepts of quadratic functions. You were
asked to recall properties of quadratic functions and used them to solve real-life problems.
The skills and knowledge you have acquired in this module will help you perform practical
tasks related to quadratic functions. Furthermore, the activities that you have performed will
make you realize the importance of the concept to everyday living.

23
 Assessment: (Post-Test)

Directions: Find out how much you already know about this module. Write the letter that
corresponds to the best answer on your answer sheet. Answer all items. After taking and
checking this short test, take note of the items that you were not able to answer correctly
and look for the answer as you go through in this module.

1. What is the nature of the roots of the quadratic equation if the value of its discriminant
is zero?
a. The roots are not real c. the roots are rational and not equal
b. The roots are irrational and not equal d. the roots are rational and equal
2. What is the axis of symmetry of the parabola y = x2 + 4x + 4?
a. 2 c. -2
b. 4 d. -4
3. What is the axis of symmetry of the parabola y = x2 + 4x + 4?
a. 2 c. -2
b. 4 a. -4
4. Which of the following is a quadratic equation?
c. 3m2 + 5m – 2 c. t2 + 8t – 6 = 0
d. 2m – 3m =2 d. 2x2 + 10x ≥ 7
5. What is the vertex of the parabola y = x2 – 5?
c. (5, 0) c. (0,5)
d. (-5, 0) d. (0, -5)
6. What are the roots of the quadratic equation x2 + x – 20 = 0?
c. 4 and 5 c. 2 and 10
d. -4 and 5 d. 2 and -10
7. How many real roots does the quadratic equation x2 + 5x + 7 = 0 have?
c. 0 c. 2
d. 1 d. 3
8. What is the quadratic function f(x) whose zeros are 2 and -7?
c. f(x)= x2 + 5x -14 c. f(x)= x2 - 5x -14
d. f(x)= x2 - 5x +14 d. f(x)= x2 + 5x +14
2
9. What must be added to x -10x to make it a perfect square trinomial?
c. 5 c. 20
d. 10 d. 25
10. graph of g(x) = -x2 + 2x + 1 opens ______.
c. Upward c. downward
d. To the left d. the right
11. Find two real numbers whose sum is 16 and whose product is a maximum.
a. 6 and 10 c. 9 and 7
b. 8 and 8 d. 5 and 11
12. Find two numbers whose sum is 8 and whose product is a maximum.
a. 4 and 4 c. 2 and 6
b. 3 and 5c. 2 and 6 d. 1 and

24
13. The batter hits the softball and it follows a path in which h is given by h(t) = -8t2
+16t + 5, where t is the time in seconds elapsed since the ball was pitched. What
is the maximum height reached by the softball?
a. 10m c. 12m
b. 11m d.13m
14. What are the dimensions of the largest rectangular field that can be enclosed by
200m of wire?
a. 150m x 50m c. 50m x 50m
b. 100m x100m d. 25m x 25m
15. A man with 160ft. of fencing materials wishes to fence off an area in the shape of
a rectangle. What should be the dimensions of the area if the enclosed space is
to be as large as possible?
a. 20ft. by 20ft. c. 40ft. by 40ft
b. 30ft. by 30ft. d. 80ft. by 80ft.
16. An object is thrown vertically upward with a velocity of 80m/sec. The distance S(t)
above the ground after t seconds is given by the formula S(t) = 80t -5t2 . How long
will it take the object to reach the ground?
a. 4 seconds c. 7seconds
b. 5 seconds d. 8 seconds
17. The perimeter of a rectangle is 38m. Find the dimensions of the rectangle that will
contain the greatest area.
a. 7.5m x 7.5m c. 9.5m x 9.5m
b. 8m x 8m d. 19m x 19m
18. An object is fired straight up with a velocity of 60ft/sec. Its altitude height h after t
seconds is given by h(t) = -15t2 + 60t. When does the projectile hit the ground?
a. 3 seconds c. 5 seconds
b. 4 seconds d. 6 seconds
19. When the movie ticket is Ꝑ180, attendance is 400. For each Ꝑ20 decrease in price,
attendance increases by 100. What is the revenue R as a function of movie ticket
price x?
a. R(x) = (400+100x) (180-20x) c. R(x) = (400x) (180)
b. R(x) = (400+20x) (180-100x) d. R(x) = (180x) (100-x)
20. A store sells school bags and the monthly revenue, R, of this store can be modelled
by the function R(x) = 3000 + 500x – 100x2. What is the maximum revenue?
a. Ꝑ2625 c. Ꝑ4500
b. Ꝑ3625 d. Ꝑ4625

25
 26
Key to Answers
Lesson 1
 What’s In
x 0 1 2 3
y 1 4 9 16
 What’s New
1. Independent Variable 6. Vertex Form
2. Quadratic Function 7. Standard Form
3. Domain 8. Range
4. Table of Values 9. Dependent Variable
5. Quadratic Equation
 What’s More
Activity 1: My Values
A. Step 1: ( -1, 10), (0 , 5), (1, 2)
Step 2: 10 = a(-1)2 + b(-1) + c
10 = a – b + c (1)
5 = a(0)2 + b(0) + c
5 = 0 + 0 + c; c = 5 (2)
2= a(1)2 + b(1) + c
2=a+b+c (3)
Step 3:
10 = a – b + c
10 = a – b + 5
a – b = 10 – 5
a–b=5
a=b+5
2=a+b+5
a + b = -5+ 2
(b + 5) + b = -3
2b + 5 = -3
2b = -3 + -5
2b = -8
8
b=
b = -4
a=b+5
a = -4+ 5
a=1
Step 4. f(x) = x2 – 4x + 5..
B. f(x) = 2x2 + 3x + 7
 What I Have Learned
Activity 2.
f(x) = 4x2 + 4x +1 2. f(x) = x2 + 10x + 24
 27
Lesson 2
 What’s In
1. f(x) = x2 + 7x + 10 2. f(x) = x2 – 1
 What’s New
1. Vertex 4. Minimum point
2. Axis of symmetry 5. Maximum point
3. Parabola 6. Graph
 What’s More
Activity 1: f(x) = x2 – 8x – 10
Activity 2:
𝑥2
1. f(x) = – 2x + 1 2. f(x) = (x + 3)2 + 4
8
 What I have Learned
Activity 3: f(x) = x2 – x
 What I Can Do
1. Activity 4: a. parabola
b. 1, 280/2nd week
c. 8 weeks
d. (2, 1280)
e. f(x) = (x + 3)2 + 4
8
Lesson 3
 What’s In
Activity 1: x = 3 and x = -1
 What’s New
Activity 2: f(x) = x2 – 3x -10
 What’s More
Activity 3: 1. f(x) = x2 – 10x + 24 2. f(x) = x2 + 5x 3. f(x) = x2 – 13x + 42
 What I Have Learned
Activity 4: 1. f(x) = x2 – 7x + 10 2. f(x) = x2 – 49 c. f(x) = x2 – 2x – 24
 What I Can Do
Activity 5: 1. f(x) = 2x2 – 13x + 15 2. f(x) = x2 –4x +1 3. f(x) = x2 + 10x + 9
 28
Lesson 4
 What I Know
1. a 3. b 5. d
2. c 4. d
 What’s In
1.
Width(w) 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Length(l) 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16
Area(A) 60 112 156 192 220 240 252 256
2. 256 m2
3.16m by 16m
4. 2l + 2w = 64
5. I = 32 – w
6. A = 32w – w2
7. The function is quadratic
Inc. 1252 Gregorio Araneta Avenue, Quezon City, (2009).
8. In standard form the area is A = -(w - 16)2 + 256
Dilao, S., et.al. Advanced Algebra, Trigonometry and Statistics.SD Publishing,
9. Let the students draw the graph

10. The coordinates of the vertex is related to the width and the largest area.
Education, (2014).
Bryant, Merden L. et.al. Mathematics 9 Learner’s Material. Department of 
 What’s New
1. 30m 2. 5sec 3. 10sec 4. x = 5 5. (5,30)
DepEd Materials
 What’s More References:
1. Php4900
2. 62500 ft2.
3. b. Php2100
c.R(x) = (60 + 20x) (35 – 5x)
d.Php30
e.Php2500
 What I have learned
1. 6 and 6
2. 5m by 5m
3. a. 5 sec b. 100 ft. c. 2.5 sec
4. a. R(x)= (600+80x) (1000-100x) b. Php600,000 c. Php612,500
 What I Can Do
a – c.
Width(w) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Length(l) 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
Area(A) 19 36 51 64 75 84 91 96 99 100
d. 100m2
e. 10m by 10m
 29
Pre- Assessment
1.
c 6. c 11.a 16. b
2.
d 7. a 12. b 17. c
3.
b 8. d 13. c 18. d
4.
c 9. c 14. c 19. b
5.
d 10. a 15. d 20. a
Post – test
1. d 6. b 11. b 16. d
2. c 7. c 12. a 17. c
3. b 8. c 13. d 18. b
4. c 9. d 14. c 19. a
5. d 10. c 15. c 20. b
References:

DepEd Materials:

Bryant, M., et.al. (2014). Mathematics 9 Learner’s Material. Department of Education.

Dilao, S., et.al., (2009). Advanced Algebra, Trigonometry and Statistics.SD Publishing, Inc.
1252 Gregorio Araneta Avenue, Quezon City.

30
For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

DepEd Division of Cagayan de Oro City

Fr. William F. Masterson Ave Upper Balulang Cagayan de Oro
Telefax: ((08822)855-0048
E-mail Address: cagayandeoro.city@deped.gov.ph