Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Division of Bohol
PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE

Quarter : 1 Week : 2 Day : 1 Activity No. : 1

Competency: : Differentiate the political ideologies (HUMSS_PG12-1b-c-7)
Objective : Describe the different political ideologies - Communism
Topic : The Different Political Ideologies – Communism ((Left Wing)
Materials :
Reference : https://europe.unc.edu/iron-curtain/history/communism-karl-marx-to-joseph-stalin/
https://www.thebalance.com/communism-characteristics-pros-cons-examples-3305589
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-internationalbusiness/chapter/reading-the-benefits-of-
communism/
https://futureofworking.com/6-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-communism/
Copyrights : For classroom use only

Concept Notes:
Communism is a political ideology and type of government in which the state owns the major resources in
a society, including property, means of production, education, agriculture, and transportation. Basically,
communism proposes a society in which everyone shares the benefits of labour equally, and eliminates the class
system through redistribution of income.

Characteristics of Communism in Theory

In the Communist Manifesto, Marx and co-author Friedrich Engels outlined the following points. 2
• Abolition of property in land and application of all rents of land to public purposes
• A heavy progressive or graduated income tax
• Abolition of all right of inheritance and Confiscation of the property of all immigrants and rebels
• Equal liability of all to labour and establishment of industrial armies (especially for agriculture)
• The gradual abolition of the distinction between town and country
• Free education for all children in public schools and abolition of children's factory labour
• Centralization of credit in the hands of the state
• The state would control communication and transportation
• The state factories and instruments of production would cultivate wastelands and improve the soil

Some Advantage of Communism Ideology

• People are equal and competition doesn’t exist
• Every citizen can keep a job
• There is an internally stable economic system.
• Strong social communities are established
• Efficient distribution of resource

Some Disadvantages of Communism Ideology

• The government owns everything, including property, businesses, and production means.
• There is no freedom of speech and no freedom to save money
• The needs of the consumer are not taken into consideration in a communist government.
• Internal balances for supply and demand may be impossible to achieve
• There are strict rules in place that govern the structure of a classless society.
• It is a government structure that comes with high levels of official abuse
• Communism takes a step backward on industrial evolution.
• Opposition is not allowed unless the communist government authorizes it
• Instead of providing wealth, communism often causes poverty.

Activity:
1. Describe in two sentences the Communism Ideology.
2. According to Communism Manifesto, describe in one sentence each the good and the bad things
about communism.
3. Which is the greatest advantage
4. In your analysis, describe the worst disadvantage of Communism to the citizens.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Division of Bohol

PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE

Quarter : 1 Week : 2 Day : 2 Activity No. : 2

Competency: : Differentiate the political ideologies (HUMSS_PG12-1b-c-7)
Objective : Describe the different political ideologies - Socialism
Topic : The Different Political Ideologies – Socialism (Left Wing)
Materials :
Reference : https://www.thebalance.com/socialism-types-pros-cons-examples-3305592
Copyrights : For classroom use only

Concept Notes:
Socialism is an economic system in which the factors of production are valued in relationship to their usefulness to
people. Socialists take into account both individual needs and greater social needs. They allocate resources using central
planning, as in a command economy.1
Types of Socialism
o Democratic Socialism: The means of production are managed by the working people, and there is a democratically
elected government. Democratic planning is used for common goods, such as mass transit, housing, and energy,
while the free market is allowed to produce and distribute consumer goods. 1 1
o Revolutionary Socialism: Socialism will emerge only after capitalism has been overthrown, although the
revolution is not necessarily a violent one. The factors of production are owned by the workers and managed by
them through central planning.1 2 1 3
o Libertarian Socialism: Assumes that the basic nature of people is rational, autonomous, and self-determining.
Once the structures of capitalism have been removed, people will naturally seek a socialist society that takes care of
all, free of economic, political, or social hierarchies. They will see it is the best for their own self-interest.1 4
o Market Socialism: Production is owned by the workers. They decide how to distribute among themselves. They
could sell excess production on the free market. Alternatively, it could be turned over to society, which might
distribute it according to the free market.1 5
o Green Socialism: Highly values the maintenance of natural resources. Public ownership of large corporations
achieves this. Emphasizes public transit and locally sourced food. Production focuses on making sure everyone has
enough of the basic need. This kind of economy guarantees a liveable wage for everyone.1 6
o Christian Socialism: Christian teachings of brotherhood are the same values expressed by socialism. 1 7
o Utopian Socialism: This was more a vision of equality than a concrete plan. The idea arose before massive
industrialization and would have been achieved peacefully through a series of experimental societies. 1 8
o Fabian Socialism: This type of socialism was extolled by a British organization called the Fabian Society in the
late 1900s. It advocated a gradual change to socialism through laws, elections, and other peaceful means. 1 9
Some Advantage of Socialism Ideology
o Workers are no longer exploited because they own the means of production.
o Profits are spread equitably among all workers according to their individual contributions.
o Cooperative system also provides for those who can't work to meet their basic needs for the good of the whole
society. The system eliminates poverty.
o Provides equal access to health care and education.
o Everyone works at what one is best at and what one enjoys.
o Offers higher compensation on the jobs that no one wants. Natural resources are preserved for the good of the
whole.
Some Disadvantage of Socialism ideology
o Relies on the cooperative nature of humans to work.
o Ignores those within society who are competitive and focus on personal gain.
o Harnesses this "Greed is good" drive.
o Doesn't reward people for being entrepreneurial.
o Struggles to be as innovative as a capitalistic society.
o Government has a lot of power and can abuse this position and claim power for themselves.
Activity:
1. In your own opinion, which type of Socialism shows great concern to its citizens? Why?
2. Which advantage of Socialism Ideology can easily be enjoyed by its citizens? In what way?
3. Differentiate the advantages and disadvantages of Communism Ideology with that of Socialism Ideology?
Give two each.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Division of Bohol

PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE

Quarter : 1 Week : 2 Day : 3 Activity No. : 3

Competency: : Differentiate the political ideologies (HUMSS_PG12-1b-c-7)
Objective : Describe the different political ideologies - Liberalism
Topic : The Different Political Ideologies – Liberalism (center)
Materials :
Reference : https://wwwc.prosancons.com/politics/pros-and-cons-of-liberalism/
https://www.civilserviceindia.com/subject/Political-Science/notes/political-
ideologies-liberalism.html
Copyrights : For classroom use only

Concept Notes:

Concept of liberalism:
Liberalism is a group of political, social and economic theories that centres on the values of individual
liberty, equality, economic freedom, limited and democratic government and the rule of law. Generally they
support ideas and programmes such as freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of religion, free
markets, civil rights, democratic societies, secular governments, and international cooperation.

Some Advantages of Liberalism Ideology:

➢ Promotes economic growth
➢ Eliminates slavery
➢ Stable economy
➢ Few regulations
➢ Preserve human rights
➢ Equality
➢ Government involvement
➢ Collective security
➢ Global
➢ Fair competition

Some Disadvantages of Liberalism Ideology:

➢ Unfair business activities
➢ Exploitation of resources
➢ Market
➢ Unfair wages
➢ Over-dependence
➢ Government criticism
➢ Extensive social protection
➢ Unattractive investments
➢ Moral issues
➢ Cultural issues

Activity:
1. In three sentences, describe in your own words the Liberalism Ideology.
2. Differentiate the Ideology of Communism and Liberalism in three sentences.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Division of Bohol