MODULE EMPOWERMENTTECHNOLOGY

CHAPTER4:
ADVANCEDSPREADSHEETSKI
LLS

OBJECTI
VES:
A.Famil
i
arizethemostcommonl yusedfunct
ioni
nMi crosoftExcel
.
B.Useseveralcondi
ti
onalfuncti
onsavail
abl
einMicrosoftExcel.
C.UseMicrosoftExcelasav i
abl
etoolinmarketr
esearchandpr oductdev
elopment
.

Spreadsheets-Aspr eadsheetisanappl i
cationdesignedf ormanagi ngandorganizingt hedat ain
tabul
arformat .
Thi
st ypeofdocumentl et
suser sarrangedat ainrowsandcol umnsofagr id,al
lowi ngthem to
bemani pul
at edandusedi ncal culat
ions.-Eachcel lmaycont aineit
hernumer i
cort extdat a,orthe
resul
tsoff ormulasthataut omatical
lycalculateanddi spl
ayav aluebasedont hecont ent sofother
cell
s.-Spr eadsheetsusef or
mul ast oprocessdat aandper formi ntegr
atedcalcul
ations.They '
re
primari
lyusedi nbusinessf orfinancialst
atement s,butarealsocommonl yusedf orpr oducti
onof
breakdownanal ysesandgr aphs.

Hi
stor
yofSpr
eadsheet
s

1961
ProfessorRi chardMat t
essi chpi oneer edt hedev elopmentofcomput erizedspeadsheet sfor
usei nbusi nessaccount i
ng.Mat tessich'swor kandt hatofot herdev elopersofspr eadsheet son
mai nframecomput er
spr obablyhadl i
ttleposi ti
vei nfluenceonBr ickli
nandFr ankst on.
1978
DanBr icklinhadpr ogrammedt hef i
rstwor kingpr ototypeofhi sconcepti ni ntegerbasic.The
progr am hel peduser sinputandmani pul ateamat r i
xoff i
v ecol umnsand20r ows.
1979
Dani elFy l
stra,foundingAssoci ateEdi torofBy t
eMagazi ne,joinedBr ickli
nandFr ankst onin
dev elopingVi siCal c.Fylst
raandhi sf i
rm Per sonal Software( laterrenamedVi siCorp)beganmar ket
ing
"VisiCalc"wi that easeradi nBy teMagaz ine.Thename" VisiCalc"isacompr essedf or
m oft hephr ase
"vi
siblecal culat or".
1983
Mi t
chKapordev el
opedLot usandhi sspr eadsheetpr ogram qui cklybecamet henewi ndust r
y
spreadsheetst andar d.
1984
Excelwas or igi
nallywr i
tt
en f ort he 512K Appl e Maci ntosh.Excelwas one oft he fir
st
spreadsheet st ouseagr aphicalinterfacewi thpul ldownmenusandapoi ntandcl ickcapabi l
i
t yusing
amousepoi ntingdev i
ce.
1989
Excelwason t hemar ket,bei ng t hef lagshi p productf orWi ndows3. 0.I twast heonl y
spreadsheetdev elopmentf oraqui t eaf ewy ears.
1995
IBM acqui redLot usDev elopmentandMi crosof tExcel isthespr eadsheetmar ketleader.

Micr
osoftExcelisacommer cialspr
eadsheetapplicat
ion,writt
enanddist
ri
but
edbyMi cr
osoftfor
Micr
osoftWindowsandMacOSX.
Attheti
meofwr i
ti
ngthistutor
ialt
heMicrosoftexcelversi
onwas2010forMicrosof
tWindows
and2011f orMacOSX.Mi crosoftExcelisaspr eadsheettoolcapabl
eofperf
ormingcalcul
ati
ons,
 MODULE EMPOWERMENTTECHNOLOGY

analyzingdat
aandint
egr
ati
ngi
nformat
ionf
rom di
ff
erentpr
ograms.Bydef
ault
,documentssavedin
Excel2010ar esav
edwit
hthe.
xlsxext
ensi
onwhereasthefi
leext
ensi
onofthepriorEx
celver
sions
are.xls.

Par
tsofMSExcel
Window

1|
Page
 MODULE EMPOWERMENTTECHNOLOGY

Fi
l
eTab

TheFil
etabrepl
acestheOffi
cebutt
onfr
om Excel2007.Youcancl
icki
ttocheckt
heBackstagev
iew,
whereyoucomewheny ouneedtoopenorsavefil
es,cr
eatenewsheet
s,pr
intasheet
,anddoother
fi
l
e-r
elat
edoperat
ions.

Qui
ckAccessTool
bar

Youwillf
indthi
stool
barj
ustabovetheFi
letabandit
spurposeistoprovi
deaconvenientr
est
ing
pl
acefortheExcel
'
smostfr
equent
lyusedcommands.Youcancust
omizethi
stool
barbasedonyour
comfor
t.

Ri
bbon

Ri
bboncont
ainscommandsor
gani
zedi
nthr
eecomponent
s−

 Tabs−Theyappearacr ossthet opoftheRibbonandcont ai

ngr oupsofrel
atedcommands.
Home, I
nser
t,PageLay outar
et heexamplesofribbontabs.
 Groups−Theyor gani
zer el
atedcommands; eachgr oupnameappear sbel
owthegrouponthe
Ri
bbon.Forexampl e,groupofcommandsr elatedtofontsorgroupofcommandsr elat
edto
al
ignmentetc.
 Commands−Commandsappearwi t
hineachgroupasment i
onedabov e.

Ti
tl
eBar

Thi
sli
esi
nthemi
ddl
eandatt
het
opoft
hewi
ndow.Ti
tl
ebarshowst
hepr
ogr
am andt
hesheett
it
les.

Hel
p

TheHelpIconcanbeusedtogetexcelr
elat
edhel
pany
timey
oul
i
ke.Thi
spr
ovi
desni
cet
utor
ialon
var
ioussubj
ect
srel
atedt
oexcel
.

Zoom Cont
rol

Zoom controlletsyouz oom i

nforacl
oserl
ookaty ourt
ext
.Thezoom cont
rolconsist
sofaslider
thatyoucansl i
deleftorri
ghtt
ozoom i
norout.The+butt
onscanbecl
ickedt
oincreaseordecr
ease
thezoom factor.

2|
Page
 MODULE EMPOWERMENTTECHNOLOGY

Vi
ewBut
tons

Thegroupoft
hreebut
tonslocat
edtothelef
toft
heZoom cont
rol
,neart
hebot
tom oft
hescr
een,
let
s
youswit
chamongexcel'
svari
oussheetvi
ews.

 NormalLayoutview−Thisdi
splay
sthepageinnor
mal vi
ew.
 PageLayoutv i
ew−Thisdispl
ayspagesexact
lyastheywil
lappearwhenpri
nted.Thi
sgi
vesa
ful
lscr
eenlookofthedocument.
 PageBreakview−Thisshowsapr ev
iewofwherepageswil
lbreakwhenpr
int
ed.

SheetArea-Theareawher
eyouenterdata.Thef
lashi
ngverti
calbari
scal
l
edt
hei
nser
ti
onpoi
ntand
i
trepresent
sthel
ocati
onwher
etextwil
lappearwhenyout
y pe.

RowBar-Rowsarenumber
edfr
om 1onwar
dsandkeepsoni
ncr
easi
ngasy
oukeepent
eri
ngdat
a.
Maxi
mum l
imiti
s1,
048,
576r
ows.

Col
umnBar-Columnsarenumberedfrom Aonwar
dsandkeepsonincreasingasyoukeepent
eri
ng
dat
a.Af
terZ,
itwi
ll
star
ttheser
iesofAA,ABandsoon.Maxi
mum li
mitis16,384col
umns.

StatusBar-Thisdisplaysthecurrentstat
usoft heact i
vecelli
nt hewor ksheet.Acellcanbeineither
ofthefoursstates(a)Readymodewhi chindicatesthatthewor ksheeti
sr eadytoacceptuserinpu(b)
Editmodeindicatesthatcell
isediti
ngmode, ifitisnotactiv
atedt heyoucanact i
vateedit
ingmodeby
double-
cli
cki
ngonacel l(c)Acellentersi
ntoEnt ermodewhenausert ypesdataintoacell(d)Point
modet ri
ggerswhenaf ormulai
sbei ngenteredusi ngacellreferencebymousepoi nti
ngorthearrow
keysonthekey board.

Dial
ogBoxLauncher-Thi
sappear
sasaverysmallar
rowinthel
ower-
rightcor
nerofmanygroupson
theRibbon.Cl
i
cki
ngthi
sbutt
onopensadi
alogboxortaskpanet
hatprovidesmoreopt
ionsaboutt
he
group.

Forf
urt
herdi
scussi
onpl
easer
efert
othel
i
nkpr
ovi
ded:

htt
ps:/
/www.googl
e.com/url
?sa=t
&sour
ce=web&r
ct=j
&ur
l=ht
tps:
//www.
tutor
ial
spoi
nt.
com/
excel
/i
ndex.
htm&v
ed=2ahUKEwi
c0PHXpP_ oAhWZH3AKHRdtB3kQFj
AAegQI
BRAD&usg=AOv Vaw1FPKI
mE6AJDBwsTXT8txTC

Howspr
eadsheet
swor
k

Eachworksheetappear
sasagr id,
inwhicheachrowisrepresent
edbyanumberandeachcol umnis
repr
esentedbyalett
erascendi
ngalphabet
icall
yfr
om l
eftt
or i
ght.Thespacesthatholdit
emsofdat
a
arecal
ledcel
ls.Rowsandcolumnsarelabeledtogi
veeachcellacell
addressorref
erence.
3|
Page
 MODULE EMPOWERMENTTECHNOLOGY

I
tisal
sopossi
bletoref
ertoar angeofcel
l
scoll
ecti
vel
y.Thi
sismostl
ydonewheny ouwantt
o
i
ncl
udear
angeofval
uesinanoperati
on,
sayt
hesum orav
erageoft
hesel
ect
edval
ues.

For
mul
asunderSpr
eadsheet
s

•Aspreadsheetcanal
sobesetupwi
thanequat
iont
oper
for
minv
olv
ingasetofdat
a.Thi
sis
accompl
i
shedbyusingf
ormul
as.

•Formulasinaspr
eadsheetar
egeneral
l
ymathequati
onsandcanbetai
lor
edtoaspeci
fi
csetofdata.
Theformulasaref
ormedbyt el
li
ngthespr
eadsheetpr
ogr
am whatcell
stousewhencalcul
ati
ngthe
equati
on.

•Theequal
sign(
=)i
susedt
ost
artupanequat
ion.

Ar
it
hmet
icoper
ator
s•Thear
it
hmet
icoper
ator
s,i
nor
derofpr
ecedence,
are:
.

^Exponent
iat
ion,
-Negat
ion,
*/Mul
ti
pli
cat
ionanddi
vi
sion,
+-Addi
ti
onandsubt
ract
ion.

For
mul
asunderSpr
eadsheet
s

Relat
ionaloperator
s-Relat
ionaloperat
orscomparetwonumbersortwost
ri
ngs.Ther esul
tisa
l
ogicalvalueexpressedasanumber ,ei
ther1(=TRUE)
,or0(=FALSE)
.Ther
elat
ionaloper
ator
s,i
n
orderofprecedence,ar
e:

=Equal
i
ty <>I
nequal
i
ty

<Lesst
han >Gr
eat
ert
han

<=Lesst
hanorequal
to >=Gr
eat
ert
hanorequal
to

Adv
ancedandcompl
exf
ormul
asandcomput
ati
ons

•Aspreadsheetmaybeabl
etohandl
enotonl
yaser i
esofarit
hmet
icoper
ati
onsbutal
soasetof
compl
exfuncti
onsandf
ormul
ast
oarri
veatt
heexpect
edresul
t.

TheVLOOKUPf
ormul
ahasf
ourcomponent
s:

4|
Page
 MODULE EMPOWERMENTTECHNOLOGY

•Lookup_value
•Table_
ar r
ay
•Col_
index_num
•Range_lookup

Adv
ancedandcompl
exf
ormul
asandcomput
ati
ons

•Aspr
eadsheeteval
uat
esthesour
ceagai
nstt
hecr
it
eri
a,andr
etur
nsav
aluei
fthel
ogi
cal
testi
s“t
rue”
andadi
ff
erentval
uefor“f
alse”
.

•Theel
ement
s“v
alue_
if_
true”and“
val
ue_
if_
fal
se”maybeast
ati
cval
ueoranot
herf
ormul
a.

•Upt
o7f
unct
ionsmaybenest
edt
ocr
eat
esomev
eryel
abor
atet
est
s.

•I
f,Counti
f,andSumi
fperfor
mt helogi
calt
estusingsingl
ecr
it
eri
a.Count
if
s,andSumi
fsper
for
mthe
l
ogi
caltestonarangeofcell
sthatmeetmulti
plecri
ter
ia.

•IFfuncti
onisst
rai
ght
for
ward.Thereferencecel
listest
edagai
nstcr
it
eri
aandwi
l
lret
urnav
alueor
perf
orm anot
herf
uncti
oni
fthetestr
eturnstrueorf
alse.

•Sy
ntax
:IF(
logi
cal
_test
,val
ue_
if_
true,
val
ue_
if_
fal
se)

•Inthi
sexampl e,wearetest
ingagai
nstt
hewi
dthofabook.I
fthewidt
hisunder.
375in(
3/8i
n),
the
bookr equi
resapamphl etbi
nding(pam)
.Ift
hewidt
hwer eequalorover.
375in,t
hebookwould
requi
relibr
arybi
nding(
LB).

•A si
ngl
ear
rayf
ormul
acanper
for
mthousandsofcal
cul
ati
onsandr
epl
acehundr
edsofusual
f
ormul
as.

•Supposingy ouhave2columnsofnumber s,col

umnAandB.Andyouwanttoknow how many
ti
mescolumnBi sgr
eatert
hanorequaltocolumnAwhenaval
uei
ncol
umnBisgreat
erthan0.Thi
s
taskrequir
escompar i
ngtwor angesandy oucandothi
sbyusingthef
oll
owi
ngar r
ayf or
mula:
=SUM((B2:B10>=A2:
A10)*(B2:
B10>0))

5|
Page
 MODULE EMPOWERMENTTECHNOLOGY

St
ati
sti
cal
funct
ionsAv
erageFunct
ion

Mean•Oneoft
hemostusedstat
isti
calfunct
ionsi
sMean.Meani
ssimpl
ytheaver
ageofallt
hedat
a,
sowecansi
mplyuset
heAver
agef uncti
onandselectt
her
angewhi
chneedstobeaver
aged.

Median•Mediani
safunct
ionwhi
chisusedtof
indthemiddl
enumberi
nagi v
enrangeofnumber
s.In
spr
eadsheet
,youcansimplyusetheMedianfunct
ionandsel
ecttherangeandy ouwil
lfi
ndyour
median.

Mode•Modehel psyout
ofi
ndoutt heval
uethatoccursmostnumberoft
imes.Tof
indt
hemost
occur
ri
ngv
alue,
usetheMODEfunct
ionandsel
ecttherangey
ouwanttofi
ndt
hemodeof.

Char
tsandGr
aphs

•Whenaspreadsheetcont
ainsasetofdataor
gani
zedwit
hinwor
ksheets,
youcanrepr
esentthi
sdat a
i
naf or
m ofachart.Thiswi
llall
owuserstovi
ewdatainamannereasytounderst
and.Spreadsheet
pr
ogramsoff
erautomatedtoolsfort
ransf
ormi
ngdataset
sint
ographsandchar
ts.

Part
sofaGr aph
•Allgr
aphshavedi
ff
erentpar
tst
hatenhancest
hewaypeopl
emayunder
standt
hei
l
lust
rat
ion:
•Tit
le
•Labels
•Scale
•Key/Legend

Di
ff
erentTy
pesofGr
aph

Wehavedif
fer
entt
ypesofchar
tst
hatusermaybeabl
etousedependi
ngont
het
ypeofdat
atobe
r
epr
esent
edorthemanneronhowt
heusershoul
dpr
esentt
hem

Piechart-isaci r
cul
artypeofchartwherei
ndat
aarerepresentedbysl
ices.I
tisgener
all
yusedto
show per
centageorproporti
onaldat
aandusuall
ythepercentagerepr
esentedbyeachcategor
yis
prov
idednexttothecorr
espondingsl
iceofpi
e.

6|
Page
 MODULE EMPOWERMENTTECHNOLOGY

Barchar
t-i
sat
ypeofr
epr
esent
ati
onwher
eeachdat
aisr
epr
esent
edbyei
therahor
izont
alorv
ert
ical
bar
.

Li
negraph-i saty
peofgr
aphwher
ethecor
respondi
ngdat
aisr
epr
esent
edbydot
sthatar
e
i
nter
connect
edbyal
ine.

Scat
terchar
t-ar
eal
mostsi
mil
arwi
thl
i
negr
aphsexceptt
hatt
hedot
sar
enotconnect
edwi
theach
7|
Page
 MODULE EMPOWERMENTTECHNOLOGY

ot
her
.Thi
sty
peofchar
tisbestusedt
oshowt
hecor
rel
ati
onofv
ari
abl
es.

Forf
urt
herdi
scussi
onpl
easer
efert
othel
i
nkpr
ovi
ded:

ht
tps:
//www.
yout
ube.
com/
play
li
st?
li
st=PLWPi
rh4EWFpEpO6Nj
j
WLbKSCb-
wx3hMql

ht
tps:
//www.
tut
ori
alspoi
nt.
com/
excel
/i
ndex.
htm

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Page