Name:PUGONG,MARK TIMMANGO

Course:BSA-1A
Date of submission: OCTOBER 13,2021
Submitted to: SIR.VINCENT MAYAM-O

Instruction: Identify and fill in the blanks.

PHILIPPINE MILITARY HISTORY

1. BRIEF HISTORY OF THE AFP

Pre-Spanish Occupation
The first recorded organized resistance against foreign aggressor took place in
the Visayas during the BATTLE OF MACTAN ON APRIL 27 1521 when the native
chieftain named Lapu-lapu, the acknowledge father of the AFP fought against the
Spaniards led by Magellan in the latter’s effort to subdue the former. Lapu-lapu refused
to pay homage to the King of Spain. Under estimating the capability of the natives, the
foreigners lost in the battle and _MAGELLAN GOT KILLED_.

Spanish Occupation
Some islands of the archipelago were successfully occupied by the Spaniards. In
1570, they tried to land in Manila, however,MUSLIM LEADER,RAJAH
SULIMAN_resisted their effort. In 1571, Legaspi conquered Manila and made it as the
capital of the Philippines.
Pockets of rebellion took place. Notable of which was the uprising led by Diego
Silang where he displayed his exemplary military leadership style and tactics in
defeating the Spaniards.
The Filipino soldiers were also organized to fight for Spain and to support some
expeditions. Filipino forces were also sent to reinforce Spanish troops during the
Chinese revolt in 1603.
General Jose Prim Dethroned Queen Isabela II of Spain in 1868. The latter
espoused liberal principles of democracy. This paved the way for the exposure of the
Filipinos in foreign culture leading to the development of strong sense of nationalism
among Filipinos. The works of famous propagandists GRACEANO LOPEZ JAENA,
MARCELO L. DEL PILAR, JOSE RIZAL further nurtured the national spirit. Andres
Bonifacio, who is considered as the father of the Philippine Army, founded a more
radical group called the “Katipunan” on 7 Jul 1892. In August 23, 1896, the ___CRY OF
PUGAD LAWIN____ signaled the start of the Philippine Revolution against Spain. This
was followed by pockets of rebellion which inflicted so much loss to the Spaniards.
While Katipunan was gaining strength, two factions emerged ,THE MAGDALO,LED BY
AGUINALDO;AND MAGDIWANG,LED BY BONIFACIO__________. On 22 Mar 1897,
the Tejeros Convention was called to resolve the conflict between the two factions. As a
result, Aguinaldo won the presidency. The occasion also gave birth to the Philippine
Army.
 American Influence
As the war broke out between the United States and Spain on April 23, 1898, the
Americans convinced the Filipinos to cooperate with the Americans against Spain with
the promise that the United States will grant independence to the Philippines.
Aguinaldo declared war against Spain. In JUNE 12, 1898, the Philippine Independence
from Spain was declared in Kawit, Cavite.Later on, the Philippine Navy was created 22
June 22, 1898 by the Revolutionary Army.
The occupation of the American forces did not gain much acceptance from the
Filipinos because of many restrictions imposed to the Filipino forces as to access to
some areas. The harse treatment by the Americans ignited the conflict between them
and the Filipinos. The latter were defeated which led to the fall of the MalolosRepublic.
With the TREATY OF PARIS, Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States.
Finding the archipelago as a lucrative place for some economic activities, the United
States strengthened their presence in the Philippines. This prompted the Filipinos to
again unite and fight for the freedom they have just won. Significant battles followed suit
exemplifying the fighting spirit and skills of the Filipino soldiers against formidable
opponents. The capture of General Aguinaldo by the Americans in Palanan, Isabela in
March 23, 1901 and the laying down of arms of General Malvar in April 16, 1902 ended
the organized resistance against the American forces.
To hasten the Philippine campaign and to establish peace and order, an insular
police force known as the Philippine Constabulary was organized on August 8, 1901
followed by the establishment of the Philippine Military Academy on February 7, 1905.
On December 21, 1935, the NATIONAL DEFENCE ACT was enacted which
officially created the Armed Forces of the Philippines. The Philippine Air Force was
later established on July 1, 1947

The Japanese Occupation

Consequent to the declaration of war by Japan with the United States, the
invading Japanese Forces landed in VIGAN AND APPARI in Luzon on December 10,
1945. Un-able to withstand the very strong adversary and to save more lives and
properties from destruction, the combined military forces of the United States and the
Filipinos withdrew to Bataan for the implementation of War Plan Orange. Un-abated
Japanese strikes caused the FALL OF BATAAN ON APRIL 9 AND FALL OF
COREGIDOR ON MAY 6 1942.These events ended the organized resistance against
the Japanese invasion.
The defeat of the Fil-Am forces did not end the armed struggle in the Philippines.
Those who refused to surrender went underground and waged a guerilla fighting
against the Japanese. The activities of the guerilla forces were very instrumental in the
successful come back of the liberating US Forces under THE LEADERSHIP OF
GENERAL DOUGLAS MACARTHUR ,who landed in Leyte on October 20, 1944.

International Peace Keeping Operations

 It is also noteworthy that the AFP had participated in international peace keeping
efforts as its commitment to the United Nations such as the PHILIPPINES
EXPEDITIONARY FORCES TO KOREA (PEFTOK) in the early 50’s, the Philippine Air
Force Contingent in Congo, Africa in the early 60’s and the Philippine Civic Action
Group (PHILCAG) in South Vietnam in the 60’s. Philippine contingents were also sent to
East Timor, Iraq and Liberia to participate in UN peace keeping operations.
2. EVOLUTION AND ROLE OF THE ROTC IN THE PREVIOUS WARS
The Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) program has gone a long way in the
Philippine history. The COMMONWEALTH ACT NUMBER 1 otherwise known as the
National Defense Act provided the legal basis for the conduct of ROTC instruction, the
need for a citizen reserve force had been realized as early as before the American
occupation of the Philippines. In fact, it was utilized even during the long and arduous
Spanish colonial rule in the archipelago. A military training course, that time, became
inevitable in the light of the constant
As the result of the so called Seven Year’s War in Europe between FRANCE
AND GREAT BRITAIN_, a British flotilla of thirteen ships, headed by Admiral Samuel
Cornish and General William Draper, arrived in the Colony on September 22,1762. The
Philippines got entangled in this European power struggle because the monarchs of
Spain and France both belonged to the Bourbon Dynasty. On the one side where the
combined French and Spanish forces together with their colonies; on the other, the
rising tide of British colonialism in Asia. In retaliation for this entanglement, a military
expedition from Madras was sent to India, then a British colony.
Spanish authorities in the colony were ill- prepared for such kind of international
assault. During this tumultuous period, the Philippines was headed by Archbishop
Manuel Rojo, a situation clearly indicative of the unstable political situation in the
archipelago. Father Domingo Collantes, OP, Rector and chancellor of the University of
Sto Tomas, organized a group of around two hundred (200) students from UST and
Colegio de San Juan de Letran who underwent military training at Sto Tomas Plaza in
Intramuros, Manila. FATHER COLLANTES was assisted by a sergeant in the Royal
Spanish Army in setting up a battalion of young students for military instruction.
These students were immediately sent to action together with 500
Hispano-Filipino regulars (in the King’s Regiment) and 80 Filipinos to counter the 7000
strong BRITISH REGIMENT. Though obviously mismatched against the British force,
the ragtag force assembled by Spanish authorities was able to somehow temporarily
ward - off the advancing enemies. Their skirmish lasted for five days, and the defenders
suffered much in terms of the number of casualties and injuries. Realizing the futility of
continuous fighting, Governor-Archbishop Rojo surrendered Manila and Cavite to
Lieutenant General Dawsonne Drake on October 6, 1762. Though not so well known in
the Philippine history, our country did become a British colony for a while until June
1764. With the signing of the TREATY OF PARIS on February 10, 1763, the Seven
Year’s War ended and the British consequently left the archipelago for good.
Despite this debacle, the Spanish king duly recognized the courage and bravery
these students exhibited in the battlefield. Henceforth, he granted the prestigious titles
‘MUY LIAL ‘(very loyal) to these young defenders and ‘regalia’ (royal) to the institution to
which most of them belonged. Up until this day, the ‘muy leal’ emblem remains part of
the UST ROTC seal. A testament to the unwavering valor and the commendable spirit
once shown in the face of seemingly insurmountable adversity.
Exactly one hundred fifty years later after 1762, various colleges and universities
in the Philippines would offer military training for their students. According to Brigadier
General Jose Syjuco, author of the Military education in the Philippines, most military
historians marked the year 1912 as the beginning of the genuine ROTC instruction in
the country. In that year, the Philippine Constabulary (PC) started conducting military
instructions at the University of the Philippines (UP) on the old Padre Faura Campus. All
able- bodied male students in all colleges, institutes, and schools of the university were
required to undergo military training that focused initially on infantry and use of rifles.
Appointed as the first military instructor was CAPTAIN SILVINO GALLARDO, who
assumed office in the first semester of 1912. The need for reserve officer was further
realized with the advent of the First World War in Europe, even though the Philippines
had no direct military participation in that international squabble.
In 1912, during the AMERICAN REGIME, UP and Ateneo de Manila started to
offer military training. But their graduates could not find a career in military unless they
joined the PC or the Philippine Scouts (PS). Governor General Leonard Wood
encouraged the development of ROTC units, which were quite similar to those he had
organized in the United States, in the Philippines. With representation from the UP
Board of Regents to the US War Department, the services of an American Army officer
was obtained. This officer was later appointed as professor of Military Science.
On March 17, 1922, the Department of Military Science and Tactics (DMST) was
formally organized in UP. Among the department’s objectives were to: 1) develop
patriotic, physically sound, upright and disciplined citizens; 2) create a corps of trained
officers for the reserve force; and 3) take the lead in fostering the university spirit. On
July 3, 1922, with the first ROTC unit in the country having been organized, formal
military instruction began in UP. Since then, basic course in infantry became compulsory
and a pre-requisite for graduation from the university. On October 26, 1929, the field
artillery unit of UP was organized with the issuance of 75mm field guns. In 1935, a
mounted battery unit, equipped with 2.95-inch guns was also put in place.
As a result of these encouraging events, other colleges and universities in Manila
followed suit. Ateneo de Manila, National University, Liceo de Manila, and San Juan de
Letran later formed their ROTC units. These units remained independent from one
another until 1936, when Office of the Superintendent (of ROTC units) of the Philippine
Army was activated to supervise all ROTC units in the country.
Under the American tutelage, COMMONWEALTH ACT NUMBER ONE provided
the legal basis for the mandatory citizen military training in the Philippines. The
country’s national defense plan was put into motion by the combined efforts of General
Douglas McArthur and Manuel Quezon. The defense plan envisioned an organization
on citizen army consisting of two major components: 1) a regular force of about 10,000
men (including PC) and 2) a reserve force to number 400,000 by end of ten-year
period. The second component was to be accomplished by way of continuing program
to train 21-year old able bodied men for a period of more than five months. Quezon
personally hand-picked BY GENERAL MACARTHUR__ to become the military adviser
of the Commonwealth, with the responsibility of formulating the Philippine Defense
system. (Quezon later conferred the status of “Field Marshall”, the highest military rank
known in international usage, on McArthur). At the opening session of the National
Assembly on November 26, 1935, Quezon re-iterated the need for a defense plan.
According to him “Self-defense is the supreme right of mankind no more sacred to the
individual than to the nation, the interests of which are immeasurably of greater
significance and extent . . . In my opinion, the plan reflects the lessons of history, the
conclusion of the acknowledge masters of warfare and of statesmanship, and the
sentiments and aspirations of the Filipino people. It is founded upon enduring principles
that are fundamental to any plan applicable to our needs,”
On December 21, 1935, the National Assembly approved the plan amid
criticisms it received and the strict opposition mounted by several lawmakers namely
Juan Sumulong and Camilo Osias, and former President Emilio Aguinaldo. One
important provision of the plan stated the “at such universities and colleges as the
President may designate, there SHALL BE ESTABLISHED AND MAINTAIN ROTC units
of such arm and service as he shall specify, where every physically fit student shall be
required to pursue a course of military instruction. . “ROTC units in various universities
and colleges, therefore became source of reserve officers. However, a major concern
was that these units had yet to be standardized (although most were yet to be formally
recognized). UP’s ROTC was the first to be officially recognized; the ROTC units of
Letran, UST, De la Salle, Adamson, Philippine Normal School, the Philippine School of
Arts and Trades, San Beda and Siliman were likewise given recognition. By 1937, the
Philippine government had established and recognized seventeen ROTC, most of them
infantry units. UP had a field artillery unit aside from an infantry unit; Adamson and the
Quisumbing schools had chemical warfare units. Furthermore, UP also served as the
training ground for ROTC instructors and a source of basic ROTC training policies.
Under the system, MALE STUDENTS HAD TAKE A 2-YEAR BASIC TRAINING
and attend training on weekends. Those students desiring reserve commission could
attend two more years of advanced weekend training. Completion of the advanced
course made one eligible for a reserve officer commission. However, mandatory training
was not instituted in all colleges. As result, students who did not want to undergo
military training simply opted to transfer to schools who did not have ROTC units. To
resolve the issue, President Quezon issued Executive Order No. 207. By virtue of this
directive, ROTC became compulsory in all colleges and universities with enrollment of a
hundred students or more. This action taken by Quezon was partly in response to the
protest launched by some schools that their enrollment had dropped due to the
institution of ROTC units. By 1941, there were around thirtythree colleges and
universities throughout the country that maintained ROTC units. However, all of these
schools closed down during the Japanese incursion in the Philippines.
Japan’s misadventure in the Philippines had ended, but the service rendered to
the nation by the heroic men of ROTC has turned into a life-long commitment. Even
during the post war era, UP ROTC graduates exhibited here and abroad meritorious
deeds in the service of the Filipino people. On the one hand, they became part of the
government’s effort to solve the problem of insurgency in the country; on the other, they
manned the contingency forces that were sent at the height of the Korean (1950) and
Vietnam (1964) wars.
Less than seventy years have passed since the inception of student military
training in various colleges and universities throughout the country. Times have
changed and the ROTC program has been placed in constant scrutiny, especially in
terms of significance to the importance in today’s reality.
 It drew a number of problems and subsequent protests not only from the student
sector but also from the school administration and the parents of the students who view
the program as militarization. The strongest clamor for its abolition occurred in
__MARCH 2001_ as a consequence of the death of University of Santo Tomas ROTC
MARK WELSON CHUA who was allegedly hazed by senior ROTC cadets for his
expose’ of several malpractices in the ROTC program. This incident was exploited by
some leftist organizations who staged rallies demanding the abolition of the ROTC. This
clamor prompted both Houses to file separate bills on the ROTC program. The House
of Representatives filed House Bill Number 3593 and The Senate filed Senate Bill
Number 1824 which led to the enactment of REPUBLIC ACT 9163,A.K.A, THE
NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINIING PROGRAM ACT OF 2001
_______________________________________________________, making the
ROTC as just one of the three components of the NSTP where the students can choose
from. The ROTC training period was also reduced from two years to _1 YEAR.
Students can also select any component of the NSTP, thus making ROTC optional.
Female students are also required to undergo NSTP as a prerequisite for graduation for
a baccalaureate degree or two-year vocational courses.
The NSTP has three (3) components namely: the ROTC, which is designed to
provide military training to students to prepare for national defense, the Department of
National Defense (DND) is the lead agency in the implementation of the ROTC
component, LITERACY TRAINING SERVICE (LTS), which is designed to train students
to become teachers to school children, out of school youth and other segments of the
society who are in dire need of their service, the Commission on Higher Education
(CHED) is the lead agency in the implementation of the LTS component and the CIVIC
WORK TRAINING SERVICE(CWTS), which will involve the students to activities to
contribute to general welfare and betterment of life, the Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority (TESDA) is the lead agency in the implementation of CWTS
component. The students can select any of the three (3) components as a requirement
for their baccalaureate degree or two-year vocational course.
Prior to the implementation of the NSTP, the ROTC was a two-year mandatory
training for male college students and also a requisite for graduation in college.
Through the years the enrollment had gone down tremendously. The program also
experienced steady deterioration essentially due to issues and concerns which include
among others graft and corruption, lack of competent, dedicated and committed
instructors and higher student-instructor ratio. Moreover, students do not appreciate the
Program as shown by the high rate of students dropping out or deferring the ROTC
training while many have decided to enroll in the other two components. This has
significantly reduced the number of our reserve force pool who are not only to be readily
available in case of war or national emergency but also to perform relief and rescue
tasks when needed.
As of today, many concerned citizens and school administrators and legislators
alike are advocating for the enhancement of the ROTC program by making the same
compulsory to state colleges and universities. The Armed Forces of the Philippines is
fully supporting this effort. The advocacy is based on the perceived decline in the
appreciation of the youth on the value of patriotism and good citizenship.
 AFP CORE VALUES

1. The AFP Core of Values

a. HONOR
The members of the AFP believe in honor as the most important virtue
that a soldier must possess. It is in fact considered as more precious than life itself.
Without honor, a man is nothing but a beast. Honor means clean consciousness,
personal dignity, good reputation, unquestionable character. Honor means truthfulness,
sincerity, honesty, credibility. Honor means INTEGRITY, a modest but decent life. A
honorable soldier does not lie, cheat, steal, violate moral and ethical codes not tolerate
the violations of the code of honor is the sacred part of the character of a soldier,
violation of which should bring shame.
b. LOYALTY
The members of the AFP believe in unflinching loyalty. Thus we shall
promote the national interest and security as a paramount concern. We shall support
and defend the constitution. We shall be obedient to the duly constituted government.
We shall obey the order of those legally appointed over us. We shall support those who
lead us and those who serve with us.
c. VALOR
We believe in valor as the power and strength, courage and ability to
overcome fear, which enables the soldiers to carry out their mission and to accomplish
what is seemingly impossible. It is more than bravery or ability to endure pain. Valor is
calmness and presence of mind in the heat of battle where danger or death is imminent.
It is the courage to stand for what is right and the perseverance to make it difficult for
others to do wrong.
d. DUTY
 Despite difficulty and danger, we perform our tasks as order or implied.
Discipline and obedience, we believe that duty is a personal act of responsibility, which
we show by doing all our assigned tasks to the best of our ability.
e. SOLIDARITY
Solidarity is the value that binds us with the rest of our comrades-in-arms.
It is the value that makes us one strong and united organization.

2. Military Culture, Customs and Traditions and Core Philosophies

a. The AFP Organization
The AFP Organization proves that the AFP should be organized in such manner
that it can function effectively to accomplish its mission with minimum cost and
maximum result. The AFP Organization must also promote the active participation of
the people in the defense of the state and in civil assistance projects during disaster and
calamities and national emergencies. This is to avoid creation and manning of new units
that merely duplicates the function of another unit or office, if only to give positions to
the favored general officers or senior field grade officers who have no significant
assignments or if only to generate funds which will be divested for personal use of the
proponents at the expense of the government. The creation of CAFGU Active auxiliary,
the bantay-bayan and the civilian volunteer organization, not to mention the
development of our reserve units in all the 13 regions of the country are some
organizational reforms embodied in the AFP Organization.
b. SUPREMACY OF CIVILIAN AUTHORITY
Supremacy of civilian authority emphasizes the legal and moral obligation of the
soldier as an ordinary citizen of the republic to obey the laws, carryout directives and
subscribe to regulations enacted and issued by the legislative judicial and executive
branches of the civil government.
c. Chain of Command
CHAIN OF COMMAND deals on the generally accepted principles that a military
action being executed should pass the approval or consent of the Commander at each
level or echelon of command from lowest to highest without bypassing any approving
authority or taking the action upon one’s self as his prerogative.
d. Military Leadership
MILITARY LEADERSHIP summarizes the significant role of a military leader or
Commander to influence his men to carry out its mission, perform assigned tasks or
fulfill its obligations and functions.
e. PEOPLE’S SUPPORT
People’s support is a statement of the acknowledgement by the AFP of the vital
importance of people’s support to achieve peace and order. To get people’s support,
the members of the AFP should exercise prudence and justice when dealing with the
civilians. The soldiers should respect and protect the rights of the people, their beliefs,
ways of life and living conditions.
f. National Development
 The AFP must be a catalyst of change, reform and development. It must actively
participate in endeavors that will contribute to national progress.
g. Partisan Politics
The members of the AFP shall not engage in partisan politics. Its involvement
shall be limited only to the exercises of his right to vote the candidate of his choices and
to assist in ensuring a clean and honest election.
h. DEMOCRACY
The AFP adheres to the principles of democracy. It believes that the Philippine
Government is the embodiment of the Filipino people’s will and was established to
protect their inherent rights and to fulfill their aspirations as a nation.
i. National Interest
The AFP realizes that the protection of national interest is for the common good
of the people. In accomplishing the mission given to AFP it shall keep in mind that
national interests is of paramount concern and must be enhanced and protected.
j. PEACE
The AFP believes that program and development can only be attained if there is
stability, peace and order.

k. War
The AFP believes that WAR OR HE USE OF FORCE against the enemy of the
state shall be resorted to only when all the peaceful means shall have failed and no
other option is left to resolve the conflict.
l. Use of Armed Force
When implementing government policies pertaining to security, the AFP must act
with restraint as far as use of force is concerned. When the use of arms is necessary, it
must have the authority of the duly established government.
m. SOCIAL JUSTICE
The members of the AFP shall be instrument in the promotion of social justice. It
shall subscribe to the generally accepted principle that all men are created equal and
every citizen must be given the same rights and opportunities in life and equal
protection from the government.
n. Human Rights
The members of the AFP shall respect the inherent rights of an individual as a
“human being”. In the performance of its mission, the troops must see to it that the
LIVES AND PROPERTIES OF NON-COMMANDANTS AND INNOCENT CIVILIANS
are well protected.
o. Enemies of the State
The AFP shall consider the following as enemies of the state:
 1) Those who shall VIOLATE THE SOVEREIGNTY of the Philippines
such as foreign aggression whose intention is to occupy and control the national
territory or part thereof.
2) Those who RESORT TO VIOLENCE as a means to achieve their
ends such as CPP/NPA/Guerillas.
3) Those who SHALL NOT ACCEPT THE SUPREMACY OF
CIVILIAN AUTHORITY over the military, such as the coup plotters and participants.
4) Those who shall DISMEMBER THE COUNTRY or any part thereof,
such as the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) and other secessionist groups.
5) Those who shall ENGAGE IN ORGANIZED CRIMES, such as
gambling syndicates, drug pushers, gun runners, hired killers.
6) Those who shall ORGANIZE THE POPULACE FOR THE
PURPOSE OF ALIENATING THEIR ALLEGIANCE FROM THE STATE such as the
national democratic front and the sectoral organizations under its umbrella.
p. Professionalism
MILITARY PROFESSIONALISM is the heart and soul of the whole AFP code of
ethics. It emphasizes that being public servants, we in the AFP area expected to
perform our duties and responsibilities with utmost competence and efficiency. Our right
to bear arms as one of the peculiarities of the military service calls for the assurance to
the people that their safety, protection and welfare shall be our paramount concern.
The people expect the AFP to perform its tasks as mandated by the
constitution with the highest degree of excellence by applying expertly the basic and
specialized skills of soldiery while adhering strictly with the code of ethics and all laws
and statutes of the land.

q. Standards
1) Standard of Loyalty
All military personnel shall be LOYAL AND TRUE to the Republic of the
Philippines, the constitution, the AFP and to the people. We are loyal to the republic
when we serve its interest and protect its territorial integrity against the enemy, even if it
shall cost our lives.
2) Standard of Competence
All military must be competent in the performance of his duties. By competence
means the ability or capability to do what is expected him to do and to do it well.
3) Standard of Ethics
Every soldier must CONFORM TO THE ACCEPTED PRINCIPLE OF RIGHT
CONDUCT, being observed in the society which he is a part, from being a soldier, he is
also a citizen of the community, because the military community is only a part of a larger
society – the “Filipino society”

4) Standard of Morals
The soldier must be aware that he has the capacity to distinguish between what
is right and what is wrong. TO BE MORAL IS TO DO WHAT IS RIGHT AND TO AVOID
THE WRONG DEEDS.
 r. Unprofessional Acts

These behaviors that fall short of the professional standards as enumerated in

the AFP code of ethics are considered unprofessional acts.

1) Acts of Disloyalty
We are disloyal when we do something or refuse to do something that constitute
betrayal of our country and people, non-support to our duly constituted government and
disregard to the AFP chain of Command. Some disloyal acts are COWARDICE IN THE
FACE OF THE ENEMIES,ABANDONMENT OF POST,DISRESPECTING YOUR
SUPERIORS,BYPASSING THE CHAIN OF COMMANDS,AWOL,AND
INSUBORDINATION.
2) Acts of Incompetence
We are incompetent when we lack the required knowledge, skills, physical
attributes and character traits necessary for the adequate performance of duty and
accomplishment of mission.
3) Unethical Acts
Unethical acts are THE DEVIATIONS FROM THE ESTABLISHED AND
ACCEPTED ETHICAL AND MORAL STANDARDS OF BEHAVIOR AND
PERFORMANCE laid down in the AFP code of ethics. Some of these unethical acts
are using government time for outside employment, sideline, position or authority,
unwarranted assertion or rank, tolerating irregularities in the military service, etc.
4) Corrupt Acts
Corrupt acts are __CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC INTEREST______, public
morals, property, chastity, civil status of person and honor. We are corrupt when we are
dishonest, unjust and commit moral acts.