International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and

Science (IJAERS)
Peer-Reviewed Journal
ISSN: 2349-6495(P) | 2456-1908(O)
Vol-8, Issue-5; May, 2021
Journal Home Page Available: https://ijaers.com/
Article DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.85.49

Flood Disaster Risk Assessment Based on Fuzzy

Information Optimization Method in Limbe Town,
Cameroon
Tchoudjin Tchagna Abdou Franklin1, Xue Ye2

1
College of Economics And Management, Taiyuan University of Technology, china.
2Associate Professor, College of Economics And Management, Taiyuan University of Technology, china.

Received: 09 Mar 2021;
Received in revised form:
19 Apr 2021;
Accepted: 12 May 2021;
Available online: 31 May 2021
©2021 The Author(s). Published by AI
Publication. This is an open access article
under the CC BY license
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Keywords— Flood risk;Flood damage; Fuzzy
information optimization; Cameroon.
Abstract— Cameroon like many other countries is a victim of the negative
externalities of flood disaster. The alarming record register by the report
of the international Emergency disaster database discloses the undesirable
consequences of natural disaster on the economy of the country. Flood risk
has escalated in Limbe Town as a result of the rising, industrial
development, and urbanization. Although there has been a substantial rise
in flood risk assessment studies in Limbe, there still exist problem as to
what concern flood risk assessment in the city of Limbe. Due to these
issues, we gathered and analyzed flood damage data from the Limbe urban
council disaster database from 1990 to 2018 to determine the flood risk in
different Limbe neighborhoods. To evaluate disaster data, the study
proposes a new method called fuzzy information optimization. Our results
demonstrate that Down Beach, Church Street, and Mile two localities
located at the south of Limbe are the most vulnerable areas, with the
highest risk of flood, followed by New town, Clerk’s quarter, Njengelle
Quarters, and Gardenswhile limbe camp, Bota, and mile one have the
lowest flood risk. The fuzzy information optimization approach makes risk
information available to decision-makers and planners, allowing them to
identify areas as high-risk flood, moderate-risk flood, or low-risk flood,
and implement flood risk management at the national and local levels. The
first tool used to assess flood disaster risk in Limbe was fuzzy information
optimization, which can also be used to assess flood disaster risk in other
countries and regions.

I. INTRODUCTION society, causing destruction, chaos, and casualties, and has

The earth'ssurface is referred to as a planet of life due to its
infinite floraand fauna,the latter is also seen as a fertile
environment of natural calamity, broadly know as natural
disaster and natural hazard. According to (Petrucci, 2012)
There is a difference between a natural hazard and a
natural disaster. Meanwhile the former can be due to a
geographical, atmospheric, and hydrological occasion,
which can take the form of a tsunami, landside, windstorm,
earthquake, flood, or drought, which have the possibility
of causing injuries or damages.The latter is the occurrence
of a catastrophic incident that has a detrimental effect on
the potential to place the affected zone in a dire situation,
forcing her to rely on external assistance to work properly.
Also, from the aforementioned mentioned forms of natural
disaster, (Chen, Zhou, Zhang, Du, & Zhou, 2015) consider
flooding as the most dangerous due to its capacity of
causing great loss in terms of human life and properties
leading to a drastic effect on the economy. following the
finding of the author, According to the International
Emergency Disaster Database, there were nearly 12547
natural disasters worldwide between 1900 and 2017,
resulting in 22,989,400 deaths. couple with an economic

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Franklin et al. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, 8(5)-2021
loss estimated at 290.28 billons Dollar. Likewise, among
these disasters, flood disasters rank top, leading to
numerous deaths and loss of properties in the society, as an
illustration, in 2001, due to heavy rainfall. The City of
Limbe in Cameroon led to a combination of flood and
landslide causing more than 32 landslides scar, several
tensional cracks, 154 houses were destroyed rendering
nearly 233 people homeless, 93 people dead and About
197 people registered related to post-illness and wound at
the Limbe District Hospital alone (Ndille & Belle, 2014).
LikewiseFlooding is caused by groundwater levels, hill
slide runoff from sudden storms, and river flooding. (Saral,
Özcan, & Musaoglu, 2010). Extreme rainfall events
combined with rising sea levels, as a result of climate
change, are likely to increase the frequency and intensity
of flood disaster damage. Furthermore, global flood
exposure is expected to triple by 2050, owing to rising
population and economic assets in flood-prone zones,
which are typically seen as economically desirable areas
due to their developed nature.(Jongman, Ward, & Aerts,
2012). Regardless of the huge investment in the riverine
and coastal areas, faced with flood disasters, this seems
very inadequate(Bubeck, Botzen, Kreibich, Aerts, &
Sciences, 2012). no matter the spatial policies planning set
to mitigate flood risk, this situation is also worsened by the
settlement of people near flood-prone areas like low-lying
areas and coastal areas(Aerts, Barnard, et al., 2018).Flood
risk assessment is the calculation of the overall adverse
effects of flooding for a specific region, according to
(Tingsanchai and Karim, 2015). It is affected by a variety
of factors, including the depth of flooding, the length of
flooding, the velocity of flood waves, and the rate at which
water levels rise. Many African countries are prone to
natural hazards, Cameroon as well is not an exception to
this, worsened by the vulnerability of its rising population,
resulting inthe regular disaster which hasa severe
incidence on the economic aspect of the country. yet,
Cameroon face great constraint in the implementation of
the Kyoto 2005-2015 framework and that of the current
Sendai framework recommendation of 2015-2030, which
has as aims to mutilate natural and manmade
disaster(Bang, Miles, & Gordon, 2019).
As mentioned by(Saleth & Dinar, 2004), we can
underline that countries that are bounder by water bodies
are fertile lands for flood disaster risk, and Cameroon is
not an exception. Flood disaster risk is determined by a
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combination of two factors: danger and vulnerability.The
land and its uses are determined by flood hazards
expressed as vulnerability. As a result, in less populated
urban areas, the effects of this phenomenon can cause less
damage.In urban areas, flood risks are evaluated more than
in rural areas. As in urban areas, flood hazards lead to the
destruction of buildings, equipment, roads, houses, and
track. In Cameroon, the flood hazard record dated in 1980,
and since then the country has witnessed a drastic series of
flood hazards(Tchindjang, Amougou, Abossolo, Bessoh
Bell, & Africa, 2012).
Limbe Town is located on Cameroon's coast, in the fako
division, specifically in the country's southwest region.
She has an estimated population of 120,000 people within
a total surface area of 545km2. The city's previous
characteristics explain why it has one of Cameroon's
highest population densities of 220 people per square
kilometer.This important number of people can be justified
mainly by socio-economic reasons such as the presence of
the CDC plantation which offers jobs to the population and
the presence of beaches couple with a botanic garden in
Limbe. Likewise, the city of Limbe renders her a fruitful
zone of flood disaster risk. The city is dominated by a low-
lying coastal plain that rises to a chain of horseshoe-
shaped hills with varying degrees of steepness toward the
northeast and east, the highest point reaching 362 meters
above sea level (Njabe and Fobang 2006). In addition to
this, Limbe is 10 miles away from Debundscha,where the
latter is consideredto be the second the wettest place after
Cherrapunji in India. This explains why the city
experiences constant heavy torrential rainfall in the rainy
season which runs from the month of October, and it
equally witnesses the highest average monthly
precipitation in the month of June, July, and August in
Cameroon of about 700mm (Ndille & Belle, 2014).
Couple with this, the city is also blessed with small
streams thatflow into larger drainage beds, and the latter
flows into main rivers and eventually ends their course
into the Atlantic Ocean. During these heavy rainfalls, it is
important to underline that these rivers overflow their
banks due to the severity of the precipitation in the rainy
season and causes flooding. This situation is also favor
mainly due to the absence of proper conceived drainage
channels throughout the city. This exposes the Settlement
thatis located along the coast of Limbe.
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Franklin et al. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, 8(5)-2021
Fig.1 Geographical location of Limbe
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Following the increasing occurrence of flood disasters
worldwide, the literature has outlined a panoply of
methods aimed at assessing the later flood. According to
the literature and thanks to the work of(Ali, Bajracharya,
Koirala, & Biotechnology, 2016) flood disaster risk can be
assessed following either a hydrological, meteorological,
or socioeconomic perspective. Base on the GIS and the
risk assessment theory (Wu et al., 2015) developed a
model to assess flood risk disaster, They designed an index
system based on natural disaster risk and economic society
vulnerability. Furthermore, they add two indices, reservoir
storage modulus, and flood retention basin modulus, to aid
in the analysis of human interaction power in flood hazard
indexes. In addition, (Shi, Zhai et al. 2019) used the FDRA
index to assess the probability and effects of flood
disasters in Xiamen, which is one of the cities in China
with the most severe flood disasters.They based their
studies on the risk theory, and their findings show that
Xiamen's flooding and drainage control capacities are
insufficient, resulting in high flood risk. Apart from
socioeconomic negatives externalities of flood to an
area,(Garrote, Diez-Herrero, Escudero, & García, 2020)
emphasize the negatives impacts which flood has on the
cultural aspect of Castile and Legion regions in Spain,
which is composed of 2155 cultural heritages.Likewise,
(Aerts, Botzen, et al., 2018) carried out a study which was
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aimed at disclosing the role of human behavior of flood in
their environment and how the latter can also be used in
assessing flood. One of the most difficult issues for
researchers in quantitative risk assessment is determining
how to resolve the position of individual expectations of
risk-reducing activity and how these factors affect agent
decisions to take flood-prevention steps (Kleindorfer,
Kunreuther et al. 1993).Also, to reinforce the accuracy of
forecast data related to flood disaster risk, (Escuder-Bueno
et al., 2012) base on the SUFRI project which analyses
flood risk in two dimensions. The first dimension raises
awareness for pluvial and river flooding risk assessments
in urban areas to educate and inform policymakers, while
the second dimension investigates human risk perception
by disseminating information with a social context and
analyzing trends in how people perceive floods. The study
reveals that the application of these two dimensions or
methodologies appears to be a key tool for the decision-
maker in their role of assessing flood disaster risk. Still in
the same vein, (Pistrika, Tsakiris, & Nalbantis,
2014)established a methodology to assist water managers
and authorities in developing rational flood-prevention
plans.This is possible following a three steps assessment
approach to assess flood disaster risk, where the first step
involves anayizing hazard which incorporate both
probabilities occurrence couple with anticipating potential
damages; The second step is to assess flood vulnerability
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Franklin et al. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, 8(5)-2021
in flood-prone areas, and the third and final step is to
assess flood risk.
Equally, to assess physical and socioeconomic
vulnerability, where the former comprise of susceptibility
and exposure whilst the latter is based on quantitative and
qualitative indicators,(Cutter, 1996) developed an index
that assesses flood risk into four dimensions which are
high, moderate, moderately low and low. This index
mention can categorize flood risk in four dimensions and it
acts as a key tool to handle flood disaster risk. (Bang et al.,
2019),faced with the alarming nature of natural and
manmade disaster risk in Cameroon. despite the various
engagement of the country to an international framework
such as the Sendai frameworks and recommendations with
the aim at promoting RRD in developing countries, Due to
resistance in communication, coordination of DRR
operations, availability of services, foreign assistance,
formulation of DRR plans and policies, and integration
into sustainable development plans, the country still faces
some significant constraints. Equally,(MOFFO, TONYE,
& Maurice, 2013), alert the devastating nature of flood in
the city of Douala partly due to the heavy average rainfall
of 4000mm per year during these two past decades, carry
on a study based on the methodology of (Beven & Wood,
1983) which delineated wetlands and extract flood
zones.Also, the literature focuses on the case of African
countries which are also fertile zones for flood disaster risk
but the inadequate database related to past flooding
observation and insufficient studies on the issue in Africa
expose the latter to high risk of flood disaster, which has
heavy negatives consequences as point out by (Conway,
2009). This situation can justify the occurrence of flood
disasters and the inefficiency of African authorities in their
strategies of flood disaster risk reduction.
Nevertheless, (Talha, Maanan, Atika, Rhinane, &
Sciences, 2019) faced with an alarming number of flood
disaster records in Africa and in the Western part of
Morocco couple with huge direct and indirect damage in
terms of properties and human life which has a great
incidence on the economy.
III. METHODOLOGY
To assess flood risk in Limbe, this study uses a fuzzy
information optimization approach making use of data
from the national archives in Limbe. Weights for flood
damage attributes are generated using the AHP. After that,
the weighting result is combined with the fuzzy
information optimization method to rate the flood risk of
different Limbe neighborhoods.
3.1 Data used
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The researcher obtained flood damage data from the
National Archives in Buea (NAB), the National Archives
in Yaounde (NAY), the Ministry of Territorial
Administration and Decentralization (MINATD), and the
Limbe district, which is located in the Limbe province of
Cameroon (former urban council). The Limbe Urban
Council data consist of different flood and storm events of
four different years. The database containsa large set of
direct flood data in ten categories; Maximum annual
precipitation, Drainage density, Nature of topography, Soil
texture, Population in the unit area, Reported health cases,
Building destroy, Roads and bridge damage,
Electricity/water installation damage, Gross domestic
product (USD). These 10 categories are quantified.
3.2 Data processing
The data has been compiled at the Limbe urban council
from different localities that are: Lumpsum, Mile Two,
Church Street, New Town, Lower Cassava, Clerk's
Quarter, Down Beach, and Manga William's, Motowoh
Quarters, Dockyard, Mawoh Quarters, Bimbia, Limbe1,
Etome, and Mokunda.The flood damage data used for
analysis are data from different localities in the Limbe
town for four different years respectively (1990, 2000,
2001, and 2007). with ten variables of Maximum annual
precipitation, Drainage density, Nature of topography, Soil
texture, Population in the unit area, Reported health cases,
Building destroys, Road and bridge damage,
Electricity/water installation damage, Gross domestic
product (USD. Each year an observation is carried out for
each of these locality making a total of 1400 observations.
3.3 Flood risk assessment using the Fuzzy Information
Optimization Method
The Fuzzy Information Optimization Method (FOP) was
used in this study to assess flood disaster risk. This
approach employs fuzzy mathematical theory to create an
overall assessment of complex problems that are
influenced by several factors.This approach is used to
determine flood risk to remove any ambiguity or confusion
that might occur during the assessment
process.Furthermore, using fuzzy set theory and fuzzy
logic, fop converts qualitative evaluation into quantitative
evaluation, allowing it to provide or obtain precise
evaluation results.Fuzzification, fuzzy inference, and
defuzzification are the three steps in a fuzzy scheme or
solution.. Fuzzification is the means of transforming
qualitative to quantitative values in a proposal using the
membership functionThe membership function and control
rules are combined to produce variables or indexes in the
fuzzy inference process.Defuzzification is the process of
combining the outcomes of each rule to generate the final
result. In this study, the three processes above Fuzzy
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Franklin et al. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, 8(5)-2021

classification, membership features, and comprehensive the level interval.The interval grade value(Δ) of the raster
evaluation all correspond to each other. data fuzzy subset is determined by the lower value of the
3.3.1 Fuzzy Classification standard deviation difference.Each raster data set is graded
on the same interval value. There are five interval points in
When FOP was used to determine flood risk, it was
each.
divided into five categories: very low, low, moderate, high,
and very high, respectively.standard deviation statistics D1, D2, D3, D4, D5(Table1).
and the value of each raster layer were used to determine
EACH FACTOR'S INTERVAL VALUE
TABLE 1
Kind of index Δ D1 D2 D3 D4 D5
2
Maximum annual Precipitation (m/m ) 70 150 220 290 360 430
Drainage density (m/m2) 0.0010 0.006 0.0016 0.0026 0.0036 0.0046
Nature of topography 0.34 1.20 1.54 1.88 2.22 2.56
Soil texture 5 8 13 18 23 28
Population per unit area /105m2) 2.65 1.20 3.85 6.15 9.15 11.80
Reported health cases 19 20 39 58 77 96
Building destroyed 16 83 99 115 131 147
Roads and bridge damage 7 5 12 19 26 33
Electricity/water installation damage 15 8 23 38 53 68
Gross domestic product (USD) 2218 1120 3338 5556 7774 9992

3.3.2 Membership function membership functions exist such as Waveforms such as

The fuzzy set is used to quantize fuzziness through
membership functions (MFs), it helps to eliminate the
uncertainty while obtaining a fuzzy evaluation matrix.
That is the determination of suitable membership function
can be critical for risk assessment results. Many types of
Gaussian, bell-shaped, sigmoidal, triangular, trapezoidal,
and so on. Since floods are short-duration events, the
trapezoidal and triangle waveforms must be chosen to
describe the piecewise functions.

Fig.2: Fuzzy set of membership functions

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Franklin et al. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, 8(5)-2021

i= 1,2,……..10; j = 1,2,3,4,5. Pi represents the raster data of index i. In Fig 2, Pi has two levels of membership that is Ui2
and Ui3.
Sets of formulas (Equation (1)- (5)) can be used to obtain the fuzzy membership function value
of each factor related to the five evaluation levels.

1 0 ≤ x ≤ D1
D2 −pi
ui1 (pi ) = { D1 < 𝑥 < D2 (1)
D2 −D1
0 x ≥ D2

0 pi ≤ D1 or g i ≥ D3
pi −D1
D1 < pi < D2
D2 −D1
ui2 (pi ) = (2)
1 pi = D2
D3 −pi
{ D2 < pi < D3
D3 −D2

0 pi ≤ D2 or pi ≥ D4
pi −D2
D2 < pi < D3
D3 −D2
ui3 (pi ) = (3)
1 pi = D3
D4 −pi
{ D3 < pi < D4
D4 −D3

0 pi ≤ D3 or pi ≥ D5
pi −D3
D3 < pi < D4
D4 −D3
ui4 (pi ) = (4)
1 pi = D4
D5 −pi
{ D4 < pi < D5
D5 −D4

0 pi ≤ D4
pi −D4
ui5 (pi ) = { D4 < pi < D5 (5)
D5 −D4
1 pi ≥ D5

3.3.3 Comprehensive Evaluation

The membership values establish the evaluation matrix T.
additionally,the associated flood disaster risk indicators
𝑡11 𝑡12 … 𝑡15
𝑡21 𝑡22 … 𝑡25
. . .
𝑇= . . . (6)
. . .
[ 𝑡𝑖1 𝑡𝑖2 𝑡𝑖5 ]
𝑡𝑖𝑗 = 𝑢𝑗 (𝑝𝑖 ), 𝑖 = 1,2, … ,10, 𝑗 = 1,2, … , 5.

Given the difficulty of assessing flood disaster risk, this
paper employs raster data layers as a flood disaster risk
index, resulting in the establishment of a hierarchical
structure of flood disaster risk assessment indexes based
on an analytic hierarchy process (AHP).The weight of ten
variables was taken into account, which are as follows:
0.3295, 0.1793, 0.0456, 0.1601, 0.0852, 0.0425, 0.0212,
0.0631, 0.0140, and 0.0072.

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Franklin et al. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, 8(5)-2021

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The flood disaster risk map was obtained for the various
localities in Limbe. High-risk, medium-risk, and low-risk
zones are represented on the diagram. zones of high areas
are Cassava farms, Clerks Quarters, Down Beach,
Lumpsum, Church Street, Mawoh Quarters, Motowoh
Quarters, and Dockyard. The reason for the high-risk zone
of these areas is simply because of its location at the
coastal area or areas along rivers. whereas the medium risk
zones include Bimbia, Limbe1, most especially
Moviokulu, Batoke, and Limbe III particularly Camps
Three. Etome, Mokunda, and Limbe II Mokundange are
low-risk zones. The low-risk zone is because of High
Mountain and low population.

Fig. 2. Map showing the flood-affected areas in Limbe

Source: Adapted from the map of Limbe, NIC (2016)

4.1 Risks validation high-risk areas.Flooded areas are well considered to be

Flood risk validation is the process of high-risk areas.Based on the information and findings of
determining the accuracy of a risk assessment by this paper, we can outline the areas of high-risk and low-
comparing it to other data to confirm the vulnerability of risk zones and their justification.
Table.2 Vulnerable Limbe Zones to flood risk
Categories of flood Limbe towns which Justification
risk vulnerabilities are prone to flood
disaster risk
Very high Down Beach church These towns are characterized by functional plains When there is a
probability street, mile two storm, water must flow or be collected. In general, these lands are
subjected to a 1 in 20 (5% ) or greater annual risk of flooding or are
planned to flood in a (0.1 percent ) flood. Also, these towns witness
permanent flooding during the peak rainy season month.
High probability New town, Clerk’s These towns have a 1 in 100 or higher annual probability of river
vulnerability quarter, Njengelle flooding (greater than 0.1 percent) or a 1 in 200 or higher annual

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Franklin et al. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, 8(5)-2021

Quarters, Gardens probability of sea flooding (greater than 0.5 percent) in a given year.
Similarly, these towns observed floods weekly during the last days, and
floodwaters ubiquitous.
Moderate probability Lumpsum, cassava These towns are characterized with 1 in 100 and 1 in 1000 probability
vulnerability farm, Poto-Poto of (1% to 0.1%) in a year of river flooding and a 0.5 percent annual risk
Quarter, Mahow, of sea flooding (between 1 in 200 and 1 in 1000 )Likewise, these towns
Mabeta new layout witness monthly flooding
Low probability Limbe Camp, Bota, These towns have an annual likelihood of river or sea flooding of less
vulnerability and Mile one than 1 in 1000 (0.1 percent), and floods occur only when storms are
particularly severe.

Source: (Nguh and Anumveh, 2018)

Based on the table above Down Beach, Church Street, and
mile two localities in Limbe town, flood disaster risk
assessment accuracy isvalidated. When a fuzzy
information optimization approach is used to evaluate risk,
it can reduce a variety of uncertainties by quantifying risks
arising from human experience. The FOP approach is
focused on fuzzy set and fuzzy logic theories, which
transform uncertainty into certainty in risk assessment. In
the fuzzy information optimization approach, the outcome
of flood risk is determined by the grade interval of various
indicators as well as the waveform of the membership
function. In addition, the grade interval is divided based on
the properties of each indicator's value as well as the
current state of the study location.
However, it should be noted that in this paper, we used the
risk conceptual structure suggested by the United Nations
when conducting flood risk assessment research using the
fuzzy information optimization approach.This approach
aims to choose a more accurate and acceptable risk
indicator while also acknowledging the effect of natural
and socioeconomic factors on flood risk without affecting
the final risk area result.
4.2. Flood Risk Reduction
The aim of a flood risk assessment is to recognize areas
that are at risk of flooding and to develop flood
management strategies to reduce flood damage.. We
suggest implementing a series of flood control and
mitigation steps in high-risk areas of Limbe town based on
the FOP's risk-zoning map and field investigation.These
activities include engineering and non-engineering
measures
4.2.1 Engineering Measures
Engineering steps apply to any location or structure that is
used to avoid, divert, store, or drain floodwater.After
conducting a field survey in the various Limbe Town
neighborhoods, engineering measures were requested.
(1) Upgrading flood protection structures: Because of the
flat terrain and low drainage, flood control or an artificial
levee, as well as the building of a hydrological system
network, has been established along the riverine.Moreover,
Limbe camp, Bota, and Mile one have comparatively low
fortification criteria sincethey are located in mountainous
areas in Limbe, can withstand floods for a longer period.
This can therefore be prevented by removing dangerous
water dam projects.
(2) Dredging of the channel in highly aggressive areas,
sedimentary section: The hydrodynamic environment
weakens as rivers flow out of the mountains and into the
plains due to the widening of the river's channel.Because
of sediment aggregation, the riverbed rises, increasing the
likelihood of flooding. As a result, routine strategic
dredging is essential to restore the natural state of
aggradation.
4.2.2 Non-Engineering Measures
There are a variety of regulations, rules, administrative
management, and technological options for reducing flood
disaster losses in floodplains.In this study, various
measures are proposed with the actual situation of our
study area.
(1)Rules regarding land use planning: The land use in the
study area, as well as the flood plain management strategy,
must be carefully designed. Zones with a high chance of
being identified as high-risk zones should be designated
for low occupancy. Additionally, industrial and residential
land should be designed to be used in high-altitude areas,
with urban development ensuring that the river channels
are preserved at a reasonable area.
(2) Putting in place flood risk insurance: Flood insurance
is an effective tool for flood risk management in
floodplains.Insurance, on the other hand, is a social-
economic aid for flood-related property loss.As a result,
we propose that the government establish a flood insurance
program for residents in high-risk areas.

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Franklin et al. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, 8(5)-2021
(3)Flood resistance capacity building construction of flood
resistance capability necessitates real-time and reliable
hydrological tracking, forecasting, and early warning
systems.Furthermore, the community can practice
evacuation exercises regularly to boost flood awareness
and disaster preparedness. Each of these measures will
help minimize the likelihood of flooding, as well as the
number of people who die and the amount of money lost.
V. CONCLUSION
Over the last few decades, climate change and rapid
urbanization have increased the risk of flooding in
metropolitan areas. Flood risk assessment is important
because it aids in the identification of high-risk areas for
potential management.
In this study, a fuzzy information optimization approach
based on the weight of selected variables was proposed
and applied to risk assessment in Limbe's various
quarters.Due to the existence of several rivers, medium,
high, and very high-risk zones were primarily found along
the coast, while low and very low-risk zones were found in
the limbe town's plateau and mountainous regions,
according to research.The Limbe municipalities, on the
other hand, proposed mitigation strategies for high and
very high-risk areas, considering the field investigations as
well.This is important because it aids in the reduction of
urban disasters, reducing fatalities and economic losses.
The fuzzy information optimization approach is based on
fuzzy set and fuzzy logic theory, which helps risk
management procedures minimize or remove fuzziness
and ambiguity.The waveform of the membership function,
which is calculated by the value of each indicator and
flood event characteristics, determines the performance of
risk. When using the fuzzy information optimization
approach in conjunction with a particular collection of risk
indicators.A risk zoning map is created, which can be
regarded as the risk map of any study area.The collection
and accuracy of data indicators will need to be refined in
future studies or analyses.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank the Ministry of Territorial Administration and
Decentralization (MINATD), the National Archives in
Buea (NAB), and the Limbe urban council for their
contributions to this study by supplying us with flood
disasters data that we used in our research.
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