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सामाजिक समावेशीकरण तथा वहुसरोकारका

विषयमाअनशि
ु क्षण सहयोगी पस्ति
ु का

२०७५

1
विषय

प्रशिक्षणका विषयवस्तु Training Content

प्रशिक्षण संचालन तालिका Training Schedule

सेशन प्लान Session Plan

सन्दर्भ सामग्री Reference Materials

k|:t'tLs/0f Powerpoint Presentation

2
 प्रशिक्षणका विषयवस्तु Training Content

qm tflndsf d'Vo laifoj:t" -Training Content) k]h

=;
!= k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdsf] z'ef/De, /fli6«o ufg,
cled'vLs/0fsf] pb]Zo, kl/ro, ck]Iff ;+sng
@ g]kfnsf] ;+3Lo k|0ffnL, :yfgLo hgk|ltlglwsf] e'ldsf
=
#= n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] cjwf/0ff tyf cEof;
$ ;fdflhs ;dfa]zLs/0fsf] cjwf/0fftyf cEof;df :yfgLo hgk|
ltlglwsf] e"ldsf
% n}lËs pQ/bfoL sfo{qmd tyf ah]6 th{"df, cjwf/0ff /
= cEof;
^ Affnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gsf] ;'b[9Ls/0fsf] cjwf/0ff /
cEof;
&= :yfgLo txdf ;'rgfsf] xs –hgk|ltlgwLsf] e'ldsf / bfloTj
* =:yfgLo txdf n};;f; d'nk|jfxLs/0fsf nflu sfg"gL
Joj:yfx? -gLlt lgod, jh]6 tyf of]hgf_
( Joj:yfksLo l;k tyf Ifdtf -j}7s ;~rfng, ;do Joj:yfkg,
cfrf/;+lxtf, ;|f]t Joj:yfkg, ;dGjo, ;xsfo{_
!) lbuf] ljsf;sf nIox? ;lxt n};;f; :yflgos/0fsfo{gLlt th{'df
tyf sfof{Gjog
!! ;fd'bflos g]t[Tj, g]t[Tjsf lsl;d
3
!@ ;fdflhs kl/rfngsf] cjwf/0ff, ljutsf cEof;x? / k|:tfljt
sfo{gLlt / ;dfkg sfo{qmd

4
 cg'lzIf0f sfo{qmd tflnsf -Training Schedule_
;do 306f laifoj:t' lalw÷ls|ofsnfk
÷ldg]6
!=#)
(==)) सत्र-१ k|lzIf0f z'ef/De, /fli6«o uLt
(=$% :jfut tyf
k|lzIf0fsf] pb]Zodfly k| Ps ;xefuLn] csf]{
sfz, ;xefuLsf] kl/ro u/fO{lbg],
kl/ro k'j{ d'Nof+sg,
, cled'vLs/0fsf] pb]Zo,
;r]ts, k|ltj]bs, d'Nof+sg
;d"x ljefhg,
(=$%
–!)=))
!)=))–!!=#) !=#) ldg]6 सत्र-२ g]kfnsf] ;+3Lo k| k|jrg tyf 5nkmn
0ffnL, :yfgLo hgk|
ltlglwsf] e'ldsf
#) ldg]6 ;+3Lotf s] xf] / lsg dl:tis dGyg, k|:tl't 5nkmn
cfjZos 5 <

$) ldg]6 g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, d'Vo dl:tis dGyg, k|:tl't 5nkmn

k|fjwfgx?, n}lus ;dfgtf
tyf ;fdflhs
;dfj]zLs/0f ;DjGwL k|
fjwfgx?

@) ldg]6 n};;f;d}qL :yfgLo ;/sf/ :yfgLo :t/df n};;f; d'nk|

lgdf{0fdf hgk|ltlglwsf] jfxLs/0fsf nflu ePsf k|
e'ldsf of; / cfufdL sfo{gLlt
th{'df tyf sfof{Gjogsf
nfuL hgk|ltgLwLsf]
e'ldsf laifodf ;d''x sfo{,
Kn]g/L ;];gdf ;d'x k|:t'lt
tyf 5nkmn, ;xhstf{2f/f ;
5
 +If]kLs/0f k|:t'lt

!!=#) –!
@=#) Vffgf
!@=#)– !=#) सत्र-३ n}lËs ;dfgtfsf]
@=)) lalw÷ls|ofsnfk
cjwf/0ff tyf cEof;
#) ldg]6 Dflxnf k"?if t];|f] ln+u lrqsf dfWodjf6 5nkmn
ljrsf] km/s u/fO{ km/s 5'6\ofpg]
-Zffl/l/s tyf Jojxfl/s_

#) ldg]6 ;dtf / ;dfgtf cltt / jt{dfgdf dlxnfdf

cfPsf] kl/jt{gsf af/]df
5nkmn u/fpg]
#) ldg]6 Dflxnfn] lgjf{x u/]sf] Dflxnfsf] e'ldsf /
e'ldsf .Jojxfl/s / /0fgLlts cfjZostfsf jf/]df k|:t'lt tyf
cfjZostf 5nkmn
@=))– lrof
#=))
#=))–$=#) !=#) सत्र-४ सामाजिक समावेशीकरण

!) ldg]6 ;dfj]zLs/0f s] lsg / s;/L 5nkmn / dlitis dGyg

-l;2fGt / Jojxf/_ u/fpg] . cg'ej cfbg k|bfg
u/fpg], k|:tlts/0f ug{]
#) ldg]6 ;dfj]zLs/0f k|j{bgsf nflu 5nkmn, k|:t'tL
;+}j}wflgs tyf sfg"gL
Joj:yf
$) ldg]6 ;dfj]zLs/0f k|j{bgsf nflu :yfgLo txdf
:yfgLo txsf] e'ldsf ;fdflhs;dfj]zLs/0f k|
j{bgsf nflu hgk|ltlglwx?
sf] e'ldsf ;DjGwdf ;d'x
6
 sfo{, 5nkmn / k|:t'lt.
;xhstf{sf] k|:t'lt ;lxt ;
+If]kLs/0f ;lxt ;xefuLx?
af6 k|ltj2tf lng]
$=#)–%=) #) ldg]6
lbgel/sf] k'g/fjnf]sg tyf ljifo j:t'sf] ;f/f+z

bf];|f] lbg

(=))–(=!% !%ldg]6 k'g/fjnf]sg tyf ljifo ;xefuLaf6

j:t'sf] ;f/f+z
(=! !=#) सत्र- ५ n}lËs pQ/bfoL ;xefuLtfd'ns
%–!)=$% sfo{qmd tyf ah]6
th{'df
@) ldg]6 n}lËs pQ/bfoL jh]6 dl:tis dGyg, k|:t'tLs/0f /
eg]sf] s] xf] < 5nkmn
#) ldg]6 N}flËs pQ/bfoL jh]6 k|:t'tLs/0f 5nkmn
sfo{qmdsf] cGt/fli6«o
tyf /fli6«o ljsf;qmd

$) ldg]6 n}lËs pQ/bfoL jh]6 n}lËs pQ/bfoL jh]6

lgdf{0fsf nflu ljutdf lgdf{0fsf nflu k|of]u
cEof; ul/Psf ;'rs / o;sf] ul/Psf ;'rsx?sf] cEof;,
k|of]u ljlw k|:t'lts/0f tyf 5nkmn

!)=$%–!! !% ldg]6 lrof

=))
!!=))–! !=#) सत्र६वालमैत्री शासन
@=#)
@) ldg]6 afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gsf] lrqsf] dfWodjf6 dl:tis
cjwf/0ff dGyg, 5nkmn tyf
cGt/lqmof
7
 #) ldg]6 Affnaflnsfsf] d'Vo rf/ afn arfpFdf s] s] kb{5g<,
clwsf/ tyf afn clwsf/ afn ;+/If0fdf s] s:tf] s'/f
;DjlGw cGt/fli6o tyf kb{5g<, afn ljsf;df s]
/fli6«o Joj:yfx? nfO{ Wofg lbg] / afn
;xeflutfsf] ;'lglZrttf s;/L
ug{] ul/Psf] 5 eGg] jf/]df
5nkmn tyf k|:t'tLaf6 :ki6
kfg{]
@) ldg]6 afnd}qL :yfgLo 5nkmnaf6 Affnd}qL
zf;gsf ;'rs zf;gsf ;'rsx? af/] ;xefuLx?
sf] j'emfO{sf] :t/ klxrfg
ug{] ,
d'Vo d'Vo
Affnd}qL ;'rssf af/]df
5nkmn u/fO{ j'emfO{+
df k|i6tf Nofpg]
@) ldg]6 afnd}qLof]hgf th{'df Affnd}qL :yflgo zf;gsf k|
tyf sfof{Gjogsf nflu s[of tyf r/0fx? af/] 5nkmn
hgk|ltgLlwsf] e'ldsf / k|:t'lt
afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;gsf]
dxTj / cf}lrTo ;DjGwL
dx;';Ls/0f u/fpg] /
Hfgk|ltlglwsf] e'ldsf af/]
k|i6tf Nofpg]
!@=#)–! Vffgf
=#)
!=#) –#=)) सत्र ७ सच
ु नाको हक
#)ldg]6 ;'rgfsf] xs s] xf]< ;'rgfsf] xs ;DjGwL
;'rgfsf] xs ;xefuLsf] ljrf/ ;+sng,
;DjlGw ;}j}wflgs tyf 5nkmn / K|f:t'tLs/0f
sfg"gL Joj:yfx?
#)ldg]6 ;'rgf k|flKtsf] Joj:yfx? / 5nkmn
To;sf] ph"/Lsf] Joj:yf rnfO{ cg'ej ;'gfpg
nufpg]
8
 #)ldg]6 :yfgLo ;/sf/n] nlIft ju{sf j8fkq,;xfotf
nflu] k|bfg ug{] ;]jf tyf sIf, cfkm"n] k|fKt
nlIft ju{n] ;]jf lng] tl/sf ug{] ;'rgf dfUg]
tl/sf,af/]df5nkmn k|:t'tL
ug{]
#=))–#=! lrof
%
३. !%–$=$ सत्र८लैङ्गिक समानता तथा
% सामाजिक समावेशीकरण
३)ldg] ;dfj]zLs/0f tyf d’nk| lrq 5nkmn,
6 jfxLs/0f k|:t'lt / 5nkmn
३)ldg] ;dfj]zLs/0f ;DjlGw ;+j} ;dfj]zLs/0f ;DjlGw ePsf
6 +wflgs tyf sfg”gL Joj:yf sfg'gL Joj:yfx? Jff/]
-:yfgLo sfg”g ;lxt_ ;xefuLaf6 ljrf/ lng],
k|:t’tLs/0f / 5nkmn
u/fO{:ki6 kfg{] .
#)ldg] :yfgLo txdf N{}flËs ;dfgtf n}{;;f;sf nflu :yfgLo txn]
6 tyf ;fdflhs ;’/Iff pkzfvf, s] s] sfd ug{‘kb{5 eGg]
of]hgf, jh]6, sfo{qmd, k|Zgdf ;xefuLx?
gLlt, nfO{ $;d"xdf ljefhg ul/
5nkmn / प्रस्तुति/ ;xhstf{sf]
k|:t'ltaf6 :ki6 kfg{]
!) k'g/fjnf]sg tyf ljifo j:t'sf] k|Zgf]Q/
ldg]6 ;f/f+z

t];|f] lbg
(=))–(=!% bf];|f] lbgsf] K'fg/fjnf]sg

समय सत्र ९ व्यवस्थापकीय क्षमता विधि/क्रियाकलाप

(=!%–!)=$% !) ldg]6 Joj:yfklso Ifdtf tyf l;k / o;sf] dxTj cg'ej cfbg k|
bfg, 5nkmn,
k|:t'lt
9
 !) ldg]6 Joj:yfklso Ifdtf tyf l;kdf 5nkmn / k|:t'tL
ci6dgf]j[lQsf] dxTj

@) Joj:yfkgn] ljrf/ ug'{kg]{ s'/fx? 5nkmn,

ldg]6 k|:t'lt / :ki6
kfg{].
@% j}7s ;DjlGw sfo{ljlw ;xefuLx?
ldg]6 -of]hgf, ;|f]t, ;xsfo{ nfO{ j}7s
;dGjo / Ifdtf ljsf;_ ;~rfng ;DjGwL
sfo{ljwLsf]
hfgsf/L af/]df
hfgsf/L lng sf]
gd'gf k|:t'tLs/0f
ug{]
@% ufpF;ef, gu/ ;ef_ sf] a}7s
ldg]6 ;DaGwL k|fjwfg, a}7ssf] k|:t'tL / 5nkmn
cWoIftf, a}7ssf] nflu u0fk'/s;
+Vof a}7ssf] lg0f{o,ljz]ifa}7s
tyf sfo{;'rL ;'rgf
!)=$%–!!=)) चिया

!!=))–!@=#) शत्र १० दिगो विकासका लक्ष्य र

लैससास स्थानीयकरण

#) ldg]6 n};;f; lbuf] ljsf;sf nIox?

#) ldg]6 sfo{of]hgf ;d"xsfo{

#)ldg]6 k|:t'tL / k|ltj2tf

१२.३०- १.३० खाना

;do ;do laifoj:t" lalw÷ls|ofsnfk

10
 !=#)–२.३० सत्र ११ सामुदायिक नेतत्ृ व ljleGg k|sf/sf g]t[Tj ;DjGwL
:nfO8 b]vfO g]t[Tjsf k|sf/
jf/] cg'ej cfbfg k|bfg tyf
5nkmn
#)ldg]6 ;fd'bflos g]t[Tj, g]t[Tjsf clego / k|:t'lt
lsl;d
@)ldg] g]t[Tjsf] Ifdtf tyf l;k g]t[Tjsf] Ifdtf clej[l2 ug{ s]
6 g]t[Tjn] Wofg lbg"kg{] s] s'/fdf Wofg lbg' kb{5
s'/f, g]t[Tjsf k|sf/, egL ;d'x 5nkmn / k|:t'tL / ;
xhstf{n] :ki6 kfg{]
@) ;fd'bflos g]t[Tj ljsf;sf nflu 5nkmn, cg'ej cfbg k|bfg, /
ldg]6 hgk|ltlglwx?sf] e"ldsf k|:t'tL
@) ;]zgsf] k'g/fjnf]sg cg'ej cfbfg k|bfg
ldg]6
सत्र १२ सामाजिक सामाजिक परिचालनको पष्ृ ठभुमि सामाजिक परिचालन कुनै
परिचालन वारे सहभागीको बझ
ु ाइको स्तर नयाँ अभ्यास नभई
२.३० -४.०० १५मिनेट
पहिचानगर्ने र सामाजिक परापर्व
ु कालदे खि
सामाजिकपरिचालन परिचालनको पष्ृ ठभुमि स्लाइड अभ्यासगरिदै आएको
को पष्ृ ठभमि
ु , प्रस्तुत गर्ने हाम्रो सामजिक
मान्यता क्रियाकलाप हो भन्ने
सिकाइ हुनेछ |
  २०मिनेट सामाजिकपरिचालन सहभागीहरुको विचार संकलन, सामाजिक परिचालनको
के हो र किन ( मस्तिस्क मन्थन गराउने र महत्व र आवश्यकताको
उदे श्य ) आएका वुदाहरुन्युज प्रिन्टमा टिप्दै बोध भएको हुनेछ
उदाहरण सहित छलफल गराउने र
सामाजिक परिचालनका पांचप्रमुख
उदे श्य भएको स्लाइड प्रस्तुत गर्ने
  २०मिनेट सामाजिकपरिचालन सहभागीहरुवाटसामाजिकपरिचालन हाम्रा समस्या र
का क्षेत्र का माध्यमद्वारा गराउन सकिने आवश्यकताहरुवहुप्रकृतिका
तथाविगतमा कामहरुको लिस्टिं ग गर्ने | छन ् | यी समस्या र
सामाजिकपरिचालन विगतमा भएकाकामहरु वारे आवश्यकताको परिपर्ति
ू का
अभ्यास र उपलव्धी प्रत्येकलाई ४-४ वुदा टिप्न लगाउने लागिसमुदायमापारस्परिक
| अन्त्यमा सभागीवाट सहयोग, सदभाव र
नसमेटिएकापक्ष्यहरु सहित साझाप्रयत्नको खाँचो छ |
सामाजिक परिचालनवाट गर्न हुनेछन ् |

11
 सकिने र भएका कामहरु वारे
छलफल गराउने ( Success Cases
Slide समावेश छ )
  २५मिनेट सामाजिकपरिचालन वदलिएको परिवेशमा सामाजिक सामाजिक
का लागिआगामी परिचालन आवश्यक छ छै न भन्ने सामाजिककार्यक्रमको
कार्यनीति वारे मासहभागीहरुको विचार औचित्य वारे मा प्रस्ट
संकलन गर्ने र पक्ष्य र विपक्ष्यमा भइस्थानीय परिवेश
आ-आफ्नो धारणा व्यक्त अनुसारसामाजिकपरिचाल
गर्नलगाउने | अन्त्यमा सामाजिक न कार्यक्रम संचालन गर्ने
परिचालन निरन्तर रुपमा चल्ने प्रतिवद्दता प्राप्त भएको
प्रक्रिया हो यसकोकार्य हुनेछ |
|
क्षेत्रतथाविषय फरक- फरक हुन ्
सक्ला तर आवश्यकता
रऔचित्यता सधै रहन्छ भन्ने कुरा
प्रस्ट पार्ने | आगामी कार्यनीति के
हुनु पर्छ भन्ने विषयमा छलफल
गरी प्रस्तावितकार्यनीतिको स्लाइड
प्रस्तुत गरी सवै सरोकारवालाहरुको
भमि
ू का वारे छलफल गर्नेगराउने
५मिनेट सेशनमुल्यांकन कुनैकुरामा अस्पस्टता भएमा समग्रसेशनमा प्रस्टता
छलफल आएको हुनेछ |
 ४.३०- अनुशिण कार्यक्रम समापन
५.००

kf7 of]hgf-Session Plan)

klxnf] ;q z'ef/De
 z'ef/DeM cf;g u|x0f, Jofh ljt/0f k|d'v cltyLaf6M kfg;df jlQjfn]/÷ lj?
jfdf kfgL xfn]/÷ Jofg/ k9]/÷ j[2nfO{ ;Ddfg u/]/ jf cfjZostfg';f/ pb3f6g
ug{] .
12
  /fli6«o ufg
 cltyLnfO{ :jfut tyf sfo{qmdsf] pb]Zodfly k|sfz-cled'vLs/0fsf] pb]Zo_
 sfo{qmdsf] ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf dGtJo
sfo{qmdsf] z'ef/De,
 k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdsf] z'ef/De,cled'vLs/0fsf] pb]Zo,;xefuLsf] kl/ro / ;d"x
ljefhg
lrof
kf7 of]hgfsf] pb]ZoM
 Pscsf{ljr lrghfg x'g]5g\ .
 sfo{qmdsf] pb]Zo jf/]df hfgsf/ x'g]5g\ .
 cled'vLs/0fsf] cfrf/ ;+lxtf jgfP/ kfngf ug{ k|ltj2 x'g]5g\ .
ljlw
;xefuLsf] kl/roM, ;xefuLsf] kl/ro u/fpg], .
;d"x ljefhg, d'Nof+sg 6]fnL ljefhg\ .

;fdu|fLM d]6fsf8{, Go"hlk|G6, dfs{/, a|fpg k]k/ slk snd,

;do !=#)
bf];|f] ;q M g]kfnsf] ;+3Lo k|0ffnL, :yfgLo hgk|ltlgwLsf]
e'ldsf-;dfj]zLs/0fdf hf]8_
pb]ZoM cled"vLs/0f kZrft ;xefuLx?n]M
 g]kfnn] ckgfPsf] ;+3Lo k|0ffnLsf] af/]df hfgsf/ x'g]5g
 :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] e'ldsf / lhDd]jf/Lsf jf/]df hfgsf/ x'g]5g
 :yfgLo hgk|ltlgwLx?sf] e'ldsf / :yfgLo ;/sf/n] k|jfx ug{] cTofjZos ;]jfsf
af/]df hfgsf/ x'g]5g
;fdu|LM d]6fsf8{ af]8{, Go"h lk|G6, Uo"li6s, s}rL, :s]n, kfj/KjfO{G6 /
tYof+s,
13
;doM ! 306f #) ldg]6
;qof]hgfM
pklzif{s laifoj:t' lalw k|lzIf0f÷ lqmofsnfk ;do
g]kfnsf] gS;f b]vfP/ ;xefuLx?sf]
;+l3otf ;+3Lotf s] Dfl:tis dl:tis dGyg u/fO{ ;xefuLsf]
xf] / lsg dGyg, j'emfO{sf jf/]df hfgsf/L lnb}
cfjZos 5 < ;d"x
pgLx?sf] egfO{nfO{ ;d]6]/ ;
5nkmn /
k|:t'tL +l3otfsf] :j?ksf af/]df hfgsf/L
u/fpg].
;xefuLsf] j'emfO{nfO{ ;d]6\b} ;
+3Lotfsf] dxTj tyf cfjZostf af/]df
hfgsf/L u/fpg] .
;+3Lotfdf n}lËs / ;fdflhs
;dfj]zLtfsf] If]q tyf
dxTjnfO{ j'emfpg]
g]kfndf g]kfnn] s] Dfl:tis ;xefuLdfemdf g]kfnn] ckgfPsf] ;
;l3otf k| lsg / s;/L ; dGyg, +3Lo k|0ffnL s:tf] 5 egL
0ffnL +l3otfnfO{ k|:t'tL / ;xefuLljrdf 5nkmn u/fpg],
ckgfof]< 5nkmn
;xhstf{n] ;+ljwfgdf ePsf]
Joj:yfaf/]df k|:t'tLs/0f ug{] . ;+l3o
k|0ffnL ;~rfng, ;+l3o k|0ffnLdf
gful/ssf] clwsf/sf jf/]df :ki6
kfl/lbg] .
:yfgLo ;/sf/sf] :j?k tyf :yfgLo
tx, :yfgLo ;/sf/ / ;+l3o ;/sf/sf
jf/]df :ki6 kfl/lbg] . :yfgLo k|b]z / ;
+3sf] If]qflwsf/sf] jf/]df :ki6

14
 kfl/lbg] .
n};;f;d}qL :yfgLo ;/sf/n] k|bfg ug{]
Hfgk| :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;d"x sfo{ cTofjZos ;]jfx? s] s] x'g eGg]
ltlglw ;fdflhs jf/]df ;d"x 5nkmn k|:t'tL / :ki6tf
x?sf] ;dfj]zLs/0fs kfl/n};;f;d'vL jgfpg hgk|ltlgwLx?
e'ldsf f nflu hgk| sf] k|ltj2tf lng].
ltlgwLsf]
e'ldsf

t];|f] ;q M n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] cjwf/0ff tyf cEof;

cled'vLs/0f kZrft ;xefuLx?n]
 != h}ljs ln+Ë / n}lËstfsf] leGgtf / n}lËs ;dfgtf eg]sf] s] xf] eGg]jf/]df
hfgsf/ x'g]5g\ .
 @=n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] dxTj af/]df hfgsf/ x'g]5g\ .
;fdu|LM d]6fsf8{ af]8{, Go"h lk|G6, Uo"li6s, s}rL, :s]n, kfj/KjfO{G6 /
tYof+s
;do M ! 306f #) ldg]6
;qof]hgfM
pklzif{s laifoj:t' Lalw k|lzIf0f lqmofsnfk ;do
Hf}las Dflxnf k|:t'tLs/0f ;d"x !=Dflxnf, k'?if, t];|f]
ln+Ë k"?if t];|f] 5nkmn ln+lusf af/]df dl:tis dGyg
n}lustf ln+lu ub{} ;xefuL nfO{ :ki6
ljrsf] kfg{]
km/s / @=lkt[;Qfn] dlxnfsf nflu
zlQm u/]sf] lje]b af/]df 5nkmn
;Gt'ng u/fpg]
#= g]kfnL dlxnfx?n]
;fj{hlgs hLjgdf k|fKt
u/]sf] cj;/ jf/] 5nkmn
15
 rnfpg]

;dtf / ;dtf / lrq af/]df 5nkmn u/fpg],

;dfgtf ;dfgtf lrqaf6 ;dtf / ;dfgtf af/]df
eg]sf] s] 5nkmn rnfpg],=;dtf /
xf] ;dfgtf s:tf] s:tf] cj:yfdf
;dtf / cfjZos kb{5 eGg] af/]df
;dfgtf s;/L :ki6 kfg{]
ug{]
Nf}lËs Dflxnfn] K|f:t'tLs/0f lrqsf] 5nkmnaf6cltt /
e'ldsf lgjf{x 5nkmn jt{dfgdf dlxnfdf cfPsf]
u/]sf] zlQm;Gt'ng kl/jlt{t dlxnfsf] e'ldsfsf
e'ldsf sf] v]n af/]df 5nkmn rnfpg]
n}lËs Jojxfl/s / / k|:t'tL s/0f cfjZostf s] xf] < dlxnf /
cfjZostf 0fgLlts 5nkmn v]n k"?ifsf s] s:tf cfjZostf
cfjZostf x'G5g < egL 5nkmn
rnfpg],hgk|ltlglwx?sf]
e'ldsf af/df 5nkmn rnfpg]

Rf}fyf] ;q M;fdflhs ;dfa]zLs/0fsf] cjwf/0ff tyf cEof;df :yfgLo hgk|

ltlgwLsf] e'ldsf
pb]ZoM cled'vLs/0f kZrft ;xefulx?n]
 ;dfj]zLs/0f s] lsg eGg] jf/]df hfgsf/ x'g]5g\ .
 ;dfj]zL ljsf;sf] nflu cfkm\gf] e'ldsfsf af/]df atfpg ;Sg]5g\ .
 g]kfnsf ;dfj]zLs/0fdf ePs]f sfo{x? af/] hfgsf/ x'g]5g\ .
 ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0fsf nflu hgk|ltlglwx?sf] e'ldsfsf] vf]hL ug{]5g\ .
;fdu|LM d]6fsf8{ af]8{, Go"h lk|G6, Uo"li6s, s}rL, :s]n, kfj/KjfO{G6 /
tYof+s,
;do M ! 306f #) ldg]6
;qof]hgfM
16
pklzif{s laifoj:t' Lalw k|lzIf0f lqmofsnfk ;do
;dfj]zLs/0f ;dfj]zLs/0f 5nkmn ;fdflhs;dfgtf / ;dtfsf]
s] lsg / s;/L jf/]df5nkmn u/fpg],
;dfj]zLs/0f s] lsg
s;/L ;DjGw eGg]
jf/]df 5nkmn
rnfpg] .;xhstf{n]
;dfj]zLs/0f
nfO{ j'emfpg] /
g]kfnn] s] k|of; u/]sf]
5 To;jf/]df jtfO{ lbg]
;d'x cEof; ;xefulx?nfO{ # ;d'xdf
ljefhg ug{], hgk|
ltlglwx?n]
;dfj]zLs/0fsf nflu s]
ug{ ;Sb5g eGg] jf/]df
k|t'tL u/fpg] / k|ltj2tf
lng]
;dfj]zLs/0fsf =;dfj]zLs/0f k|:t'tLs/0f ;xefuLsf] cj:yf
nflu ; k|j2gsf klxrfgsf nflu cg'ej
+j}wflgs tyf nflu ; jtfpg nufpg], ;
sfg"gL +}j}wflgs +j}wflgs tyf sfg"gL
Joj:yf sfg"gL Joj:yf af/] jtfO{ lbg]
Joj:yf k|:t'tLs/0f ug{] .

:yfgLo hgk| cg'ej cfbg k| ;d'x 5nkmn,

ltlgwLsf] bfg / k|:t'tL =;dfj]zLs/0fsf]
e'ldsf If]q,;dfj]zLs/0f ug{
;Sg] If]q,=;dfj]zLs/0f
ug{] tl/sf s] s]
x"g;S5g, ;dfj]zLs/0fsf
afwfx? s] s]b]Vg"
ePsf] 5 egL ;d'x
17
 5nkmn u/fpg]

kfrf} ;q Mn}lËs pQ/bfoL sfo{qmd tyf ah]6 th{'df cjwf/0ff /

cEof;
pb]ZoM cled'vLs/0f kZrft ;xefulx?n]

 n}lËs pQ/bfoL ah]6;DjlGw cGt/fli6«o / /fli6«o hfgsf/L

 n}pj eg]sf] s] xf] lsg cfjZos 5 / o;sf kmfO{bf
 n}pa sfo{qmdsf] ;"rs af/] hfgsf/L
;fdu|LM d]6fsf8{ af]8{, Go"h lk|G6, Uo"li6s, s}rL, :s]n, kfj/KjfO{G6 /
tYof+s,
;do M ! 306f #) ldg]6
;qof]hgfM
pklzif{ laifoj:t' Lalw k|lzIf0f lqmofsnfk ;do
s
n}lËs N}flËs pQ/bfoL jh]6
pQ/bfoL eg]sf] s] xf] egL 5nkmn
jh]6 eg]sf] rnfO{ pgLx?sf] hfgsf/Lsf]
n}lËs s] xf] < cj:yf klxrfg ub{} tkfO{n]
pQ/bfo dl:tis dGyg, klg n}lus pQ/bfoL jh]6sf]
L k|:t'tLs/0f / jf/]df s'g} :yfgLo
jh]6 Nf}lËs pQ/ 5nkmn sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'g]
bfoL jh]6 df}sf kfpg' ePsf] 5 egL
sfo{qmdsf] 5nkmn u/fpg]
dxTj tyf
kmfO{bf ;xhstf{n] o; ;DjGwdf
cy{dGqfnod k|:t'tLs/0f u/L ;xefuLnfO{
f /x]sf] :ki6 kfg{]
n}lËs
pQ/bfoL of]hgf 5gf}6df dlxnf, afn
18
jh]6 ;ldlt jflnsf, ckfª,h]i7gful/s,
lk58f ju{, cNk ;+Vos
cflbsf] cnu cnu k|
fyldlss/0f ug{'kg{] egL
;xefuLnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg]
n}pasf] dxTjsf af/]df
;xefulx?nfO{ :ki6 kfg{]

N}flËs k|:t'tLs/0f ;xefuLsf dfemdf

pQ/bfoL 5nkmn tkfO{ s;nfO{ n}lËs
jh]6 pQ/bfoL jh]6 sfo{qmdsf]
sfo{qmdsf] P]ltxfl;s k[i6e'ld yfxf 5 <
cGt/fli6«o eg]/ v'Nnf k|Zg ul/ 5nkmn
tyf rnfpg] / pgLx? af6 cfPsf]
/fli6«oljsf;q hjfkmnfO{ ;xhst{fn] ;
md +jf]wg ub{} o;sf] /fli6o
cGt/fli6o cEof; af/]df
hfgsf/L u/fpg]
n}lËs ;'rs af/]df n}lËs pQ/bfoL ah]6
pQ/bfoL k|:t'tLs/0f ljZn]if0f ubf{ s] s] s'/fdf
ah]6 ug{] Wofg lbg' kb{5 eg]/
ljZn]if0f ;d'x 5nkmn pgLx?nfO{ ;f]Wg] /
ubf{ Wofg pgLx?af6 cfPsf]
lbg'kg] s'/fnfO{ ;dfof]hg ub{]
{ s'/fx? ;xhstf{n] :ki6 kfl/lbg]

n}lËs pQ/ n}pasf ;"rsx?nfO{ ;d"xdf

bfoL jh]6 k9\g nufO{ lt ;'rs k9]kl5
lgdf{0fsf s] hfgsf/L kfpg' eof]
nflu k|of]u eg]/ ;fd"lxs 5nkmn
ul/g] ;'rs tyf u/fpg] . ;xhstf{n] To;nfO{
o;sf] k|of]u ;lhnf] x'g]ul/ To;df cfPsf
ljlw k|Zgsf] ;+jf]wg ul/ ;'rsdf
c+sef/ lbg] tl/sf af/]
19
 5nkmn u/L :ki6 kfg{].
Hfgk|ltlgwLsf] cj:yf
j'em]/ hgk|ltlgwLsf] e'ldsf
s] x'g ;Sb5 egL 5nkmn
u/fpg]

5}6f} ;q M :yfgLo txdf Affnd}qL zf;gsf] cEof; / :yfgLo txsf] e'ldsf

pb]ZoM cled"vLs/0f kZrft ;xefuLx?n]M
 afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g af/]df hfgsf/ x'g]5g\ .
 afn aflnsf ;DjlGw sfg"gL Joj:yf tyf afnd}lq :yfgLo zf;gsf ;"rsx?sf
af/]df hfgsf/ x'g]5g\ .
 afnd}qL :yfgLo lgsfo lgdf{0fdf hgk|ltlgwLx?sf] e'ldsf jf/]df hfgsf/
x'g]5g\
;fdu|LM d]6fsf8{ af]8{, Go"h lk|G6, Uo"li6s, s}rL, :s]n, kfj/KjfO{G6 /
tYof+s,
;do M ! 306f #) ldg]6
;qof]hgfM
pklzif laifoj:t' lalw k|lzIf0f lqmofsnfk ;do
{s

afnd} afnd}qL lrq5nkmn

qL zf;gsf]cjwf jRrfsf] lrq b]vfP/ To;jf6 s]
:yfgL /0ff j'em\g ;lsG5 egL 5nkmn
o zf;g rnfpFb} afn d}qL zf;g s] xf] lsg
rflxG5 eGg] jf/]df :ki6 kfg{] .

afn arfpF, K|f:t'tL Afnjrfpdf s] s] kb{5g jfn ;

afn ;+/If0f, 5nkmn +/If0fdf s] s] kb{5g / jfn ljsf;df
afn ljsf;, s] s] kb{5g jfn ;xefuLdf s] s]
afn ;xeflutf kb{5g egL 5nkmn ul/ afn
20
 clwsf/sf oL rf/ cfwf/ :tDe x'g
eGg] jf/]df :ki6tf Nofpg] .
afnd} afnd}qL k|:t'tL :yfgLo txnfO{ afnd}qL :yfgLo
qL :yfgLo ;d"x zf;g jgfpgsf nflu s] s] sfd ug{"
:yfgL zf;gsf ;'rsx? 5nkmn knf{< eGg] jf/]df 5nkmn
o zf;g afn u/fpg] .
clwsf/ Efjg lgdf{0fdf Wofglbg'kg{] .
;DjlGw sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf
sfg"gL Wofglbg'kg{] . of]hgf 5gf}6df
Joj:yf afnlxt s]lGb|t sfo{qmd jgfpg'
kg{] cflbdf Wofglbg' kb{5 eGg]
afnd}qL af/]df 5nkmn rnfpFb} o;sf
:yfgLo nflu:yfgLo txn] s;/L sfd ug{'
zf;gsf] ; knf{ cyf{t :yfoL ;+/rgfsf nflu
+:yfut ; s;/L Joj:y fug{ ;lsPnf eGg] jf/]df
+/rgf, / ljsf; 5nkmn u/fpg] .
;DjGwL ;"r Afn clwsf/sf] sfg"gL Joj:yf jf/]
s< k|:t'tL
afnd} of]hgf tyf K|f:t'tL :yfgLo txsf] ;+/rgf lgdf{0fdf
qL jh]6, ; 5nkmn Wofg lbg'kg{] s'/fx?, jh]6 lgsf;
:yfgL +/rgf / ubf{ afnaflnsfsf] lxt s]lGb|t
o /0fgLlt sfo{qmdsf] 5gf}6 / jh]6df Wofg
zf;gsf lbg'kg{] s'/fx? . sfo{qmd to ubf{
] If]q jfnd}qL jgfpgsf nflu s] s] s'/fdf
Wofg lbg' kg{] s'/fx? af/]df hgk|
ltlgwLx?sf] e'ldsf af/]df sfkLdf
l6k/] eGg nufpg] . / k|ltj2tf lng]
k|of; ug{]

;ftf}{ ;qM :yfgLo txdf ;'rgfsf] xs -hgk|ltlgwLsf] e'ldsf / bfloTj

cled'vLs/0f kZrft ;xefuLx?n]
 /fHojf6 k|fKt ;]jfx?sf af/]df hfgsf/ x'g]5g .

21
  gful/snfO{ :yfgLo ;/sf/n] lbg'kg{] ;'rgf / ;f] sf] tl/sfsf] af/]df
hfgsf/ x'g]5g\.
 kf/bzl{L :yfgLo zf;g lgdf{0fdf hgk|ltlglwsf] e'ldsf sf jf/]df hfgsf/
x'g]5g
;fdu|LM d]6fsf8{ af]8{, Go"h lk|G6, Uo"li6s, s}rL, :s]n, kfj/KjfO{G6 /
tYof+s,
;do M ! 306f #) ldg]6
;qof]hgfM
pklzif{s laifoj:t' lalw k|lzIf0f lqmofsnfk ;do
;'rgfsf] xs ;'rgfsf] xs s] ;d"x ;xhstf{n]
xf]<;'rgfsf] xs 5nkmnk|:t'tLs ;xefuLnfO{ ;'rgfsf]
;DjlGw ;}j}wflgs tyf /0f xs s] xf] lsg
sfg"gL Joj:yf, ;'rgf k| rflxG5 . s:tf
flKtsf] Joj:yf / s:tf ;'rgfx? Gful/sn]
To;sf] ph"/Lsf] Joj:yf kfpg' kb{5 eGg]
jf/]df 5nkmn
rnfO{ k[i7kf]if0f
lbb} o; jf/]df ;d"xdf
5nkmn
ug{ nufO{ k|:t'tls/0
f ug{] .

/fHoaf6 :yfgLo ;/sf/ / ;/sf/L Dfl:tis dGyg ;xhstf{n] ;'rgfsf] xs

k|fKt x'g] sfof{nox?n] k|bfg tyf k|:t'tL / tyf ;'rgfsf] xs
;]jfx? ug{] 5nkmn ;DjlGw ;+j}wflgs
;]jfx?,;]jf lng] tyf sfg'gL Joj:yfsf]
tl/sf,gful/sj8fkq,;xfotf hfgsf/L u/fpg] /
sIf, ;'rgf dfUg] / lbg] /fHo2f/f
tl/sf lbO{g] .;]jfx?sf
jf/]df hfgsf/L
u/fpg].=;"rgf dfu
ug{] tl/sf / ;f] ;'rgf
22
 k|fKt gePdf To;sf]
ph'/L ug{] tl/sf
af/]df hfgsf/L
u/fpg]
hgk| kf/bzl{L :yfgLo zf;g ;d'x kf/bzl{L :yfgLo
ltlwsf] lgdf{0fdf hgk| 5nkmn zf;g lgdf{0fdf hgk|
e"ldsf ltlglwsf] e'ldsf ltlglwsf] e'ldsf s] s]
x'g ;S5g egL
5nkmn u/fpg] /
k|:t'tLs/0f ug{] .

cf7f};q M=:yfgLo txdf n};;f; d'nk|jfxLs/0fsf nflu sfg"gL Joj:yfx? -gLlt

lgod, jh]6 tyf
of]hgf_
pb]ZoM cled'vLs/0f kZrft ;xefulx?n]
 d'nk|jfxLs/0f jf/]df hfgsf/ x'g]5g .
 :yfgLo:t/sf] sfg"gdf d'nk|jfxLs/0f ;DjlGw sfg"g tyf of]hgf af/]
hfgsf/ x'g]5g .
 n}flus ;dfgtf tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff pkzfvfsf af/]df hfgsf/ x'g]5g
;fdu|LM d]6fsf8{ af]8{, Go"h lk|G6, Uo"li6s, s}rL, :s]n, kfj/KjfO{G6 /
tYof+s,
;do M ! 306f #) ldg]6

;qof]hgfM
pklzif{s laifoj:t' lalw k|lzIf0f lqmofsnfk ;do
;dfj]zLs/0f ;dfj]zLs/0f / lrqsf jf/]df =lrqaf6 dlitis dGyg
d'nk| 5nkmn u/fO{ jlxis/0f ;dfhdf 5
jfxLs/0f u/fpg] To;nfO{ lg/fs/0f
23
 ug{sfnflu ;dfj]zLs/0f
tyf d'nk|jfxL s/0fsf]
cfjZostfsf]
d;;';Ls/0fsf]] k|of;
ug{]
;dfj]zLs/0fsf ;dfj]zLs/0f K|f:t'tL k|:t'tLaf6 ;dfj]zLtfsf
nflu ;
k|j2gsf 5nkmn nflu ePsf :yfgLo
+j}wflgs tyf nflu ; sfg"gsf] Joj:yf jf/]
sfg"gL +}j}wflgs hfgsf/L u/fpg],
Joj:yf sfg"gL cfrf/;+lxtfdf ePsf
Joj:yf Joj:yfx?sf af/]df
: 5nkmn rnfpg] .
yfgLosfg"g
df n};;f;
;DjlGw
Joj:yfx?
ufpF gu/ gu/ tyf ufpF ;d"x 5nkmn N{}flËs ;dfgtf tyf
sfo{kflnsf- n}lËs ;dfgtf k|:t'tL ;fdflhs ;'/Iff pkzfvf n]
sfo{ljefhg_ O{sfO{ n}{;;f;sf nflu s] s] sfd
lgodfjnL ug{'kb{5 eGg] k|
@)&$ Zgdf ;xefuLx?
nfO{ $;d"xdf ljefhg
ul/ 5nkmn / k|:t'tL
u/fpg]

gjf};q M Joj:yfkgsf Ifdtf tyf l;k -j}7s ;~rfng, ;do Joj:yfkg, ;|f]t Joj:yfkg,
;dGjo/ ;xsfo{_
pb]ZoM cled'vLs/0f kZrft ;xefulx?n]
 Joj:yfkgsf]] Ifdtf / l;k jf/]df hfgsf/ x'g]5g
 Joj:yfkgsf ci6 dgf]j[lQ af/]df hfgsf/ x'g]5g
 sfo{kflnsf ;ef -ufpF;ef, gu/ ;ef_ sf] a}7s ;DaGwL k|fjwfg
24
 af/] hfgsf/ x'g]5g .
;fdu|LM d]6fsf8{ af]8{, Go"h lk|G6, Uo"li6s, s}rL, :s]n, kfj/KjfO{G6 /
tYof+s,
;do M ! 306f #) ldg]6
;qof]hgfM
pklzif{s laifoj:t' lalw k|lzIf0f lqmofsnfk ;do
Joj:yfkg lrq ljin]if0f
sf Ifdtf Joj:yfkgsf Ifdtf tyf lrqsf] ug{ nufpg] . !=#)
tyf l;k l;k eg]sf] s] xf] < ljZn]if0f
lsg cfjZos 5 < k|:t'tL Joj:yfkgsf Ifdtf tyf
l;knfO{ g]t[Tj;+u
5nkmn
hf]8\g] / Joj:yfkgsf]
1fg / l;k g]t[Tjdf geO{
gx'g] u'0f xf] eGg]
jf/]df :ki6tf Nofpg]
;'Gg] Ifdtf pknJwtf, k|:t'tL Joj:yfkgsf nflu ci6
Joj:yfkg cfjZostf_;xgztmL dgf]a[ltsf af/]df k|:t'tL
5nkmn
sf nflu cg's'ng / ;xefulx?;+u ePsf]
ci6dgf]j[ IfdtflaZn]if0f Ifdtf dgf]j[lQx? n]v]/ k9\g
lQ lg0f{o ug{] Ifdtf nufpg] .
lhDd]jf/L lng] Ifdtf JolQmnfO{ g]tf jGgsf
;fd"lxs efjgf nflu jf g]t[TjnfO{ ;lx
Joj:yfks jGgsf nflu
slDtdf * dg]fj[lQsf]
cfjZostf 5 eGg]
jf/]df ;femf
j'emfO{ jgfpg]
a}7s ;~rfngsf nflu ]
sfo{kfln ufpF;ef, gu/ ;ef_ sf] Wofg lbg'kg{] s'/fx?
sf;ef a}7s ;DaGwL k| s] s] x'g egL 5nkmn
fjwfg, rnfpg]. S'g}
a}7ssf] cWoIftf, ;xefuLnfO{ cg'ej ;'gfp
25
 a}7ssf] nflu u0fk'/s g nufpg] / To;kl5
;Î\of ,a}7ssf] kfj/KjfO{G6jf6 k|:t'tL
lg0f{o , ul/ ;xefuLnfO{ j}7s
ljz]if a}7s,a}7ssf] ;~rfngsf nflu :ki6tf
sfo{;"rL / ;"rgf lbnfpg]
Joj:yfkgsf Ifdtf tyf k|:t'tL ;xefuLx?df lrqsf]
l;k-j}7s ;~rfng, ;do 5nkmn ljin]if0f ul/
Joj:yfkg, ;|f]t Joj:yfkgsf] 1fg l;k /
Joj:yfkg ;dGjo g]t[Tjsf af/]df
;xsfo{_ hfgsf/L u/fpg]

a}7s ;~rfng jf k|:t'tL sfo{kflnsf ;ef -ufpF;ef,

Joj:yfkg gu/ ;ef_sf] a}7s
5nkmn
;DaGwL k|fjwfg,
a}7ssf] cWoIftf ,
a}7ssf] nflu u0fk'/s
;Î\o,a}7ssf] lg0f{o ,
ljz]if a}7s, a}7ssf]
sfo{;"rL / ;"rgf

bzf} ;qM lbuf] ljsf; nIo ;lxt n};;f; :yflgos/0fsf nflu sfo{ of]hgf
cled'vLs/0f kZrft ;xefulx?n]
 n};;f; ;DjlGw ;x>flJb nIosf jf/]df hfgsf/ hfgsf/ x'g]5g\ .
 :yfgLo ljsf;df n};;f; ;DjlGw ;x>flJb nIonfO{ k|of]udf Nofpg]
jf/]df hfgsf/ x"g]5g\ .
;fdu|LM d]6fsf8{ af]8{, Go"h lk|G6, Uo"li6s, s}rL, :s]n, kfj/KjfO{G6 /
tYof+s,
;do M ! 306f #) ldg]6

26
;qof]hgfM
pklzif{s laifoj:t' lalw k|lzIf0f lqmofsnfk ;do
lbuf] ljsf; n};;f; k|:t'tLs/0f ;d"x lbuf] ljsf; nIo s] xf]< o;n] !=#)
nIo ljsf;df 5nkmn n}{;;f; ljsf;df s;/L ;xof]u ldg]
;x>flJb ub{5 eGg] 5nkmn rnfO{ 6
nIox? lbuf] ljsf;nIox? k|:t't ul/
n};;f;;+u ;DjlGwt ;x>flJb
nIox? sfkLdf n]Vg nufP/
eGg nufO{ :ki6tf kfg{] .

lbuf] of]hgfdf s;/L oL nIox?nfO{ :yfgLo

ljsf;nIosf] : lbuf] txsf] sfo{qmddf kfl/t
yflgos/0f ljsf;sf nIf ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 eg]/ 5nkmn
rnfpg] . ;fdflhs ljsf; zfvfdf
/x]sf] n}lus ljsf;
O{sfO{sf] j}7saf6 / j8fjf6
;d]t oL ljifox?nfO{ ;
+jf]wg x'g] vfnsf] of]hgf
5gf}6df k|fyldlss/0f ug{
;lsg] s'/fdf :ki6tf Nofpg] .
:yfgLo txdf ;d"x sfo{ ;xefuLx?nfO{ $ ;d"xdf
n};;f; d'nk| gLlt,jh]6 / ljefhg ug{] .n};;f; s]lGb|t
jfxLs/0fsf sfo{qmd kfFrjif{] sfo{of]hgf tof/
nflu ug{] / k|:t'tL
sfo{of]hgf -;Dej eP;Dd_

P3f/f} ;q M ;fd'bflos g]t[Tj, g]t[Tjsf lsl;d

pb]ZoM cled'vLs/0f kZrft ;xefulx?n]
 g]t[Tjn] Wofg lbg'kg{] s'/fsf] jf/]df hfgsf/ x'g]5g\
 g]tf g]t[Tj / g]t[Tjsf ljz]iftfx? af/]df hfgsf/ x'g]5g
 g]tf, g]t[Tj / ;fdflhs kl/rfngsf] ;fdfGo cjwf/0ff jf/]df hfgsf/ x'g]5g\ .=
27
;fdu|LM d]6fsf8{ af]8{, Go"h lk|G6, Uo"li6s, s}rL, :s]n, kfj/KjfO{G6 /
tYof+s,
;do M ! 306f #) ldg]6
;qof]hgfM
pklzif{s laifoj:t' lalw k|lzIf0f lqmofsnfk ;do
g]tf, ;dfhsf g]tfx? / ltgn] !=#)
g]t[Tj / 5nkmn / u/]sf] sfo{sf
;dflhs k|:t'tL cfwf/df ;dfh kl/rfng s]
kl/rfng s;/L / s:tf] tl/sfn]
eO{ /x]sf] 5 .
;dfhnfO{ k|efjsf/L
tl/sfn] ;~rfng ug{ ;s]
g;s]sf] jf/]df 5nkmn
u/fpg]
g]t[Tjsf] cg'ej cfbg k|bfg ul/
Ifdtf tyf 5nkmnu/fpg]
l;k,g]t[Tjn]
Wofg
lbg"kg{]
s'/fx?
g]t[Tjsf k|sf/

dfGotf, k| ;+rf/stf{,pTk|]/s, ;d'x ;

sf/, ;DefJo +rfns, ;Nnfx / ;xof]u,
ljifoj:t'x?, ; of]hgfsf/ / lg0f{ostf{,
Defjgf / cg'udg / d'Nofsg
cj;/,:yfgLo stf{, ;fdflhs kl/rfns /
txjf6 ;fdflhs cleofgstf{ljrsf]
kl/rfng ;dGjosf af/]df 5nkmn
sfo{qmd u/fpg]
sfof{Gjogsf
nflu k|:tfljt
k|s[of,
28
;q of]hgf

वाह्रौ सत्र: सामाजिक परिचालन

सेशनको उदे श्य : योसेशनको अन्त्यमा सहभागीहरुलाई निम्न ज्ञान, शिप र अवधारणा प्राप्त हुनेछ

1. नेपालमासामाजिक परिचालनको विकासक्रमर अभ्यास वारे वताउन सक्नेछन ्

2. सामाजिकर आर्थिक रुपान्तरणका लागि सामाजिक परिचालनको औचित्य र आवश्यकता वारे
जानकारी प्राप्त गर्नेछन ्
3. परिवर्तितपरिवेशमासामाजिक परिचालनको कार्यनीति पहिचान गर्नेछन ्|

दिन / समय विषयवस्तु विधि तथा क्रियाकलाप अपेक्षित सिकाइ

समय सामाजिक परिचालन
तेस्रो दिन १५मिनेट सामाजिकपरिचालन सामाजिक परिचालनको पष्ृ ठभुमि सामाजिक परिचालन कुनै नयाँ
( १.०० को पष्ृ ठभमि
ु , वारे सहभागीको बझ
ु ाइको स्तर अभ्यास नभई परापर्व
ु कालदे खि
-३.०० ) मान्यता पहिचानगर्ने र सामाजिक अभ्यासगरिदै आएको हाम्रो
परिचालनको पष्ृ ठभुमि स्लाइड सामजिक क्रियाकलाप हो भन्ने
प्रस्तत
ु गर्ने सिकाइ हुनेछ |
  २०मिनेट सामाजिकपरिचालन सहभागीहरुको विचार संकलन, सामाजिक परिचालनको महत्व र
के हो र किन ( मस्तिस्क मन्थन गराउने र आवश्यकताको बोध भएको हुनेछ
उदे श्य ) आएका वद
ु ाहरुन्यज
ु प्रिन्टमा टिप्दै | सामाजिक परिचालन सामाजिक
उदाहरण सहित छलफल गराउने र शसक्तिकरणको सशक्तविधि हो
सामाजिक परिचालनका पांचप्रमुख र सफल सामाजिकपरिचालनले
उदे श्य भएको स्लाइड प्रस्तुत गर्ने मात्रसुशासनको प्रत्याभूत गर्न
| सक्ने रहे छभन्ने बोध भएको
हुनेछ |
  २०मिनेट सामाजिकपरिचालन सहभागीहरुवाटसामाजिकपरिचालन हाम्रा समस्या र
का क्षेत्र तथाविगतमा का माध्यमद्वारा गराउन सकिने आवश्यकताहरुवहुप्रकृतिका छन ् |
सामाजिकपरिचालन कामहरुको लिस्टिं ग गर्ने | विगतमा यी समस्या र आवश्यकताको
अभ्यास र उपलव्धी भएकाकामहरु वारे प्रत्येकलाई ४-४ परिपूर्तिका
वुदा टिप्न लगाउने | अन्त्यमा लागिसमुदायमापारस्परिक
सभागीवाट नसमेटिएकापक्ष्यहरु सहयोग, सदभाव र साझाप्रयत्नको
सहित सामाजिक परिचालनवाट खाँचो छ | यसर्थ सामाजिक
गर्न सकिने र भएका कामहरु वारे परिचालनका माध्यमवाट यी
छलफल गराउने ( Success Cases कुराको पूर्ति गर्न रसामाजिक,

29
 Slide समावेश छ ) आर्थिक रुपान्तरण गर्न सकिन्छ
भन्ने बोध र अनुभूत भएको
हुनेछ /नागरिकका कर्तव्य र
अधिकार वारे सुसुचित भएका
हुनेछन ् |
  २५मिनेट सामाजिकपरिचालन वदलिएको परिवेशमा सामाजिक सामाजिक सामाजिककार्यक्रमको
का लागिआगामी परिचालन आवश्यक छ छै न भन्ने औचित्य वारे मा प्रस्ट भइस्थानीय
कार्यनीति वारे मासहभागीहरुको विचार संकलन परिवेश
गर्ने र पक्ष्य र विपक्ष्यमा आ- अनुसारसामाजिकपरिचालन
आफ्नो धारणा व्यक्त गर्नलगाउने कार्यक्रम संचालन गर्ने प्रतिवद्दता
| अन्त्यमा सामाजिक परिचालन प्राप्त भएको हुनेछ |
निरन्तर रुपमा चल्ने प्रक्रिया हो |
यसकोकार्य क्षेत्रतथाविषय फरक-
फरक हुन ् सक्ला तर आवश्यकता
रऔचित्यता सधै रहन्छ भन्ने कुरा
प्रस्ट पार्ने | आगामी कार्यनीति के
cfwf/e"t
हुनु पर्छ ;|f]t ;fdu|L
भन्ने विषयमा छलफल

 g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ गरी प्रस्तावितकार्यनीतिको स्लाइड

प्रस्तत
ु गरी सवै सरोकारवालाहरुको
 :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g @)&$ भूमिका वारे छलफल गर्नेगराउने
   ufpF५मिने
÷ gu/÷
ट pkdxfgu/
सेशनमुल्यांकन ÷dxfgu/kfnLsfsf
कुनैकुरामा अस्पस्टता kbflwsf/Lx?sf
भएमा समग्रसेशcfrf/;+lxtf
नमा प्रस्टता आएको
@)&$ छलफल हुनेछ |

 ufpF ÷ gu/kflnsfsf] j}7s ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw ;DjGwdf Joj:yf

ug{
jg]sf] lgodfjnL @)&$
 ufpFkflnsf ÷ gu/kflnsfaf6 ul/g] jhf/ cg'udg lgb{]lzsf @)&$
 ;dfj]zLs/0f af/]df g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ sf] k|:tjgf / df}lns xs /
/fHosf lgb{]zs l;2fGt tyf gLltx?
 n}+lus ;dfgtf tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f gLlt @)^^
 lbuf] ljsf; cjwf/0ffsf] nIo ;g\ @)!% b]lv @)#) ;Dd
 /fli6o of]hgfx?df n};;f;
 hflto lje]b ljgf ;xefuL x'g kfpg] clwsf/ x]g{'xf]; !(*(, cfO{Pncf],
 ;"rgfsf] xs ;DjGwL P]g / lgodfjnL
30
 Jfnjflnsf ;DjGwL P]g lgodfjnL
 dlxnf ;DjGwL ;Dk"0f{ lje]b pGd'ng ug]{ dxf;GwL !(&(
31
 cltl/Qm ;|f]t ;fdfu||L
:yfgLo;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g @)&$
s= ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnL / :yfgLo txsf] :j?k
!=g]kfnsf] ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnLsf] :j?k
k/Dk/fut ?kdf g]kfndf/xL cfPsf] PsfTds / s]lG›s[t zf;g k|0ffnLsf] cGTo ub}{
;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfn x'g] Aoa:yf g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] u/]sf] 5 . ;
+ljwfgn] /fHosf] d"n ;+/rgfsf ?kdf ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo u/L tLg tx /xg] /
:yfgLo txdf ufpFkflnsf, gu/kflnsf Pj+ lhNnf;ef /xg] Joa:yf u/]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfg
jdf]lhd ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txaLrsf] ;DaGw ;xsfl/tf, ;xcl:tTj / ;dGjosf]
l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t x'g] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfg tyf sfg"g adf]lhd /fHosf tLg j6}
txn] g]kfnsf] /fHo zlQmsf] k|of]u u5{g . /fHosf ;a} txn] cfˆgf] clwsf/If]q
leqsf] ljifodf sfg"g agfpg, aflif{s ah]6 agfpg], lg0f{o ug{] gLlt tyf of]hgf
tof/ ug]{ / To;sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 .
!:yfgLo tx ;DjGwL ;+ljwfgn] u/]sf d"ne"t Joj:yf
g]kfnsf] ;+lawfgn] cGo ljifosf cltl/Qm :yfgLo txsf] zf;g Joj:yfsf ;DaGwdf
u/]sf d'Vo Joj:yfx? lgDg adf]lhd /x]sf 5g\,
- ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tLg j6} txnfO{ ;+3Lo OsfO{ -Federal or
constituent Unit_sf ?kdf dfGotf,
- hgtfdf lglxt ;fj{ef}d;Qf / g]kfnsf] /fhsLo zlQmsf] k|of]u ;+ljwfg /
sfg"g adf]lhd :yfgLo txaf6 ;d]t x'g],
- cfjlws lgjf{rgsf] ;'lglZrttf -k|To]s % aif{df lgjf{rg x'g] / lgjf{lrt
kbflwsf/Lsf] sfo{sfn ;dfKt x'g' b'O{ dlxgf cufj} lgjf{rg ul/;Sg' kg]{,
- kbflwsf/Lx? b'O{ sfo{sfn dfq lgjf{lrt x'g kfpg],
- cfˆgf] clwsf/If]qleqsf ljifodf sfg"g, gLlt, of]hgf / ah]6 th{'df u/L
nfu" ug{ kfpg],
- cfˆgf] sfo{ laefhg tyf sfo{;Dkfbg ;DaGwL lgod agfO{ nfu" ug{
;Sg],
- sfg"g adf]lhd tf]lsPsf ljjfbx?df Gofo lg?k0f ug{;Sg],
- :yfgLo txk|lt pQ/bfoL :yfgLo ;]jfsf] u7g / k|zf;g ;~rfng,

32
 - ;+ljwfg / sfg"g adf]lhdsf cfly{s clwsf/If]qsf laifodf s/ nufpg ;Sg],
- tf]lsPsf If]qdf /fhZj afF8kmf+8sf] c+z k|fKt ug]{,
- :yfgLo txn] g]kfn ;/sf/ / k|b]z ;/sf/af6 cg'bfg k|fKt ug]{ .

#= ufpFkflnsf tyf gu/kflnsfsf] ;+Vof / ;Ldfgfdf x]/km]/ ;DjlGw Joj:yf

- ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsfsf] ;+Vof jf ;Ldfgf x]/km]/ ug{' k/]df To:tf]
x]/km]/af6 k|efljt x'g] ufpFkflnsf tyf gu/kflnsfsf] ;efdf tTsfn sfod
/x]sf] ;b:o ;+Vofsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtaf6 k|:tfj kfl/t u/L k|b]z ;/sf/df
k7fpg' k5{ .
- k|b]z ;/sf/n] To:tf] k|:tfj k|fKt ePsf] kG„ lbgleq g]kfn ;/sf/df l;kmfl/;
ug{' k5{ .
- k|b]z ;/sf/af6 l;kmfl/z k|fKt ePkl5 g]kfn ;/sf/n] ufpFkflnsf tyf
gu/kflnsfsf] ;+Vof jf ;Ldfgf x]/km]/ ug{ ;S5,
- Ps lhNnfsf] ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsfnfO{ csf]{ lhNnfdf kg]{ u/L ;Î\of
/ ;Ldfgf x]/km]/ ug{ gkfpg],
- o:tf] sfo{ ufpFkflnsf tyf gu/kflnsfsf] lgjf{rg x'g] ldlteGbf sDtLdf Ps
jif{ cufj} ul/;Sg' k5{ .

$= ufpFkflnsf tyf gu/kflnsfsf] ;+Vof / ;Ldfgf x]/km]/ ug]{ cfwf/

ufpFkflnsf tyf gu/kflnsfsf] ;+Vof, ;Ldfgf x]/km]/ ubf{ lgDg
s'/fnfO{ cfwf/ lnOg'k5{,
- hg;+Vof - eflifs, ;fd'bflos tyf ;f+:s[lts
- e"uf]n jgf}6sf] cj:yf .

- k|zf;lgs ;'udtf
- k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] cj:yf
- cfly{s ;DefJotf
- k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwgsf]
pknAwtf
33
% ufpFkflnsf tyf gu/kflnsfx? Ps cfk;df ufleg] Joj:yf
- s'g} lhNnfleqsf cfk;df ;Ldfgf hf]l8Psf b'O{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L
gu/kflnsf / gu/kflnsf, ufpFkflnsf / ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsf /
ufpFkflnsfn] rfx]df ;DalGwt ;efdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;b:o ;Î\ofsf]
ax'dtaf6 Ps cfk;df ufleg] k|:tfj kfl/t ug{ ;S5g\ .
- To:tf] k|:tfjdf gofF sfod x'g] ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsfsf] gfd, j8fsf]
;Ldfgf, ;Î\of tyf s]G› ;d]tsf] ljj/0f v'nfO{ k|b]z ;/sf/df k7fpg'
k5{ .
- k|b]z ;/sf/n] To:tf] k|:tfj tL; lbgleq g]kfn ;/sf/df l;kmfl/; ug{'
k5{ / g]kfn ;/sf/n] ufpFkflnsf tyf gu/kflnsfnfO{ Ps cfk;df ufEg]
lg0f{o ug{ ;S5 .
- ufleO{ sfod ePsf ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsfnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/ / k|
b]z ;/sf/n] ufleg'eGbf cufj} k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] cg'bfgsf] cltl/Qm
yk cg'bfg pknAw u/fpg]5.
^= ufpFkflnsf tyf gu/kflnsfsf] gfd jf s]Gb| kl/jt{g ;DjlGw Joj:yf
- ;DalGwt ;efdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;b:o ;Î\ofsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtn]
kfl/t u/]sf] ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsfsf] gfd jf s]G› x]/km]/ ug]
{ k|:tfj k|b]z ;/sf/dfkm{t g]kfn ;/sf/df k7fpg' k5{ .
- g]kfn ;/sf/n] pko'Qm b]v]df To:tf] ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsfsf] gfd
jf s]G› x]/km]/ ug{ ;S5 .
- ufpFkflnsf tyf gu/kflnsfsf] klxnf] lgjf{rg ePsf] ldltn] 5 dlxgfleq
gfd jf s]G› x]/km]/ ug{' k/]df ;DalGwt ;efdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf]
;b:o ;Î\ofsf] ax'dtaf6 k|:tfj kfl/t u/L Ps k6ssf] nflu ufpFkflnsf jf
gu/kflnsfsf] gfd jf s]G› x]/km]/ ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/df l;kmfl/; u/]df
g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;f] l;kmfl/; adf]lhd gfd jf s]G› x]/km]/ ug{'k5{ .
- o:tf] lg0f{o g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sfzg ePkl5 nfu" x'G5 .
- j8fsf] ;+Vof / ;Ldfgf x]/km]/ ;DjlGw Joj:yf
- :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ adf]lhd ufpFkflnsfdf % b]lv @!
j8f / gu/kflnsfdf ( b]lv #% j6f;Dd j8fx? sfod x'g ;S5g\ .

34
 - ufpF jf gu/ ;efsf] tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;b:o ;Î\ofsf]
b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtaf6 k|:tfj kfl/t u/L k|b]z ;/sf/ dfkm{t g]kfn
;/sf/df k7fPdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] 5 dlxgfleq j8fsf] ;Î\of jf ;Ldfgf
x]/km]/ ug{' k5{,
- ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsfsf] klxnf] lgjf{rg ePsf] 5 dlxgfleq j8fsf]
;Ldfgf x]/km]/ ug{ ufpF ;ef jf gu/ ;efsf] tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;b:o
;Î\ofsf] ax'dtaf6 k|:tfj kfl/t u/L k|b]z ;/sf/ dfkm{t g]kfn ;/sf/df
k7fPdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] j8fsf] ;Ldfgf x]/km]/ ug{' k5{,
- ;DjlGwt ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsfn] ;efsf] tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;b:o
;Î\ofsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtaf6 k|:tfj kfl/t u/L k|b]z ;/sf/dfkm{t
g]kfn ;/sf/df k7fPdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] To:tf] s'g} j8f ;Ldfgf hf]l8Psf]
ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsfdf ;dfj]z ug{ ;Sg]5,

&= j8fsf] s]Gb| x]/km]/ ug[{sf nflu k'j{;t{x?

- s'g} j8fsf] s]G› x]/km]/ ug{ cfjZos ePdf j8f ;ldltsf] k/fdz{df
ufpF ;ef jf gu/ ;efdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;b:o ;Î\ofsf]
b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtn] k|:tfj kfl/t u/L ug{ ;Sg],
- :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ k|f/De ePkl5 klxnf] k6ssf] nflu
eg] ;efdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;b:o ;Î\ofsf] ax'dtn] k|:tfj kfl/t u/L
j8fsf] s]G› x]/km]/ ug{ ;Sg] .
- j8fsf] s]G› x]/km]/ ePsf] lg0f{osf] hfgsf/L] k}FtL; lbgleq k|
b]z ;/sf/ / g]kfn ;/sf/df k7fpg' kg]{ .

* :yfgLo txnfO{ gu/kflnsf jf pkdxfgu/kflnsf jf dxfgu/kflnsf 3f]if0ff

ug{] ;DjlGw
Joj:yf.
- g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;DalGwt :yfgLo tx / k|b]z ;/sf/;Fu k/fdz{ u/L :yfgLo
;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$df tf]lsPsf zt{ tyf ;'ljwf k"/f u/]sf] cfwf/df
gu/kflnsf, pkdxfgu/kflnsf jf dxfgu/kflnsf 3f]if0ff ug{ ;S5 .

35
 - o;/L 3f]if0ff ubf{ To:tf] :yfgLo txsf] hg;+Vof / cfGtl/s cfo b]xfo
jdf]lhd ePsf] x'g' k5{,
gu/kflnsfsf hg;+Vof -slDtdf_ cfGtl/s cfo
] juL{s/0f -kl5Nnf] kfFr
aif{sf] aflif{s
cf}ift ¿=_
lxdfnL kxf8 t/fO lelq sf7df8
lhNnf L { lh dw]z f}F
lhNn Nnf pkTos
f f
gu/kflnsf - lxdfnL $) &% %) Ps nfv - lxdfnL If]q-
If]q -!) xhf/ xhf/ xhf/ Ps s/f]8
xhf/
- kxf8L - kxf8L, t/fO{,
If]q- $) lelq dw]z,
xhf/ pkTosf-tLg
s/f]8
pk @ nfv kRrL; s/f]8
dxfgu/kfln
sf
dxf % nfv Ps ca{
gu/kflnsf
gf]6M:yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt sfod /x]sf
gu/kflnsf, pkdxfgu/kflnsf jf dxfgu/kflnsf o;} P]g adf]lhd sfod ePsf]
dflgG5 .

v= :yfgLo txsf] u7g, sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/If]q / a}7s k|lqmof

- ufpF tyf gu/ ;ef / sfo{kflnsfsf ;b:o

- k|To]s ufpF;ef jf gu/;efdf ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsfsf] cWoIf jf k|d'v /
pkfWoIf jf pkk|d'v, ;DalGwt ufpFkflnsf tyf gu/kflnsfsf ;a} j8fsf j8f

36
 cWoIf / ufpFkflnsfdf rf/ hgf ;b:ox? / ;DjlGwt ;efaf6 blnt / cNk;
+Vos ;d'bfoaf6 ufpFsfo{kflnsfsf] ;b:odf lgjf{lrt @ hgf tyf
gu/kflnsfsf] xsdf lgjf{lrt # hgf ;b:ox? /xg]5g\ . ufp+ sfo{kflnsfsf]
cWoIf / pkfWoIf / gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] k|d'v / pkk|d'vn] qmdzM
ufp+ ;ef / gu/ ;efsf] kb]g cWoIf / pkfWoIf eO{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]
{5g .
- k|To]s ufpF tyf gu/sfo{kflnsfdf cWoIf jf k|d'v / pkfWoIf jf pkk|d'v,
k|To]s j8fsf] j8f cWoIf, ufpFkflnsfdf $ hgf / gu/kflnsfdf % hgf
;DjlGwt ;efsf dlxnf ;b:odWo]af6 ;efn] lgjf{lrt u/]sf ;b:o /
ufpFkflnsfdf @ hgf / gu/kflnsfdf # hgf ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsfsf]
dtbftf /x]sf] pd]bjf/ x'g of]Uo blnt jf cNk;+Vosaf6 ;DjlGwt ;efn]
lgjf{lrt u/]sf ;b:ox? /xg]5g .
- lhNnf ;efdf lhNnfleqsf ufp+ sfo{kflnsfsf cWoIf, pkfWoIf / gu/
sfo{kflnsf k|d'v / pkk|d'v ;b:o /xg]5g . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltdf ufpF;ef /
gu/;efsf ;b:ox?dWo]af6 lhNnf;efn] lgjf{lrt u/]sf Ps hgf k|d'v, Pshgf
pkk|d'v, slDtdf tLghgf dlxnf / Ps hgf blnt jf cNk;+Vos ;lxt a9Ldf
( hgf ;b:ox? /xg]5g .
- lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltdf lgjf{lrt ePkl5 ufpF;ef jf gu/;efdf efu lng]
;DjlGw Joj:yf
- lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltdf lgjf{lrt ePkl5 ufpF ;ef jf gu/;ef ;b:osf] kb ;
+ljwfg jdf]lhd :jtM l/Qm x'G5 . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltdf lgjf{lrt
eO;s]kl5 klxnf lgjf{lrt ePsf] ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsfsf] h'g kbdf
lgjf{lrt ePsf] xf] ;f] x}l;otdf ;ef jf sfo{kflnsfsf] s'g} klg a}7s jf cGo
k|lqmofdf ;xefuL x'g ldNb}g .
1. ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfsf] sfo{ tyf clwsf/ If]q ;DjlGw Joj:yf
:yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~‍rfng P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf !!df ufpFkflnsf /
gu/kflnsfsf] ;femf tyf Ps clwsf/x?sf] lj:t[t ?kdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
2. :yfgLo txsf] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/sf] k|of]u sf] If]q
;+ljwfg tyf sfg"g adf]lhd ufpF tyf gu/ sfo{kflnsfn] b]xfosf laifodf
sfo{sf/L clwsf/sf] k|of]u ug{ ;S5g,

37
 - ;+ljwfg / sfg"g adf]lhd zf;g Joj:yfsf] ;fdfGo lgb]{zg, lgoGq0f /
;~rfng ug{,
- ;+ljwfgsf] cg';"rL- * adf]lhdsf] Psn clwsf/ If]qleqsf @@ j6f
sfo{ clwsf/If]q cGt/ut :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ n] lj:t[lts/0f
u/] adf]lhdsf sfo{x? ;Dkfbg ug{],
- ;+ljwfgsf] cg';"rL- ( adf]lhdsf] ;femf clwsf/ If]qleqsf !% j6f
sfo{ clwsf/If]q cGt/ut :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ n] lj:t[lts/0f
u/] adf]lhdsf sfo{x? ;Dkfbg ug]{,
- :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$n] Joj:yf u/] adf]lhdsf cGo
sfo{x?;Dkfbg ug]{ tyf ;ª\‍3 jf k|b]zn] cfˆgf] clwsf/If]qleqsf] s'g}
ljifo ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsfnfO{ sfg"g agfO{ lgIf]k0f u/]sf] cj:yfdf
To:tf] sfo{x? ;Dkfbg ug]{ .
- :yfgLo txsf] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/sf] k|of]u ;DjlGw Joj:yf
- ;+ljwfg tyf :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g adf]lhd ufpFkflnsf tyf
gu/kflnsfsf] sfo{sf/L clwsf/ ufpF sfo{kflnsf tyf gu/ sfo{kflnsfdf
/x]sf] 5 .
- ;+ljwfg / sfg"g adf]lhd ;efn] ug]{ egL :ki6 Joj:yf eP afx]s
ufpFkflnsf tyf gu/kflnsfaf6 ;Dkfbg x'g] sfo{x? ufpF tyf gu/
sfo{kflnsfn] ;Dkfbg ug'{k5{ .
- ufpFkflnsf tyf gu/kflnsfsf] kbflwsf/L jf ;b:on] ug]{ egL sfg"g
adf]lhd lgwf{l/t sfo{x? lgh kbflwsf/L jf ;b:on] g} ;Dkfbg ug'{ k5{ .
- sfo{kflnsfn] cfˆgf] sfd sf/jfxL Jojl:yt ug{ cfjZostf cg';f/ s'g}
;b:osf] ;+of]hsTjdf ;ldlt jf pk;ldlt u7g u/L sfo{ ug{ ;S5 .
- sfo{kflnsfn] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/sf] k|of]u ubf{ cfjZostf cg';f/ sfg"g,
gLlt, of]hgf, dfkb08 tyf sfo{ljlw agfO{ ug'{k5{ .

3. :yfgLo txsf] Psn clwsf/If]q ;DjlGw Joj:yf

- :yfgLo txsf] Psn clwsf/If]q eg]sf] ;+ljwfgsf] cg';"rL- * adf]lhdsf]
clwsf/If]q ;Demg'k5{ .

38
 - o:tf] clwsf/If]qsf] k|of]u ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfn] cfˆgf] sfg"g agfO{
ug{ ;S5g\ / ;f] laifodf sfo{sf/L clwsf/ ;d]t k|of]u ug{ kfpF5g\ .

4. :yfgLo txsf] ;femf clwsf/ If]q

- :yfgLo txsf] ;femf clwsf/If]q eg]sf] ;+ljwfgsf] cg';"rL- ( adf]lhdsf]
clwsf/ ;Demg'k5{ .
- o:tf] clwsf/If]qsf] k|of]u ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfn] sfg"g adf]lhd
ug{ kfpF5g .
- ;femf clwsf/If]qsf laifodf aGg] :yfgLo sfg"g ;+3Lo tyf k|b]z
sfg"g;Fu aflemg' x'Fb}g . aflemPsf] v08df :yfgLo sfg"g
aflemPsf] xb;Dd jb/ / cdfGo x'G5 .
- g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %^ sf] pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd /fHozlQmsf] k|
of]u ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txn] o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd ug]{ / wf/f @#@ sf]
pkwf/f -!_ df ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txaLrsf] ;DaGw ;xsfl/tf,
;xcl:tTj / ;dGjosf] l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t x'g] eGg] pNn]v ePsf]n] /fHosf
gLlt tyf sfo{qmd tLg txsf ;/sf/af6 g} lgdf{0f Pj+ nfu" x'g]
ePsf]n] ;dfg rf;f] / ;/f]sf/sf ljifox¿ ;femf clwsf/sf] If]qdf /flvÞPsf]
xf]
5. laifout x:tfGt/0f ;DjlGw Joj:yf
;+3Lo jf k|b]z ;/sf/sf] If]qflwsf/leq /x]sf] s[lif, lzIff, :jf:Yo, ;xsf/L jf cGo
ljifo If]qsf sfo{x¿ h'g sfo{ klxn] ;+3Lo -s]G›Lo_ ;/sf/af6 g} ;Dkfbg
ul/GYof], To:tf sfo{x¿ P]gsf] Joj:yfåf/f;+3n] k|b]z jf :yfgLo txnfO{ / k|
b]zn] :yfgLo txnfO{ ;|f]t, ;fwg ;lxt x:tfGt/0f ug]{ sfo{ g} ljifout x:tfGt/0f
jf lgIf]k0f xf] . o:tf] x:tfGt/0f ;DjlGwt ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsfdf ug'{kg]
{ Joj:yf :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~‍rfng P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf !! sf] pkbkmf -$_ / -%_
n] u/]sf] 5 . P]gsf] bkmf !)$ n] ;d]t P]g nfu" ePsf] ^ dlxgfleq ;DjlGwt
lgsfon] ;DjlGwt :yfgLo txdf ;DklQ, bfloTj tyf ah]6sf] x:tfGt/0f ug{'kg]
{ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .

6. lhNnfl:yt laifout sfof{no ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfdf ;dfof]hg ;DjlGw

Joj:yf

39
 :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf !)$ adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/sf ljifout
dGqfnon] ;+ljwfg / o; P]g adf]lhd ufpFkflnsf tyf gu/kflnsfnfO{ k|fKt
clwsf/nfO{ cfwf/ dfgL of] P]g k|f/De ePsf] ldlt @)&$÷)^÷@( af6 ^
dlxgfleq cfkm" dftxtsf lgsfox¿sf] ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgf k'g/fjnf]sg u/L
ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsfsf] sfo{ lhDd]jf/L cg';f/ ;DalGwt txsf] gfddf
/x]sf] ;DklQ, bfloTj tyf ah]6 ;DalGwt ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsfdf
:yfgfGt/0f ug{'kg]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .

7. lhNnf;efsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/

d"ntM lhNnf;efsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @@)
sf] pkwf/f -&_ df pNn]v eP jdf]lhd g} xf] . lhNnf;efsf] tkm{af6
;Dkfbg ug'{kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ sfo{x? lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltn] ug]{{ Joj:yf
/x]sf] 5 . lhNnf;efnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/ jf k|b]z ;/sf/n] cGo sfo{ tf]Sg ;S5 . ;
+ljwfgdf pNn]v ePsf] jfx]s k|b]z sfg"gåf/f lhNnf;efsf] cGo
sfo{ tf]Sg ;lsg] Joj:yf ;+ljwfgn] u/]sf] 5 . k|b]z sfg"gn] cGoyf Joj:yf
gu/];Ddsf nflu lhNnf ;efsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g,
@)&$ sf] bkmf (@ adf]lhd x'g] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . lhNnf ;efn] cfˆgf]
clwsf/If]qsf ljifodf cfjZos sfo{ljlw, lgb]{lzsf tyf dfkb08 agfO{ nfu"
ug{ ;S5g .

8. ufpFkflnsf tyf gu/kflnsfn] lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt;Fu ug{} ;dGjo

;DjlGw Joj:yf
k|b]z sfg"gn] cGoyf Joj:yf u/]df afx]s ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @@) cg';f/
lhNnfleqsf ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfx¿aLr ;dGjo tyf cg'udg ug{ lhNnf ;ef
/xg] eGg] Joj:yf ePsf]n] ufpFkflnsf tyf gu/kflnsfx¿aLr ljsf; lgdf{0f
;DaGwL sfo{sf] cg'udg ug]{ / cGt/ :yfgLo txaLr cGt/ ;DalGwt sfo{df k|
efjsfl/tf Nofpg ;dGjo ug{'k5{ .
9. lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltn] laifout sfof{no;Fu ug{] ;dGjofTd e"ldsf
;DjlGw Joj:yf
:yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf (% df lhNnfdf /x]sf g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf
k|b]z ;/sf/sf sfof{nox¿n] lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt;Fu ;dGjo u/L sfo{ ug{'kg]
{ Joj:yf u/]sf]n] lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltn] ;dGjo u/fpg ;S5 .

40
- sfo{kflnsfsf] sfo{ ljefhg / sfo{;Dkfbg
ufpF tyf gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfo{ljefhg / sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;DaGwL
Joj:yf ;DjlGwt sfo{kflnsfn] :jLs[t u/]sf] lgodfjnL adf]lhd x'G5 .
- sfo{ljefhg / sfo{ ;Dkfbg lgodfjnL :jLs[t jf ;+zf]wg ePsf] ldltn]
kG„ lbgleq hfgsf/Lsf nflu k|b]z tyf g]kfn ;/sf/df k7fpg' k5{ .

- j8f ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ ;DjlGw Joj:yf

- :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$sf] bkmf !@ adf]lhd ufpF sfo{kflnsf

tyf gu/sfo{kflnsfn] sfo{ljefhg tyf sfo{ ;Dkfbg lgodfjnL agfO{ tf]s]
adf]lhd j8fsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ x'g] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .
- sfo{kflnsfn]j8fsf] clwsf/ tf]Sbf :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$n]
tf]s]sf b]xfosf laifo;Fu ;DjlGwt ** j6f sfo{ clwsf/If]qdf sdL gx'g]
u/L tf]Sg'kg]{ Joj:yf u/]s]f 5 .
o j8fleqsf of]hgf th{'df, sfof{Gjog tyf cg'udg ;DaGwL sfo{
o tYofÍ cBfjlws tyf ;+/If0f ;DaGwL sfo{
o ljsf; ;DaGwL sfo{
o lgodg ;DaGwL sfo{
o l;kmfl/z tyf k|dfl0ft ug]{ ;DaGwL sfo{

- kbflwsf/L, :yfgLo txsf ljleGg kbflwsf/Lsf] d'Vo d'Vo sfd, st{Jo /

clwsf/x? ;DjlGw Joj:yf
- kbflwsf/L eGgfn] ufpFkflnsfsf] xsdf cWoIf, pkfWoIf, j8fWoIf /
sfo{kflnsfsf ;b:o tyf gu/kflnsfsf] xsdf gu/ k|d'v, pkk|d'v, j8f cWoIf /
sfo{kflnsfsf ;b:onfO{ ;Demg'k5{ .

41
 - kbflwsf/Lsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$sf]
bkmf !^ adf]lhd ufpF sfo{kflnsf tyf gu/sfo{kflnsfn] sfo{ljefhg tyf
sfo{ ;Dkfbg lgodfjnL agfO{ tf]s] adf]lhd x'G5 .
10. j8f cWoIfsf] kb l/Qmtf / lghsf] sfo{;+kfbgsf] lhDd]jf/L ;DjlGw
Joj:yf
- j8f cWoIfsf] kb s'g} sf/0fn] l/Qm ePdf j8f ;ldltsf ;b:ox?n] cfkm"x?
dWo]af6 5gf}6 u/]sf] ;b:on] sfo{jfxs j8f cWoIf eO{ sfo{ ug{ ;S5 .
- s'g} j8fsf] lgjf{rg gePsf]df lgjf{rg geP;Ddsf nflu ;DjlGwt ufpF jf
gu/ sfo{kflnsfn] s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ j8f cWoIfsf] sfo{ ug]{ u/L
tf]Sg ;S5 .
-
11. sfo{kflnsfsf] a}7s;do ;DjlGw Joj:yf
- sfo{kflnsfsf] a}7s sDtLdf dlxgfsf] Ps k6s a:g'k5{ . cfjZostf cg';f/
sfo{kflnsfsf] a}7s hlxn] klg a:g ;S5 .
- sfo{kflnsfsf] a}7s;DjGwL cGo k|lqmof sfo{kflnsfn] a}7s ;~rfng
;DjGwL lgod agfO{ tf]s] adf]lhd x'G5 .
-
12. sfo{kflnsfsf] a}7sdf u0fk'/s ;+Vof ;DjlGw Joj:yf
- sfo{kflnsfsf] a}7ssf] nflu tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;b:o ;Î\ofsf] krf; k|
ltzteGbf a9L ;b:ox¿ pkl:yt ePdf u0fk'/s ;Î\of k'u]sf] dflgG5 .

- sfo{kflnsfsf] a}7ssf] lg0f{o ;DjlGw Joj:yf

- sfo{kflnsfsf] a}7ssf] lg0f{o ;j{;Ddltaf6 ug'{k5{,
- ;j{;Ddltaf6 lg0f{o x'g g;s]df sfo{kflnsfdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;b:o
;Î\ofsf] ax'dt ;b:oaf6 u/]sf] lg0f{o sfo{kflnsfsf] lg0f{o x'G5 .

13. ;efsf] a}7s k6s ;DjlGw Joj:yf

- ;efsf] a}7s ;fdfGotof jif{sf] b'O{k6s j:g'k5{ .

42
 - ;efsf Ps ltxfO{ ;b:ox¿n] ;efsf] a}7s af]nfpg cfjZos 5 egL lnlvt
cg'/f]w u/]df cWoIfn] !% lbgleq ;efsf] ljz]if a}7s af]nfpg' k5{ .

14. ;efsf] a}7s af]nfpg' ;DjlGw Joj:yf

- ;efsf] a}7s cWoIf jf k|d'vn] ;efsf] a}7s af]nfpg' k5{ .
- cWoIf jf k|d'vsf] lgb]{zgdf a}7ssf] sfo{;"rL ;lxt a}7s a:g] ldlt, ;do /
:yfg tf]sL & lbg cufj} k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[tn] a}7ssf] hfgsf/L u/fpg'
k5{ .

- ;efsf] a}7ssf nflu u0fk'/s ;+Vof

- ;efdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;Î\ofsf] krf; k|ltzteGbf a9L
;b:ox¿ pkl:yt ePdf ;efsf] a}7ssf] nflu u0fk'/s ;Î\of k'u]sf] dflgG5 .

- ;efsf] lg0f{o
- ;efsf] a}7ssf] lg0f{o ax'dt ;b:osf] lg0f{oaf6 x'G5 .
- ;efdf dt j/fj/ ePdf cWoIftf ug]{ JolQmn] lg0ff{os dt lbg ;S5 .
- ;efsf] a}7s ;DaGwL cGo sfo{ljlw ;ef cfkm}n] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd
x'G5 . ;fy} k|b]z sfg"gn] ;efsf] a}7s ;DaGwdf Joj:yf ug{ ;S5 .
- ;efsf] a}7ssf] lg0f{o ;efsf] cWoIftf ug]{ JolQmn] k|dfl0ft ug'{ k5{ .
- k|d'v k|zf;sLo clws[tn] ;efsf] ;lrj e} sfo{ ug]{5 .
- e]befj tyf jlxis/0fsf cltl/Qm cfofdx?
e"–/fhg
;fdflhs :t/ lnË hflt efiff wd{
Llt
k|jn, pRr k'?if, tfufwf/ g]kfnL lxGb' kxf8L
s]6f L, afx'g, afl;Gbfx
If]qL ?
tNnf] dlxnf, blnt cGo lxGb' dw]zLx?
s]6L afx]s

43
 - >f]tM cgO{Sjfon l;l6hG;\ M g]kfndf n}lËs, hft tyf hghflt alxis/0f
-@))^_
-
- g]kfndf ljleGg hghfltx? /x]sf 5g\ . ltlgx? lxdfn,kxf8 tyf t/fO{df
/x]sf 5g\ lxdfnL,kxf8Llelq t/fO{ / t/fO{df !*,@$,& / !) k|ltzt
cflbjfl;x? /x]sf 5g\ h'g lgDg cg';f/ 5g\ .
qm hghflt qm= hghflt qm= hghflt
=; ;++ ;+=
+=
! ls;fg @!
y'bfd $! ofSvf
@ s'dfn @@
bg'jf/ $@ /fO{
# s'z'08f @#
b/fO{ $# /fp6]
$ s'zjfl8of @$
b'/f $$ /fhj+zL -sf]r_
% ugufO{+ @%
wfg's/fhj+z $% /femL
L_
^ u'?ª @^ lwdfn $^ nfs]{
& r]kfª @& g]jf/ $& lnDa"
* 5GTofn @* kxf/L $* n]Krf
( 5}/f]tg @( k|mL $( Nxf]kf
!) emf+u8 #) agsl/of %) Nxf]dL -lzª;fjf
!! lh/]n #! a/fd] %! jfn'ª
!@ 8f]Nkf] #@ afx| ufpFn] %@ Jof;L
!# tf8\j] ## af]6] %# z]kf{
!$ tfhk'l/of #$ e'h]n %$ ;tf/ -;Gyfn_
!% tfdfª #% ef]6 %% l;of/
!^ tLg ufpFn] #^ du/ %^ ;'g'jf/
ysfnL
!& tf]Ks]uf]nf #& dfemL %& ;'/]n
!* ysfnL #* dfkmf{nL %* xfo'
ysfnL
!( yfdL #( d'ufnL %( x\of]Ndf]
@) yf? $) d]r] -af]8f]_

44
 - /fli6«o blnt cfof]usf] cg';f/ blntju{df ;"rLs[t hft hfltx?sf]
a0f{fg'qmd cg';f/sf] hftLo cg';"rL M

qmd ; -s_kxf8] d"n qmd ; -v_dw]zL d"n

+Vof +Vof

! uGwj{ -ufOg]_ * sn/

@ kl/of/ ( ss}lxof
-
bdfO{,bhL{,;l'rsf/,gur
L{, 9f]nL,x'8\s] _
# jfbL !) sf]/L
$ ljZjsdf{ !! vl6s
-sfdL,nf]xf/ ;'gf/,
cf]8,r'gF/f,kfsL{,6d6f
_
% ;fsL{ -ldhf/, rd{sf/ !@ vTj]-d08n,vË_
e"n_
^ kf]8] !# rdf/-/fd,xl/hg,/ljbf;_
-b]pnf,k"hf/L,hnf/L_
& &= ofd]- !$ lrl8df/
s'rLsf/,RofDvn_
!% 8f]d-dl/s_
!^ tTdf-tfFtL,bf;
!& b';fw -kf;jfg, xh/f_

45
 !* wf]jL -/hs,lxGb'_
!( kf;L

@) aFft/
@! d';x/
@@ d]:t/-xnvf]/_
@# ;/eË-;/jl/of_

@$ g6'jf
@% 9fF8L
@^ wl/s/÷wGsf/

- g]kfnsf ljleGg hfthfltx?,efiff eflifx? / wd{

- g]kfnsf] hg;+Vof cg';f/ dlxnf %!=$$ / k'?if $*=%^ k|ltzt

qm=; hfthflt k|ltzt efiff k|ltzt wd{ k|ltzt

= -(#_
!= If]qL !^=^ g]kfln $$=^ lxGb' *!=#
@= a| !@=@ d}yln !!=& j'l¢i6 (
fDx0f-
kxf8_
#= du/ &=! d'l:nd $=$
$= yf? ^=^ yf? %=* ls+/ft #
%= tfdfË %=* tfdfË %=! lqml:ro !=$@

46
 g
^= g]jf/ % g]jf/ #=@ cGo )=(
&= sfdL $=*
*= d'l:nd $=$
(= ofbj $
!= /fO{ @=#
!!= cGo $=*

- g]kfnsf] hg;+Vof cg';f/ dlxnf %!=$$ / k'?if $*=%^ k|ltzt

P]ltxfFl;s ?kdf hft, ju{ / lnËn] ag]sf] >]0fLa4 x'Fb} uO{/x]sf]
kfO{G5 . ;fy} clxn]sf] jt{dfg :j?knfO{ klg ;|f]tsf] jFf8kmfF8df tyf ;
+u7gfTds ;+:sf/df c;dfgtfsf] c;/ kfl//x]sf 5g\ . o;}n] ;fdflhs ;+/rgfdf
blnt, hghflt dlxnfckfËtf ePsf JolQ e]befjaf6 al9 k|efljt ePsf 5g\ /
l;dfGts[t x'g hfG5g\ . oL ;+/rgfut c;dfgtsf ;fy} /fhgLlts bdg / ;|f]tdf
zlQmzfnL pb08 JolQmsf kx'Fr / ;]jfn] w]/} h;f] hgtfnfO{ lx+;f,
anfTsf/, cTofrf/ / ;z:q åGå h:tf s'/fnfO{ cl3 a9fpg] / rsf{pg] u5{g\ .
h:t} —pRr hfltM afx'g, If]qL, pRr hftsf g]jf/, tfufwf/L -b'O{ k6s
hlGdg]_ ,hft gePsf hghflt, cflbjf;L hgtfM dtjfnL -/S;L vfg]_,tNnf]
hfltM kfgL grNg] -d';ndfg / ljb]zLx?_,blntM c5't cflb s'/f cem}
Jojxf/df x6g ;s]sf] 5}g .
- g]kfndf ljleGg hfthflt,y/, ;d'bfosf dfl;x? 5g\ / pmgLx?sf] cnUu} ;
+:s[lt wfld{s, efiff / klxrfg /x]sf] tYonfO{ ;+w} dgg ug'{ cfaZs
x'G5 .
- ;dfj]zLs/0fdf s] ul/G5 <
;j} dfG5] hGdn] g} :jtGq 5g\ . ltgLx? ;a}sf] dof{bf / clwsf/ ;dfg 5g\
.pgLx?df larf/ zlQm / cGt:s/0f ePsf]n] eft[Tj efjn] Jojxf/ ug{'kb{5 /
hflt,j0f{, lnË, efiff, wd{, cf:yf, /fli6«otf,;fdflhs pTklQ, ;DklQ, hGd
jf cGo s'g} s'/fsf] e]befjlagf afFRg kfpg] ;a}sf] clwsf/ xf] . o;}n]
47
 ;dfj]zLs/0fdf ;a}sf] k|ltlglwTj, ;xeflutf, klxrfg h:tf clwsf/ ;'lglZrt
ul/g' kb{5 .jl~rt ju{nfO{ ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts, /fhgLlts ?kn] ;jn
agfOG5 .jl~rt ju{sf] ;fdflhs tyf ljsf;sf sfddf ;xeflutfsf] jftfj/0f tof/
ul/G5 .cfly{s ;fdflhs nfedf ;dfg'kflts cj;/sf] Joj:yf ldnfOG5 .lje]b
ljxLg cj:yf ;[hgf ul/G5.Dffgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ub{5 .;|f]t ;fwg /
lg0f{o k|lqmofdf jl~rt ju{sf] kx'Fr / lgoGq0f j[l4 ub{5 .clwsf/df
cfwfl/t cjwf/0ffnfO{ ;Ddfg ub{5,
- ;dfj]zLs/0fsf nflu s] s:tf sfo{x? ug'{kb{5 <
jl~rt ;d"xsf] ;zlQms/0fM
ul/aL c;dfgtf cflbsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ cfly{s, ;fdflhs ?kn] zf]if0fsf]
jftfj/0f ;[hgf x'G5 . ;dfhdf s]lx JolQx? cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf dgf]j}1flgs
?kng} ;zQm x'G5g\ o;}n] pgLx?sf] ;]jfdf kx'Fr a9fpg] / >f]t tyf
;fwgdf a[l4 ug]{,;]jf k|bfg ug]{ ;+3;+:yfsf] p2]Zo, sfo{If]q / ;]jfaf/]
pgLx?nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg] .
- gLlt lgod / Jojxf/df kl/jt{gM
- b]zsf] b|'tt/ ljsf; tyf dflg;sf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpgsf]nflu gLlt lgdf{tf
tyf ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ ;+3;+:yfx?n] jl~rt ;d"xnfO{ ug]{ Jojxf/df ;'wf/
Nofpg],gLlt, lgod, d"No / dfGotf / ;+/rgfdf kl/jt{g ug]{ .jl~rt ;d"xk|
lt x]g]{ b[li6sf]0fdf ;sf/fTdstf Nofpg],pgLx?nfO{ k|bfg
ul/g] ;]jf / ;'ljwf pQ/bfloTjk"0f{ agfpg], gLlt lgod ;sf/fTds
agfpg] / ;dtfd"ns tl/sfn] ;]jf / ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg] .
- ;dfj]zLs/0f lsg<
- dfgjclwsf/ cfw'lgs ljZjdf ;jf{lws k|of]udf cfpg] nf]slk|o wf/0ff xf] .
dfgjclwsf/ dfgjLo ljsf;,cl:tTj / klxrfgsf] cfwf/lznf xf] . dfgjclwsf/
k5fl8 kfl/Psf, ;'ljwfjf6 jl~rt ul/Psf, cNk;+Vos tyf c;Qm dfgjx?
nfO{ xs k|fKt u/fpg] cfwf/ xf] .o;}n] gful/ssf nflu dfgjf]lrt Jojxf/ /
dfgj clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug{;dfj]zLs/0fsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . .;dfg'kflts
cfly{s ljsf; / plrt hLljsf]kfh{gsf] nflu ;dfg cfly{s cj;/ / nfex? ;'lglZrt
ug{ . ljsf;sf >f]t / ;fwfg dfly kx'Fr / lgoGq0f clea[l2 ug{ . ;Dk"0f{ ;
+3;+:yf, If]q tyf /fhlgltdf ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj clea[l2 u/fpg . lg0f{o

48
 ug]{ k|lqmofdf k|efj kfg{ jf bjfj ;[hgf ug{ ;Sg] u/L ;Ifd agfpg,
;dfhsf] rf}tkmL{ ljsf;df k|To]s gful/snfO{ d"n k|jfxdf Nofpg
,Gofok"0f{ ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug{,;a} ju{nfO{ /fHosf] ljsf;sf] d"nk|
jfxdf Nofpg / ;a}sf] of]ubfg k|fKt ug{,;Gt'lnt ljsf; ug{,;a} vfn]
lje]b tyf åGbsf] cGt ug{sf nflu ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f lgtfGt cfjZos
b]lvG5 .
- ;dfj]zLs/0f s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 <
;dfj]zLs/0f k|d'v?kdf b'O{ lsl;djf6 ug{ ;lsG5< != clwsf/d'vL k4lt
@= dfgjclwsf/ ;'lglZrt u/]/ .clwsf/d'vL ;dfj]zLs/0f k4ltk|To]s
JolQmsf] gful/s clwsf/;+u hf]l8Psf] ljifo xf] . gful/sx?sf] xs
ljZjJofkL dfGotf k|fKt dfgjclwsf/af6 lgb]{lzt x'G5 . clwsf/d'vL
k4ltsf b[li6df dfgjx? clwsf/afxs x'g\ / o;sf] ;'lglZrt ug{' k"j{zt{sf] ?
kdf lnOG5 . dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Dk"0f{ cjwf/0ffx?n] -cfwf/e"t gful/ssf]
clwsf/, /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts clwsf/ / :jtGqtf_ gful/ssf] cfjfh /
5gf}6nfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{G5 . clwsf/d'vL k4ltn]
;Dk"0f{ gful/snfO{ dfgj x'g\ egL sb/ ub{5 / pgLx?nfO{ dof{bfsf]
;fy /xg a:g clwsf/ 5 egL ljZjf; lnG5 .o;}n] clwsf/d'vL k4lt /
;dfj]zLs/0f Ps cfk;df ;+u} hfg] k|lqmof xf] . ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] nflu ul/g]
k|of; / clwsf/d'vL cleofg ;+u;+u} xft]dfnf] ub}{ cl3 a9\g] k|lqmof
xf] .ljsf;sf] nflu sfo{/t ;+3;+:yfx?n] kl/jt{g Nofpgsf] nflu s]lGb|t
x'g' kg]{ If]qx?df vf;ul/ lgDg s'/fx?df Wofg k'/fpg' kg]{ x'G5 .u/Lj /
alxis[t ju{sf] nflu k"FhL / ;]jfdf kx'Fr a9fpg,u/Lj / alxis[t ju{sf]
cfjfh / k|efj >[hgf ug{ k}/jLdf j[l¢ ug{/ wgL / k|a'¢ ju{nfO{ cj;/ k|
bfg ug]{ vfnsf gLlt lgd{f0fdf kl/jt{g Nofpg bjfj >[hgf ug{ ;xof]u
ug]{
- ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f s'g If]qdf / s;/L ug]{
- JolQmdfkm{t M s] ;FfRr} ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f x'g'kg]{ / ug{ ;lsg]
s'/f xf] eg]/ cfk"mn] cfkm}+nfO{ k|Zg ug]{ / o; ;DjGwdf s] s]
ul/of]t eg]/ s]nfP/ x]g]{ . JolQmut hLjgz}nL ;dfj]zLd'vL agfpg]

49
 .;dfj]zL sfo{df ;xeflutf hgfpg] . ;dfj]zLsf nflu dfu ug]{ / alxis/0f lj?
4 k}/jL ug]{ .
- kl/jf/dfk{mt Mkl/jf/sf ;b:ox?;+u;dfhdf k5fl8 kfl/Psf au{x? dlxnf,
dw]zL, blnt,hghflt,u/Ljsf] ca:yf / clwsf/sf af/]df 5nkmn ul/Psf] 5 jf
5}g .kl/jf/nfO{ ;dfj]zL agfpg] . ;dfj]zL cleofgdf ;xefuLtf x'g] /
;xof]u ug]{ .
- ;d'bfodfk{mtM o; ;d'bfodf sf]—sf],s]—s] sf/0fn] ;]jf;'ljwfjf6 al~rt
5g\ eg]/ ;d'bfon] x]/]sf] 5 5}g . s]—s] s'/f u¥of] eg] ;d'bfodf ;'ljwf
kfpg g;s]sf JolQm Pj+ ;d'bfonfO{ ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsG5 eg]/ x]/]sf] 5
5}g .s] ;d'bfon] blntnufot al~rtLs/0fdf k/]sf ju{nfO{ ltgsf] clwsf/sf
nflu ;fd"lxs cfjfh p7fpg kxn u/]sf] 5 5}g . df}lns k|of;sf] lg/Gt/tf
lbg] .;dfj]zLd'vL ;+:yf lgdf0f{ ug]{ . ;dfj]zL sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf
ug]{ .
- ;+:yfdfk{mtM;+:yfleq dlxnf, dw]zL, blnt ,hghfltsfckfËtf ePsf
JolQ,of}lgs cNk;+Vosx?sf]ca:yf / clwsf/jf/] 5nkmn x'g] u/]sf] 5
5}g . ;+:yfn] k|of{Ktdfqfdf u/Lj Pj+ ;'ljwf kfpg g;s]sf JolQm Pj+
;d'bfosf nflu sfo{qmd Pj+ jh]6 5'6\ofPsf] 5 5}g . sfo{qmd
ef}uf]lns?kdf sxfF ;+rfng ul/Psf 5g\ / st} b'u{d If]qsf jfl;Gbf xfd|
f] ;]jfaf6 al~rt t 5}gg\ elg 5nkmn ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 .;fd'bflos ;
+:yfx? ;dfj]zLd'vL x'g'÷agfpg],;dfj]zLd'vL sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng
ug{] ,;dfj]zLsf] nflu k}/jL jf jsfnt ug]{ ,;dfj]zLsf] nflu ;~hfn
lgdf{0f ug]{ . ljBfnodf ;dfj]zL agfpg] -;+rfng ;ldlt,_ kf7\oqmd tof/
kfg{ ;Nnfx, ;'emfj / bjfj l;h{gf ug]{_ .
-
- ;dfj]zLs/0f ul/g' kg]{ /fHosf ljleGg lgsfox? M
sfo{kflnsf,Gofokflnsf
- Joj:yflksf,;+a}wflgs lgsfo ljleGg cfof]u ;ldlt,k|b]z tyf :yfgLo tx
- g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg
- g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] k|:tfjgfdf g} juL{o,hftLo,If]qLo,eflifs,wfld{s,n}
+lus lje]b ;a}k|sf/sf hftLo 5'jf5'tsf] cGTo u/L cfly{s ;dfgtf,;d[l4 /
50
 ;fdflhs Gofo ;'lglZrt ug{ ;fdfg'kflts ;dfj]zL / ;xeflutfd"ns l;4fGtsf
cfwf/df ;dtfd""ns ;dfhsf] lgdf0f{ ug]{ s'/f pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .wf/f $,
wd{ lg/k]If, ;dfj]zL, nf]stGqfTds, ;dfhjfb pGd'v, ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs
u0ftGqfTds /fHo;+ljwfgsf] efu # n] ;a} gful/snfO{ ;dfg ?kdf Jojxf/
ul/g]-df}lns xs / st{Jo_ s'/f pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .5'jf5't tyf e]befj lj?4sf]
xs -wf/f @$_,dlxnfsf] xs -wf/f #*_, blntsf] xs -wf/f $)_, ;fdflhs
Gofosf] xs -wf/f $@_ ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs -wf/f $#_ tyf x/]s :yfgLo
txdf sDtLdf klg dlxnf, cNk;+Vos / blntsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g} kg]{ efu !
* dfJoj:yf .
- ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] nflu g} /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]u, /fli6«o blnt cfof]u,
/fli6«o ;dfj]zL cfof]u, cfbLjf;L hghftL cfof]u, dw]zL cfof]u, yf?
cfof]u / d'l:nd cfof]u u/L ;ftj6f gofF cfof]unfO{ ;+j}wflgs txsf] ?
kdf :yfkgf ul/Psf] . ;+j}wflgs c+u / txsf kbdf lgo'lQm ubf{ ;dfj]zL
l;4fGt adf]lhd ul/g] wf/f @*# sf] Joj:yf .;+j}wflgs kl/ifbdf sDtLdf
Ps hgf dlxnf ;b:o /xg] u/L wf/f @*$ df ul/Psf] Joj:yf . ;+3Lo
lghfdtL ;]jf nufot ;j} ;+3Lo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffåf/f
kbk"lt{ ubf{ ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd v'nf / ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf
cfwf/df x'g]5 eGg] wf/f @*% sf] Joj:yf .wf/f #)^ df cNk;+Vos
;LdfGtLs[tsf] kl/efiff ul/Ps]f kfO{G5 .

;dfj]zLs/0f ;DjGwL gLlt

;j} k|sf/sf] hftLo lje]b pGd"ng dxf;lGw, !(^%,Indigenous and
Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) Ratification registered
on 14 September 2007;dfj]zLs/0fn]hf]8 lbPsf ljifo If]qMdw]zL,
d'l:nd Pjd\ lk5l8Psf ;d'bfosf] ljsf;, blnt ;d'bfosf] ;dfj]zLs/0f,cflbjf;L
hghflt pTyfg ,b'u{d / ;'ud If]qsf] ;Gt'lnt ljsf; tyf ckfËtf ePsf
JolQmsf]ljsf; .
n}lËs pQ/bfoL ah]6

51
of]hgf tyf ah]6 th'{df ubf{ ;dfhdf /x]sf ljleGg hfthflt, If]q, ju{ / ;d'bfosf
dlxnf, k'?if, t]>f]ln+uL, ckf+utf ePsf JolQm, afnaflnsf tyf h]i7
gful/sx¿sf] cfjZostfnfO{ ;xeflutfd"ns 9+un] ;Daf]wg ub}{ ;du| ljsf; k|
lqmofnfO{ lghx¿ k|lt pQ/bfoL agfpg] p2]Zon] th'{df ul/g] sfo{qmd /
ah]6 g} n}lËs pQ/bfoL tyf ;dfj]zL ah]6 xf] . of] n}+lus ;dfgtf tyf
;fdflhs ;dfj]zL] nIonfO{ s]Gb|df /fv]/ p2]Zod"ns 9+un], of]hgfj4 ?kdf
n};;f; ljZn]if0f u/L cfly{s ;|f]tsf] ;'lglZrttf / pknlJwsf] ;dtfd"ns ljt/0f /
pkef]u x'g] u/L ul/g] ah]6 th'{df ug{] k|lqmof xf] .
n}lËs pQ/bfoL tyf ;dfj]zL ah]6 th'{df Ps cf}hf/ xf], h:fn]
ah]6nfO{ lglb{i6 nlIft sfo{qmdsf] nflu ljlgof]hg ug{ d2t ub{5 . of] dlxnf
jf ;fdflhs ?kn] jl~rlts/0fdf k/]sf JolQmx¿sf] nflu 5'§ofO{Psf] 5'§} ljif]z
ah]6 xf]Og . ;dfhdf dlxnf / k'?ifsf] e"ldsf, cfjZostf / k|fyldstf km/s km/s
x'g] s'/fnfO{ o; ah]6n] cfTd;fy ub{5 . o;n] vf;u/L ;dfhdf /x]sf ljleGg
;d'xsf dlxnf jf k'?ifsf] cfjZostf, lxt / ;/f]sf/sf ljifodf Wofg lglb{i6 u/L
pgLx¿sf] cfjZostfsf] ;Daf]wgsf] ;'lglZrttf vf]Hb5 . o;n] of]hgf tyf ah]6 k|
lqmofsf ;a} r/0fx¿df ;dtfd"ns ;dfgtf sfod ug{ vf]Hb5 .
:yfgLo lgsfon] ug]{ sfo{qmdnfO{ ;dfj]lztfdf ;d]6\g' kg]{ dlxnf k'?ifx¿sf]
tyf ;dfhsf cGo dlxnf k'?ifaLr ljBdfg zlQm ;DjGwsf] c;Gt'ngnfO{ sd ug]{
tyf sdhf]/ zlQm ;DjGw ePsfx¿sf] ;zlQms/0fdf ;xof]u k'Ug] ul/ ul/g] ah]6
th'{df k4ltnfO{ n}lËs pQ/bfoL tyf ;dfj]zL ah]6 elg j'em\g' kb{5 .
n}lËs pQ/bfoL tyf ;dfj]zL ah]6sf kmfObfx¿
n}lËs pQ/bfoL tyf ;dfj]zL ah]6sf kmfObfx¿ b]xfosf adf]lhd x'g]5g\ M
-s_ o; ah]6n] n}lËs tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zL k|efjsf ;DaGwdf kf/blz{tf tyf
hjfkmb]lxtfsf] ;Dawgåf/f ;'zf;gnfO{ cu|ult k|bfg ub{5 .
-v_ ;dfj]zLdf kg]{ kIf, ju{ / ;d'bfosf cfjZostf / ;/f]sf/x¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]
{ x'+bf ;fdflhs Gofo :yflkt ub{5 .

52
-u_ n}lËs ;dfgtf tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLtfsf] nflu ah]6sf] k'g;+/rgf tyf ;'lglZrttf
ub{5 .
-3_ o;n] ljleGg ju{df n}lËs ;dfgtf tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zL k|flKtsf nflu
cleJoQm /fli6«o tyf cGt/{fli6«o k|ltj4tfx¿ h:t} dlxnf lj?4 x'g] ;j}k|sf/sf
e]befj cGTo ug]{ dxf;lGw(CEDAW),a]OlhË sfo{d~r
(BPFA),cGt/{fli6«o hg;+Vof / ljsf; ;Dd]ngåf/f kfl/t sfo{of]hgf / bLuf]
ljsf; nIo (SDGs) sf] sfof{Gjog / ljlgof]lht ;fwg ;|f]t aLrsf] vf8nnfO{
;Daf]wg ub{5 .
-ª_ o;n] dlxnf / k'?if aLr pTkfbgzLn ;fwg ;|f]tsf] ;dtfd'ns ljt/0fsf]
dfWodåf/f u/LaL lgjf/0fsf] cleofgnfO{ ult k|bfg ub{5 .
-r_ o;n] ah]6sf] sfof{Gjog tyf sfo{ ;Dkfbg Ifdtfdf ;'wf/ ub{5 / ;Lldt
;fwg ;|f]tsf] clwstd pkof]unfO{ a9fjf lbG5 .
-5_ o;n] ah]6sf] cfly{s bIftf a9fpg'sf] ;fy} ;fdflhs Gofo ;DaGwL a[xt nIo
k|flKtdf pNn]VfgLo of]ubfg k'¥ofpb5 .
-h_ o;n] ;/sf/ tyf gful/s ;dfh aLr cem al9 v'Nnf ;sf/fTds ;DaGw :yflkt
ug{ ;3fp5 .
-´_ o;n] gLltut tyf /0fgLltut nIosf] ;kmntfsf nflu cg'udgub{5 .
-`_ o;n] k5fl8 k/]sf ;d'bfosf] lxt tyf ;/f]sf/sf d'4fnfO{ ljQLogLlt lgdf{0fdf
dxTjsf ;fy phfu/ ub{5 .
-6_ ;di6Ldf o;n] g]kfndf /x]sf ;a} ;d'bfodf n}lËs ;dfgtf tyf;fdflhs ;dfj]zLtf
xfl;n u/fp5 .
n}lËs pQ/bfoL tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zL ah]6 th'{df ug]{ ljlw
g]kfn ;/sf/af6 cfly{s aif{ @)^$÷^% b]lv s]Gb|Lo :t/df n}lËs pQ/bfoL
ah]6sf] jlu{s/0f sfo{ ;'? ul/Psf] 5 .

53
ah]6 th'{df ljlw M :yfgLo ;/sf/n] ;Dkfbg ug]{ ;a} sfo{qmdx¿sf] tof/
kfbf{sf] cj:yfdfg} pQm sfo{qmdn] n};;f;df ;d]6\g' kg]{ ;a} hfthflt,
cGo ;d'bfosf dlxnf k'?ifsf] cfjZostf / ;/f]sf/nfO{ ;Daf]wg u/L pknlJwdf
;dfg pkef]usf] cj:yf s;/L l;h{gf ug{ ;lsG5 egL ljZn]if0f ul/g' kb{5 . o;/L
sfo{qmd th'{df ubf{ ljz]ift b'O{j6f /0fgLlt cjnDag ug'{ kb{5 .
-!_ ;a}sf] nflu elg th'{df ul/g] sfo{qmd / ah]6df k5fl8 k/]sf nlIft ;d'xsf]
;d]t ;dfg nfesf] ;'lglZrttf x'g] u/L ah]6 ljlgof]hg ug'{kb{5 .
-@_ k5fl8 k/]sf lnË / ;d'bfosf] nlIft sfo{qmddf ah]6 ljlgof]hg ug'{kb{5.
n}lËs pQ/bfoL tyf ;dfj]zL ah]6 th'{df ubf{ Wofg lbg' kg]{ s'/fx¿M–
-s_ cj:yf M sfo{qmdx¿ h'g If]q / ju{df nlIft u/L ;~rfng ul/g] xf] To;
If]qsf] ;fdflhs / cfly{s cj:yf ;fy} ;f] If]qsf nlIft ;d"xx¿sf] cj:yf af/] yfxf x'g
h?/L x'G5 .
-v_ sfo{qmdx¿ M ;f] If]qsf] cj:yf / l:ylt cg';f/ nlIft ;d"xx¿sf] cfjZostfsf]
klxrfg u/L tL cfjZostf k'/f x'g] lsl;dsf] sfo{qmdx¿ lgSof]{n ug]{ / k|
fyldstf lbg' kb{5 .
-u_ ah]6 M tL lgSof]{n u/]sf / k|fyldstf k|fKt sfo{qmdx¿ sfof{Gjog
ug{ k'Ug] u/L ah]6 ljlgof]hg / vr{sf] ;'lglZrttf ug'{ kb{5 .
-3_ pknlJw M tL sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjogaf6 x'g] pknlJwsf]
af/]df ;'lglZrttf ug'{ h?/L x'G5 .
-ª_ k|efj M tL sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjogaf6 nlIft ;d"xsf dlxnf jf k'?ifx¿sf]
hLjgdf ;sf/fTds k|efj kfg]{ laifodf ;'lglZrt x'g' h?/L x'G5 .
n}lËs pQ/bfoL tyf ;fdfj]zL jlu{s/0f ljlw M sfo{qmd / ah]6sf] ljZn]if0f
ubf{ c+ssf] cfwf/df juL{s/0f ul/G5 . ah]6sf k|To]s lqmofsnfk n}lËs tyf
;dfj]zL b[li6n] stf pGd'v 5 egL lgSof}{n ug{ lgDgfg';f/ juL{s/0f ug]{
j|m=; c+sef/sf] cfwf/ juL{s/0f ah]6 sf]8
+=
54
 -s_ %) k|ltzt jf ;f] eGbfa9L nfe k'Ug] k|ToIf n};;f; !
lqmofsnfk pQ/bfoL
-v_ @) k|ltzt eGbf a9L / ck|ToIf @
%) k|ltzt eGbf sd n};;f;pQ/bfo
nfe k'Ug] lqmofsnfk L

-u_ @) k|ltzt jf ;f] eGbf n};;f; #

sd nfe k'Ug] lqmofsnfk b[li6sf]0fn]
t6:y

of]hgfx?sf] k|ltzt lgsfNbf b]xfosf ;"rsx¿sf] cfwf/df d"Nof+sg u/L ;f]

d"Nof+sgsf cfwf/df k|fKt x'g] glthf adf]lhd juL{s/0f ug'{ kb{5 M
u'0ffTds ;"rsx¿ c+sx¿
of]hgf th'{df / sfof{Gjogdf Dflxnf / cGo ;a} @)
nlIft ;d'xx¿sf ;xeflutf
dlxnf / cGo ;a} nlIft ;d'xx?sf] Ifdtf clea[[[l4 @)
sfo{qmddf ;a} ;d'bfosf dlxnfx¿nfO{ nfe tyf #)
lgoGq0fdf ;'lglZrttf
;a} ;d'bfosf dlxnfx¿sf] /f]huf/L / cfo cfh{g @)
clej[l4
;a} ;d'bfosf Dflxnfx¿sf] ;dosf] k|of]udf u'0ffTds !)
;'wf/ / sfo{af]emdf Nofpg] sdL
hDdf !))

c+s lbg] tl/sf M :yfgLo ;/sf/x¿n] cfkm\gf] k|:tfljt sfo{qmdx¿ /

ah]6nfO{ oL dfly pNn]vLt ;"rs tyf pk;"rsx¿ cfwf/df d"NofÍg u/L c+sef/
lbg' kb{5 .
;"rs tyf pk;"rsx¿ / ;f]sf] sfo{ut JofVof M ah]6 th'{df k|s[ofdf lgwf{/0f
ul/g] sfo{qmdx¿ n}lËs pQ/bfoL tyf ;dfj]zL eP gePsf] / n}lËs ;dfgtf tyf
;fdflhs ;dfj]zLsf] d'ne"t nIodf k'¥ofpg] of]ubfgsf] dfkg u/L auL{s/0f
ug{ lgwf{/0f ul/Psf ;"rsx¿sf] cfwf/df ug'{k5{ .o;n] :yfgLo;/sf/ tyf cGo
55
;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{ sfo{qmdx¿sf] n}lËs ;Da]bgzLntf tyf ;dfj]zL k/LIf0f
ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg dfu{lgb]{zg ub{5 . tL ;"rs / pk;"rsx¿ k'/f eP gePsf]
k/LIf0f ug'{ kb{5 .
:yfgLo ;/sf/n] cfufdL jif{sf] nflu ah]6 th'{df ubf{ sfo{qmdn] k/LIf0f
cfwf/ k'/fug{ ;s] g;s]sf] x]/L g;s]sf] eP ;Dej eP;Dd pQm cfwf/x¿ k'/f ug]{
k|of; ug'{ kb{5 . sltko cj:yfdf o;sf nflu sfo{qmddf ;fdfGo /0fgLlts
km]/jbn dfq klg kof{Kt x'g ;Sb5 . n}lËs ;dfgtf tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zL k|flKt,
k'?ifsf] clwsf/sf] s6f}tL xf]O{g gt dlxnfx¿sf] clwsf/sf]a9f]Q/L xf], o;n]
/fi6«sf] ;Gt'lnt ljsf;sf] nflu dlxnf / k'?if b'a}sf] lht—lhtsf] -win‐win
situation_ cj:yf l;h{gf ub{5 .:yfgLo ;/sf/ tyf cGo ;/f]sf/sf kIfx¿n] cf—
cfkm\gf] sfo{qmdx¿sf] d'Nofs+g u/L x/]s sfo{qmdsf] nflu dfly pNn]v eP
cg';f/ cÍef/ lbg' kb{5 .:yfgLo ;/sf/n] lglZrt nIf /fvL ul/g] sfo{qmdsf]
;Gb{edf k|:t't ;"rs, pk;"rs tyf ;f]sf] k/LIf0f ;"rL k|of]u u/L sfo{qmdut ?kdf
k|To]s sfo{qmdnfO{ n}lËs ;dfgtf tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLsf ?kdf k|ToIo
pQ/bfoL, ck|ToIo pQ/bfoL jf t6:y egL juL{s/0f ug'{ kb{5 . k|
To]s ;"rsx¿ Ps csf{sf] kl/k"/ssf] ?kdf /x]tf klg n}lËs ;dfgtf tyf ;fdflhs
;dfj]zLsf] nflu k'¥ofpg ;Sg] of]ubfgsf] k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df ljsf;
sfo{qmdsf] k|ltkmndf dlxnf / cGo nlIft ;d"xsf] nflu ;dfg k|
ltkmnsf] ;'lglZrttf pNn]v ul/Psf]n] tLg gDa/sf] ;"rsnfO{ a9L cÍef/ / ;"rs
kfFrdf pNn]lvt cj:yf tTsfn cfFsng ug{ g;lsg], s]jn cg'dfg dfq ug{ ;lsg]
ePsf] x'bf ;j} eGbf sd cÍef/ lbOPsf]5 .
cÍef/ lb+bf ;s];Dd ;j} ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿nfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg' h?/L x'G5. of] cf}hf/
gu/kflnsf / ufp+kflnsf ;a} ljsf; sfo{qmdx¿df k|of]u ug{' kb{5 .
xfn ;Dd n}lËs pQ/bflo ah]6nfO{ k|of]udf NofPsf d+qfnox?
!= :jf:Yo d+qfno
@= lzIff d+qfno
#= ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo lasf; d+qfno

56
$=zflGt tyf k"g{lgdf{0f d+qfno
% pBf]u d+qfno
^= s[lif d+qfno
&= dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f d+qfno
*= ag tyf e"– zj{If0f d+qfno
( ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft d+qfno

57
 pb\3f6g ;q

pb3f6gM c;fg u|x0f, Jofh ljt/0f k|d'v cltyLaf6M kfg;df

jlQjfn]/÷ lj?jfdf kfgL xfn]/÷ Jofg/ k9]/÷ j[2nfO{ ;Ddfg
u/]/ jf cfjZostfg';f/ pb3f6g ug{] .
/fli6«o ufg
cltyLnfO{ :jfut tyf sfo{qmdsf] pb]Zodfly k|sf;
-cled'vLs/0fsf] pb]Zo_
sfo{qmdsf] ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf dGtJo
sfo{qmdsf] z'ef/De,
k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdsf] z'ef/De,cled'vLs/0fsf] pb]Zo,;xefuLsf]
kl/ro, k'j{ d'Nof+sg,;r]ts, k|ltj]bs, d'Nof+sg ;d"x ljefhg

58