DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL KOLAR ROAD

SESSION 2020-21
CLASS 7
SUBJECT: SCIENCE
Chapter 12
Transportation of materials in plants and animals
H.W.
1.Why is the transportation of materials necessary in a plant or an
animal?
2. What are stomata? Give two functions of stomata.
Keywords-Xylem, Phloem, Vascular system, Osmosis, Plasma,
Circulatory system, Platelets, Oxygenated blood, Deoxygenated blood,
Pulmonary artery, Pulmonary Vein, Stethoscope, Urinary system,
Nephron.
I. Define
a. Osmosis - The movement of molecules of water across a semi
permeable membrane from its higher concentration region to its lower
concentration is called osmosis.
b. Transpiration –The process of losing water in the form of water
vapour from the leaves of a plant is called transpiration.
c. Translocation – The transportation of food from the leaves to other
parts of the plant is called translocation.
d. Excretion – The process of removal of metabolic waste from the body
is known as excretion.
e. Capillaries - The thinnest blood vessels are called capillaries.
f. Nephrons –The tiny funnel shaped filters of kidney responsible for
filtration of water and waste like urea, salt etc. are called nephrons.
g. Heart beat – The rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the heart is
called heartbeat.
h. Pulse- The rhythmic throbbing of the arteries with each heartbeat as
the blood passes through them is called pulse.
i. Dialysis- It is the process by which removal of waste from the blood is
done artificially.
h. Ascent of Sap- The upward movement of sap that contains water and
minerals is called ascent of sap.
i. Sweat gland- A coiled tube that opens on the surface of the skin to
expel sweat is called Sweat gland.
j. Metabolism- The chemical reactions which takes place during life
activities like respiration, digestion etc. are called metabolism.

R.S
II. Differentiate between-
A. Xylem and Phloem
Xylem
1.The function of xylem is to
transport water and minerals up
the plant.
2. The flow of sap is
unidirectional.
Phloem
1.The food prepared in the leaves
is carried to the rest of the plant
by phloem.
2. The movement of food in
phloem is bi directional.

B. Arteries and vein

Arteries Veins
1. They carry blood away from 1. They carry blood toward the
the heart to the rest of the heart from different parts of
body. the body.
2. They carry oxygenated 2.They carry deoxygenated blood.
blood. (exception pulmonary (exception pulmonary vein)
artery)
3. They are usually deep seated 3.They are superficial.
4. Blood flows with pressure. 4.Blood flows with low pressure.
5. Arteries do not have valves. Veins have valves to avoid the
backward flow of blood.
 R.S.
III Give Reason
a. White blood cells are said to be ‘soldiers of the body’. Why are they
given this name?
Answer. This is because white blood cells fight against diseases by
destroying harmful bacteria and other foreign materials. As they protect
us from diseases, they are called soldiers of the body.
b. Why do arteries have thick elastic walls than veins?
Ans. This is because in arteries the blood flows rapidly and at a high
pressure. Therefore, arteries have thick walls Whereas veins bring the
blood from tissues with low pressure so they have thin walls.
3. Sweating helps to cool down our body when it is very hot.
Answer- Evaporation of sweat requires heat, our skin produces sweat
which is prepared in the sweat glands. This sweat comes out to the skin
surface and evaporates by taking heat from our body. As sweat
evaporates, it cools the body.
IV. Answer the following –
Q.1 What makes the sap rise in tall trees?
Answer- 1. Two forces – A push and pull help to pump up the sap.
1. The root cells absorb water and mineral salts continuously from the
soil. This produces a force that pushes the water upwards. (Root
pressure).
2. The evaporation of water from the leaf surface(transpiration) also
produces a suction force that causes the water to move upwards.
(transpiration pull)
Q.2 What is blood? What are the different components of blood?
Ans. The fluid connective tissue that has red blood cells, white blood
cells and platelets floating in liquid plasma is called blood.
Its components are –
1. Plasma- The plasma is a solution of minerals, waste products,
digested food, enzymes and other substances. It transports
nutrients, hormones and proteins to the parts of the body that need
it.
2. Red blood cells (Erythrocytes)-They are disc shaped cell and
contain a red-coloured protein called haemoglobin. Haemoglobin
combines with oxygen and helps to transport it from the lungs to
the cells.
3. White blood cells (Leucocytes)- The main function of WBC is to
defend the body against infection.
4. Platelets (Thrombocytes)- The main function of platelets is to help
in the clotting of blood when we are injured.
Blood

Blood Plasma Blood Cells

Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells Platelets

Q.3. Explain the circulation of blood in human heart with well labeled
diagram.
Ans. 1. Deoxygenated blood or blood carrying CO 2 from all parts of the
body enters the right auricles through two major veins and passes it to
right ventricle.
2. The right ventricle of heart pumps deoxygenated blood into arteries
(PULMONARY ARTERY) which carry it to the lungs.
3. In the lungs, the blood gives up CO2 and picks up oxygen.
4. Oxygenated blood or blood carrying O2 is brought back to the left
auricle of heart by pulmonary vein then enters the left ventricle of the
heart which pumps it into a big artery called aorta.
5. Branches of this aorta carry the oxygenated blood to the rest of the
body.
 Q.4. Explain the urinary system in human beings with a labeled diagram.
Ans. The urinary system filters out the waste products collected by the
blood from all over the body and expel it as urine. This system consists of
following organs-
1. Kidney- 1. The kidneys are bean shaped organs located on each side of
the backbone. The main function is to filter wastes from the blood.
2. Each kidney has about a million of tiny filtering units called nephrons.
They filter out excess water, salts and urea from the blood.
3. The wastes removed by the kidneys form a liquid called urine. Urine
passes from the kidneys through two tubes called the ureter.
4. Ureter-They are narrow tubes that carry urine to the elastic urinary
bladder.
3. Urinary bladder- It is an elastic sac like structure that stores the urine
for some time.
4. Urethra- This tube works as an outlet or passage of urine from the
bladder.
Q.5.What is the relationship between the rate of heartbeat and pulse
rate?
Ans. The rhythmic throbbing of the arteries with each heartbeat as the
blood passes through them is called pulse.
 The pulse rate is exactly equal to the heartbeat, as the contractions of the
heart cause an increase in blood pressure in the arteries that lead to a
noticeable pulse.
Hots
4. What are nephrons? How do they help in the excretion of waste?
(Dia. Of nephron)
Ans: Nephrons are the structural & functional unit of kidney. Blood at
high pressure travels into these tubules by blood capillaries called
glomerulus which are surrounded by a cup shaped capsule called
bowman’s capsule.
This cup shaped structure is followed by long tubular structure. It is
twisted & known as Henle loop. It finally leads to the collecting duct
that collect the filtered urine. Dia. Fig.12.14.
H.W. II
1.Does transpiration serve any useful function in plants? Explain.
2.What makes the blood red?
3. Explain an activity to prove that transpiration takes place through
leaves.

R.S.