SASTRA INGGRIS PROJECT FINAL

 The Group's Members :
- Marsha Tabitha Azzahra (19)
- Sabrina Putri Andhyningtyas (29)
- Sinta Aulia (30)
- Siti Nur Mayranti (31)
- Zahra Arundati Sardi (36)
 Class : XII MIPA 3
 Task : English Literature

THE BETAWI TRIBE

The Betawi tribe is an Indonesian ethnic group whose members mostly live in Greater Jakarta
and its environs. They are descended from Batavia (the colonial name for Jakarta) inhabitants
who have lived there since the 17th century. Several groups claim that the Betawi Tribe was
formed as a result of historical inter-ethnic and national marriages. Biologically, persons who
claim to be Betawi are descended from a mix of tribes and nations brought to Batavia by the
Dutch.
The Betawi people or tribes are relatively recent arrivals in Jakarta. In terms of race/DNA or
genetics (genes), Sundanese, Malay, Makassarese, Javanese, Bugis, Chinese, Arabic, Dutch,
Portuguese, Balinese, and Ambonese are some of the ethnic groups who have lived in Jakarta for
a long time. The Betawi tribe is heavily impacted by Malay and Chinese culture in terms of
culture, customs, gastronomic, communal habits, traditions, building architecture, traditional
clothing themes, music, and other arts. According to scholars, Chinese culture accounts for over
half of Betawi culture, with Malay culture accounting for the other half. This can be seen in
various Malay and Islamic-style conventions, traditions, customs, arts, and Betawi culture. The
rest of the Betawi culture is inspired by Sundanese, Arabic, Portuguese, Javanese, Dutch, and
Balinese tribes.
The kebaya house is a Betawi traditional dwelling that has been officially acknowledged and
inspired. Because the top of this traditional house is shaped like a folded saddle, and the folds,
when viewed from the side, resemble the folds of a kebaya. The kebaya house is also known for
having a large terrace with benches and chairs. That is, the Betawi people will be welcoming and
grateful to visitors. The fangs and banji are the traditional house's signature adornment. The
balang's teeth are triangular-shaped planks that resemble grasshopper's teeth, symbolizing the
Betawi tribe's commitment to honesty and hard work. Banji, on the other hand, is shaped like a
sunflower and represents a source of life and light for the people who live nearby. The dining
room, bedroom, kitchen, and yard are private sections at the back of the house that are only
visible to those closest to the owner. The guest rooms of the Kebaya home are known as
paseban, and they are elegantly designed to honor the visitors.

Since the 5th century, the land of Jakarta, especially the Sunda Kelapa Harbor area, has become
an international area. At that time, the Sunda Kelapa Harbor had interactions between ethnic
groups and nations. So it is not surprising that the diversity of Betawi culture cannot be
separated from the influence of other cultures.
A number of arts which are known as the original Betawi arts, are actually witnesses of how
since hundreds of years ago in Betawi land there has been cultural acculturation with various
ethnic groups. Even though they live in a very modern era of technology, the Betawi people also
do not forget to preserve their local culture and arts. In fact, there are some arts that are already
known to foreign people. Betawi traditional arts include tanjidor, ondel-ondel, lenong and so on.
Tanjidor is a typical art of the Betawi people which is very synonymous with distinctive musical
accompaniment. Musical instruments that are often used in Tanjidor performances are clarinet,
trumpet, piston, trombone, and many more. Performers of this art music are usually around 7 to
10 people.
At first, tanjidor was more often played by slaves to entertain their masters. As slavery was
abolished, the tanjidor was used as an accompaniment to parties or wedding celebrations. The
existence of Tanjidor itself cannot be separated from the influence of European culture,
especially Portuguese.

Ondel-ondel is a form of Betawi folk performance. This ondel-ondel show is often performed on
Jakarta's birthday. On the anniversary, Ondel-Ondel will be paraded around the city while
accompanied by distinctive music.In general, Ondel-Ondel dolls have the same shape and
pattern, although the colors are quite varied. At first, Ondel-Ondel functioned as a repellent to
calamity or ghosts that roamed around. Over time, Ondel-Ondel is more often performed to
celebrate weddings, folk parties, to welcoming guests of honor.
Lenong is one of the typical Betawi theaters that developed in the 19th century. Lenong is
synonymous with comedy shows. There are also several musical instruments to enliven the
show such as drums, kromong, gongs, kecrek, and many more. Lenong players are called panjak
and ronggeng, panjak itself means male players, while ronggeng is female players. At the
beginning of its development, Lenong told the story of the kingdom. Over time, Lenong's stories
were adapted from everyday life stories.

According to Uka Tjandrasasmita, he is an archaeologist and a native of Sunda Kelapa. It can be

said that the Betawi tribe has traditional weapons that have not been influenced by foreign
cultures from the Neolithic or Stone Age 3000-5000 years ago. Betawi traditional weapons have
many types including machetes, kris, daggers, toyas, and so on.
Each region in Indonesia has its own characteristics in the variety of weapons. Jakarta is also
known for its Betawi people. The Betawi people have a traditional weapon called a machete. In
the Betawi community, the existence of machetes is strongly influenced by the culture of West
Java. The popularity of machetes gave birth to the phrase "it's not a Betawi man if he doesn't
have a machete".
Historically, machetes were used by martial arts champions such as Si Pitung or Si Jampang.
But shifting to the modern era, machetes are still used as work aids. For example helping cut
tree trunks, wood, or other household chores. There are also those who keep it as a collection,
then there are those who use it because of their social status.

In addition to machetes, Betawi people also recognize the keris as one of their traditional
weapons. Keris is a dagger group stabbing weapon which is one of the typical cultures of the
archipelago. The shape of the Betawi keris is like the shape of the keris in Java in general, so
many culturalists think that the Betawi keris is a heritage from Sundanese and Cirebon culture.

A dagger is a kind of sharp weapon whose function is to stab or stab. Its use can be grasped or
thrown. It can be smaller or larger than a knife. This weapon has a long history span and there
are many types. In Indonesia, the famous dagger-like weapons are rencong and keris.
This traditional weapon has a stab model. So its use is very important in a battle. Betawi people
will generally use this Betawi traditional weapon as a tool to protect themselves. At first glance,
you will find this dagger has the shape of a machete. The only difference may be its smaller
size. The blade is also thicker and has a curved and pointed tip.
Betawi traditional clothing consists of several types, both for men and women. Betawi people's
traditional clothes, like traditional clothes that apply in other provinces, are influenced by other
cultures or customs. Betawi traditional clothing is influenced by various customs, including
Arab, Chinese, Malay, and Western customs. We can see this influence from Betawi traditional
clothes for everyday wear and bridal wear.
Betawi traditional clothes used by men are koko clothes which are also known as Sadarah.
Meanwhile, the women's traditional clothes are the brackets shirt with a bamboo shoot kebaya
and a headscarf. The conscious clothes are the same shape as the koko clothes in general, only
they are usually plain in color. The batik pants worn are long batik drawstring pants. The colors
are not too crowded, white, brown, and black in their motifs. In addition, it is equipped with a
shawl-shaped adhesive cloth that is slung around the neck. Black velvet caps that cover the head
are the hallmark of the Betawi people.
The traditional women's clothing used is a short sleeved bracket, with a pocket in the front with
striking colors combined with a bamboo shoot batik sarong. The scarf hood is worn on the head
in a harmonious way that looks striking.

Betawi dance is a typical dance that is one of the arts of the people of Jakarta. Even though
Jakarta is a metropolitan city, arts such as traditional dance are still a part of the citizens of
Jakarta. This art must be preserved and maintained because it is a form of identity and identity
of the citizens of Jakarta.
Betawi dance is a heritage that needs to be preserved and studied, especially since its center is in
the center of the capital. Indeed, the challenge is big as technology and culture develop, it is
often forgotten. Which are Betawi traditional dances, including the Lenggang Nyai dance, Zapin
Betawi dance, Cokek dance, and so on.

The first dance is the Lenggang Nyai dance. The name of this dance is taken from the history of
a woman named Nyai Dasimah. Nyai Dasimah is a woman from Jakarta who is looking for a
life partner. Nyai Dasimah had two choices, namely a native man and a Dutch man. There was
confusion in Nyai Dasimah when choosing a partner but in the end Nyai Dasimah chose a Dutch
man.
Throughout her life with her Dutch husband, Nyai Dasimah could not live in peace. This is
because the husband has very strict rules. Nyai Dasimah feels that she has no freedom. From
this story, the Lenggang Nyai dance was created by Wiwiek Widiastuti.
The hallmark of this dance is that the Gambang Kromong music used is very unique. In
addition, the dancers consisting of women wear costumes in red. This red color symbolizes
courage and passion.

Japin Betawi Dance or known as Zapin Dance is one of the dances that acculturate two cultures.
This dance has a blend of movements between Malay and Arabic cultures. In contrast to other
dances, the dancers in this Japin dance all wear headscarves.
The theme of the Japin Betawi dance is also very unique because it has an educational element.
Many people enjoy watching this Japin dance performance. This dance has spread to various
regions including Malaysia. This is because the history of this Japin dance is originally Malay
which was then brought by traders from Arabia. These traders in the 16th century started their
da'wah by using this Japin dance. This dance spread to several countries including Brunei which
has two types of dance, namely Zapin Tar and Zapin Laila Sembah.
Because it has Arabic elements, the Japin Betawi dance is accompanied by gambus and marwas
music. Both of these instruments include stringed instruments that provide a soft tone so that
they are suitable for the Japin Betawi dance.

Cokek dance is a traditional dance from Betawi. But in appearance, this dance is more similar to
Chinese culture. This is because the faces of the dancers who use thick white makeup. Using
Gambang Kromong music as an accompaniment, this dance is also still thick with Betawi
customs. One of them is the use of the Kebaya Betawi costume by the dancers. This dance is
used as a welcoming dance and all the dancers are women.
What is unique about this cokek dance is the movement part. There is one section where the
guests will be draped around their necks by the dancers. Guests are not allowed to refuse the
shawl. Furthermore, guests are required to follow the movements of the dancers and dance
together.
The Betawi people, an indigenous group in Jakarta, are known for having the most fascinating
traditional festivals and rituals.
- Circumcision (Sunatan )

Circumcision consultation is the first step before the boy circumcision ceremony. This is to
determine whether or not the youngster (who will be circumcised) is willing to be circumcised.
After he accepts and expresses a desire for circumcision, the day and time of the procedure are
set. The circumcision is then referred to as shaman or Bengkong. The final is a kid who gets
circumcised in a procession around the village, with tambourine music providing entertainment
and a feeling of delight for the child.

- Wedding guests

The first stage of a Betawi traditional wedding is for the males to submit by delivering a pair of
crocodile bread. Then, to greet the incoming besan, let off firecrackers. Last but not least, there is
the doorstop, which is a rhyme that is shared by both men and women. The wedding procession
is usually accompanied by ondel-ondel, while the reception is usually accompanied by tanjidor
music.
 - Doorstop ( Palang Pintu )

Have you ever seen a string of traditional Betawi wedding processions? The doorstop is a must-
see stage, where the groom will be challenged by representatives from the bride's family to
demonstrate self-defense and rhyming abilities.
Two representatives from each bride can act as the doorstop, or the groom can stand
immediately in front of the bride's family. While practicing silat motions, these two persons will
repeat the rhyme.
Since the time of Pitung, the famous Betawi figure, the phrase "doorstop" has been used. This
practice is a sign of preserving a region's security, as it requires passing through a guard, known
in Betawi culture as a champi, before accessing the territory.

- Akekahan

The naming and shaving of a baby's hair with a goat is known as akekah or akeke. If one goat is
cut by a baby boy and two goats are cut by a baby girl. The scales from all of the baby's hair
that is clipped are given to orphans and the destitute.
 - Nyorog

Nyorog is a Betawi custom that takes place before the month of Ramadan. This can, however,
be done at any time because this custom emphasizes the value of preserving relationships
among families and close friends.

The word sorogan, which meaning gift or delivery, is the source of Nyorog tradition. Nyorog is
a ritual in which a younger person performs for an older or elder relative. During nyorog, items
are frequently brought in the form of basic requirements or ready-to-eat food.

- Seven Moons ( Nujuh Bulan )

Almost all Indonesian tribes, including the Betawi, have a rite to commemorate pregnancy. The
nujuh month is observed as a gesture of appreciation as well as a wish that any new family
members born would be protected and born safely.
The Arabic month with a reference to the number seven is commonly used to calculate seven
months of pregnancy. The date might be on the 7th, 17th, or 27th of the month. This is a
fascinating ceremony to see because it is generally only performed to celebrate the birth of the
first child.

- Hand scrape ( Kerik Tangan )

Hand Scrape is another Betawi cultural rite that is still practiced today. The celebration to
celebrate a baby's birth is intended to serve as a handover from the traditional birth attendant to
the mother's relatives.
The reading of shalawat is followed by the customary birth attendant's hands being washed and
then the baby's mother's hands being washed. The dukun then grabbed the coin and scraped
(rubbed) the mother with the side of the metal chip until the seventh prayer was recited.