SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

General
Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 5b:
Logarithmic Function
General Mathematics – Grade 11
Quarter 1 – Module 5b: Logarithmic Function
First Edition, 2021

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 11

General
Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 5b:
Logarithmic Function
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to
understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if
you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better
understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer
the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how
they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and
tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.

ii
 Let Us Learn!

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the basic concepts, importance, uses, misuses of Statistics, and how to formulate
simple statistical instruments. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are also arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.
But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook
you are now using.
This module has three lessons:
 Lesson 1 – Graphing Logarithmic Function
At the end of the lessons, learners will be able to:
o Represents logarithmic function through its: (a) table of values; (b) graph; and
(c) equation – M11GM-Ii-2
o Graphs logarithmic functions – M11GM-Ij-1.
o Finds the domain and range of logarithmic function – M11GM-Ii-3.
o Determines the intercepts, zeroes and asymptotes of logarithmic functions –
M11GM-Ii-4
 Lesson 2 – Solves Problems involving Logarithmic Functions, Equations and
Inequalities M11GM-Ij-2
At the end of the lessons, learners will be able to:
o Cite real life situations that can be modeled by logarithmic functions.
o Solve word problems involving logarithmic functions.
o Formulate and solve real life problems with precision and accuracy.
Lesson Graphing Logarithmic
1 Function

Let Us Try!

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer in your
notebook.
1. What is the domain of the function f(𝑥) = log(𝑥 + 1)?
A. (- ∞, 1) B. (-∞, -1) C. (-1, ∞) D. (1, ∞)
2. What is the x-intercept of the function (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (2𝑥 + 3)?
A. (1, 0) B. (0,1) C. (0, -1) D. (-1,0)
3. The graph of the function (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 − 2 has a vertical asymptote at _____.
A. x = 1 B. x = 0 C. x = -1 D. x = 2
For items 4 and 5, given the function f(x) = log4(x + 1)
4. Which of the following table of values is correct?

A.

B.

C.

D.
5. Which of the following is the graph of the given function.

A. C.

B. D.
 Let Us Study

Domain and Range

The domain of a function is the set of all possible values of the independent variable
x. The possible values of the independent variable x are often called inputs. The range of
the function are the corresponding values of the dependent variable y. The corresponding
values of the dependent variable y are often called outputs.
In the case of a logarithmic function, its domain is defined as a set of all positive
real numbers while its range is a set of real numbers.

Transformation of the parent function (𝑥) = 𝑥 either by shift, stretch, compression,

or reflection changes the domain of the parent function. When finding the domain of a
logarithmic function, therefore, it is important to remember that the domain consists
only of positive real numbers. That is, the argument of the logarithmic function must be
greater than zero.

Examples:
1. F(x) = log2x 3. H(x) = log3(x + 2) – 2
Domain: x > 0 or {0, +∞) The argument is x + 2
Range: {+∞, -∞} x+2>0
2. G(x) = log0.25(x – 3) x > -2
The argument is x – 3
Domain: x > -2 or {-2, +∞)
x – 3 >0 Range: {+∞, -∞}
x>3
Domain: x > 3 or {3, +∞)
Range: {+∞, -∞}
Intercepts and Zeroes of Logarithmic Functions
An intercept in Mathematics is where a function crosses the x or y-axis. X-intercepts
are where functions cross the x-axis. They are also called roots, solutions, and zeroes of a
function. They are found algebraically by setting y=0 and solving for x. The zero of a
function is the x-value that makes the function equal to 0, that is, (𝑥) = 0. In this section,
our discussion will focus only on the x-intercept of a given logarithmic function.

Examples: Find the intercept and zeroes.

1. (𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (2𝑥 + 3)
To find the intercept, we let y = 0 then solve for x.
(𝑥) =𝑙𝑜𝑔 (2𝑥 + 3)
0 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (2𝑥 + 3)
100 = 2𝑥 + 3 change from logarithmic to exponential function
1 = 2x+3 since 100 = 1
2x = 1-3
2x = -2 dividing both sides by 2
x = -1
Therefore, the x-intercept is at (-1, 0) and the zero of the function is -1.

2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥2
To find the intercept, we let y = 0 then solve for x.
(𝑥) = x2
0 = x2
0 = x2 change from logarithmic to exponential function
1 = x2 since 20 = 1
x = ±√1
x=±1
Therefore, the x-intercepts are at (1, 0) and (-1, 0) and the zeroes of the function are
1 and -1.
Vertical Asymptote of Logarithmic Function
An asymptote is a line that a curve approaches, as it heads towards infinity. It is a
vertical asymptote when as x approaches some constant value c (either from the left or
from the right) then the curve goes towards ∞ or -∞.
In dealing with the vertical asymptote of a logarithmic function, it is a must to
remember that logarithmic function is not defined for negative numbers or zero, and the
domain of a logarithmic function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 x is a set of positive real numbers. A logarithmic
function will have a vertical asymptote precisely where its argument (i.e. the quantity
inside the parentheses) is equal to zero.

Examples: Find the vertical asymptote of the graph.

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 – 2
Since the domain of the logarithmic function is (0, ∞), thus the graph has a vertical
asymptote at x = 0.

2. 𝑓(𝑥) = log(3𝑥 − 2)
Set the argument (3x-2) equal to zero then solve for x, that is,
3x – 2 = 0
3x = 2 dividing both sides by 3
2
𝑥=
3
2
Since the logarithmic function is defined for x > , thus, the graph has a vertical
3
2
asymptote at x = .
3
Graph of the Logarithmic Function
Since f(x) = log2x is the inverse of g(x) = 2x, the graph of the logarithmic function is
obtained by reflecting the graph of the exponential function about the graph of h(x) = x,
which is the line of symmetry.

The graph shows the behavior of the logarithmic function f(x) = log ax where a >1.
The domain is the set of all positive real numbers and the range in the set of all real
numbers. There is one x intercept and the vertical asymptote if the y axis.

Properties of Logarithmic Functions

1. The domain is the set of all positive numbers, or {x є R │x > 0}
2. The range is the set of all positive real numbers.
3. It is a one-to-one function. It satisfies the Horizontal Line Test.
4. The x-intercept is 1. There is no y-intercept.
5. The vertical asymptote is the line x = 0 (or the y-axis). There is no
horizontal asymptote.
6. The graph of the function f(x) = logbx is increasing if b > 1 and
decreasing is 0 < b < 1.

Example 1. Sketch the graph of f(x) = log2x.

Solution:
Step 1: Construct a table of values of ordered pairs for the given function. A table
of values for y = log2x is as follows:
x 1/16 1/8 ¼ ½ 1 2 4 8
f(x) -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

Step 2: Plot the graph in the table, and connect them using a smooth curve.
 f(x) = log2x

It can be observed that the function is defined only for x>0. The function is
strictly increasing, and attains all real values. As x approaches 0 from the right,
the function decreases without bound, i.e., the line x = 0 is a vertical asymptote.

Example 2. Sketch the graph of f(x) = log1/2x.

Solution:
Step 1: Construct a table of values of ordered pairs for the given function. A table
of values for f(x) = log1/2x is as follows:
x 1/16 1/8 ¼ ½ 1 2 4 8
f(x) 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3

Step 2: Plot the points found in the table, and correct them using a smooth curve.

f(x) = log1/2x

Graph of f(x) = a▪logb(x – c) + d

 The value of b (either b>1 or 0<b<1) determines whether the graph

is increasing or decreasing.
 The value of a determine the stretch or shrinking of the graph.
Further if a is negative, there is a reflection of the graph about the x-
axis.
 Based on y = a▪logbx, the vertical shift is d units up (if d > 0) or d
units down (if d < 0), and the horizontal shift is c units to the right (if
c > 0) or c units to the left (if c < 0).
Example 3: f(x) = 2log2x
Solution: The graph of f(x) = 2log2x can be obtained from the graph of log2x by
multiplying each y-coordinate by 2, as the following table of signs below.
x 1/16 1/8 ¼ ½ 1 2 4 8
log2x -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
f(x)=2log2x -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

Analysis:
a. Domain: x > 0, then {𝑥 |𝑥 𝜖 ℝ, 𝑥 > 0}
b. Range: {𝑦|𝑦 𝜖 ℝ}
c. Vertical Asymptote: x=0
d. x-intercept: (1,0)
let y = 0
f(x) = 2log2x
0 = 2log2x divide both side by 2
2 2
0 = log2x
20 = x
1=x
e. Zero: 1

Let Us Practice
Guided Practice

Direction: Sketch the graph of the given function. Determine the domain, range, vertical
asymptote, x-intercept and zero of the logarithmic function.
1. f(x) = log3x – 1
Solution:
 Sketch the graph of the basic function f(x) = log3x. Note that the base 3 > 1 then
the graph is increasing.
 The “-1” means vertical shift downward by 1 unit.
 Some points on the graph of y = log3x are (1,0),(3,1), and (9,2)
 Shift these points 1 unit down to obtain (1,-1),(3,0), and (9,1)
 Analysis:
a. Domain: {𝑥 |𝑥 𝜖 ℝ, 𝑥 > 0}
b. Range: {𝑦|𝑦 𝜖 ℝ}
c. Vertical Asymptote: x = 0
d. x-intercept: (3,0)
The x-intercept can be obtained graphically. Likewise, we can solve for the x-
intercept algebraically by setting y = 0.
0 = log3x – 1
log3x = 1
x = 31
x=3
e. Zero: 3

2. Sketch the graph of y = log0.25(x + 2)

Solution:
 Sketch the graph of the basic function y = log0.25x. Note that the base 0<b<1
and it is decreasing.
 Rewrite the equation, obtaining y = log0.25[x – (– 2)].
 The “-2” means a horizontal shift of 2 units to the left.
 Some points on the graph of y = log0.25x are (1,0),(4,-1) and (0.25,1)
 Shift these points 2 units to the left to obtain (-1,0),(2,-1) and (-1.75,1)
 Analysis:
a. Domain: {𝑥 |𝑥 𝜖 ℝ, 𝑥 > −2}
b. Range: {𝑦|𝑦 𝜖 ℝ}
c. Vertical Asymptote: x = - 2
d. x-intercept: (-1,0)
The x-intercept can be obtained graphically. Likewise, we can solve for the x-
intercept algebraically by setting y = 0.
y = log0.25(x + 2)
0 = log0.25(x + 2)
0.250 = x + 2
1=x+2
–1 = x
e. Zero: –1

3. f(x) = log2x + 4
Solution:
 Sketch the graph of the basic function _____________. Note that the base _______
and it is ________.
 The “4” means a ______________ shift ____________ by 4.
 Some points on the graph of f(x) = log2x are (______), (______), and (_______)
 Shift these points 4 units up to obtain (______), (______), and (_______)

Analysis:
a. Domain: _______
b. Range: _____
 c. Vertical Asymptote: ______
d. x-intercept: ______
e. Zero: ______

Let Us Practice More

Independent Practice
A. Sketch the graph and determine the domain, range, vertical asymptote, x-intercept
and zero of the logarithmic function.
1. f(x) = log4x – 2
2. g(x) = log6(3x -4)
3. f(x) = 2log3(3 + x)

Let Us Remember

Crossword puzzle. Write your answer in your notebook.

Down:
1. it is where a function crosses the x and y-axis
3. a function of the form f(x) = bx
5. the x-intercept of f(x) = log2(x – 4)
6. the x-values that makes the function equal to 0
9. the set of all x-values
Across:
2. the graph of the function f(x) = logbx has a ____ asymptote at x = 0.
4. A set of all y-values
7. Logarithmic function is not defined for ______ numbersand zero
8. a line that the curve approaches but never touches to it.
10. the inverse of exponential function
 Let Us Assess

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer in your
notebook.
1. What is the domain of the logarithmic function f(𝑥) = logx ?
A. (0, ∞) B. (0, -∞) C. (-∞,∞) D. (∞, -∞)
2. What is the range of the function f(𝑥) = log𝑥 where b < 1?
A. (0, ∞) B. (-∞, 0) C. (∞, -∞) D. (-∞,∞)
3. What is the zero of the function f(𝑥) = log(𝑥 + 1) ?
A. 2 B. -1 C. 0 D. 1
For items 4-5: g(x) = 4log2(x+3)
4. What is the correct table of values of the given function?

A. C.

B. D. none of the above

5. Which best describes the graph of given function as a transformation of the
graph of g(x) = log2x?
A. vertical stretch by 4 and shift left 3
B. vertical stretch by 4 and shift right 3
C. vertical shrink by 4 and shift left 3
D. vertical shrink by 4 and shift left 4
 Let Us Enhance
Determine the domain, range, x –
intercept, zero and vertical
asymptote of the given graph.
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________

Let Us Reflect

The domain of any equation is the possible x values for that equation. It is any
number that x could possibly be when that equation is graphed on a coordinate plane.
For the general logarithm equation, the domain is x > 0 because x cannot be zero or
below. The range, or possible y values for any equation, is any number that y could
possibly be when the equation is graphed on the coordinate plane. For the general
logarithm equation, the range is y = all real numbers.
Before graphing the logarithmic function with the form f(x) = logb(x), identify the
behavior and key points for the graph. Draw and label the vertical asymptote. Plot the x-
intercept, Plot the key point. Draw a smooth curve through the points. State the domain,
the range, and the vertical asymptote.
Lesson
Solves Problems involving
2 Logarithmic Functions,
Equations and Inequalities

Let Us Try!
Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer in your
notebook.
1. The following situation shows the application of the logarithmic functions to
real-life situation EXCEPT:
A. Determining time your money may double in amount
B. Measuring the size of human statistics
C. Determining the vital statistics of a person
D. Getting the total number of population in one particular region in a certain
time frame
2. A particular running experiment is initially 100 bacteria cells. She expects that
the number of cells is given by the function (𝑡) = 100(2)/15, where time t is the
number of hours since the experiment started. After how many hours would
the scientist expect to have 300 bacteria cells? Give your answer to the nearest
hour.
A. 2 hours B. 24 hours C. 104 hours D. 1, 048 hours
3. The magnitude of an earthquake in Matanao, Davao Del Sur on December 15,
2019, is 6.8. And it is predicted that there will be another earthquake that will
strike somewhere in the Philippines that is 4 times stronger than the mentioned
3 earthquake. What could be the possible magnitude of the predicted
2 𝐸
earthquake? (Earthquake Magnitude on a Richter scale 𝑅 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔(104.40)
3

A. 7 B. 8 C. 8.40 D. 7.20
4. Suppose that you are observing the behavior of bacteria duplication in a
laboratory. You observe that the bacteria triple every hour. Write an equation
with base 3 to determine the population of bacteria after one day.
A. 3.02 x 1011 B. 3.20 x 1011 C. 2.90 x 1011 D. 2.82 x 1011
 5. Using item number 5, determine how long it would take the population of
bacteria to reach 300,000 bacteria.
A. 11.48 days B 13 days C. 12.5 days D. 14 days

Let Us Study

Applications to Problems in Real-life Contexts

Solving word problems involving logarithmic equations and inequalities requires
mastery of basic concept of logarithmic equations and inequalities. Some techniques
and strategies for solving logarithmic equations and inequalities are still applicable
such as the following:
1. Rewriting to exponential form.
2. Using logarithmic properties.
3. Applying the one-to-one property of logarithmic functions.
4. The Zero Factor Property: If ab = 0, the a = 0 or b = 0.

Example 1. The 2013 earthquake in Bohol and Cebu had a magnitude of 7.2, while the
2012 earthquake that occurred in Negros Oriental recorded 6.7 magnitude. How much
more energy was released by the 2013 Bohol/Cebu earthquake compared to that by the
Negros Oriental earthquakes? (Refer to discussion on Richter scale).
Solution: Let EB and EN be the energy released by the Bohol/Cebu and Negros
Oriental earthquakes, respectively. We will determine EB / EN.
2 𝐸 2 𝐸
Based on the given magnitudes, 7.2 = log 10𝐵4.4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 6.7 = 3 𝑙𝑜𝑔 10𝑁4.4
3
3 𝐸
Solving for EB  7.2 (2) = log 10𝐵4.4
𝐸𝐵
10.8 = log 104.4
𝐸𝐵
1010.8 = log 104.4

EB = 1010.8 104.4
EB = 10 15.2

3 𝐸𝑁
Solving for EN  6.7 (2 ) = log 104.4
𝐸𝑁
10.05 = log 104.4
𝐸𝑁
1010.05 = log 104.4
 EB = 1010.05104.4
EB = 1014.45
Thus, EB /EN = 1015.2 / 1014.45 = 100.75 ≈ 5.62

Answer: The Bohol/Cebu earthquake released 5.62 times more energy than the
Negros Oriental earthquake.

Example 2: Using the formula A = P(1+r)n where A is the future value of the investment,
P is the principal, r is the fixed interest rate, and n is the number of years,
how many years will it take an investment to double if the interest rate per
annum is 2.5%?
Solution: Doubling the principal P, we get A = 2P, r = 2.5% = 0.025,
A = P (1 + r)n
2P = P (1+0.025))n
2 = (1.025)n
log2 = log (1.025)n
log2 = n log (1.025)
log 2
n= ≈ 28.07 years
log 1.025

Answer: It will take approximately 28 years for investment to double.

Example 3: A culture starts at 2,000 bacteria, and doubles every 80 minutes. How long
will it take the number of bacteria to reach 10,000?
Solution: A model for this situation is y = 2000(2)t/80, where y is the number of
bacteria at time t.
If y = 10,000, then 10,000 = 2,000(2)t/80
5 = 2t/80
𝑡
Taking ln of both sides, ln5 = ln2t/80 = ln 2.
80
ln 5 𝑡 ln 5
Thus, = ⇒ 𝑡 = 80 ln 2 ≈ 185.7
ln 2 80

Answer: It will take approximately 185.7 or 186 minutes for the bacteria to
reach 10,000.
 Let Us Practice
Guided Practice

Read each problem carefully and answer each question to solve the problem.
1. Under certain circumstances, a virus spreads according to the equation p(𝑡) =
1
where p(t) is the proportion of the population of the virus spread at time t
1+15e−0.3t

days. How long will it take the virus to spread at 75% of the population?
Solution:
1
p(𝑡) = 1+15e−0.3t
1
0.75 =
1+15e−0.3t

0.75 + 11.25e-0.3t = 1
11.25e-0.3t = 0.25
lne-0.3t = ln0.25/11.25
-0.3t ln e = ln 0.25/11.25
t = 12.69
Answer: Therefore, it will take approximately 13 days for the virus to spread to
75% of the population

2. When an organism dies, the amount of carbon-14 in its system starts to decrease.
The Carbon-14 is about 7,200 years. An archaeologist found a bone in Mountain
Province of Cordillera Region that contains ¼ of the carbon-14 it originally had,
how long ago did the human die?
1
Solution: The mathematical model of the situation is 𝑦 = (2)t/7,200 where y is the

amount of carbon-14 in the organism after t years and y0 initial amount

of carbon-14. Since the bone is only ¼ of the carbon-14 it originally
had, we have
1
¼ yo = yo (2)t/7,200

Taking the ln of both sides, _____ = ___________

ln¼ ÷ ln½ = t/7,200
t = ___________
Therefore, the human died 14,400 years ago and this must be a big contribution
to our history.
 3. Mr. Boy a fisherman from Mulanay Quezon Province initially invested ₱500,000.00
in a local cooperative and wanted a double amount form its initial investment.
Using the formula from the previous lesson on exponential function A = P(1+r)n
where: A is the future value; P is the present value; r is the interest rate and n is
the number of years, how many years will it take an investment to triple if the
annual interest rate is 6%?
Solution: Triple of the initial investment means that three (3) times
₱500,000.00 which is equal to ₱1,500,000.00
Given: A = ₱1,500,000.00, P = ₱500,000.00, r = 6% or .06, n = ?
A = _______________
_____________ = _________________(1+_____)n
3 = (1.06)n
_____ = log(1.06)n
log3 = ______________
log3
n= log1.06

n = 18.85 years
Answer: Therefore the money will triple approximately after 19 years

Let Us Practice More

Independent Practice
Read each problem carefully and answer each question to solve the problem.
1. An earthquake during August 2021 at the Province of Sarangani was recorded to
have a magnitude of 5.6. Another earthquake somewhere in the Province of Agusan
del Sur was recorded to have a 4.8 magnitude on the month and year. How much
more energy was released by the 2021 Sarangani earthquake compared to that by
the Agusan earthquakes? (Refer to discussion on Richter scale).
2. How much money should be invested at 5% compounded annually for 30 years so
that you have ₱25,000.00 at the end of 30 years? Round your answer to the nearest
two decimal places.
 Let Us Remember
Match Column A to B. Match the correct formula to the real-life
situation problem. Write the letter of the correct answer in your notebook.
Column A Column B
1. Magnitude of Earthquake 1 𝑡
A. y = y0( )𝑇
2. Compound interest 2
2 𝐸
3. Population growth B. R = log
3 104.40
4. Radioactive Decay
C. A = P(1+r)n
𝑡
D. y = y0(2)𝑇

Let Us Assess
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on
a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following situations show the application of the logarithmic
function?
A. Determining the level of acid in a solution
B. Determining time your money may double in amount
C. Measuring the size of human statistics
D. Getting the ion component of a chemical
2. An earthquake is measured with wave amplitude of 1015 times. What is the
magnitude of this earthquake using the Richter scale R = 2/3 log (E/104.40) to
the nearest tenth?
A. 6.07 B. 7.57 C. 7.07 D. 8.00
3. A particular bacterial colony doubles its population every 15 hours. A scientist
running an experiment is starting with 100 bacteria cells. She expects the
𝑡
number of cells to be given by the function (𝑡) = 100(2) 15 , where t is the
number of hours since the experiment started. After how many hours would
the scientist expect to have 500 bacteria cells? Give your answer to the nearest
hour.
A. 5 hours B. 15 hours C. 25 hours D. 35 hours
4. The formula in the risk of having an increasing car accident as the
concentration of alcohol in blood increases is A = 6e12.75x where x is the blood
 alcohol concentration and A is the given percentage of car accident risk. What
blood alcohol concentration corresponds to a 75% risk of a car accident?
A. 0.20 B. 0.25 C. 0.17 D. 0.19
5. You observed that the behavior of bacteria laboratory tripled every minute.
Write an equation with base 3 to determine the population of bacteria after one
hour.
A. 3.23 x 1028 B. 4.23 x 1028 C. 2.23 x 1028 D. 1.23 x 1028

Let Us Enhance
Solve the following:
1. You find a skull in a nearby tribe ancient burial site and with the help of a
spectrometer, you discovered that the skull contains 9% of the C-14 found in a
modern skull. Assuming that the half-life of C-14 (radiocarbon) is 5,730 years, how
old is the skull?
2. Suppose that the population of a colony of bacteria increases exponentially. At the
start of an experiment, there are 10,000 bacteria, and one hour later, the population
has increased to 10,500. How long will it take for the population to reach 25,000?
Round off your answer to the nearest hour.

Let Us Reflect

Logarithmic and exponential functions can be used to model real-world

situations. Logarithmic functions are very helpful when working with phenomena
that have a very wide range of values, because they allow you to keep the values you
actually work with in a smaller range. Exponential functions are helpful with
phenomena that change very quickly, or that grow or decay by a percentage over a
particular time period. (http://www.montereyinstitute.org/courses/Developmental
Math/COURSE_TEXT2_RESOURCE/U18_L4_T2_text_final.html)
 Let us Practice More
Let Us Remember
Let Us Try Let Us Assess
1. C 1. A
2. D 2. C
3. B 3. D
4. A 4. A
5. B 5. D
Lesson 1
Answer key to Activities
Let Us Try Let Us Assess Let Us Remember
1. B 1. C 1. B
2. B 2. C 2. C
3. B 3. D 3. D
4. D 4. A 4. A
5. D 5. D
Let Us Practice Let Us Practice More
1 1
2. yo = yo ( )t/7,200 1. The Saranggani earthquake released
4 2
1 𝑡 1
ln = ( ) ln 15.85 times more energy than the
4 7200 2
ln¼ ÷ ln½ = t/7,200 Agusan earthquake.
t = 14,400
3. A = P(1 + r)n 2. The initial amount should be P5,784.44.
1,500,000 = 500,000(1+0.06)n
3 = (1.06)n
log3= log(1.06)n
log3 = nlog(1.06)
log3
n=
log1.06
n = 18.85 years
Lesson 2
 References

Bernabe, J., Jose-Dilao, S., & Origenes, F. (2009). Advanced Algebra, Trigonometry
and Statistics. Page 140. SD Publications, Inc. Quezon City.

Delos Reyes, G. (2020). General Mathematics Quarter 1 – Module 26: Domain and
Range of a Logarithmic Functions. Department of Education – Region IV-A
CALABARZON

Delos Reyes, G. (2020). General Mathematics Quarter 1 – Module 27: Intercepts,

Zeroes, and Asymptotes of Logarithmic Functions. Department of Education
– Region IV-A CALABARZON

Constantino, M. G.,(2020). General Mathematics Quarter 1 – Module 28: Solving

Real-Life Problems Involving Logarithmic Functions, Equations and
Inequalities. Department of Education – Region IV-A CALABARZON

General Mathematics Learner’s Material. (2016).Department of Eduation – Bureau

of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR).

https://www/symbolab.com/graphing-calculator

https://www.education.com/worksheet-generator/reading/crossword-puzzle/

https://study.com/academy/lesson/how-to-graph-logarithms-transformations-
and-effects-on-domain-range.html

https://www.varsitytutors.com/algebra_ii-help/graphing-logarithmic-functions

Leithold, L. (1992). College Algebra and Trigonometry, page 261

MathIsFun.com (2018).https://www.mathsisfun.com/definitions/zero-of-a-
function-.html
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