Psihologiya Vojny

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H04eCTBO KOMaHA11pa B. 6oio ,D,11KTyeTCSI o6craHOBKOH KaK
Heo6XOA11MOCTb, TaK KaK ece BHl1MaH11e nOA411HeHHblX. B
Kp11Tl14eCKl111 MOMeHT npHKOBaHO K KOMaHA11py, Ha ero 1111-
u,e He AOJl>KHbl orpa>1<aTbCS1 HH COMHeHHSI, H11 crpax. Ko11e-
6aH11e KOMaHAHpa - KOJ1e6aHHe nOA411HeHHblX, crpax KO-
MaHA11pa - 6ercreo 6ara11b0Ha. KoMaHA11p, He BblHrpae
6011 e ce6e, He 11Meer npaea ecrynarb e 6011 eoo6w,e.
06si3aHHOCTl1 KOM8HAHpa B 6oio - He repol1CKl1 yMe-
peTb, a ebinonHHTb nocraeneHHYIO 6oeeyio 3aAa4y, cnep,O"'
eaTeJlbHO, KOMaHAHP AOmKeH 6b1Tb He CTOJlbKO COI1AaTOM
14
Kylla4HOro 60.si, CKOllbKO C011AaTOM -yMa. r 11asHa.si CpeA11
npo411x o6.si3aHHocrei1 KOMaHA11pa ....._ AYMaTb, AYMaTb 11 AY-
MaTb. Onb1T cerOAH.s1WHl1X HeyAa4 AOJl>t<eH crarb npeAee-
CTHl1KOM 3asrpawH11x yAa4, 11 He4ero 60.si.rbc.si, noKa3aTb
Hey,qa4y ocp114epa.
KoMaHA11P AOJl>t<eH 6b1Tb scecrop.oHHe pa3Bl1TblM 11 rpa-
MOTHblM, crpor11M 11 cnpaseAJ111SblM, 4eCTHblM 11 HenpeK-
·JlOHHblM, yeepeHHblM e npaeore csoero peweH11.si. B 3TOM
COCTOl1T cyrb ocp11u,epcKoro AOCTOl1HCTBa, 4eCTl1 11 rOpAOCTl1.
To11bKO raKoro KOMaH,q11pa conAaT 6011rc11, ysa>t<aer,
mo611r, Bl1A.sl B ero J111U,e npeACTas11re1111 rocyAapcrea -
cnpaseA1111soro CYAbto, crpororo 06s11H11ren11, rop.si4ero
3aW,11THl1Ka, 3a6or 1111eoro OTL\a, 11 u,en11KOM AOBep.sieT ce611
ero cosecr11, 6e3 Ma11ei1wero COMHeHl1.sl 11 K011e6aHl1.sl. B
HeM oH yeepeH, 11 nepeA ero crporocrbto 11 rpe60Eiare11b-
HOCTbto AO CblpOH 3eMJ111 npeKJ10H1!eTC.sl.
BH11KaTb s AYWY co11Aara, yMerb s03Aei1creosarb Ha ero
4yscrea, nc11x11Ky 11 ynpasJl.slTb 11Ml1, 3aAeBaTb 3a >t<l1BOe
B 11HTepecax c11y>t<6b1, Mo61111113osaTb SCIO era cyw,HOCTb All.sl
OCMblCJleHHOro ,qeHCTS11.sl, All.sl SblnOJ1HeH11.si 3a,qa411, 3H.aTb
see Ka4ecrea co11Aara - MOpa11bHb1e 11 cp113114ecK11e, noMo-
rarb pacr11, cosepweHCTBOSaTbCSI, np11s11saTb nOJlO>t<HTeJlb-
Hble nepeAOBble 4eprb1, 6oesyto APY>t<6y, mo6osb K ceoei1
4acr11, KaK K POAHOl1 6oesoi1 ceMbe - cssiw,eHHasi o6.si3aH-
HOCTb KOMaHA11pa.
HeorcrynHblH · KOHrponb He ecTb HeAosep11e K nOA4H..,
HeHHblM, a Ky11brypa s pa6ore, Koropa.si C03Aaer y 11cno11-
HHTe11ei1 sepy s HenoK011e6HMOCTb SOJlH KOMaHAHpa K
npo••A•H"1IO s >t<H3Hb npHH.slTOro peweHH11 nto6oi1 4eHoi1,
OTrOHflfl np04b np1o1cyw,ee Ka>t<,qOMY >t<e11aH11e npoTHSHTbC.sli
nOAA•P>Klo1118T CO:IHIHl-18 Heo6xo,qHMOCTH np11MeHeHH1' cso-
MX CM/1 M cnoco6HOCT9H Allfl T04HOro BblnOJlHeHl-111 no11y-
"4eHHOA HA14H.
Ocp1o1u,ep HM 1 KOIM c11y1.1ae He ,qon>t<eH ,qonycKaTb
llllCOICOMepHoe OTHOWIHH8 K MlltlAW"1M, nOCTO.slHHYIO np11-
AMP"4HIOCTb, rpy6b1e HMl"llHHA 1o1 c11oeecHyto Horau,11to,
n1p1XOAllW.y10 s OKpMKH H OCKOp611eH11e J1114HOCTH; ysa-
>tCITll "41110111.!eCKOe AOCTOHHCTIO, MYHAHP 11 4eCTb SOHHa --
OCHOIHOI l<tl48CTBO coseTCKOro ocp11u,epa.
npMKl:I M nOB"1HOBeHHe COCTBSJ11!IOT cyw,HOCTb SOHHCKO-
rO nop11A1<t1. KoMttHAHP ,qo11>t<eH s11aAeTb Kllto40M or cepA-
1.41 co11,qara. Co11,qarcK11i1 cer;tcp - rp11 Kllto4a: yM, eo1111,
1.1y1cr10. Y411 YMOM, a He rHesoM, y411 11acKoi1, HO He xean11
6e3 Mepb1, He rep3aH 6e3 BHHbl. He Kpi-11<, He 11crep11Ka, a
15
OCMblC:lleHHaSI CTporOCTb. 0Ha AOn>KHa 6b1Tb cnpaBeA:llHBOH
H HM B . KOeM c:11y4ae He YHH>KaTb AOCTOHHCTBa 4e:11oee1<a B
conAaTe. He BblXOAHTb 3a npeAe:11b1 HOpMbl rpa>t<AaHcKoro
noBeAeHHSI. 0TCIOAa - Tpe6oeaHHe 3HaTb nOA4HHeHHOro,
yMeTb ero o6y4aTb, yMeTb BOCnHTblBaTb, yMeTb KOMaH-
AOBaTb.
B pyKax KOMaHAHpa - CYAb6a coTeH H TblCSl4 :1110Ae.::i.
OH o6si3aH B03AeHCTBOBaTb Ha HHX CH:llOH JlH4HOro npHMe.,.
pa, 01:110.::i y6e>t<AeHHst, HO 11 cHno.::i npHHY>KAeHHst. OH S1B:11st-
eTcsi peBHHTe:neM >t<e:ne3HOH BOHHCKOH AHCU,HnllHHbl, A06H-
eastcb ee :11io60.::i u,eHo.::i. OH HeMeAneHHO AOn>KeH o6y3AaTb
naHHKepoe H AaTb B03MO>KHOCTb 4eCTHblM 60.::iu,aM AO KOH-
4a Bbln011Hl1Tb CBOH AOnr nepeA poAHHOH. TaK KaK KOMaH-
Al1P - 0Te4 no6eAbl, AYWa CTOHKOCT11 (113 ero CTOHKOCTH
nOABJlaCTHble eMy :11IOA11 4epnalOT Cl1Jlb1), 6e3 TeHH KOne6a-
Hl1SI, He 3aAYMblBaSICb, OH BblpblBaeT c KOpHeM copHylO Tpa-
ey c no:nsi 6osi TBepAOH pyKoH, 6e3>t<anoCTHO pacnpae11sisicb
c TpycaM11 11 naH111<epaM11, nOMHSI, 4TO 4eCTb KOlllleKTHBa -
ero 4ecTb, no3op - ero no3op, CYAb6a ero Hepa3pb1BHO
cest3aHa c CYAb6o.::i· 60H4oe, ero >KH3Hb e 6oio np11HaA11e>t<11T
6oeBOMY KO:l111eKTl1BY, KOTOpblM OH KOMaHAYeT.
Jll14HblH np11Mep KOMaHAHpa: eCTb cpeACTBO ynpae11e-
Hl1S1, OHO onpaBAblBaeTCSI JlHWb B TOM c:11y4ae, ec:nH eCTb
Heo6xoA11MOCTb. OH AO:ll>KeH 6b1Tb 3apa3HTe:nbHblM, ye:ne-
KaTb 3a C060H BCeX OCTa:llbHblX.
Xpa6pocTb ecTb yMeH11e yAep>t<aTb conAaT Ha none 6osi
B 11HTepecax Bbmo:11HeH11S1 3aAa4H. OcTopo>t<HOCTb a eepHOM
C04eTaHl111 c pew11TeJlbHOCTblO - OCHOBHOe Ka4eCTBO re-
post. f>e3paccy,llCTBO He eCTb xpa6poCTb; a caMOAYPCTBO.
KoMaHA11P He MO>Ker 6b1Tb H11 6e3paccyAHO pew11Te:11bHblM,
Hl1 paccy,ll11Te:llbHblM 6e3 pew11Te:llbHOCTH.
Heo4eH11Mo Be:11111<0 3Ha4eHH.e KOMaHAbl KOMaHA11pa B
60!0 He TOJlbKO KaK cpeACTBa ynpaeneHHSI, a KaK cpeACTBa,
3a1Jepwaiow,ero no6eAOHOCHYIO 6opb6y 4YBCTBa ,llO:llra HaA
4YBCTBOM CTpaxa e AYWe conAaTa.
Haca>K,llaTb CTporyio A11CU,Hn:l1HHY MO>KeT :llHWb TOT KO-
MaH,ll11p, KOTOpblH 6e3yKopH3HeHHO co6:1110,llaeT, npe>t<,lle
ecero, caMO,ll11CU,Hn:l1HHY, SIB:llSISICb o6pa340M ,llHC411n:11HHl1-
ppeaHHOCTl1, KOTOpblH 3aBoeean ,llOBep11e nO,ll4HHeHHblX 11
no:nb3yeTCSI nony:nstpHOCTblO cpe,llH HHX cnpaBe,ll:l111BblM OT-
HOWeHl1eM K H11M, yea>t<eH11eM 11X :11114HOCTH H AOCT011HCTBa,
nOCTOSIHHOH 3a6oroH 06 HX Hy>t<p,ax 11 noTpe6HOCTSIX (BK:lll0-
4a51 11 AYWeBHb1e), 6:111-13K11i1 K con,llaTCKOH Macce, HO
HeH3MeHHO CTporo Tpe6oBaTe:llbHOH BO BCeM.
KoMaHp,Hp AOn>KeH 6b1Tb ecer,lla 11 BO BCeM np11MepoM.
16
To11bKO TOrAa OH CMO>l<eT no npaey r.OpAHTbCSI CBOHM
MYHAHPOM, 1-1 611ecK ero He 6yAeT pe3aTb rna3a co11AaTcKoi1
Macce, C011AaT 6yAeT ropAHTbCSI CBOHM KOMaHAHPOM.
Ha eoopy>+<eHHH KOMaHAHpa A011>+<HO 6b1Tb 6oeeoe c110-
eo, 3aAeeaiow,ee 3a >1<1-1eoe co11AaT ceoei1 npaBAHBOCTblO,
3aAyweeHoi1 npocTOToi1. B pyKax KOMaHAHpa cocpeAOT0-:-
4eHbl ece cpeACTBa B03AeHCTB"1SI Ha 6oi1u,a: OT y6e>+<AeHHSI
AO np1-1Hy>+<AeH1-1si. KoMaHAHP - e11acTb, a HH OAHa e11acTb
HHKOrAa He OTKa3blea11acb OT npHHY>+<AeHHSI, ec111-1 :no He-
o6XOAHMO.
>KecTOKOCTb KOMaHAHpa A011>1<Ha 6b1Tb "1CK11I04"1Te11bHO
OCMblC11eHHOH, cnpaeeA11"1BOH, nOTOMY 4TO rparH4eCK"1e MO-
MeHTbl eoi1Hbl rpe6yior cypoeoi1 6ecnow.aAHOCTH OT
KOMaHAHpa.
06pa3 o<f>1-1u,epa 6yAeT c1-111bHblM, ec111-1 ero noKa3aTb
B pa3B"1T"1"1, BHHMaTellbHO C11eASILLl,"1M 3a XOAOM o6cTaHOBK"1,
HaXOASIW,HM B Hei1 HOBOe, . 4TO MO>l<eT o6ecne4"1Tb ycnex;
ceoeepeMeHHO ou,eH1-1eaiow,1-1M o6cTaHOBKy, aHa111-131-1py-
iow,1-1M, yMelOUJ,HM 06061.U,HTb, CAellaTb BblBOAbl "1 pa3B"1Tb
HeAoroeopeHHbre co11AaTOM op1-1r1-1Ha11bHbre Mbrc111-1, 4eM no-
CTOSIHHO BAa116111-1eaTb eMy co6creeHHble YMHble Mb1C11"1;
eeAb eocnpHHHMaTb 11y4wee y Maccbr 1-1 o6o6w,aTb - TPYA-
Hasi 1-1 c110>1<Hasi po11b 1-1 A011r pyKoBOAHTe11si.
noHSITb ropa3AO C110>1<Hee, 4eM T011KOBaTb. B npOl-13-
BeAeHHSI HeKoropbrx aeropoe reHepa11b1 1-1 o<f>1-1u,epb1 .noKa-
3aHbl nocTOSIHHO Bbrcrpe111-1eaiow,1-1M1-1 YMHbre c11oea, o6pa3-
u,aMH yMa, a He B pa3B"1T"1"1, nocreneHHO OCMblC11"1BalOW,"1M"1
XOA co6b1T1-1i1 eoi1Hbr, yt1acb y Mace, Ha on1:;1re c11y>1<6b1, 6oee
"1 y epara. no3TOMY AeB"13 <<nOCTOSIHHO Y4"1Tb» Heo61<0AHMO
3aMeHHTb AeBJ.130M «nocTOSIHHO Y4"1Tbcsi, Y4"1Tb nOA4"1HeH-
HblX no npHHU,Hny: MOH no11K - MOS! aKaAeMJ.1SI».
Bocn1-1raH1-1e c1111bHoro AYXOM 11 eepolO, cnasiHHoro Teep-
AOH HepyWHMOH AHCU,"1nl1"1HOH 6oeeoro l<Ol1110KTJ.1Ba - BOT
KOMnlleKC J.1CKYCCTBa KOMaHA11pa yMeTb KOMaHAOBaTb.
06pa3 reHepa11a 11 o<f>1-1u,epa 6yAeT npeACTae11eH sip4e,
ec1111 aeTopy yAacrcsi nOHSITb: pa3Mbrw11eH11si KOMaHp,1-1pa
nepeA 6oeM, nepe>1<11eaH1-1e 6osi 3apaHee, 1-1cnb1TaH1-1e c1-111b1
eo1111 11 ceo11x cnoco6HocTei1 nepeA 4eCTblO opy>1<11si, Hapo-
AOM J.1 >1<"13Hbl0 AOBepeHHblX eMy COllAaT, TO eCTb, KaK SI
paHbWe Bbrpa3"111CSI, «6oi1 yMa c YMOM», BK11I04aSI J.1 3TO
nOHSITHe - «BblHrpaTb 6oi1 B ce6e».
CaMoe TPYAHOe - Ha6paTbCsi TepneH1-1si, BblAep>1<K1-1,
cnOKOHCTBJ.1SI 1-1 x11aAHOKpoe1-1si, AYMaTb reop4eCKH, 3Apaeo ...
17
Hy>t<HO a a o6paae o<f>Hu,epa · no1<a3aTb .OTAellbHble wrpHXH
ncHxo11orHH 1<0MaHAOaaHHS1 TaK, KaK oHa ecTb. SI TaK A011ro
3aAep>t<allCSI Ha 3TOM onpeAeiteHHH nOTOMy, "!TO 6e3 noro
Kal.leCTaa He C03AaTb nOAllHHHOro. o6pa3a. o<f>Hu,epa-KOMaH-
AHpa a mnepaType. 6e3 rny601<oro nOHHMaHHSI o<f>Hu,epa
He nOHSITb 6oM H CMblCll 6opb6b1. ~TaK, KOMaHAHP - Tao-
peu, no6eAbl, CTep>t<eHb, u,eHTpallbHaSI <f>Hrypa, aoKpyr KO-
TOpOH t<py>t<aTCSI ace, KaK. n11_aHeTbl aoKpyr COllHU,a. .
0AHHM H3 HepeweHHblx a 1111TepaType aonpocoe npo.:
AOll>KaeT OCTaBaTbCSI HaU,HOHallbHblH eonpoc B apMHH. npH-
XOAHTCSI. CO>KaneTb, "!TO HeKOTOpb1e CTapalOTCSI 3TH MHOro-
rpaHHble H w.eneTHllbHble OTHOWeHHSI pa3pewaTb nol.ITH
OTnHCKOH, Heo6loeKTHBHO npeACTaBllSISI HeKHM yc110BHblM
3HaKOM u,e11yt0 apMHIO, orpaHH4HBaSICb npH noKa3e MHO-
roHaU,HOHallbHOro 11Hu,a Hawei:f eAHHOH apMHH 11Hwb yAa-
peHHeM Ha aKU,eHTe H 3K30TH"IHOCTH <f>Hryp.
Heo6xOAHMO pa3loSICHHTb e KHHre nOHSITHe o Ha4HOHa11b-
HOM AYXe (noi:f 611aropOAHOH 1.1epTe llH"IHOCTH e HaU,HH
H Hal..\HH a u,e110M) H 0 HaU,HOHallH3Me, .WOBHHH3Me (nopoK
llH"IHOCTH a HaU,HH).
IlH"IHaSI HaU,HOHallbHaSI, OTel.leCTBeHHaSI .ropAOCTb, HaU,H-
OHallbHble 611aropOAHble TpaAHU,HH, OC03Ha1-!He Toro, "!TO
ace HapOAbl H ace HaU,HH cnoco6Hbl. Ha aem11<oe H npe-
KpacHoe, "!TO HEH HaU,HOHallbHOH rpaAHL.\HH,. Mewaiow,ei:f
aoeaaTb, a eCTb HaL.\HOHallbHble rpaAHU.HH, noMoraiow,He
aoeeaTb,- crep>t<eHb HaU,HOHallbHOH nOllHTHKH a apMHH.
Ka>t<AblH AOll>KeH 11t06HTb caoio HaU,HIO H 1.1epe3 rny601<yt0
11106oab H ropAOCTb aa Hee noaHaTb APYrHe HaU,HH, yaa>t<aTb
H 1ll06HTb. HX.
Hau,HOHallbHaSI ropAOCTb ,....- HepyWHMblH 3aKOH H ce1ii:b1-
HS1 AllSI llH"IHOCTH B HaU,HH. TOT, KTO He yaa>t<aer caolO
HaU,HIO H He ropAHTCSI eio - - TOT, 6eayc11oaHO, 6e3pOAHblH
"lellOBeK, 6pOAS1ra. ropAblH MO>KeT yaa>t<aTb TOllbKO rOpAO-
ro H ano11He 3aKOHHO He yaa>t<aer HeropAoro. 6parcrao
HapOAOa OCHOaaHO Ha ropAOCTH HaU,HH. B 3TOM COCTOHT
OCHOaa HHTepHaU,HOHallH3Ma. floHSITHe H aocnHTaHHe HHTep-
FtaU,HOHallbHOH ropAOCTH S1am1eTCSI OAHHM H3 aa>t<HeHWHX
HCTO"IHHKOB BOCnHTaHHSI TaKOH apMHH, KaK Hawa MHOrOHa-
U,HOHallbHaSI apMHSI. 6e3 rny6oKoro noHHMaHHSI HHTepHaU,H-
OHallH3Ma He noHSITb H o6pa3a COBeTCKOrO O<f>HU,epa. .
HeKOTOpblX H3 MOHX MOCKOBCKHX co6eceAHHKOB-11HTe-
paTopoe CMyW,alOT JIK06b1 a36y1.1Ho-311eMeHrapHble TpaKTOB-
KH ycraBHblX nOllO>KeHHH B npOH3BeAeHHJIX nOA 11HT06pa-
6oTKOH A11e1<caHApa 6e1<a. TaK Kat< 3TH ToeapHW.H H nOHblHe
18
He nepec1at0T r0Bop1.nb 06 3TOM Ha 11t060M m11epa1ypHOM
nepeKpeCTKe, SI n03BOJllO HH>Ke noBTOpHTb CBOH pa3'bSICHe.-:
H"1SI no cyw.ecTBY 3Toro Bonpoca.
Yc1aB - 61-16111-1sr KOMaHAHpa. 6e3 rny6oKoro noHHMa-
HHSI ycTaBa He nOHSITb o6pa3a ocp1-1u,epa. 6e3 3HaHHSI npaB
H Kpyra o6sr3aHi-tocTeH He C03AaTb o6pa3a BO BCeH ero
r11y61-1He. He11b3SI HaHTH HCTOKH ero OOABHra. 6e3 yctaBa He
nOHSITb o6pa3 ocp1-1u,epa. 6e3 yc1aBa He nOHSITb co11AaTa. 6e3
yc1aBa He nOHSITb 6oH. 6e3 ycTaBa He nOHSITb BOHHy.
We11b1e rnaBbl yc1aea nOAHHMat01csr AO cp1-111ococpcKHX
o6o6~eHHH. Yc1aB ecTb npOH3BeAeHHe HcKyccTBa. YcTaB
ecTb 0606w.eHHb1H, c>1<a1b1H, cnpeccoeaHHblH crycTOK onb11a
6oeB - MblWJleHHe B nOHSITHSIX, BBeAeHHOe B C03HaHHe
Mb1c11sr~1-1x BoeHHblX pyKoBOAHTeneH u,eHOIO HeOAHOKpaT-
HblX, MHOrHX >1<ep1B, H lian1-1caH OH KpOBbtO. B HeM B110>1<eH,
KaK HH B KaKOH ApyroH KHHre, 3ApaBblH CMblCJl (He BCeM.
AOCTynHblH H npH H3y4eHHH Tpe6yt0~HH AeTaJlbHOH pac-
w1-1cppoBKH, TpaKTOBKH, npHMeHHTeJlbHO K 06c1aHOBKe); oc-
HOBHble, OTnpaBHble ycTaHOBKH - AaHHble 3aKOHa, MeTOAa
TaKTH4eCKHX H onepaTHBHblX npHeMOB H cnoco6oB BeAeHHSI
6osr H HcKycc1Ba BOHHbl, rny6oKo 06ocH0BaHHb1e HayYH0-
1eope11-14ecKH H npaKTH4eCKH MHOro11eTHHM, MHOro>t<ep-
TBeHHblM 6oeBblM OOblTOM - HCTOpHeH BOHH.
He Ka>KAOMY npocBeUJ,eHHOMY eoeHHOMY npocpecc1-10Ha-
11y AOCTynHbl Bee naparpacpb1 yctaea BO BCeH rny61-1He
3Toro nOHSITHSI. no3TOMY MHOrOTOMHble BOeHHble TPYAbl,
HanHCaHHble AO Hae H B Hawe epeMSI, HMeK>T eAHHCTBeHHYIO
3aAaYy - pac1onK0BaTb ycrae, H apMHSI BOeHHblX npocpec,.
copoB npow11oro H HacTOSIUJ,ero He MO>KeT co eceH onpe.,.
AeJleHHOCTblO CKa3aTb, 4TO HMM 3TO y>1<e AOCTHrHyro.
Cno>1<Hyt0 npo611eMy B HaweH npaKTHKe npeACTaBm1er
3HaHHe ycraBa, a noHHMaHHe - TeM 6011ee. C11eA0Bare11b-
Ho, Yro6b1 noHSITb ycraB, HY>KHO HMerb 6onbwyto reope-
THYecKyto nOArOTOBKY H rpOMllAHblH npaKTH4eCKHH OOblT,
nHYHO np1-106pereHHblH Ha none 6osr. no:noMy HeOAHO.,.
KpaTHble 3asrB11eHHS1 HeKOTOpblX n1-1carenel1, yrBep>1<Aa-
to~1-1x, 4TO 3HalOT ycraB, HeBOJlbHO, HapaeHe c 3aKOHHO
cnpaeeAJlHBblM pa3Apa>t<eHHeM, Bbl3blBalOT ropbKytO, HO
BMecre c TeM HpOHH4eCKYIO ynbl6Ky ...
Kopo4e roBopsr, ecnH aerop n1-1wer Ha reMy soHHbl,
HMeSI nOA pyKaMH AOKyMeHram.HblH MarepHan peanbHOH
p,eHCTBHTenbHOCTH, eMy He H36e>t<aTb yc1aa . HM B KOeM
cnyYae H HH npH KaKHX 06crosrre11bCTBaX, TaK KaK H36eraTb
ero - :no 3Ha4HT H36eraTb >KH3Hb, H36eraTb >KHByto, >KYT-
19
KylO, KpaC04HYIO AeHcre'i-nenbHOCTb Ha none 60.ll, BCTaTb Ha
nyrb cpanbci-lcpHKaropa, Yero S1 He >1<enan 6b1 Aa>Ke epary
ceoeMy. Ha. eoi:iHe cnyYai:iiiocrei:i KaK raKOBblX Her, a ecrb
aaKOHOMepHOCTb. KaK H APYrHe S1B/leHHS1, 6oi:i orpCtHH4eH
ceoHMH aaKoHaMH, npaeHnaMH, HopMOH. C66pHHKOM, co-
6paHHeM 3THX 3aKOHOB S1B/lS1IOTCS1 ycraBbl.
"1TaK, ycrae - 3TO >KH3Hb. nepeAaYa MblW/leHHS1 B no-
HS1THS1X1 npeepaw,eHHe MblW/leHHS1 e 06paab1 xyA0>1<ecreeH-
HOH nHreparypb1, Aenaiow,He AOXOAYHBblMH AO Maccoeoro
'IHTaTe/lS1 nono>1<eHHS1 ycraea, i<oropb1e Heo6xoAHMbl AllS1
HaWHX COOTe'!ecreeHHHKOB, KaK B03AYX, Ha AaHHOM 3Tane
pa3BHTHS1 Hawero noKO/leHHS1 CO/lAaT, pO>t<AeHHblX H o6S1-
3aHHblX cpa>t<aTbCS1 Ha .nio66M yYciCTKe B 3TY 3noxy Henpe-
pblBHblX eoi:iH, cnnowHoi:i >1<ecroKOH 6opb6b1, <1acro AOX6-
AS1W.ei:i AO rpy6oi:i cpopMbl - APaKH.
KHHra Ha reMy eoHHbl AOll>KHa rpaMOTHO, co ecei:i
ocrpOTOH oceew.arb eonpOCbl BOHHbl c eoeHHOH TO'IKH
apeHHS1, HMeS1 4eHrpanbHOH · {f>Hrypoi:i <1enoeeK.a e 6oio H
ero ncHxo:norHIO. 0Ha AOm+<Ha S1B/lS1TbCS1 AllS1 <1Hrare11S1
noco6HeM BOeHHOrO npoceew.eHHS1 (He TO/lbKO poMaHOM);
AalOW.HM eoaMo>Ki-locrb. noaHaTb yMOM 11cr11Hy Ha eoi:ii:te.
Mi-ie Ka>KeTCS1, '!TO 11io6oe 1111reparypHo-xy Ao>1<ecreeH.:.
Hoe npo11aeeAeH11e Ha eoeHiiyio reMy 06pe<1eHo raK>Ke Ha
HeyAa<1y (Heno11Ho4eHHOCTb H · iie>1<11ey<1ecrb), ecn11 ero ae-
rop HrHop11pyer ycrae; 3THM caMblM OH He ronbKO ry611r
A11S1 ce6S1 xopowyio nepcneKrney, a, caMoe o6HAHOe, ry6Hr
Aeno, H Ha MHOrHX 3TO HeC'!aCTbe He1136e>1<HO 06pyw11ea-
e'rcS1, nOTOMY 4TO OHl1 C411TalOT, 4TO ycrae H36eraTb ropa3AO
11er4e, <1eM nonb1TaTbCS1 nOHS1Tb ero.
MHe Ka>1<ercS1, 4TO ocHoeHaS1 3aAaYa xyAO>KHHKa - :no
B03pO>KAaTb >KH3Hb, HaWeAWYIO noKOH B riaparpacpax ye-;_
Taea B C>KaTOM, 4eKaHHOM, cyxoM H3/lO>KeHl1H, TO ecTb OH
o6S13aH O>KHBMTb ycrae e o6w.eAocrynHOH cpopMe XYAO>Ke-
creeHHOro c11oea. XyAO>KHl1K AO/l>KeH 3aHl1MaTbCS1 pa3o6-
w.eHHeM o6o6w.eHHblX, cyMM11poeaHHblX ycraBOM cpaKTOB,
ceeAeHHblX e eA11Hoe noHS1THe. CneAoearenbHO, XYAO>KHl1K-
nHcare11b AOll>KeH 3HaTb 6011bwe, 4eM ycrae; ec1111 OH
pacnonaraer cyMMOH - HaHTH c11araeMb1e, ec11H OH xo<1er
AOCTynHO paCTO/lKOBaTb np0113BeAeH11e - HaHTl1 MHO>Kl1-
MOe H MHO>Kl1Tenb, 3HaTb Ae1111MOe H ~/lHTellb, 4T06bl
cKa3aTb o 4aCTHOM. Oco6eHHO c11eAyer 6b1Tb ocropo>t<HblM
co 3HaKaMl1 nlllOC H Ml1Hyc, Aa6bl cyMMa H pa3H-OCTb Hl1
B KOeM c11y4ae He BblW/111 3a paMKl1 cnpaBeA/111BOCTl1.
Bee 3t<cnepHMeHra11bHb1e np11eMbl 6oS1, raKr114ecK11e H
20
onepan10H~1e 3aMb1e11b1 npo11aeoAstTesi.1:1. 11a6op<1Tqp1111 eo~
Hbl - Ha none. 6osi, Ha Hae, eonAaTaX~ Mbl. eeoei:i KpOBbto
noATBepmp,ae.M . npaBl1llbHOeTb 111111 HenpaBl1JibHOeTb TOl-o
111111 Apyroro no11o>KeH11st. TonbKO Ha Hae, eonAai:ax, 11enb1-
Tb1eaeTest 3cpcpeKTHBHOeTb eeeic eaK411H eoHHbl, no3TOMY ml-
eaTento Heo6xoAHMO np11e11eaTb ee6e eoHHY - eaK411Hy · 11
Hae.eerA.a H3.Jle4HTbest OT Jll1TepaTypHoro llHXa4eeTea yMa 11
nepa. .
KorAa Mbl roeop11M 06 yeTaee l<paeHOH ApM1111, H.e
eneAyeT aa6b1BaTb, 4TO OH siensieTest paapa6oTKOH OCHOBHblx
nono>KeHl1H BOHHbl, 3TO He KOnl1SI neTpoeeKoro yeTaea, 111111
eye,opoee·KoH HayK11 no6e>KAaTb, 111111 yeTaea KaKoH-H116yAI,
11HOeTpaHHOH apM1111, a eaMOeTOSITellbHast,, coepeMeHHaSI eo-
eHHast MblCllb, crycTOK 3BOlll041111, 0606LL1eH11S1, OC03HaHl1SI
orib1Ta 6oee, no3TOMY Ka>KAblH, paccMaTp11easi ceoe noHstT11e
06 yeTaee Yepea np11aMy Kp11T11K11, o6siaaH AOl1CK11eaTbCS1 AO
11CTl1Hbl,
B XOAe 0Te4eCTBeHHOH eoHHbl HeKOTOpb1e ycTaBHble
nono>KeHl1SI 4aCTO 11 noeTOSIHHO MeHSIJ111Cb, TaK KaK Ha
npaKTHKe 6oeeb1x Aei:icrn11i:i He HawnH onpaeAaHHst 111111
nOAJle>f<allH 4aCTl14HOMY YT04HeHl1to. no3TOMY He cneAy'eT
nepeCMOTP yCTaBOB paccMaTp11BaTb KaK HeycTOH411BOCTb
111111 Heo6ocHOBaHHOCTb, Hao6opoT, 3TO AOKa3aTeJlbCTBO
nonHoro OTCYTCTBl1SI KOHcepeaTl13Ma B HaWeM eoeHHOM
Aene - B 3TOM COCTOHT ero 6onbWeBHCTCKl1H xapaKTep.
B nep110A HacTynneH11H Hawei:i apM1111 Ka>KAblH, yyecrnysi
np1161111>KeH11e KOH4a eoi:1Hbl, ornstAblBaeTCSI Ha3aA, BCMaT-
p11ecieTC.sl B 111140 ee OCHOBHblX 3TanOB. nep110A OTeTynneHl1SI
6bin xapaKTepeH OCTpblM Oll.IYLl.leH11eM 601111 3a pOAHHy,
BblpaCTano OC03HaH11e ce6.si rpa>KAaHHHOM, cepA4e KOTO-
poro 11CT0KaeT KpOBblO aa Ka>KAblH OTAaHHbli:1 epary KllO'WK
POAHOH 3eM1111. 3To Hawno eb1pameH11e e 11y4w11x cT11xax.
nepeoro nep110Aa BOHHbl - Cyp1<ooa, TeapAOBc1<oro.
CTa61111bHOCTb cflpOHTa nopoA1111a TOCKY no AOMy, >KeHe,
AeTS!~, poAHOMY ropoAy - 3A0Cb 4eHTpOM BH11MaH11S1 CTan
CHMOHOB c ero HHTHMHOH 1111p1-11<ot:1.
B Tperni:1 nep110A, 3noxy no6eAHoro HaCTynneHHSI, l'o-
CKa, nHpHKa OTCTynatoT Ha BTOpot:i nnaH. HacTynneHHto
HY>KHa no6eAHasi repo1-14ecKast necHst. B HacTynneHHH, Kai<
Hl1rAe, no3T, a He npoaaHK AOn>f<eH 6b1Tb psiAOM c 6oi:i40M.
6oe4 B 3n1-11<0-repo1-14ecKHX o6paaax no33HH AOn>KeH ou\y-·
THTb ceoH 6oraTblpc1<He B03MO>f<HOCTH. Yme Han1-1caHHb1e
MapwH no111<0B H AHBH3HH AOll>KHbl BblpacTaTb B . HOBblX
CTpOKaX c HOBblMH HMeHaMH repoee, j.jMeHaMH . OTBOeBa'li-
21
Hblx ropoAoe - :no no331.u1 nOA'beMa co3HaHHJI CTHXHMHOH
CHJlbl o6pa30B, npa3AHHKa 'IYBCTB, ropAblX coeepweHHOH
OTearoM HaWHX BOHHOB.
liicKyccTeo cei:!Yac ecTynaeT e 3noxy Kanr.tTallbHoro cTpo-
HTenbCTBa Ha TeMbl BOHHbl, OTKa3blBaJICb OT epeMJIHOIC
noneeoro Tr.tna - HeAonroee'!Hbrx, HMeewr.tx 3aAa'leM o6ec-
ne'!eHHe HY>KA TOJlbKO ceroAHJIWHero AHJI.
MHe Ka>KeTCJI, '!TO HacTano epeMJI HCTHHHOMY xyAo>K-
HHKY npe>KAe ecero caMoonpeAemtTbCJI, eHyTpeHHe pac-
Kpenow,aJ1 ce6J1, pa6oTaTb 6e3 ornJIAKH, He CKOBb1easi Teop-
'!ecKoe eoo6pa>Ketir.te u,enJIMH npe>KAeepeMeHHblX eonpo-
coe «KaK noAyMalOT», «KaK nOCMOTPSIT», «'!TO CKa>KyT»,
«noHpaer.tTC.R 11f1». Bee 3TO AenaeT nor'OAY Ha KopaTKHM
oTpe30K epeMeHH.
XyAO>KHHK AOn>KeH >KHTb BblCOKHMH HAe.RMH, H He cne-
AYeT eMy, pa60Tat0w,eMy HaA 6onbWOH TeMOM, caMoMy
B XOAe pa60Tbl npr.tMeHSITb HO>KHHU,bl 'law,e, '!eM KapaHAaW.
no3T MOr 6b~ Aep3HOBeHHO CKa3aTb:
SI cnoaoM B cnoao XOTen BOHTH,
4To6b1 cnoiloM cnoeo lf<e4b.
SI Mb1cnb10 B Mb1cnb xoTen BOHTH,
4To6bl MblCnblO MblCnH Ce4b.
SI 4YBCTBOM B 4YBCTBO xoTen BOHTH',
4To6bl B 4YBCTBax 4YBCTBO 6epe4b.
SI B BOHHY BOHHOH xoTen BOHTH,
4To6b1 BOHHY BOHHOH npece4b.
SI B no33HIO no33Hei1 xoTen eOHTH,
4T06bl {1033HIO n033HeH B03HeCTb.
SI lf<H3Hbl0 B lf<H3Hb xoTen aoiiTH,
4To6bl lf<H3Hbl0 lf<H3Hb npHHeCTb.
~ yTeep>KAalO, '!TO MHOrHe H3 cppoHTOBHKOB, 3anHCbl-

ealOW,HX BOCROMHHaHHJI, HecyT B ce6e 6onbWOM JlHTepa-
TYPHblM H AOKyMeHTallbHblM MaTepr.tan. noeTOpH'IO, HeKOTO-
pbre H3 HHX, MHe Ka>KeTcsi, nocTynat0T coeepweHHO pa3-
YMHO, KOrAa OAHOepeMeHHO c nr.tcaTeJlSIMH-npocpeccHOHa-
.riaMH XOTSIT OCMblCJ1HTb nepe>KHTOe, AOBepsi.si nr.tcaTemo
CBOIO naMSITb H CBOH 3anHCH~
K ropbKOMY co>KaneHHIO, HeKOTOpbre aeTopbr CMOTp.RT
Ha TaKHX - cppoHTOBHKae, KaK Ha yAa'IHO noAeepHyewr.ti:icsi
MaTepr.tan, cp11r.tpTyt0T c TeMOM, B llY'IWeM cnyyae TpaKTYIOT
HX paccKa3br, 3anr.tcH · H MblCJlH, KaK cny'laMHO cKa3aHHbre
cnoea, 'leM · 3arnywat0T i-onoc repoJ1 H KOMnpoMeTr.tpyt0T
i.J,enbHbii:i H u,eHHblM no COAep>KaHHIO MaTepr.tan, Tepsisi npH
ero oceoeHHH Yei<aHHblM R3brK eor.tHa. 3To 3aKOHHO ebl3brea-
eT B03MyW,eHr.te, BHyTpeHHHM TBOp'leCKHM C'leT H r11y60Kyl0
22
"lellOBe"leCKYK> o6HAY SOHHa, KOTOpOMY cyposaJI H tparn4e-
CKaH o6ctaHosKa BOHHbl npoAHKTOeana Mb1cn11 .11 o6pa3bl.
OH, B030MHHB ce611 TBop40M. 1 XYAO>KHHKOM cnoea,

>KH3Hb BOCnpHHHMaeT nHWb no BHeWHHM np113HaKaM.
SI xo4y H3HYTPH npenoAHeCTH p11cyHOK · peanbHOH
>t<H3HH, 11a4epTaB ee yrn.eM, a He HaManeeae
MacnJIHOH KpacKOH.
OH paccTaen11eT repoee, KaK 3HaKH npen11HaH1111 11 newK11.
SI CMOTplO Ha HHX, KaK Ha nH4HOCTH B 11crop1111 1 KaK
Ha 611orpa<j>HIO HapOAHYIO·
SI, KpOBblO nepe>t<HB 11crop1110, XYAO>KHHK 6onbwe, 4eM
OH.
TaKoa MOH c4eT, 1160 ae4HOH teMOH soHHbl oc1ae1cJ1

CBJIW,eHHO npOllHTaJI KpOBb.
• • •
Haw11 conAaTbl a ne4a111, 11 oco6eHHO Ka3axctaHCKOH,
noKa3blSalOTCJI s HenpHrllJIAHOM, cepoM BHAe, no3TOMY jl
BblHY>KAeH 6bl/l s Ha4a/le 1942 rOAa Han11caTb nHCbMO
n11ca1enHM, >1<ypHan11ctaM, H3AaTe/lHM Ka3axctaHa. MHor11e
M3 HHX Ha MeHH 0611Aen11cb, 06pa111s · rnaaHoe sH11MaH11e Ha
pe3KOCTb TOHa nHCbMa. (TeKCT AaH s astopcKOH peAaKU,HH,
6e3 H3MeHeHHH, c He3Ha4HTe/lbHblMH COKpa~eHH
"MH.- npMM. pe,q.)
((~ npHHOWY rny6o4aHWHe H3SHHeHHJI n11cate/lS1M,
>1<ypHa/lHCTaM-Ka3aXaM, KOTOpb1e cei:14ac 3aHJITbl KOH-
c1py11posaHHeM 6onbworo arperata AllH 4enose4ecKoH
AYWH, C03AaHHeM KpynHoro, o6'beMHoro, Kan111anb-
Horo xy,qo>KeCTSeHHOro npOH3SeAeHHJI (KOTOporo Mbl
AO KOHU,a soHHbl, no sceH sepoHTHOCTH, He ysMAHM),
4TO 3THM nHCbMOM jl SMeWHSalOCb s HX Aella, OTBlle-
KalO HX SHHMaHHe.
Ho "• KaK pyKOBOAHTellb 6onee 4eM TblCH4H snon-
He cno>+<11sw11xcJ1 L1enose4ecK11x AYW, Hb1He HaXOAH-
w,11xcH s pHAax conAaT 01e4ec1seHHOH sOHHbl, 11cnb1-
Tb1saio~11x Ha ce6e see THrocTHble 11cnb1taH11J1 1 n11we-
HHJ1 H nepe>1<11eaHH5! y>+<acoe SOHHbl H nepe>KHSaHH51
paAOCTH 6oeeoro nOASHra 11 paAOCTH no6eAbl, AYWOH,
cepAU,eM H Te/lOM, <f>H3H4eCKH, MOpallbHO H Hpae-
CTBeHHO tepn51~HX AYXOBHblH rOllOA, SHAH, HCOblTblBa51
H 4YSCTSY51 3TH 51SJ1eHHJI 60J1bWOro 6oesoro KOJlJleKTH-
sa, no .qonry c,ny>1<6b1 - 51 sbll:IY>+<.AeH no CAenatb.
23
M·He· noAci<a3b1ea10T Mosi · coeeCTb, Mosi YeCTb, MOH
AO/Jr,
. SI nHwy He· Ami Toro, 4T06b1 nepeAaTb eaM ropsi-
i.tHM npHeeT OT 6oi:tu.oe H . KOMaHAHpoe 8-M reapAeM-
. CKOM CTpenKOBOM AHBH3HH' .;_ 1-ia 3tO. SI He ynonHOM0-
4eH.
TaK>Ke nHwy He Ansi Toro, 4T06b1 AaTb HHTepeblO
nio6onblTHblM >t<ypHanHCTaM 0 6oeeb1X 3nH30AaX Ha
HaweM yYaCTKe cppOHTa - Ha 3TO TO>Ke He HMelO non-
. HOM04HSI.
SI nHwy Ansi Toro, 4T06b1 eaM eceM 3asieHTb npe-
TeH3HH 6oi:tu.oe, KOTOpb1e Haxo>+<y cnpaeeAmtBblMH
nH4HO c Moei:t T04KH 3peHHsi. HaAelOCb, 4TO Bbl c
AOCTOHHCTBOM nHTepaTopa, xnaAHOKpOBHO,. no-Aeno-
BOMy, BblCllywaeTe 3TY Ma/leHbKYIO Henp·HSITHOCTb, Ka-
KOBYIO SI HH>+<e npenOAHecy Ha pe3KOM, rpy6oM,
HeOTW11HcpoeaHHOM ceoeM C011AaTCKOM Sl3b1Ke, pac-
C4HTblBasi Ha eawe CHHCXO>+<AeHHe, 611arOAYWHO npo-
wy npOCTHTb MeHSI - OTBblKWero roeopHTb H3SIW,HO,
Ae1111KaTHO H AHnnoMaTH4HO. BeAb Allsi 3TOro HY>+<HO
epeMSI, KOTOpblM He pacno11ara10, 11y4we KOp04e, XOTSI
.TonopHo, HO o Aene, o c11y>t<6e - 6yAy nHcaTb ..
B nepe>+<HeaeMble HaMH cypoeb1e AHH Be11HKOM
0Te4eCTBeHHOH BOMHbl Haw HapOA, Haw . coeeTCKHM
Tb111 eOHHaM KpacHOM ApMHH AalOT ace Heo6xoAHMOe
A11S1 6osi H A11S1 no6eAbl.
KaK opy>+<He, TaK · H o6MYHAHpoeaHHe e XOAe 6oee
H3HaWHeaeTCSI, a HaWH TeXHHKH, MaCTepa HaM ceoee-
peMeHHO peMOHTHPYIOT opy>+<He; nopTHble H cano>K-
HHKH 4HHSIT, WTonalOT, HaKllaAblBalOT 3an11aTKH Ha Ha-
wei1 H3HOCHBWeHCSI 3KHn11poeKe, npOH3BOASIT o6blK-
HOBeHHblH Me/lKHH H TeKyw,11i:t peMOHT; TeM caMblM
• npeAoxpaHSISI 6oi:tu.a OT Cb1pocT11, HenorOAbl H eeTpa,
npOA/1118 ceoeepeMeHHblM peMOHTOM cpOK HOCKH, T.e.
3acTae11si10T KO>+<y H x11onYaT06yMa>KHblM MaTep11a11 Ye-
CTHO 11 AO npeAellbHOM B03MO>l<HOCTH cny>+<HTb HapOA-
·HoMy, HaweMy o6w,eMy Aeny c 6011bwoi1 nonb30M.
/J,yx HaWHX . 6oi1u.oe . i1 KOMaHA11pOe B 60pb6e
KpenoK, KaK rpaH11T. HeHaeHCTb K 3aKnsiTOMY epary
· ropi1T e cepAu.e· Ka>t<Aoro 113 Hae. Ho AyL.Ua conAaTa
TO>l<e i1MeeT CBOMCTBO H3Haw11eaTbCSI ~ C011AaT He Ka-
·MeHl:i, He CTa.nb, .He CTeKno, a 4enoeeK, o6blKHOBeHHblH
. 4e11oeeK to eceMl1 4e11ose4eCKHMH 'AOCTOl1HCTBaMl1,
4,YBCTBaMl1 11 c11a6oc'rSIMH, npHCYW,11Ml1 Ka>KAOMy.
i4
OH He· TOnbKO nocTOSIHHO npoJ1enS1eT. OTaaryy Myxe-
CTBO, repoH3M, HO H e MHHYTbl AYWeBHOH .Hee_3rOAbl
npoS1enS1eT. H cna60AYWHe H- cna6oeon1o1e. MHOrHM
YAaeTc:;-si caMHM nepe6opOTb 3TY Hanaewyio Ha Hero
cna6ocTb H B3SITb ce6S1 e PYKH. ApyrHM To.eapHW,H
n0Morat0T. TpeTbHX KOMaHAHP H nonHTpci6oTHHKH
o60APSllOT. 0AHHM CIIOBOM, TO>Ke- noHeMHO>KKY pe-
MOHTHPYIOTCSI, OTTa4HBatOTCSI, KaK ne3&He 6oeeoro
KnHHKa H 6oeeoro WTblKa AnS1 3aBTpawHero 60S1,
AaeTCSI HY>KHblH 3aKan HeKOTOpblM ocna6eewHM e
orHe 6oee .
. 6oeu, - >KHBOH 4e.noseK. OH rpycTHT 0 >KH3HH, 0
nt06BH, OH >Ka>t<P,eT . naCKH ..... He>KHOCTH nt06HMOH,
4YAHoro 11eneTa ManeHbKoro, 3a6aeHoro Kapany3HKa
CblHa 11n_H KYAPSIBOH ManioceHbKOH A04KH - OH. My>t<,
OH OTeu,!
OH Tpenew,eT OT paAOCTH 6oeeoro nOABHra, pa-
AOCTH nt06BH, paAOCTH OTU,OBCKOro 4YBCTBa, BOCXHW,a-
eTCSI KpacoToi1 np11pOAbl. He>t<HO nt06HT BAblxaTb npH-
·SITHblH apOMaT U,BeTOB. npHSITHO OW,yw,aeT Tenno Slp-
KOrO, conHe4Horo, . CHS1t0w,ero AHSI. OH c nt06oebt0
CMOTpHT B rony6oe, 6e3o6na4HOe 3Be3AHOe He6o
H04bl0 .. 3To >KH3Hb, OH - >KHBOH' 4enoeeK.
OH nna4eT, 11 nna4eT ropbKO, onycKaSI e Mor11ny
Teno y61o1Toro 6oeeoro Toeap11w,a. OH 3i1HTCSI, HepBHH-
4aeT, rpycTHT, ne4anHTCSI; 0611>t<aeTCSI Ha HeBHHMa-
TenbHOCTb 6n113KHX nt0Aei1, APY3ei1 11 xopow11x
TOeap11w,ei1.
nopoi1 OH ycTaeT <f>H3H4eCKH H AYXOBHO: B ronoey
ne3yT pa3Hble MblCnH, KOTOpble MewalOT, KycalOT,
npHCTalOT, csepnS1T, T04aT, nHnSIT H Ha3oHnHe.o TPYT AO
1<poe11, TSl>t<eno AaBSIT Ha Teno H Aywy.
51 He pS1AOBoi1 6oeu,, HO TO>t<e conAaT, 11 see 3TO
SI HCnblTan, BHAen, cnblWan H HeAaBHO 6b1n CBHAeTe-
neM TaKoro pa3roeopa e 6nHHAa>t<e. ·
4To6bl pa30rHaTb .3TH . MblCnH H BO epeMSI
10-15-rn MHHYTHOH. nepeAblWKH 3a6b1TbCS1, 6oeu, 113
eew,eeoro MewKa BblHHMaeT KHH>KKY H 4HTaeT ee or-
naeneHHe.
- Ax! 0 BOHHe. KaK e OKone, e CblpOM H no-
nyMpa4HOM 6nHHAa>t<e >1<11eeTCS1,- pa3roeap11eaS1 caM
c co6oi1, WBblpSleT KHHry 801'.1, nyCTHB no. aApecy
aBTOpa HaCTOSIW,HH MCIT,- OH AYMaeT,. 4TO SI He
.3Hal0 ""'""". SI TO.nbKO 4TO OTTyAa.
25
CHOsa KonaeTCSI s MeWKe. Bb1TacK11saeT B noTpe-
naHHOH 06110>1<Ke MaJleHbKyto KHl1>t<e4KY 11 f"OB0p11T,
paccMaTp11easi ee:
- ,l1,oporoH AHTOH naenOBH4. 3.t1pascTByH, AOpo-
f"OH MOH AOKTop,- pyKa· y Hero APO>+<HT, >+<aAHO
411TaeT KopoTeHbK11e paccKB3bl 4exoea. Ero rna3a
nocTeneHHO nacKOBO npo6eratoT CTpoK11 3a cTpoKaM11,
ero o6eeTpeHHoe MOPU:.\11Hl1CToe 1111u,o np11S1THO B3Apa-
r11saeT 11 B yrnax noTpecKaBWHXCSI ry6 TIOSIB11SleTCSI
y11b16Ka, 11 OH, np11x11onHye naAOHbto no KoneHy, n04Tl1
6e3yMHO XOX04eT.
OH npo1siHy11 KHH>+<Ky Tosap11l.L.\y, YAHeneHHOMY
ero HeO>t<HAaHHblM CMeXOM:
- Ha, noY11TaH ... BOT 3TO MecTo,- yKa3bleaeT OH
nanbu,eM. ~
OnsiTb poeTcsi e Mew Ke .. , paAOCTHO roeop11T:
- 30110TOH A11e1<caHAP Cepreee11Y, reHepa1111c-
c11Myc pyccKOH no331111 11 c11oeecHocT11. 0YeHb 11
04eHb, OT AYWl1 ·paA eac BCTpeTl1Tb B 3TOM 6nHHAa>+<e.
,D,o6po no>+<anoeaTb. C HaM11 eMecTe eoeeaTb np11w1111,
3eM1lto pycc1<yt0 3al.L.\11W,aTb? no>1<a11yHCTa, TIO>t<anyH-
CT8. PaA MMeTb TaKoro 6oeeoro Apyra, KaK Bbl ...
B 3TO epeMsi 3aMno1111Tpy1<a np11Hoc11T ra3eTbl.
6oeu, 6epeT «Cou,Ma1111cT11K l<a3axc1aH». 811AHO, YTO-TO
11w,a, npo6e>t<ae cTpaH11u,y, pa304apoeaHHO OTAaeT 06-
paTHO, npMroeap11easi: ·
.....;.. Om1Tb «noMOW,b cppOHTy». Bcsi ra3eTa 11cn11ca-
Ha. l<oHeYHO, SI He npoT11e, HY>+<Ho, · 11 1 . 6e3yc11oeHo,
HY>+<HO ne4aTaTb, HO He Ha ecex YeTb1pex cTpaH11u,ax ...
,D,nsi AYWl1-TO 4TO-H116yAb Hane4aTa1111 6b1,- TS1>1<e110
B3AOXHyB,- ox, peABKTOp, peAaKTop! ,lJ,yw11 y Te6S1,,
6pa1eu,, HeT. Bte paeHo, Ka+< MOH nyneMeT - «TaK,
. TaK, TdK» - TBepA11Wb 11 n1epA11Wb; 6e3 KOHU,a 11
1<pasi: «BOHHa, BOHHa, BOHHa»... KoHeYHO, BOHHa, SI
0Tp11u,at0, YTO 1111? cPaKT, y>t<e no111opa roA Ha1111u,o.
Cyxapb Tbl p>+<aHoH, 6paT, XOTb 0611>t<aHcS1, HO ece
paeHo roaopto :...._ cyxapb! 6e3 e+<yca o eoHHe n11wewb,
B BOeHHOH Ky1111Hap1111, I< CO>KaneHHIO, Mano
pa3611paewbcS1.
-- Ha... «KpacHaSI 3ee3Aa»,- npoTsir11eaeT noM-
nonMT.
- ,l1,aeaH, 4TO xopowero nt'1WyT,-6epe1 11
411TaeT ...
- A! "111t0wa! "1nioweHbKa, 3peH6yprywKal 0
4eM Tbl. MHe .Xo4eWb. cerOAHH paccKa3aTb? - 411TaH,
Kl1BaeT l".0110BOH: - npaBl111bHO, 6paT, npaBl111bHO ro-
BOp11Wb,., YMHblH Tbl MY>K11K oKa3a11cH. B4epa Ko-
MaHA11P o re6e roeop1111: «"111bJl 3peH6ypr - 11aeoA-
411K, CHai1nep, C011AaT - MeTKO 113 nepa CTpe11HeT»,
a H npocro, no-ceoeMy, no-Apy>1<ecK11 cKa>1<y:
«Tb1 - MOH Me11K11i1 canO>KHl1K, 11cKyCHblH noprHoi1,
Ka>KAblH A0Hb TO 3awronaewb, TO rB03A1140K np116b-
ewb Moel1 Aywe. Mo110Aeu., xopowo npo113BOA11Wb
Me/1Kl1H peMOHT»!
Ha rperbel1 crpaH11u,e, ye11AeB cr11x11, eocK111-1u,aer:
- KocTH C11M0Hoe ! Tb1 ro>t<e 3A0Cb, co11AaT 1111-
p11K11... xopowo o cepAe4HblX Aenax n1-1wewb,
xopowo!
A A6aH Mbl coeceM 3a6b11111,- roeop11r Apyrol1
6oeu,.
Aa, np11HTHO 6b1110 6b1 noroeop11Tb co crap11-
KOM, yMy-pa3yMy noy411TbCH y Hero.
- BeAb OH Hen11oxol1 BOHKa,- OTBe4aeT nepBblH
6oeu,,- HO, 3Haewb, MOJlOAOM 4e11oeeK, OH, A6aM, He
Bl1HOBaT, OH c YAOB011bCTBl1eM noeoeea11 6bl BMeCTe
c HaM11.- Pa3BeAH pyKaM11 11 n0Mopw,11e no6,
npOAOJl>t<aeT:
- noH11MaeWb, C11Y4H110Cb HeC4aCTbe, roeopHT 1
4TO Ha crap11Ka e A11Ma-Are AOMaWHHH apecr Ha-
11o>t<111111 11 P«;AaKrop 113AaTe11bcTea AO KOHU,a eol1Hbl
K HaM ero He HaMepeH OTnycKaTb, a noc11e BOHHbl OH
crap11Ka eaM B rpex TOMax X04eT npeACTaBl1Tb.
- Mo>1<Ho >1<e OTAe11bHb1e cr11x11 A6aH ne4aTaTb
A11H cppoHra, OTAe11bHb1M11 6powt0paM11,- roeop11r
rper11i1 6oeu,.
- Her,.:_ pa3Apa>KeHHo oree4a11 eMy nepeb1i1,-
HeT roeopt0, Tbl noH11Maewb, 4TO He11b3H, roeopHT ...
roeopHT, 4TO Ha :noro CTap11Ka 11CTpa4eHO MHOfO 6y-
Mar11 (nOTOMY 4TO OH paHbWe ecex Ka3aXCKl1X n11care-
11el1 ne4ara11cH), a cpoHA 113Aarenbcrea npeAHa3Ha4eH
MOJlOAblM n11caTe/1HM 11 no:naM, KOTOpb1e cel14aC y4aT-
CH BblBOA11Tb 6yKBbl HOBOrO ancpae11Ta. noHH11?
- Aoeo11bHo,- 6acoM npo113Hoc11T ecppei1Top,-
Aaeai1Te H eaM 11y4we ec11yx npo4TY «A11eKcel1 Ky1111-
Koe, 6oeu, ... » oop11ca rop6aTOBa, OH npOCTOrO .C011AaTa
xopowo 3HaeT 11 6oeu, e u,eHTpe era eH11MaH11H,
noToMy 11 xopowo n11weT. C11ywai1Te ...
TaKoH A11a11or - He. MOH BblAYMKa, a Ha caMOM
2.7.
Aene H B Aei1cTBHTellbHOCTH -HMen Mec10 B 611HHAa>Ke.
51 nepeAalO ero co BCeMH noAp06HOCHIMH H
YMblWJleHHO He Ha3b1Bal0 HMeHa 60J;14os, BO H36e>t<a-
HHe pa3>Ke4b orOHb pa3AOpa Me>KAY BaMH H 3THMH
npOCTbfMH 4eCTHblMH 6oi:i4aMH ...
51 C4HTato, 4TO TOBapH~H 60H4b1 npaBbf H, He
6YAY4H HH JlHTepaTopoM, HH H3AaTeneM, HH peAaK-
TOpOM H HH 4eH30pOM, nepeAalO· BaM 6e3 BCSIKOH
KOppeKTYPbl CJlOBa MOHX 6oeBblX APY3eH. npaBAa,
OHH ew.e o6H>KallHCb Ha MyxTapa, Ca6HTa, r a6HTa,
A6AH11bAY. KOTOpblX OHH npe>t<Ae rny6oKO ysa>1<a11H,
a cei:i4ac no HX aApecy TO>Ke HaroeopHnH pa3HbJe
HenpHstTHOCTH, HO HX st, 3a HeHMeHHeM BpeMeHH, He
3anHca11 (3a 4TO npowy HX H3BHHHTb MeHst), a 06ew,a11
6oi:i4aM HanHcaTb HM nHCbMO, 4T06bl OHH B 611H>Kai1-
wee speMst HanHca11H Allst cppoHTa KopoTeHbKHe, co-
Aep>t<aTellbHble, npOCTble paccKa3bf H CTHXH.
Tenepb HeMHOro OT csoero HMeHH. noA sne4aT-
neHHeM H3110>KeHHoro BblWe pa3rosopa st no3so11to
ce6e 3aAaTb eaM cneAytow,Me o6w,He sonpocb1.
Ka3axoe-6oi14oe HCI cppoHTe 0Te4eCTBeHHOH eoHHbl
He MeHee, 4eM COTHH TbfCSl.4. MHOrMe H MHOn1e H3 HHX
He enaAetoT pyccKHM st3bfKOM. Bae, 11HTepaTypHblX
6oi14oe H KOMaHAHPOB (K co>1<a11eHHIO, He MAYW.HX
e Hory c soeHHblM M TPYAOBbfM cppoHTOM), st
cnpawHeaio:
1. KTo H3 eac H3 KaKOH 4acnt _M K KaKoMy poAy
opy>t<Hst (n033Hst, npo3a, APaMaTyprnst M T. A·) 11HTe-
paTypHoro cppoHTa npHHaA11e>KHT? "1 4TO 3Ta 4aCTb
H poA opy>1<Hst H Bbl, KaK co11AaT, AenaeTe A11st
eoeHHoro H TPYAOBoro cppoHTa?
2. KTO H3 eac noAapHn COllAaTy XOTSI 6bf nOA-
CHe>KHHK, 11enecTOK, AHKOpaCTYW.HM TI011bnaH, He ro-
eopst o KY11bTYPHOH po3e H 4e110M 6yKeTe H3 4seToe,
KOT0pb10 npeAOCTaBHJlH 6bl 6oi14y paAOCTb H BAb1Xa11
6bl OH npHstTHblH apoMaT n033HH?
3. KTO H3 eac paccKa3a11 COJlAaTy IOMOpHCTH4eCKHH
paccKa3, Bbl3bJeatow,Hi1 XOTst 6b1 y.nb16Ky Ha ero cypo-
eoM 11114e, He roeopst o CMexe, xoxoTe, CT011b Heo6-
XOAHMOM AllSI C011AaTCKOH AYWH H A11Sl no6eAbl, KaK
ny11si, WTblK H npo4ee opy>t<Me?
4 . KTo M3 sac Han11ca11 no11Hb1i1 rope4M, HapOAHOro
ropst, rHeea, HeHaBHCTH K epary . TpareAHIO 80HHbl,
28
01-1epK (111111 KaK -TaM y Bae Ha3blBaeTc si B 1111TepaType),
pa3>1<11·ra10~11H AYWY 6oHu,a nllaMeHeM HeHaB11cT11,
np113b1Bal0~11H ero K 6ecnow.aAHOH MeCTl1, M~eH11IO
3110M 3a 3110, CMepTblO 3a CMepTb 11 KpOBblO 3a KpOBb?
5. KTo 113 Bae OTw1111cpoBaHHblM, c>1<aTblM, npo-
CTblM, noHHTHblM, no11HblM XYAO>KeCTBeHHOH c1111b1, AO-
. XOA411BblM AO 6oHu,a Sl3blKOM, Han11ca11 0 >K113Hl1,
C4aCTbe, 11106B11, o ceMbe, o coBecT11, o 4ecT11, o c11aBe,
A0611eCTl1, OTBare, HanoM11Ha10~eM 60HU.Y 0 BCeM
4e110Be4eCKOM AOCTOl1HCTBe, ropAOCTl1 11 4eCTl1, cno-
co6cTBylOW,11M nepe6opOTb 4YBCTBO CTpaxa, orpa>1<AaH
ce6si OT 4YBCTBa CTblAa, Hl130CTl1 11 no3opa?
6. KTo BaM cKa3a11, 4TO co11AaT 11AeT B 6oi1 yM11-
paTb? Jlo>1<b! Co11AaT 11AeT B 6oi1 He A11H Toro, 4T06b1
yMepeTb, OH, KaK 11 Bbl, .ii10611T >K113Hb 11 3a Hee 11AeT
B 6oH.
7. KTo BaM cKa3a11, 4TO cTpaxa HeT? CTpax ecTb, OH
Be3Aecyw; 11 np11cy~ Ka>KAOMY >Kl1By~eMy. 4yBCTBO
CTpaxa npeOAOlleBaeTCSI C03HaH11eM, rny6oKl1M C03Ha...:
H11eM 4YBCTBa · A011ra 11 611aropoACTBa. KTo BaM Aall
npaBO CKpblTb 3TOT cpaKT B 4ellOBe4eCKl1X 4YBCTBax, He
onl-icaTb ero npaBAHBO, HarllHAHO, 3aK11eHMl1Tb n030-
poM H npOKllSITbeM Tpyca 11 naHHKepa, MallOAYWHe
11 WKypH114eCTeo?
8. KTo cKa3a11 eaM, 4TO repoH3M - Aap np11pOAb1?
HeT! rep0113M He ecTb Aap npHpOAbl, a pe3)'11bTaT
C03HaTellbHOro BOHHCKOro BOCnHTaHHSI H np11HY>KAe-
Hl1SI ce6si C03HaTe11bH.o HATH Ha onacHOCTH, OTKYAa
6pb13>KeT CMepTblO, o6oApeHHblH B03BblWeHHblM 611a-
ropOAHblM 4YBCTBOM rpa>KAaHHHa A11H Bb1no11HeHHS1
CBsiw,eHHoro AOnra nepeA PoA11HOH.
9. Kro Aa11 eaM npaBo He OTAaTb AOll>KHoe co-
BepweHHOMY COllAaTOM nOABHry, OTBare, a MapaTb
6yMary XYAO>KecrBeHHOH pa3Ma3HeH, npeyMeHbWHB
HllH npeyBe11H4HB, no eoo6pa>1<eHH10 nHcaTe11si, AeH-
c1e11Te11bHblH npaBAHBblH cpaKT, Kpaco4HYIO HCTop114e-
cKy10 AeHCTB11Te11bHOCTb, noKa3aTb BO Beeb pocT no11-
HOB11acTHoro OcpHu,epa 11 KpOTKOrO C011AaTa?
10. KTo Aall BaM npaBo HeKoTOpb1e xopow11e
npOH3BeAeHHH pyccK11x nHcaTe11ei1 nocTp04HO; no a6:..
3aU,aM nepeBQAHTb Ha Ka3aXCKHH Sl3blK (H11KOMY He
noHHTHblH - pyccKHe ciloBa npo113HOCli1Tb no-Ka3ax-
cK11), a He 3acTae11Tb aBTopa 3ar0Bop11Tb cBo6oAHblM,
AOCTynHblM, nOHSITHblM Ka3aXCKHM Sl3b1KOM, no cyTH
H COAep>KaHHIO . opHrHHana ·C TaKoj;i- >Ke CHJ10i:1, KaK
H Ha pyccKOM Sl3b1Ke?
11. KTo Aa11 eaM npaeo 3aHstTb Bbl>KHAaTeJlbHYIO
n03H4HIO AO KOH4a BOMHbl, He nHcaTb, a co6HpaTb
noKa cny4aMHble MaTepHaJlbl H CHAeTb B JlHTepaTypHOM
3acaAe?
12. KTo no3eonHn HeKOTopblM_ ecppei1TopaM nHTe-
paTypb1 KOMaHAOBaTb nOJlKOM H ·AHBH3Hei1 /lHTepaTyp-
HOro cppOHTa?
13. KTo Hano>1<Hn AOMawHHM apecT Ha cTapHKa
A6asi, ero nMpHKy, ero reHHM, ero MY.APOCTb, H He
n03BOJlsteT eMy ManeHbKHMH 6powiopaMH npHMTH Ha
cppOHT? .
14. KTO HaJlO>KHJl 3anpeT Bble3Aa Ha cppOHT Ha-
pOAHOM MYAPOCTH, cKa3KH, ioMopa, CHJlbHblX H AO-
XOA4HBbrx, BOHHCTBeHHblX, n04TH cyeopOBCKHX HapOA-
HblX noroeopoK OT AellbHblMH 6powiopaMM?
15._ KTo Aan npaeo He Aep>KaTb nocTOSIHHO H
rny6oKo MYAPOro A>KaM6yna e Kypce co6blTMM, AaTb
3TOMY CHJlbHOMY arperaTy MYAPOCTH <<npocTOM», npH-
KpenHe K HeMy HerpaMOTHOro, Heee>KeCTBeHHOro, 4H-
Taiow,ero pyccKylO ra3eTy no cnoraM, ceKpeTapsi, TeM
caMblM 3aKOHCepeHpoeae CTapMKa B 6ypHble AHH 0Te-
4eCTBeHHOM eoi1H~?
16. KTo eaM Aan npaeo ocTaenstTb 6e3 BHHMaHHst,
(n04TH) 6e3 ra3eT H 6e3 JlMTepaTypbl COTHH TblCSl4
6oi14oe (He noHHMalOLLl,H_X HJlH cna6o nOHHMalOLLl,HX
no-pyccKH) - Ka3axoe Ha pOAHOM st3b1Ke?
51, KaK COJlAaT, Tpe6yio OTBeTa Ha ece 3TH eonpOCbl.
X0Te11 ew,e Koe-4TO cKa3aTb, HO _He pacno11ara10
epeMeHeM. 51 He 3aKJll04alO ceoe nHCb-MO. nOBTOpHblM
«H3BHHHTe» .JlHWb nOTOMy, 4TO nOA nepoM 4YBCTBYIO
npaBAY·
npHMHTe MOH HCKpeHHHe nO>KeJlaHHSI nllOAOTBOp-
HOM TBOp4eCKOM pa60Tbl Ha TeMy cerOAHSIWHero AHSI».
3THM «nHCbMOM K m1caTeJlSIM» SI XOTe/1 CKa3aTb, 4TO co-
nA<)T npe>KAe ecero - 4enoeeK M eMy npHcyw,e see 4e110-
ee4ecKoe. CaMoe rp03HOe opy>1<He e 6oio - Aywa 4enoee-
Ka, 6oenpHnacb1 K HeMy - AYXOBHasi nHw,a. Ansi Toro 4T0-
6h1 nOHSITb 3TY AYWY, HY>KHO 3HaTb ee KdHCTPYK4HIO nonHo-
C'fblO, HY>KHO 3HaTb Ka>KAYIO AeTaJlb, Ka>KAblM BH.HTHK AllSI
TOf'O, 4T06bl CHa6>t<an. H nMTaTb 3TO opy>KHe - apceHa/lOM
e-ro SlensieTcSI >KMaoe cnoeo. Pa3 Mbt Ha3ea11H AYWY conAaTa
Of>'fH<MeM, Ka>KAOe opy>t<He HY>KHO AeJ1HTb Ha CHCTeMbl H
30
Kam16pb1; ConAaTcKasi Macca pa3HowepcTHa, pa3HOCHCTeM-
Ha H pa3H01<anH6epHa. EcTb AYWH-ray6HU,b1 ... a HM npMcb1na-
K>T nynH AnSI BHHTOBKM, a K Men1<01<anH6epHOH BMHTOBl<e
BApyr npHcb1naeTcsi cHapsiA. Pa3 npOAYKT TBOpYecTBa n1o1ca-
Tensi Mbl Ha3blBaeM AYXOBHOH nHw,ei:f,. TO H HaAO AaeaTb co-
nAaTy Ta1<yt0 KHHry, YT06bl eMy 6bl110 11er1<0 ee YHTaTb, YT0-
6bl oHa Bbl3Bana y Hero CMex, HanoMHMna 6b1 eMy 060 BceM
YenoeeYeCKOM, 0 AOCTOHHCTBe Yenoee1<a. 06 3TOM, l<OHeY-
HO, nHcaTb TPYAHO, HO HY>KHO. "1cxoAsi H3 3THX coo6pa,>t<e-
HMM, si H HanHcan Ta1<oe nHCbMO. Aon>t<eH c1<a3aTb, YTO 60
·npou,eHTOB H pycc1<0H <PPOHTOBOH nHTepaTypbl, l<OTopyt0
Mbl nonyYaeM, TO>Ke 6pa1<, a HaWH nHTepaTOpb1-1<a3aXH, BO
H36e>t<aHHe 6pa1<a, peWHnH COBCeM He nHCaTb. npaeAa, 3TO.
31<0HOMHSI cpeACTB, HO BeAb B AYXOBHOM nHw,e COnAaT-1<a-
3ax HY>KAaeTcsi He MeHbwe, YeM ApyrHe.
noeTopsit0, OYeHb TPYAHO nHCaTb Ha BOeHHYIO TeMy.
no1<a HY>KHO AenaTb 3Cl<H3bl co6blTHH, Ha6poc1<H, HO YT06bl
H3 HHX 6b1no BH,AHO, YTO Yenoee1< nblTaJlCSI HapHCOBaTb.
Cei:fYac HY>KHO nalicaTb Ta1<, YT06b1 nocne BOMHbl HaA 3THM
MaTepHanoM MO>KHO 6b1no 6bl pa6oTaTb HeCKOJlbl<O neT
'H npHAaTb eMy JlHU,O,. HaCTOSIW,HH 0611H1<.
Jlio6asi noTepsi eo3epaTHMa, HO noTepsi Yenoee1<a He-
B03epaTHMa. fnaeHa.R CHJla apMHH H ee OCHOBHaSI u,eH-
HO~Tb - COnAaTbl. no3TOMY rnaBHOe BHMMaHHe AOn>KHO
6b1Tb YAeneHO o6yYeHHIO COJlAaTCl<OMY peMecny. npeHe-
6pe>t<eH11e K COJlAaTy, f( Yenoee1<y He npHBOAHT K xopo-
weMy. BcerAa HY>KHO OTKJlHKHYTbCsi ·Ha HY>KAY conAaTa, H
noc1<onbl<Y nHCaTemt SIBJlSllOTCSI OCHOBHbiMH nocTae1.1.1111<aMH
AYXOBHblX 6oenpHnacoe, HM ecerAa HY>KHO 6b1Tb YYTKHMH
B CBOHX npOH3BeAeHHSIX H C03HaBaTb BCIO nonHOTY OTBeT-
CTBeHHOCTH e 3TOM Bonpoce nepeA HapOAOM. ConAaT no-
rH6 - BCSI u,eHHOCTb noTepsiHa, coxpaHHTb COJlAaTa - BOT
YTO caMoe ea>t<Hoe. KorAa 6yAeM roBopHTb o naH<PHnO-
Be - .si pa30BblO ny MblCnb. Ansi T,oro YT06b1 He noTepsiT&
3TY u,eHHOCTb - conAaTa - HY>KHO o6yYaT& ero H AYXOBHO,
H <PH3HYeCKH, BOCnMTblBaTb B HeM xopowero BOMHa, o6y-
YaTb COJlAaTCKOMY peMecny, YT06bl OH caM He nor1o16an,
a epara YHHYTO>Kan. Ansi no6eA&l Hy>t<eH AYXOBHO 3AOp.o-
e&1i:f, BblCOKOC03HaTen&HblM coeeTCKHM YenoeeK.
npo6neMa BOHHCKOl'O BOCnHTaHHSI - eCTb npo6neMa BO~
cnMTaHHSI OT neneHoK AO WTb11<oeoi:f aTa1<H. PoAHTe11bc1<oe
BOCnHTaHHe - caMaSI rnaeHaSI CTaAMSI AOWl<OJlbHOro eocnH-
TaHHSI. W1<011bHOe eocnHTaHMe, 06w,ecTBeHHO-MonoAe>K1:toe
31
eocn11TaH11e - caMaSI ea>1<HaS1 cTaA11S1 e CTaHoe11eH1111 4e110-
eeKa. 8 o6w,ecreeHHOM eocn11TaH1111 4e11oeeK HY>l<AaeTCSI AO
caMoi1 rpo6oeoi1 AOCKl1. Ow11604HO C411TaTb, 4TO e3poc11oro
He HY>l<HO npOA011>1<aTb eocmHblBaTb. ConAaT -:-" e3poc11b1H
4e11oaeK, HO ero o6w,ecreeHHOe no110>1<eH11e npoH3BOA11T
ero e MllaAw11e paHr11, 11 :nor paHr e apM1111 Tpe6yeT He
MeHee 3a60TJ111BOrO OTHOWeHHSI 11 oneKH, 4eM HaA IOHU,aMH.
CoeepweHHO HeAonycr11Mo, 4ro6b1 Aywa co11Aara nacnacb
Ha nOAHO>l<HOM KOpMy • .si C411Tal0 npecryn11eH!-1eM, KOrAa
Ka3ax11-6oi1u,b1 Ha Q>poHre He no11y4a10T caMoro 3JleMeH-
rapHoro CKYAHoro nai1Ka 113 apceHana poAHOro S13b1Ka,
POAHoi1 1111reparypb1, poAHOH MY3blKl1.
,D,eno BOeHHblX - o6y4aTb np113BaHHOro B apMHIO rpa>1<-
AaH11Ha eoeHHOMY Ae11y, TexH11Ke 11 np11eMaM 60S1, co11Aar-
CKOMY peMec11y, OAHOepeMeHHO npOA011>1<aS1 o6w.ecreeH-
Hoe aocn11TaH11e. 4acTo MaMaw11 nopTSIT 4e11oeeKa ew.e c
ne11eHOK. nonaAaer K HaM TaKOH 11CnOp4eHHblH 4eJ10BeK,
.Hey>1<e1111 SI Mory• ero 11cnpae11rb e re4eH11e ABYX 11eT, eeAb
ero noprn1111 22 ro,o;a? E>eAa ew.e 11 e TOM, 4TO y Hae 4aCTb
M0110Ae>1<11 pa36011TaHHaS1, pacx11S16aHHaS1: cTapw11x He yea-
>1<aeT, rpy611T.
Ka3axcKaS1 noc11oe11u,a rnac11T: YS1Aa He Kepce, yw~aHAa
cOHbl ineAi (KaK Te6S1 eocn11raior, TaK11M 11 Bb1pacrewb); Ec-
1111 pe6eHOK c ne11eHOK c MaMawei1 He 11aA11T, e nS1Tb 11er
cnop11T c oru,oM, He c11ywaercS1, pacTer xy1111raHoM, TO OH
He1-136e>1<HO CTaHOBl1TCSI n110Xl1M rpa>1<AaHl1HOM 11 COllAaTOM.
nepeeocmHaTb TaKOrO 4eJ10BeKa, npMBHTb eMy 6oeBble Ka-
4eCTBa ~ rpyAHa·SI 06S13aHHOCTb He to11bKO KOMaHA11pa. Ma-
110 np11SITHOrO KOMaHA11PY OT TaKoro noAapKa HepaAHBblX
MaMaw1-1 11 nanaw11. Pe6eHOK A011>1<eH c M0110KOM Marep11
en11TaTb ece 611aropOAHb1e Ka4ecTea 4e11oeeKa, rpa>1<AaH11Ha
H TOrAa 113 Hero BblHAeT 11 xopow11i1 B011H. TorAa apM11SI M0-
>1<eT no11y411Tb A06ponopS1A04HOro 4e11oeeKa, xopowero eo-
11Ha, a Tenepb Mbl 11HOrAa My4aeMCSI 11 o4eHb MHoro TepS1eM
epeMeH11, c1111 11 3AOPOBbSI Ha nepeeocn11raH11e.
0011bWaS1 po11b e eocn11TaH1111 Mace np11HaA11e>1<11T xy-
A0>1<H11KaM, n11care11S1M, KOMno311TopaM 11 Apyr11M AeS1re11S1M
11cKyccTea. KorAa SI 6b111 Ha np11eMe y n~peoro ceKperapsi
Ll,K KoMnapT1111 Ka3axcTaHa, Mbl c HHM 4erb1pe 4aca roeo-
p111111 0 eocn11TaH1111, HaU,110Ha11bHOH B011HCKOH Ky·11brype H
0 HeKOTOpblX npo6e11ax B 3TOM OTHOWeHl111, BblSIBJleHHblX
BOHHOH, n110Abl KOTOpblX 11HOrAa npl'1XOA11TCSI no>1<11HaTb,
Hy>KHO eocn11TaTb AO apM1111 xopowero 4e11oeeKa. 3To
04eHb rny60K11i1 eonpoc. BoT no4eMy SI BblHY>l<AeH n11carb
o co11AaTe. C11oeo. «c011AaT» HY>l<HO noH11MaTb He T011bKO
32
e CMb1c11e - Ha eoHHe. Bb1 eeAb He Ha eOHHe, He Ha
cppoHTe, HO To>Ke co11AaTbl TPYAOeoro cppoHTa. Hy>KHO
BJ.1AeTb 4e11oeeKa COJlAaTOM c MailblX 11eT. 51 He J.1Mel0 B
BJ.1AY TOilbKO 4e11oeeKa B cepoH WJ.1HeJlJ.1 c BJ.1HTOBKOH B
pyKax, a noA 3TJ.1M noApa3yMeealO ecex Tex, KTO pa6oTaeT
e pa3HblX 0611acH1x Aesne11bHOCTJ.1. ::ho TO>Ke cppOHT. C11oeo
«COilAaT>> SI nOHJ.1MalO e WJ.1pOKOM CMb1C11e. OT ceMeHHoro
6b1Ta AO aTaKJ.1, e 6010, ee3Ae HY>KHbl 6oHu,oecKJ.1e Ka4eCTea,
ynopcTeo 4e11oeeKa. BoeHHo-6oeeaS1 AeS1Te11bHOCTb 4e11oee-
Ka - eCTb TOilbKO OAHa J.1X pa3HOBJ.1AHOCTeH HaWeH 6opb6b1.
He11erKo cTaTb co11AaTOM, eoeHHblM. Bo-nepeblX, noTo-
My, 4TO COilAaT no c11y>t<6e He J.1MeeT HJ.1KaKJ.1X AeMOKpa-
TH4eCKHX npae, SI roeoplO - Ha c11y>t<6e, a He e H36Hpa-
TeilbHOH CHCTeMe. B cTpOIO HeT ceo6oAbl AeHCTBJ.1H, IlH4HOH
>KH3HH, HeT npaea pacnopS1>KaTbCS1 co6010. Co11AaT 111-1weH
ecero 3TOro - TaKpea He06XOAHMOCTb, TaKOBa COilAaTCKaSI
AOilSI. 311eMeHTbl 'AeMoKpaTH3Ma e apMHH epeAHbl. Bbl
MO>KeTe CKa3aTb _ ' 3TO HenpaBHilbHO. y Hae HeKOTOpble
eoeHHO-nOilJ.1TH4eCKHe pa60THHKH 3TO ocnap1-1ea10T, HO SI
np1-1we11 K BblBOAY. 4TO BO B3aJ.1MOOTHOWeHHSIX KOMaHAHpa
J.1 PSIAOeoro He AOil>KHO 6b1Tb Aa>Ke 311eMeHTOB AeMoKpa-
TH3Ma. EcTb noee11eea10W,HH H ecTb noe1-1Hy10W,HHCS1 - TaKoe
apMeHCKHH npHHU,Hn KOMaHAOBaHHSI H nOA4HHeHHSI, 3TO
Heo6xoAHMOCTb. H1-1KaKoro paeHonpaeHSI Me>KAY nOA4HHeH-
HblMH J.1 KOMaHAHpOM B CTpOIO 6b1Tb He MO>KeT. no BCeH
eepoSITHOCTJ.1, noc11e eoi1Hbl 6yAyT o6cy>KAaTb 3TOT eonpoc,
H.O SI, SIBilSISICb 'y4acTHHKOM ·0Te4eCTBeHHOH BOHHbl, HMeSI
CKpOMHblH OnblT, y6e>KAeH, 4TO npHAeTCSI npHHTH K TaKOMY
BblBOAY· MHHMOe H JlO>KHOe paeHonpaeHe B apMHH 6yAeT.
o6cy>KAaTbCSI noc11e eoi1Hbl - e 3TOM SI y6e>KAeH.
He11erKo 6b1Tb co11AaToM, He11erKo noeHHoeaTbCSI 4Y>KOH
eo11e, HO Tbl AOil>KeH 6ecnpeKOCJlOBHO BblnOJlHSITb npHKa3,
KOMaHAY. Aa>Ke .eCJlH Te6e 3TO J.1 He HpaeHTCSI, Tbl AOil>KeH
MOI14aTb H AeilaTb. no 3TOMY eonpocy B MOHX PYKOnHCSIX
ecTb 6011ee 1-1111-1 MeHee 06AyMaHHb1e cpopMy111-1poeKH. ToT,
KTO B MOeH TOl"'Ke 3peHHSI COMHeeaeTCSI H HHTepecyeTC.SI
3THM eonpocoM; nycTb o6paTHTCSI K pyKonHCH.
He11erKo KOMaHAHPY AHCU,HnilHHHpoeaTb BOHCKO, A0-
6iHbCSI nOBHHOBeHHSI. 51 y>Ke roeopHil 0 611aropOAHblX Tpa ..
AHU,HSIX BOCnHTaHHSI, nOBTOPSITbCSI He 6YAY· "1cXOASI H3 3TOrO
SI Han1-1ca11 nHCbMO npeACeAaTeJllO CHK Ka3aXCTaHa 0 eo.:.
cnHTaHHH MOilOAe>KH, 0 BOHHCKOM eocnHTaHHH HaU,HH H 0
e·oeHHOH KYilbType, o 611aropoAHb1x TpaAHU,HSIX . Hawero.
2 -148
33
HapoAa, cpopMHpytO~HX 6oeebre Ka4eCTBa B A>KHrHTe (TeKCT
AaH B aeTOpCKO~ peAaKU,HH, 6e3 H3MeHeHHH.- npHM.pe,q.)
«Slensurcb y4acTHHKOM, pyKOBOAHTeneM H Ha6nt0AaTe-
neM 6onee 100 6oee, SI nepe>KHn rope4b HeyAa4 H
paAOCTb no6eA, paAOCTb 6oeeoro noABHra ceoero
nH4HO H COnAaT HaWHX.
E~e e cpeepane MecS14e 1942 roAa SI nonb1TancS1
o6o6~HTb pe3ynbTaTbl nH4HblX nepe>KHBaHHH, Ha6nt0-
AeHHH 3a ApyrHMH, AeHCTBHH .OTAenbHOro COnAaTa
H u.enoro 6oeeoro KonneKTHea, no poAaM opy>KHSI, no
BHAaM 6oee H APYrHM ncHxonorH4eCKHM oco6eHHO-
CTSIM B 06~yt0 TeMy «MbrcnH 0 eocnHTaHHH 6oeeblX
Ka4eCTB».
MHe yAanocb 4aCTH4HO H3nO>KHTb ceoH coo6pa-
>KeHHSI Ha 6yMare, HO 3a HeHMeHHeM epeMeHH AO CHX
nop He npeACTaBnSleTCSI B03MO>KHblM 3aKOH4HTb Ha-
0
4aToe, H 3TH MblCnH HeOTCTynHO npecneAytOT MeHs:i,

KaK TOnbKO SI oceo60>KAatOCb Ha HeCKOnbKO MHHYT
OT HenocpeACTBeHH 0H pa60Tbl.
0
SI y6eAHncsi Ha co6cTeeHHOM onbrTe, 4TO e eocnH-

TaHHH 6oeebrx Ka4eCTB 6oi:iu.a KonoccanbHOe 3Ha4eHHe
1o1rpat0T eoeHHOe npownoe HapoAOB H Ha4HOHanbHbre
TpaAHU.HH.
0AHY H3 HeHan1o1caHHblX rnae ceoei:i pyKonHCH e
nnaHe s:i Ha3ean: «onaropoAHbre TpaAHU,HH, eocnHTbl-
eata~He 6oeebre Ka4eCTBa B A>KHrHTe», B 3TOM nH4-
HOM nHCbMe K BaM, KaK co cTapwHM 6paTOM, si xo4y
noAenHTbCSI c BaMM Ha6pocKaMH 3TOH rnaeb1.
1. 8,lJ,ET VI 8,D,En
¥ SIAa He Kepce, vw~aHAa COHbl ineAi - KaK Te6i!

eocnHTatOT, TaKHM H BblpacTeWb).
¥nbll-\ · ecce ynbl >KaK,cbrMeH, ~bl3bll-\ ecce ~bl3bl
>Ka~CblMeH aybrnAac 6onf'blH - Cb1H pacTeT - 6yAb
COCeAOM c xopOWHM CblHOM, A04b pacTeT - 6yAb
COCeAOM c xopoweH A04KOH.
>KaHblM apblMHaH caAaf'a - Jly4we yMepeTb, 4eM
noTepSITb COBeCTb. "
0niMHeH ysiT KVWTi - CoeeCTb .cHnbHee cMepTH.
KosiHA~' ~aMblC - epAi HaMbrc emipeAi ...;..... 3asiu.
YMHpaeT OT CTpaxa, a repoH ....;_ OT CTblAa.
· Xo4y H3nO>KHTb CMbrcn H 3Ha4eHHe 3THX noroeo-
34
poK, B BblBOAaX. CKa3aTb, 4TO BOCm1TaHHOCTb (aAen)
AOJl>KHa 6b1Tb BHeApeHHOH B C03HaH11e 11 CTaTb np.11-
Bbl4KOH (aAer) Ysa>1<eH11e K crapw11M, C03HaH11e AOnra
11 Yecr11, 6e3yKop113HeHHOe co6nt0AeH11e o6w,ecrseH-
Horo nopSIAKa, crporoe co6nt0AeH11e 3aKoHOB socn11-
Tb1sat0T nono>1<11renbHb1e Ka4ecrsa, KOTOpb1e HOCSIT
Ha3saH11e 6naropOACTsa, nt06s11 K PoA11He, HapoAy,
ceMbe, YenoseKy, >K113Hl1. 4enoseK, nony411sw11H xo-
poUJee socn11raH11e, snaAeer OCHOBOH 6oesb1x Ka-
yecrs - npeAaHHOCTbtO, 4ecrHOCTbt0 1 Al1CU,11nn11H11po-
saHHOCTbt0.
2. "1rpa B aCblK, >KIJllK, >1<aCblpb1H6a~. >1<apb1C,
Kypec, aK-cyHeK BOCnl1TblBaeT B IOHOWe CHOpOBKy,
JlOBKOCTb, yaepTI111BOCTb, MeTKOCTb, 6b1crp0Ty, ynop-
CTBO 11 npo411e soeHHb1e (6oesb1e) Ka4eCTBa, Heo6xo-
Al1Mb1e COilAaTy B 6ot0, KaK B03AYX·
OnblT y6eAl1Jl MeHsi, 4TO aAenci3AiK - anci3AiK,
aAenriniK - epniK (HesocmnaHHOCTb - cna6ocrb,
se>1<1111socrb - My>1<ecrso).
3. Ce3 ran~aHFa ~om~a >1<0~ (Kro npaBAY rosop11r,
c Toro 11 cnpoca Her).
6aAiK, TOH, aHTblC - ecTb cocrsi3aH11S1 6brcrporo
Mb1wneH11S1 11 ocTpoyM11S1. H11rAe, KaK s aHTb1cax, He
3acraer YenoseKa spacnnox MHororpaHHasi Heo>1<11AaH-
HOCTb. AHTblC, 6aAl1K, TOH sb1pa6arb1san11 y IOHOWeH
11 AesyweK 11Mnpos113aropcK11e cnoco6Hocr11, nt06osb
K ycTHOH 1111reparype 11 MY3b1Ke, pacw11psin11 11x Kpy-
ro3op, OHl1 np1106peran11 ocTpoyM11e 11 CMeKanKy.
DOH nonoH Heo>1<11AaHHOcTeH. CMeKanKa 11 coo6-
pa311renbHOCTb - nOCTOSIHHble cnyTHl1Kl1 COJlAaTa,
06ecne411sat0r no6eAy s ycnos11six, Ka>1<yw,11xcsi 11Hor-
Aa 6e3HaAe>1<HbrM11, s 6e3BblXOAHOM nono>1<eH1111.
oineK - 6ipAi, a~bln, aHna - MblH,Abl >KeH,eAi (c11-
na no6eAl1T OAHOro, a yM, JlOBKOCTb - TblCSl411).
4. KeKnap, 6aHre, ayAapb1cna~ - TpaA11u.110HHble
Hau,110HanbHb1e cnopr11BHb1e 11rpb1, Bblpa6arb1sat0w,11e
CMeJlOCTb, JlOBKOCTb, cp113114ecKyt0 3aKanKy, a3apr,
cnoco6HocTb K p11cKy c pacYeT.OM, Aa>Ke cnoco6HocTb
K caMono>1<eprsosaH11t0 paAl1 4eCTl1 11 cnasb1 csoeH.
B 6naropOACTBe 3n1x 11rp He MO>Ker 6b1Tb H11KaK11x
COMHeHl1H. 3r11 11rpb1 BOCnl1TblBalOT 6naropOAHeHw11e
pb11..1,apcK11e KaYecTsa s A>K11r11re, cTonb Heo6XOAl1Mble
AilSI conAaTa KpacHoH ApM1111.
Bor KparK11H nepe4eHb 3TOH HeHan11caHHOH rnas~.
35
Haw1-1 «WO~blHfaHAap» npeHe6peran1-1 3TMMM 6na-
ropoAHblMM TpaAML\MSIMM B eoenMTaHMM 6oeBblX Ka-
4eeTB, KaK «OT>t<MBWMMM», OHM Aa>t<e npeeneAOBanMeb
AO eMX nop ntOAbMM HeroeyAapeTBeHHOrO yMa, eM-
AeBWMMM 3a npeAeeAaTenbeKMMM eTOnaMM, B o6w,eM
noToKe «6yHTapeTea» npoTMB npownoro.
3TO 6b1no, 6e3yenOBHO, HeyMHO. 3Aeeb 6yAeT
KeTaTM ynOMSIHYTb CTapyt0 1<a3aXeKyt0 noroeopKy
«Wana MOnAa AiH 6y3ap» (HeyYeHblH Mynna eepy
nopTMT}.
BeneAeTeMe TaKOH onnowHoeTM e eoenMTaHMM He-
KOTopasi 4aeTb MOJlOAe>t<M paeTeT Hey3HaeaeMO pa3-
BSl3HOH, nerKOMbleneHHOH, x1-1noi1, MeWKOBaTOH, nona-
AatOTeSI Aa>t<e TpyeMWKM, ManOAYWHble, WKYPHMKM.
HeKOTOpb1e He yMetOT e3AMTb eepxoM, 6osiTesi
JlOWaAM - npoeTO eTblAHO Ha3blBaTb TaKMX Ka3axaMM;
11eneYyT 1<aKyt0-TO epyHAY no-Ka3aXeKM, noxo>t<yt0 Ha
KaKytO-TO Tapa6apW,MH}'.
51 TOnbKO nepe41-1ensit0 Ka>t<yw,1-1eesi MHe HeAOCTaT-
.KM B eoenMTaHMM MOllOAe>t<M, y6e>t<AeHHO npeKnOHSISleb
AO eb1poi1 3eMnM nepeA no11o>t<MTenbHOH eTopOHOH
eoenMTaTenbHOH pa6oTbl 6naropOAHblX Ka4eeTe A>t<M-
r1-1Ta eMeTeMOH eoenMTaHMSI Hawero epeMeHM.
Bee xopowee e npownoM · Ka3axeKoro HapoAa AO-
n>t<HO eoeTOp>t<eCTeoeaTb B HaeTOSIW,ee epeMSI. "1 30-
noTaSI Ka3Ha HapoAHOH MYAPOeTM AOn>t<Ha eTaTb Ha-
WMM AOeTOSIHMeM, o6oraTMTb HaWM 3HaHMSI M OnblT,
oKa3aTb yenyry AenaM HaWMM.
noABMrM enaeHblX Ka3aXeKMX A>t<MrMTOB EAMre,
Ko611aHAbl, oeKeTa, Haypy36asi, "1eaTaSI, MaxaM6eTa,
AMaHrenbAbl, AnnaMb1ea 1-1 Apyr1-1x AOn>t<Hbl CTaTb
TpaAML\MeH eoepeMeHHblX A>t<MrMTOB - ax, KaK >t<anb,
4TO MOJlOAe>tt<6b1 M eoeeeTb eoenMTaTensi A>t<MrMTOB-
eonAaT 06S13b1eat0T MeHSI o6paTMTbCSI K BaM c 3TMM
nM4HblM nMebMOM, TaK KaK, no MOeMy nM4HOMY MHe-
HMIO,- B03pO>t<AeHMe 6naropOAHblX TpaAML\MH Hawero
HapOAa, 06oraw,at0W,MX BKllaAOM CBOMM eMCTeMy eo-
cnMTaHMSI MOnOAe>t<M, HeMblenMMO 6e3 BMeWaTeJlbeTea
TaKMX rocyAapCTeeHHblX My>t<ei1, KaK Bbl.
"13BMHMTe, 4TO OTHSln y Bae eTOnbKO epeMeHM 3TMM
nMebMOM».
BOCDMTAHME'
MY>KECTBA
BoHHa He SIBnSl.eTCSI HOBOCTblO AnSI 4enoee4eCTBa, H
KOrAa SI 6yAy roeopHTb 0 6oeeblX AeHCTBHSIX, 0 6oe, TO
AOn>KeH npeAynpeAHTb, 4TO SI He co6Hpal0Cb OTKpblBaTb
AMepHKy, xo4y nHWb no-ceoeMy o6o6W.HTb H nepeAaTb
eaM BHAeHHOe H nepe>KHTOe.
4To TaKOH 6oH? Mb1, caMH eoeHHb1e, AaeM pa3Hble
onpeAeneHHSI nOHSITHIO «60H», Aa>Ke e ycTaee KpacH~H
ApMHH HMeeTCSI wecTb onpeAeneHl'.IH ero, TaK KaK ·co
epeMeHeM ece MeHJ1eTCS1. SI ece >Ke 6yAy H3naraTb Cf!P'°
T04KY 3peHHJI, HO npeAynpe>1<Aa10, 4TO OHa He SIBnSleTCSI
OKOH4aTenbHOH. DOH - :no eCTb opraHH30BaHHOe eo3AeH-
CTBHe Ha npOTHBHHKa. (BeAb B03AeHCTBOBaTb Ha 4en6e~Ka,
Ha rpynny nlOAeH MO>KHO no-pa3HOMy: YMOM, nc1-1xl-ikoH,
CHnOIO TeXHHKH H opy>KHSI.) ;
"1TaK, 6oH - opraHH30BaHHOe B03AeHCTBHe Ha npoTHB-
HHKa (yMOM, OrHeM, ncHXHKOH), npH4eM orHeeoe B03AeH-
CTBHe BblCTynaeT KaK npOAYKT B03AeHCTBHSI YMOM H KaK
cpeACTBO ncHxonorH4eCKOro H cp1-13H4eCKoro B03AeHCTBHSI.
CoepeMeHHblH 6oi1 KaK TaKTH4ecKoe noHJITHe, KOrAa·
o6e CTOpOHbl HaCblW.eHbl TeXHHKOH - eCTb OrHeeoe COCTSl-
3aHHe · CTopoH. OpraHH30BaHHOe np1-1MeHeH1-1e orHeBblX
cpeACTB, OCHOBaHHOe Ha npHHU,Hnax ycTaBHblX Tpe6oeaHHH
(o6o6w.eHHOro OnblTa) npHHSITO Ha3blBaTb CHCTeMOH orHSI.
Ha Heif 3H>KAeTCSI CTOHKOCTb 6oeeoro nopS1AKa BOHHbl, H6o
pewat0w.ee e coepeMeHHOM 6oio H e o6opoHe, H e Ha-
cTynneHHH - OrOHb B C04eTaHHH C MaHeBpOM BOHCK. no-
6eAHT TOT, KTO OKa>KeT 6onbwee orHeeoe B03AeHCTBHe Ha
>KHBYIO CHny H TeXHHKY npOTHBHHKa, KTO cyMeeT B3SITb
HHHU,HaTHey, C03AaTb r1-161<oe orneeoe ynpaenJ!eMoe npe-
HMyw.ecTeo, cocpeAOT04HTb eeep Tpae1<Top1-1i1 e HY>KHOM
HanpaeneHHH e HY>KHblH MOMeHT.
38
C11eAOBaTe11bHO, ynpaem1Tb 6oeM - 3Ha4HT ynpae11S1Tb
orHeM, C03AaTb Macey orHSI HaA ro11oeoJ;1 npontBHHKa,
npH>t<aTb ero K 3eM11e, KO AHY ero OKOnoe, TpaHWeH,
oc11en11S1Tb H nopa>t<aTb aM6pa3ypb1, TeM caMblM, 6ecno-
w.aAHO HCTpe611S1S1 epa>t<eCKHe Cl-tllbl, 6epe4b CBOIO co6-
CTBeHHYIO c1-111y.
nexOTy 6epe4b TOllbKO OrHeM H OrHeM, .04HW,aSI H
npoK11aAbreaS1 eJ;i nyTb. OrHeM, orHeM H orHeM - TOllbKO
Heee>t<Aa B eoeHHOH cpopMe MO>KeT CTpeMHTbCSI rpyAblO
neXOTbl npo6HTb OrHeBOH W,HT - no11ocy CMepTH nepeA
nepeAHHM KpaeM o6opOHbl npOTHBHHKa. {TaKHX ypa-HAHO-
TOB, K rny6oKOMY CO>t<a11eHHIO, HeMa110.)
To11bKO e 6ot0 HCnblTbreat0TCS1 ece Ka4ecTea 4e11oeeKa.
Ec111-1 e Mi.tpHoe epeMsi OTAellbHbre 4epTbl 4e11oeeKa He
npOSIBllSllOTCSl 1 TO B 6ot0 OHH pacKpblBatOTCSI. nci.tXOllOrHSI
6osi MHOrorpaHHa: HeT HH4ero He3aAeeaeMoro BOHHOH e
4e11oee4eCKHX Ka4eCTeax, B 11H4HOH "' o6w,ecTeeHHOH >KH3-
HH. B 6ot0 He CKpblTb yxoAS1W.Yt0 e nsiTKi.t Aywy. 6oJ;1
cpb1eaeT Mac Ky, HanycKHYtO xpa6pocTb. Cba11bWb He Aep-
'>t<HTCSI noA orHeM. MymecTeo i.tlli.t coeceM noKHAaeT 4e110-
~~Ka HllH npOSIBllSleTCSI BO eceJ;i nOllHOTe TOllbKO B 6ot0.
· · MHori.te H3 eac 4HTa11i.t MOIO nepeyio noeecTb «Bo110-
.t6:naMcKoe wocce». KorAa SI 6b111 e MocKee, TO 6eceAoea11
c n.HCaTellSIMH "' >+<ypHallHCTaMH - 3TH WTaTCKHe lllOAH B
eo~HHOH cpopMe HMetOT 04eHb c11a6oe npeAcTae11eHi.te o
BO~He. MHe CKa3alli.t, 4TO B nepeoH noeeCTH y MeHSI COllAaT
i.tAeT e 6oH He. yM1-1paTb, a >i<HTb. KaK me, cnpawi.teat0T, :no
Mp.>t<eT 6b1Tb: KpyroM 11eTS1T Tb1CSl4H ny11b, CHapSIAbl, OCKOll-
KH, pa3ee MO>t<HO 3AeCb OCTaTbCSI >t<i.tebrM? A si yTeep>+<Aat0,
4TO HaAO J.tMeHHO TaK nOSICHHTb COllAaTy, HO nOSICHeHJ.te 3TO
o6ocHOBaTb KaK ClleAyeT. y MHOrHX C03AaeTCSI eneYaT11e-
HHe, 4TO rpoMaAHOe HaCblW,eHHe TeXHHKOH H cpeACTBaMJ.t
HCTpe611eHHSI - 3TO H eCTb TaK Ha3breaeMaSI MSlcopy6Ka,
pa3 nona11 TyAa, TaK yme He eb16epewbcS1.
~ C4HTatO, H Han1-1ca11 06 3TOM, 4TO BOHHa He SIBllSleTCSI
MSICOpy6KoH, TaK KaK cpeACTBa HCTpe611eHHSI CTOpOH OAH-
HaKOBbl. 06'beM HCTpe6m1eMOCTH "' cnoco6HOCTb HCTpe6-
11SITb 3aBHCHT OT HCKYCCTea COllAaT "' ocpi.tu,epoe. ,lJ,11S1
yMetOW,HX eoeeaTb BOHHa B HeKOTOpOH CTeneHH 11i.twaeTCSI
noro11oeHo YHH4TO>t<aiow,ero xapaKTepa.
OcHoea i.tcKycCTea 6osi, KaK yme roeopi.t11ocb,- orneeoe
B03AeikTBHe Ha npOTHBHJ.tKa, HCTpe611eHHe ero >KHBOH CH-
llbl, coxpaHeHi.te co6cTeeHHOH >+<i.tBOH ci.t11b1. B 3TOM 3aK11t0-
4aeTc SI cyu.r,HOCTb HCKYCCTBa BeAeHH SI 60S1.
39
"1AeJ1 60J1 - 3TO Bb111rparb ero 6e3 norepb, 11cKyc-
creo - eb111rparb 6oH c Ha11MeHbW11M11 norepJ1M11. roeopJ1T,
4TO e 6oio MHoro cny4aHHocreH. B 6oto Her cny4aHHOCTeH,
eCTb HeO>K11AaHHOCTl1 AnJ! npOTl1BHHKOB. no6eAa 11n11 no-
pa>KeH11e eno11He np11411HHb1 11 3aKOHOMepHbl. C11y4aHHO-
CTbto np11Kpb1eaercJ1 ecJ1KaJ1 pacx11 si6aHHOCTb oqrnu.epa 11
COilAaTa, n03TOMY cny4aHHOCTb He MO>KeT 6b1Tb onpaeAa-
Hl1eM HeAo6pocoeecTHOH 11 He06AyMaHHOH c11y>Ke6HOH Ae-
SITenbHOCTl1 oq>11u.epoe 11 co11AaT. Ho, npeACTaBbTe ce6e, ::1r11
onpaeAaHl1JI rny60KO Cl1ASIT B C03HaHl111 MHOrl1X. no4eMy
SI TaK n11wy? /J.a nOTOMy, 4TO MHOrHe 11w,yr onpaeAaHl1JI
co6creeHHOH HepaA11eocr11 e cny4aHHOCTl1. Her, BOHHa He
SIBilJ!eTCJI onpaeAaHl1eM HeA06pocoeecTHblX AeHCTBl1H oq>11-
u.epoe 11 co11AaT. KoHe4HO, 3TO KacaercJ1 11 He eoeHHblX.
np11BeAy TaKOH np11Mep: jl KOrAa-ro, AO BOHHbl, exan c
/J.anbHero BocroKa. 06c11y>K11ea10w,11H nepc0Ha11 Me>KAYHa-
POAHOro earoHa 6b111 npeAynpeA11TeneH 11 ee>Kn11e, a KOrAa
HeKOTOpoe epeMSI cnyCTSI np11WI10Cb exaTb, TaK CilblWan
3a4acryio rpy6ocrb. Ho eeAb earoH TOT >Ke, 11 . 4eTb1pe
1<oneca ocran11cb re >Ke. Bor 11 cnoeoM «BOHHa» MHOr11e
crapato.TCJI onpaBAaTb CBOIO pacx11si6aHHOCTb. /J.a>Ke B 60!0
cpeA11 COnAaT 11 oq>11u.epoe np11XOA11TCSI CilblWaTb, 4TO
«BOHHa en11J1eT Ha BCe». npae11nbH0 1 HO 3TO He 3Ha411T, 4TO
AOn>KHa u,ap11Tb aHapX11JI B a6COillOTHOM CMblCne. roeOpJ!T:
<<BeAb Mbl He Ha napaA 11AeM, a Ha BOHHy». Kcrar11, 4TO
Ta.Koe napaA? 3ro - cMorp c1111. KaKasi pa3H114a Me>KAY
napaAOM 11 BOHHOH? Hacrosiw,11H napaA, Hacrosiw,11H CMorp
6.oeeb1x c11n, caMoe ececropoHHee, caMoe >KecroKoe 11cnb1-
TaH11e AnSI Hl1X - eoHHa. Bor Ha 3TOM Hacrosiw,eM napaAe,
rAe pewaercsi CYAb6a Ka>KAOro, CYAb6a HapOAOB, CYAb6a
crpaHb1 1 6onee ecero,. 4eM KOrAa-111-160 1 HY>KHO 6b1Tb crpo-
r:11M, nOATSIHYTblM, AOCTOHHblM. "1 Hl1KaKOH pacxnJ16aHHOCTl1!
DOH He. crpaweH, raK KaK 4enoeeK eotoerc 4e11oeeKOM.
EcnH 6b1 4enoeeK eoeea11 c KaKl1M-TO ceepxbecrecreeHHblM
cyw,eCTBOM HI111 3eepeM - 3TO Apyroe Ae110, HO KOrAa
4enoeeK BOIOeT c 4enoeeKOM, OHl1 11MelOT OAHHaKOBble
cpeACTBa B03AeHCTBl1SI, 6oH B a6conlOTHOM CMblCile 3TOro
cnoea He crpaweH.
~ He co611pa10cb cnop11Tb c epO>KAeHHblM11 TpycaMl-f,
1160, KTO 6oHTCJI, y Toro ABOl1TCJI.
B 6oto HaXOAJIT. ceoe npeAenbHOe Bb1pa>KeH11e 11 npo-
siene.H11e ece np11cyw,11e 4enoeeKy Ka4ecrea •. 3r11 4yecrea
MO>KHO pa3AeI111Tb Ha ABe rpynnb1: B.blCW11e 4YBCTBa -
Aonr, 6naropoACTeo,. My>Kecreo, ore.ara, xpa6pocrb, repo-
40
"13M; H"13W"1e 4YBCTBa: "13MeHa, H"130CTb, 60Sl3Hb, CTpax,
y>Kac.
Pa3yM, MHCTMHKT, MHTy1-1u.1-1si S1B11S1t0TCS1 KaK 6b1 KOMaH,q-
HblMM MHCTaHU.MSIMM B 4e110BeKe. Ha HeKOTOpb1x Bonpucax
co3HaHMSI 1-1 4YBCTBa 4e110BeKa B 6ot0 B nocne,qHee BpeMsi
3aocTp1-111ocb BHMMaHHe. Paccy>1<,qeHHS1 06 3THX Bonpocax
HAYT KaK B OKonax, 611HH,qa>1<ax, TaK H B AOMaX 3a CTaKaHOM
4aSI, B pe,qaKU.HSIX, B n1-1caTe11bCKHX Ka61-1HeTax. 51 X04Y
"13110>KHTb HeKOTOpble nOHSITHSI nc1-1xo11orH4eCKOro nopsi,qKa.
,lJ,yMalO, 4TO OHH npHrO,[\SITCSI HaM B ,qanbHeHWeM.
Onb1T BenHKOH 0Te4ecTBeHHOH BOHHbl e~e pa3 y6e,q1-111
Hae, 4TO no6e,qa o,qep>KHBaeTcsi c1-111ot0 ,qyxa, ycnex 3aBHCHT
OT MOpa11bHO-HpaBCTBeHHblX c1-111 BOHCK. MaTep1-1a11bHb1e
cpe,qCTBa H COBpeMeHHaSI TeXHHKa SIB11SllOTCSI MaTepHallbHOH
6a30H 11 cpe,qCTBaMH 6opb6b1. OcHOBa OCHOB - 3TO >KHBOH
1-1 co3HaTenbHblH 4e110BeK.
Mopa11bHO-HpaBCTBeHHb1e Ka4eCTBa 4e110BeKa onpe,qe11si-
t0TCS1 c110BaMH - ,qyxoBHasi c1111a. OcHOBHblMH HCTOYHHKaMH
.... ,(\BHraTellSIMH AYXOBHblX CH11 SIB11SllOTCSI: yM, 4YBCTBO, B011SI.
HanpaBneHHasi H u.e11eycTpeM11eHHaS1 pa6oTa Ha,q 3THMH
TpeMSI 311eMeHTaMH 4e110BeYeCKHX KaYeCTB SIB11SleTCSI npe,q-
MeTOM BOCnHTaHHSI.
4To TaKOe CTpax? 3TO BOnpoc AO HeKOTOpOH CTeneHH
npo6neMHblH. MHOrHe BOeHHble, .TO eCTb WTaTCKHe B BQ-
eHHOH cpopMe (K HHM SI OTHOWY KOppecnoH,qeHTOB, cny-
4aHHblX WTa6HblX ocp11u.epoB), OTp1-1u.at0T CTpax KaK TaKOBOH,
OHH ,qa>1<e B03My~at0Tcsi: «KaK TaK? Hawa KpacHasi ApMH:st
6eccTpawHa! l<aK B HaWeH apMHH MO>KeT cy~eCTBOBaTb
CTpax! Hawa apMHSI Heno6e,q1-1Ma!» "1 BOT ,qa>1<e 3,qecb, B
Tbmy, Mbl He 0T,qe11a111-1cb OT 3TOH 6011e3HH. H11 o,qHH
«6enbceH,(\bl» He XOYeT nOHSITb, 4TO CTpax KaK SIBlleHHe
cy~ecTByeT Be3,qe, BO Bcex apMHSIX (T. e •. KaK YYBCTBO,
np11cy~ee >KHBblM, · c ,qywoH, cep,qu.eM, 1110,qsiM). A Ha3BaH-
Hble MHOH 11t0,q11 B03My~at0TCS1, Ha3blBatOT 3TO TpycocTbtO,
npMnHCblBalOT HaM n011HTH4eCKYIO He,qa11eKOCTb H npo4ee.
3TOT Bonp.oc Bbl3blBaeT 04eHb MHOro cnopoB 11 cpe.1:111
HaWHX BOeHHblX, H HeKOTOpble nblTalOTCSI ce6si o6MaHyTb
1-1 roBopsiT, 4TO CTpaxa HeT.
51 X04Y BblCKa3aTb CBOIO T04KY 3peHHSI no 3TOMY BO-
npocy. 4to TaKoe cTpax? 6ecCTpaw11e Kai< TaKoBoe Boo6~e
e np11po,qe He cyw,ecTByeT. 6eccTpaWHblX itt0,qeH HeT Ha
cBete. CTpax np1o1cy~ BCeMy >KHBOMY H ee3,qecy~. CBOH-
CTBeH He TOllbKO 4e110BeKy, >KHBOTHOMy, HO ,qa>Ke H pac-
41
ieHHIO. no KpaMHeH Mepe, 3a ABa C nOJlOBHHOH fOAa, · 3a CTO
c JlHWHHM 6oee, SI ew,e HH OAHOro 6eccTpawHoro l!enoeeKa
He BCTpellaJl. HHKTO, C03HaeaSI onacHOCTb CMepTH, He HAeT
B 6oi:1 6e3 CTpaxa, a ecnH HHOrAa H HAeT, 3Hal!HT, He
c03HaeT onacHOCTH, HO :no He ecTb 6eccTpaw11e. CTpax
HCnblTblBaeT Ka>KAblH H MHO>KeCTBO pa3 B .>KH3HH.
Ecn11 eaM np11HecyT cei:1L1ac noeecTKY H3 eoeHKOMaTa
SIBHTbCSI TyAa, npHcnywai:1TeCb K CBOeMy cepAU,y, c MOMeHTa
epylleHHSI noeecTKH Bbl nollyecTeyeTe cTpax. 51 yTeep>1<Aat0:
CTpax BOeHHOH cny>1<6b1, Hal!HHaSI c noeecrKH, CTpax BOeH-
Horo noxoAa, CTpax nepeA 6oeM, cTpax e 6ot0 3aKaHL1H-
eaeT01 CTpaxoM B aTaKe. Ho KaK Mbl 6yAeM OTpHU,aTb TO,
l!TO np11cyw,e llenoeeKy H enonHe HOpMaJlbHO? Hao6opoT,
H3yllaSI :no LIYBCTBO, Mbl AOJl>KHbl eMy npOTHBOnOCTaBHTb
Apyroe, HO He HY>KHO roeopHTb - CTpaxa HeT. 6eccTpawHe
H TpycOCTb - eCTb . pe3yJlbTaT 6opb6bl CTpaxa c AOJlfOM.
EcTb cTpax, HO OH npeoAoneeaeTcsi. EcTb noHSITHe 60S13HH,
ecTb Manoe H 6onbwoe LIYBCTBO CTpaxa. CTpax npeoAone-
eaeTc si npHHY>KAeHHeM eoo6w,e. KaKHM npHHY>KAeHHeM?
npe>KAe ecero, BHyTpeHHHM, TeM, l!TO Mbl Ha3blBaeM ncH-
XOJlOfHeH JlHLIHOCTH. MHorHe JlHTepaTOpb1, KOrAa onHcb1ea-
t0T repOHCKHe nOABHrH, He onHCblBalOT BHyTpeHHIOIO 6opb-
6y. Hy>KHO pacKpblTb - e pe3ynbTaTe KaKoi:1 6opb6b1 H
KaKHX nCHXOJlOfHlleCKHX nepe>KHBaHHH npHwen BOHH K no-
30py 11n11 K cnaee. BoT TOrAa o6pa3 conAaTa "' ocpHu,epa
6yAeT 6onee >KHBblM, 6onee sipKHM. CTpax npeOAOJlHM,
H npeOAOJleeaeTCSI OH, eo-nepBblX, BHyTpeHH"1M np"1HY>KAe-
H"1eM, 80-BTOpblX, np"1HY>KAeH"1eM BHeWH"1M, TO eCTb, 06-
w,ecTBeHHblM B03AeHCTB"1eM.
HaAe>KAa Ha >K"13Hb corpeeaeT cepAu,e; Ka>+<AblH con-
AaT - l!enoeeK "1, KaK BCSIK"1H llenoeeK, XOlleT >K"1Tb. >Ke-
naH1-1e >KHTb "1 Bb1pa6aTblBaeT "1HCT"1HKT caMocoxpaHeH"1SI,
COJlAaT 3aw,1-1w,aeTCSI "1 HanaAaeT. ,ll,eno B TOM, l!TO "1HCT"1HKT
c~MocoxpaHeHHSI 1-1MeeT ABe CTOpOHbl: nepeaS1 - L1enoeeK
6e>KHT c u,enbt0 caMocoxpaHeH1-1si, eTopasi - llenoeeK c 3TOH
>Ke u,enblO HanaAaeT H 3aw,1-1w,aeTCSI. 51 Cll"1Tal0, l!TO 3TY
BTOpyt0 CTOpOHY B 4enoeeKe HaAO pa3B"1BaTb, TaK KaK OHa
TOnKaeT Ha 3aw,1-1Ty, Ha HanaAeH1-1e. "1HCT"1HKT caMocoxpa-
HeHHSI 3acTaensieT y611eaTb Apyroro, a 3TO ropa3AO TPYA-
Hee, YeM yM1-1paTb caMoMy. CpeA~"1 rpa>KAaHCK"1X nt0AeM
HaMAeTCSI Jl"1 TaKOH, KOTOpblH CMOr 6bl KOrO-H"16YAb y61-1Tb?
Y Hero 6YAYT APO>KaTb pyK1-1 1-1. eoo6w,e OH He CMO>KeT 3TO
CAenaTb, a conAaT :no CAenaeT. OH c u,enbtO 3aw,1-1Tbl 1-1
coxpaHeH"1SI OAHOH .>K"13HH YH"1llTO>KaeT Apyryt0. no4eMy OH
42
:no AenaeT? KTo Aan eMy TaKoe npaBo? 4eM onpaBAblBa-
eTcsi :no y61-1HCTBO Ha BOHHe? no4eMy Ha none 6osi :no
noAB"1r, a B Tb1ny npecTynneH1-1e? Aeno B TOM, 4TO Ha BOHHe
4enoBeK YH"14TO>t<aeT Toro, KTO xo4eT YH"14TO>K"1Tb ero!
HaMepeH1-1e npOT"1BH"1Ka y61-1Tb AaeT npaBo caMoMy y61-1-
eaTb! 3TO y61-1HCTBO MOpanbHO onpaBAaeTCSI BblnOnHeH11eM
BOl1HCKoro AOnra Ha none 6osi.
no4eMy SI TaK nOAp06HO OCTaHOB"1nCSI Ha 3TOM BOnpoce?
.st He X04Y Bae Y411Tb, HO BOKpyr Hero B03Hl1KatOT HeAOpa-
3yMeH11S1: y Hae eCTb BCSIK"1e ntOA11 11 o6bl4HO HeKOTOpble 113
Hl1X roBopsiT, 4TO "1HCTl1HKT caMocoxpaHeH11S1 HY>KHO noAaB-
nsiTb, OTPl1l..\atOT CTpax, XOTSIT B"1AeTb TOnbKO OTBary. (>t<e-
naH"1e BnOnHe HOpManbHOe 1-1 1 6e3ycnoBHO, 6naropOAHO.e,
HO AaneKo He peanbHOe.)
CTpax "1MeeT 411Hbl. EcTb CTpax psiAOBOH, YHTep-0¢11-
l..\ep, ocp11l..\ep - snnoTb AO reHepana 11 Bbrwe. HeKOTopbre
6oeBble onepal..\"111 p·ewan He reHepan, a CTpax: An"1TenbHOe
6ecnopsiA04HOe OTCTynneH11e BOHCK - 3TO Bee Aeno pyK
reHepana-cTpaxa.
0A11H conpoT11BnSllOl..IJ,"1HCSI COnAaT - eCTb cepbe3HaSI 11
HenpeoAon11MaS1 nperpaAa Ansi AecsiT11 HacTynat0w.11x - B
3TOM y6e>t<AaeT Hae onblT 6oeB. KorAa roBopsiT, 4TO Ka-
KOH-TO reHepan 6e>t<an, 3TO He OH 6e>t<an, a CTpax rHan ero
BOHCKa. noBTOpS1t0: BOHHOH 11 6oeBblMl1 AeHCTBl1SIMl1 yn-
paBnSllOT ABa reHepana: BOHCKOBOH reHepan 11 reHepan-
CTpax.
BTopoH - Be3Aecyw,11H, ceKpeTHblH, reHepan-HeB"1A11M-
Ka. Ero AeHCTBl1SI MOnH11eHOCHbl. nepBblH nOCTOSIHHO BeAeT
Henp11M11p1-1Myt0 6opb6y 11 3aBS13b1saeT KpenKyt0 APY>t<6y co
BTOpblM c T04K"1 3peH11si BblrOAbl Ansi ce6si (np11 YA06HOM
cny4ae HaroHsieT cTpax Ha Henp1-1siTensi 1-1 TeM caMblM
nonb3yeTcsi ero ycnyroH).
feHepan-cTpax - reHepan CT11x111-1. OH 6011TcS1 cMenoro
COnAaTa, a Tpycn11BOrO Mapwana 3a BOpOT 6epeT. "'1CT0p"1S!
Haw11x AHeH 3HaeT HeMano cpaKTOB, KOrAa reHepany-CTpaxy
HeOAHOKpaTHO YAaBanocb pa3pew1-1Tb onepal..\"1"1 Aa>Ke
KpynHoro cTpaTer1-14ecKoro MacwTa6a.
"'1TaK, noBTOptO ew.e pa3 - CTpax "1CnblTblBaeT Ka>K,D;blH "1
MHO>KeCTBO pa3: CTpax Ka3apMeHHOH >K113Hl1, CTpax eoeHHO-
ro noxoAa, CTpax nepe,v; 6oeM 11 cTpax BO BpeMsi 6osi, 11 TaK
Aanee. YMeCTHa 3AeCb 6yAeT Ka3axcKasi HapOAHasi noroBop•
Ka - «epAi HaMblC, ~OS!HAbl ~aMblC enTipeAi» - «A>K"1r"1Ta
y61-1BaeT ropAOCTb, 3aHl.,\a - CTpa·x». 3Ta noroBopKa - BO-
43
eHHble Mb1c111-1 Hawero HapoAa. MHorHe C4HTalOT Hae, Ka3a:-
xos, nacTywecKHM nlleMeHeM, H Aa>Ke .KOfAa Mbl CTOHM B
B.OeHHOH cpopMe, Ha Hae CMOTpl'IT, KaK Ha. 3K30TH4eCKYIO
cp1-1rypy. HaAO CMOTpeTb Ha Hae KaK Ha HapoA, Ha lllOAeH.
Ec11H Mbl nopoeMCl'l B CBOeH naMl'ITH, OKa3blBaeTc.si, y Hae
eCTb MHOro BOeHHblX TBOpeHHH. 3Ty norosopKy MO>KHO ne-
peseCTH Ha pyccKHH l'l3blK TaK: «My>1<y 4eCTb AOpo>1<e >KH3-
HH», «DllaropOAHOMY 4e11oseKy 4eCTb AOpo>Ke >KH3HH».
«911iMHeH ¥l'IT KYWTi» -« 6ec4eCTbe - no3op, OHO cTpawHee
cMepTH». «9Mip ywiH e11reHwe COf"blC». «>KaHblM apblMHblH,
CaAaf"aCbl».- «3a >KH3Hb AepHCb AO CMepTH». 4yBCTBO 611a-
ropOACTBa, 4YBCTBO COBeCTH, 4YBCTBO ropAOCTH - see 611a-
ropOAHble 4epTbl 4e11oseKa noMoraioT HaM, 6oi1u,aM, npe-
OAOnesaTb cTpax BHYTPH ce6si, a noTOM H so BHe .... ·
Bo3spaTHMCl'l K BblBOAYr 4TO C:Tpax np11cyw, sceMy >1<11-
soMy, 6eccTpaw1-1e po>1<AaeTc.s1 s pe3y11bTaTe 6opb6b1 co
cTpaxoM 4yscTsa AOllra. A 4TO TaKoe 4YBCTBO A011ra? 3To
4YBCTBO 611aropOACTBa, 4eCTH, COBeCTH - 3TO 3Ha4HT, 4TO
4e11oseK orpa>KAaeT ce6.si OT scero HH3Koro, TO ecTb 11y4we
c 4eCTblO norH6HeT, 4eM npHMeT no3op. 6ec4eCTbe -
CTpawHee cMepTH. BoT Ha 3TOM nocTaBHM T04Ky.
4TO TaKoe repOH3M? ::ho He . BpO>KAeHHOe Ka4eCTBO
4e11oseKa, a pe3yllbTaT npaBHllbHOrO BOHHCKOrO BOCnHTa-
HHl'l. ToT, KTO BHAHT OTBary. H repOH3M B Kylla4HOM 6oio, TOT
ow116aeTcl'l.
repOH3M - He Aap np11pOAb1 1 a pe3yllbTaT BOH~CKOrO
BOCnHTaHHl'l, C03HaTellbHOrO npHHY>KAeHHSI ce6si HATH Ha
onacHOCTb AllSI sb1no11HeHH.!I A011ra, orpa>1<AaS1 ce6si, npe>1<Ae
scero, co6CTBeHHYIO 4eCTb H 611aropOAHoe AOCTOHHCTBO
rpa>KAaHHHa OT 4YBCTBa CTblAa; HH30CTH H no3opa, copeB-
HYSICb c nOA06HblMH ce6e a 611aropOACTae, paaeHcTse,
pa3AellHTb He TOllbKO 611aro >KH3HH u,enoro KOlllleKJHBa, HO
H onaCHOCTb, CTpeM11eH11e o6e3onaCHTb ce6.si H COOTe4e-
CTBeH11HKOB nyTeM HaH6011bwero HCTpe611eHHSI spara, 6ec-
now.aAHOrO MW,eHH.!I 3a 3110 3llOM, 3,a CMepTb cM,epTblO,
3a KpOBb KpOBblO.
CMe11ocTb - ecTb co4eTam1e pac4eTa. Aei1cTBHSI c pH-
CKOM. PHCK onpaBAblBaeT pac4eT. 6e3 pac4eTa pHCK He
onpasAaH.
Jl11xoCTb - eCTb . C04eTaHHe llOBKOCTH co CMem)CTblO.
JlHXOCTb. 6e3 yMa - caMOAYPCTBO,
JlOBKOCTb - pe3y11bTaT CTporo nocneAOBaTellbHOro BO-
cnHTaHHSI . (T_peHHpOBKH) yMa, 6blCTpOTbl MblWJleHH.!I, AMC-
44
41-rnnH1H1posaHHoro Tena, nocnywHblX MycKynoe Allst M011-
111o1011ocHoro AeHcTBHSI.
CneAytow,1-11:1 sonpoc - conAaT. 3To OAHH H3 caMblX
cno>1<HblX sonpocos. Ha cerOAHSI cnpaseAnHBO 6yAeT cKa-
3Cll'b, 4TO see npOH3BeAeHHSI Ha eoeHHYIO TeMy He pac-
Kpb1Bat0T o6pa3a C011AaTa. ConAaT B HHX - HeKoe OTB11e-
4eHHOe AHTSI 4e/10Be4eCTBa.
Ho BepHeMCSI K CTpaxy. np1o1eeAy OAHH 0Tpb1BOK -
«CTpax B 6oto», Han1o1caHHblH MHOH 27 Mast 1942 fOAa:
«bOH - HCnblTaHHe ecex 4enoBe4eCKHX Ka4eCTB,
B HeM npoeepsieTcsi H pewaeTcsi see.
Eioi:i cpb1eaeT MacKy, nO>Kb, HanycKHYto xpa-
6poCTb - cpanbWb He YAep>KHTCSI noA orHeM. B 6~to
He cKpblTb yxoAS1W.Yt0 e nsiTKH AYWY. My>KeCTBO 1-1111-1
coeceM nOKHAaeT, HllH npOSIBJ1SleTCSI co BCeH nOllHOTOH
TOllbKO B 6ot0.
Eioe4 CHJleH CBOHM opy>KHeM, HO B pyKax cna6oro
CaMOe MOW,HOe opy>KHe 6ecCH/1bHO, TaK >Ke, KaK CH/1a
fHfaHTCKOfO 6oraTb1pS1 HH4TO>KHa nepeA caMblM HH4-
TO>KHblM opy>KHeM CTOHKOfO BOHHa.
CTOHKOCTb - W,HT CMeJJblX.
CnaceHHe He e 6ercree, a B 3aw,1o1Te H Hana11eHHH.
KTo He 3aw,1o1w,aeTcsi, TOT nor1o16aer.
Eie3 pHcKa HeT no6e11b1.
no6e>K11aeT JlHWb TOT, KTO HacTynaeT - He >KAeT
CMepTH, a CMeno HAeT HaBCTpe4y ei:i, 1-160 OH CJlHW-
KOM 11t06HT >KH3Hb, 4T06bl 6ostTbCSI CMepTH, H BO HMS!
>KH3HH H ceo60Abl OT4H3Hbl HAeT B 6oi:1.
B 6ot0 >KH3Hb HHKeM He 11ap1o1Tcsi, a 3asoeBb1BaeTcsi,
601:1 now.aAbl He 3HaeT.
OnacHOCTb e 6ot0 H3 MHHMOH cTaHOBHTCSI peanb-
HOH, HenocpeACTBeHHOH 6JJH30CTblO - CMepTb OKpy-
>KaeT, HacTynaeT, aTaKyeT Ha Ka>KAOM wary cTo, Tbl-
CSl4H pa3. PstAOM naAatOT TOBapHW,H, CBHCT SIT TblCSl4H
nynb, BOIOT, >KY>K>KaT pa3HblMH ronocaMH MHHbl, CHa-
PSIAbl, wnenHyeUJHCb o nperpa11y, c CHJlbHblM TpecKOM
11onat0TCS1, co CBHCTOM pa36pb13fHBaSI BO ece CTOpOHbl
6eccpopMeHHble OCKOJlKH pa3HOH eeJJH4HHbl, pe>Ky-
w,11e, Ka11e4aw,1o1e, y61o1eat0w,1o1e ece TO, 4TO ecTpeYaeTCSI
Ha nyTH, OCTpHeM H CKOpOCTblO CBOeH, nOAHHMaSI
B3pb1eoM CBOHM rpoMaAHblM cT0116 YepHoro, rycroro
AblMa B3pb1B4aTKH B CMeCH c 3eMnei:1, rpst3bl0, w,en-
KaM'H H pa3opeaHHblMH B KJ104bSI TenaMH >KepTB,
npeepaw,asi MS.Co H KOCTH B OKpoeaeneHHble KYC04KH,
45
Kpoeb - e nblJlb, oc1aansu1 rny60Ky10 eopoHKY Ha
3eMne.
none, B03AYX - ece, ece Ab1WJ.1T CMepTblO. npo-
XOAJ.1T 4ac - 60 MJ.1HyT, B MJ.1HyTe 60 ceKYHA, B ce-
KYHAY - TbJCSl4J.1 CMepTei:t, conAaTy np1-1xOAHTCS1 non3-
TJ.1, HATH, 6e>KaTb ... He6b1eanb1i:t KpHTH4eCKJ.1H MOMeHT
B )f(J.13HJ.1: 4YBCTBO CTpaxa J.1 4YBCTBO AOnra AepyTCSI,
u,apanalOTCSI, peyT Apyr Ha Apyre eonocb1 - caMble
ce1-1penb1e 3eep1-1 Hecnoco6Hbl TaK >KecToKo 6opoTbCS1,
KaK 3TJ.1 ABa 4YBCTea: «Tbl nor1-16, TBOSI MOnOAaSI )f(J.13Hb
nponana, Te6si cei:t4ac y6b10T 1-1n1-1 1-1cKane4aT, M3ypo-
AYIOT HaecerAa, TBOe Teno pa3opeeT B Kn04bSI, M
HMKOMY Te6si He HaHTJ.1 M He noxopoHMTb. Cnacai:tcsi,
npS14bCSI, 6e>KMM, 6e>KMM CKOpee, 6e>KMM ... » - roeo-
p"1T 4YBCTBO CTpaxa, TSIHeT, CJ.1nbHO TSIHeT Ha3aA, MnM
CBMHU,OBOH TSl>KeCTblO npH>KMMaeT K 3eMne, MnM xea-
TaeT 3a nOAOn WMHenM - He nycKaeT enepeA. PyKM
6eccMnbHO onycKalOTCSI, naneu, OTKa3blBaeTCSI Ha>KaTb
Ha cnycKOBOH Kpl040K, 3pa4KM pacw1-1pS110TCSI, rna3a
4YTb He BblXOASIT "13 op6MT, 60SITCSI He TOnbKO u,e-
nMTbCSI, HO J.1 CMOTpeTb. HorJ.1 nOAKaWMBalOTCSI, KOneHM
APO>KaT. JlerKMe xeaTalOT B03AYX, 3aAblXasicb Hepae-
HOMepHblM noTOKOM, 3axne6b1ea10TCS1. CepAu.e ycM-
neHHO-y4aw,eHHO KOnOTJ.1TCSI B rpyAM, ecaCblBaSI KpbBb
BOBHyTpb, OCTaBnSISI noeepXHOCTb MepTBeU,KM-6neA-
HOM, nonOTHS1Ho-6enoi:t. Hepeb1 Tyro HaTsiHyTbl, KaK
cTpy1;1b1,- ace 3TO roeopMT: 6e>KMM, 6e>KMM 6e3 or-
nsiAKM, cnacaTbCSI.
«Tb1 4enoeeK! Tb1 rpa>KAaHMH! Y Te6si ecTb 4YBCTBO
OblAa, no3opa, HJ.130CTM ""'."- y Te6si ecTb 6naropOAHasi
n,M4HaSI ropAOCTb, rOpAOCTb TBOei:t ceMbM, ropAOCTb
TBOeH HaU,MJ.1 - 4YBCT80 AOnra. Tbl He OAMH, He Te6e
OAHOMY ebinana 3Ta y4aCTb, psiAOM c To6oi:t TB0"1
COOTe4eCTBeHHMKM, TB011 TOBapMW,11 no opy>K"1IO, M OHM
He xy>Ke, Te6si, 11 OHM TO>Ke XOTSIT >f<l1Tb, KaK 11 Tbl.
Hey>KenM M3-3a OAHOro Te6si TBOIO ceMblO, TB0"1X
POA"1Te11ei:t, Teoi:t HapoA Apyrne 6YAYT C411TaTb Tpyc-
nMeb1M11 AYWOHKaMM! He HaKnaAbleai:t Ha ce6si, Ha
ceMblO, Ha HapoA Knei:tMo no3opa, 4T06b1 Apyrne He
'roeop11nM, 4TO y HMX cnoeo POAMHa TOnbKO Ha Sl3b1Ke,
a He e cepAu,e. He Aenai:t, 4T06b1 OH"1 cTec1:1sinMCb
npOM3HOCMTb TBOe 11MSI 11 npoKnMHan"1 Te6si HaBeKl1.
noAyMai:tl EcnM no6e>KMWb, TO noKpoewb ce6si
"' ceoe noKoneH1-1e no3opoM M npoKnSITbeM - ece M
46
Bee OTpeKyTeSI OT Te6si: OTpeKyTeSI OT Te6si OTeU, H
Man., KaK OT H3MeHHHKa, H 6yAyT eTblAHTbeSI eMOTpeTb
e rna3a eoeeAS1M. 0Tpe4eTesi >KeHa H e rope4bl0 6yAeT
eenOMHHaTb TOT Hee4aeTHblH AeHb, KOrAa peWHTeSI
eTaTb TBOeH >KeHOH. 0TpeKyTeSI AeTH - MHJlble AeTH
TBOH - H 6yAyT OHl.1 eaMblMH Hee4aeTHblMH H3 eeex
Hee4aeTHblX. 0HH 6yAyT eTeeHSITbeSI HOeHTb TBOe HMSI
H 6yAyT eKpblBaTb, KTO 6blJ1 HX OTeu,. 0TpeKyTeSI
TOBapHW.H, 3eMJ1SIKH, e KOTOpblMH Tbl He X04eWb
noAenHTb rope4H, TPYAHOeTH, onaeHoeTb. Ee111-1 Te6si
nOHMalOT - TO paeeTpe11S110T KaK npeAaTensi, H3MeH-
HHKa, npeAaAyT enpaBeAJlHBOMY no3opy, TBOeH
KpOBblO eMOIOT no3op KOJllleKTHBa. PaeeTpemlHHblH,
6yAeWb ea11S1TbeS1 6e3 4eeTH, . 6e3 eoeeeTH, KaK na-
Aa11b-AOXJ1SITHHa. noAyMaH, 6ereTBO - He enaeeHbe,
3TO HH3KO H TSl>Ke110, eTpawHee eMepTH.
Te6e HHKTO >KH3Hb AapHTb He 6yAeT, HAH, aaeoe-
eb1eaJ;f eaM. "1MeH 4eeTb. Ha61-1paJ;fesi My>KeCTea: xo-
4eWb >KHTb - y6eH Tex, KTO np1-1we11 y6HTb Te6si H
TBOHX TOeapHLL\eH, TOrAa 6yAeWb >KHB. ToeapHLL\a ena-
eewb - e11aea H 4eeTb Te6e. repoeM Ha30BYT Te6si -
see ropAHTbeSI 6yAyT T060IO.
6b1Tb MO>KeT, eTaHeWb Ka11eKOH - 3TO 11Y4We, 4eM
6b1Tb KaneKOH eoeeeTH, npeapeHHblM eeeMH. 6b1Tb
MO>KeT, nor1-16Hewb, BblnOllHSISI eeoJ;f A011r,- ee4Hasi
naMSITb H e11aea, eKa>KyT Te6e, e rOpAOeTblO eenOMH-
HaTb 6yAyT. My>KaHesi! BnepeAl» - npHKa3b1eaeT 4YB-
eTeo A011ra.
'B MOMeHT 3TOH BHyTpeHHeH 6opb6bl y e011AaTa,
KOrAa 4awa eeeoe nonepeMeHHO Ko11e611eTesi TO e OAHy,
TO B ApyrylO eTopoHy, KOrAa e011AaT HaXOAHTeSI nOA ABOH-
HblM rHnH030M _3THX 4yaeTB, 60JlbWOe 3Ha4eHHe HMeeT
KOMaHAa. KoMaHAa KOMaHAHpa, ero noee11HTeJ1bHblH, He
TepnSILL\HH eoapa>KeHHH TOH, yeepeHHasi, enOKOHHaSI HHTO-
HaU,HSI - ee'rb npHKa3 PoAHHbl eb1Hy, eee11S110LL\HH e AYWY
yeepeHHOeTb, nOAAep>KHealOW.HH ei.rny eo111-1, neHXHKy, Aa-
IOW.HH TOJ140K AllSI BblnOJlHeHHSI A011ra, BblpblBatOLL\HH BOHHa
H3 pyK Ma110AYWHS1, noaopa, eee11S1t0W.HH 6oeeoJ;f AYX,
enaea10W.HH r1-16e11b ero eoeeeTH OT aaMaH,..HBOH, HO Mep-
3KOH neHXOllOrHH - OT 4yeeTBa eTpaxa».
BoT no4eMy eb1we si roeop1-111: «... ynpae11S1Tb 6oeM,
ynpaBJlSITb neM.XHKOH ... », BOT n04eMy Heou,eHHMO eeJlHKO
3Ha4eHHe KOMaHAbl KOMaHAHpa B 6ot0, He TOJlbKO KaK
47
cpeACTBa ynpaeneHMSI, a KaK cpeACTea, 3aeepwatow,ero
no6eAOHOCHYIO 6opb6y 4YBCTBa AOnra HaA 4YBCTBOM
cTpaxa.
npeOAOJleB 4YBCTBO CTpaxa, BOMH cpeAM MHO>t<eCTBa
onacHOCT~H 4YBCTeyeT ce6si cnOKOHHblM (pa3yMeeTCSI, OT-
HOCMTenbHO), eepMT e c1-1ny ceoero opy>t<MSI M pa3yMHO,
xnaAHOKpOBHO, pac4eTnMBO AeHCTeyeT Ha none 6osi; MHOr-
Aa, pa3bS1peHHblH 4YBCTBOM HaKMneeweH HeHaBMCTM K epa-
ry, KOTopyto OH BblCTpaAan, 3a6b1easi Aa>Ke o caMocoxpa-
HeHMM, 6pocaeTCSI Ha onaCHOCTb M npeOAOneeaeT ee •
• • •
4To TaKoe My>t<ecTeo? OcHoea My>t<ecTea - ropAOCTb.
Aaeai1Te pa36epeM, KaKOBbl MCT04HMKM ropAOCTM. OnpsiT-
HOCTb, 4MCTOTa Ten.a M AYWM nopO>KAalOT nM4Hyto rOpAOCTb
M caMOAMCU,MnnMHy, Tpe6oeaTenbHOCTb K ce6e M OKpy>t<a-
IOW,MM. BHeWHSISI pacxnsi6aHHOCTb - npM3HaK eHyTpeHHero
y6o>t<eCTBa 4enoeeKa. rpsi3b pa3naraeT 4enoeeKa. Hepsiw-
nMBblH e 6brTy - Hepsiwn1-1e 1-1 e cny>t<6e, 1-1 e pa6oTe. Ecn1-1'
pa60THMK BHeWHe pacxnsi6aH, OH TaKOH >Ke M B pa6oTe;
ecn1-1 4enoeeK aKKypaTeH, OH TaKoe 1-1 e pa6oTe. BHeWHSISI
onpSITHOCTb - npM;3HaK BHyTpeHHeH co6paHHOCTM, caMO-
AMCU,MnnMHbl,' Tpe6oeaTenbHOCTM K ce6e M K OKpy>t<atoW,MM.
BoT Ha 3TOM Mbl M ocTaHOBMMCSI. 4To TaKoe nM4Hasi
ropAOCTb? JlM4Hasi ropAOCTb nopo>KAaer oreary. HeropAblH
OTBa>t<HblM 6b1Tb He MO>t<eT.
4To raKoe Hau,1-10HanbHasi ropAOCTb? Hau,1-10HanbHasi rop-
AOCTb ecTb nM4HaSI rOpAOCTb B HaU,MM, eCTb cyMMa ropAOCTM
nM4HOCTeH TOH MnM MHOH HaU,MM, HaU,MOHclnbHaSI rOpAOCTb -
HepywMMblH 3aKOH Ansi ecex nM4HOcrei1 e Hau,1-11-1. ToT, KTO
He yea>t<aeT CBOIO HaU,MIO M He rOpAMTCSI eto,"'"- 6e3ycnoe-
HblH noAneu, M 6poAsira. Yea>t<asi ce6si, MO>t<eWb yea>t<aTb
Apyr1-1x; siensisicb nonHou,eHHOH nM4HOCTbto AaHHOH Hau,1-11-1
M rOpASICb ceoeH Hau,MeM, Tbl MO>t<eWb AOCTOMHO OTHOCMTbCJI
1-1 K APYrMM HapoAaM. K np1-1Mepy: pyccK1-1e AOn>t<Hbl 6b1Tb
rny6oKO pyccKMMM AnSI Toro, 4T06br 6b1Tb MHTepHaU,MOHa-
nMCTaMM. EcTb ABa n0Hsir1-1si: Hau,1-10HanbHblH AYX - 3TO 6na-
ropOAHasi 4epTa, HaU,MOHanM3M - 3TO nopOK nM4HOCTM B
HaU,MM. c 3TMM eonpocoM HaAO pa3o6paTbCSI.
·HeKoTopbre c nerKocrbto nyTatoT Ha41-10HanbHblH AYX 1-1n1-1
Hau,1-10HanbHblH naTpMOTM3M c Hau,1-10Han1o13MOM. HaAo yMeTb
pa3JTM4aTb HaLJ,.MoHanbHblH AYX. 1-1 .Hau,1-10Han1-13M. Hau,1-10Hanb-
HblH AYX M_MeeT npeKpac1:1b1e ceoi1cTea, _no3HaHMe · ceoei1
48
HaU,IAIA, M HaM HaAO pa3BIABaTb 3TIA 611aropOAHble yepTbl.
4e11oeeK, 0611aAat0w,1Ai1 HaU,1AOHa11bHblM AYXOM, rny6oKo
IA B03Bb1weHHO nOHIAMaeT ceoi1 A011r nepeA oTeYeCTBOM,
nepeA CBOIAM HapOAOM IA 6paTCTBOM HapOAOB.
Bee HapOAbl cnoco6Hbr Ha ee111AKoe IA npeKpacHoe. Be-
111AKoe 4YBCTBO 6paTCTBa HapOAOB nOABeprnOCb B 3TOH
BOHHe 6011bWOMY IACnblTaHMIO, IA OHO BblAep>Ka110 3TO IAC-
nblTaHMe. B 3TOH eoi1He HM OAHa IA3 HapoAHOCTei1 IA Hau,1-1-
0Ha11bHOCTei1 CoeeTcKoro Cot03a He IAMeeT npaea eoeeaTb
xy>Ke APYfOH. npeAnOJlO>KMM, 4TO OAMH HapOA n11oxo
BOIOeT: KaKoe >Ke OCHOBaHIAe yea>KaTb 3TOT HapoA? A TOT
HapoA, KOTOpblH BOIOeT xopowo - AOCTOIAH rny6oKoro yea-
>KeHIASI.
Ka>KAblH co11AaT 3aAaeT ce6e c11eAyt0w,1Ae eonpocbr:
«KTo Mbl 6b1111A TaKi-te? KTo Mbl ecTb? KaKIAMIA l\'\bl 6yAeM?»
Ec111-1 KOMy-H1-16yAb IA3 eac cKa>KyT: eaw AeAYWKa 6b111
xopOWIAH 4e11oeeK, eaM 6yAeT 04eHb nplASITHO; IA n03TOMy,
KOfAa Hae 6yAYT cnpawMBaTb - KTO Mbl, Mbl AOJl>KHbl OT-
eeYaTb TaK, YT06b1 4yecTeoea11acb ropAOCTb 3a Hawe npo-
w11oe, 3a HaWIAX AOCTOHHblx npeAKOe.
KTo Mbl ecTb? KeM Mbl 6yAeM? Ha 3TO HaM HaAO
OTBeYaTb: Hen11ox1-1e lllOAIA ecTb, a 6yAeM ew,e 11y4we. "1
6011bWYIO p011b B 3TOM AOll>KHbl CblrpaTb 06yYeH1Ae IA
eocn1-1Ta111-1e. 4To TaKOe 06yYeH1Ae? 3To - nyTeM MYWTpbr
np1Ae1AeaTb TeXHIAKY co11AaTcKoro peMec11a. AoeOAIATb ece
np1AeMbl AO aBTOMaTM3Ma, 4T06bl COllAaT AeHCTBOBaJl, KaK
rlAMHacT, ebrno11HS110W,1AH ynpa>KHeHIASI Ha cHapsi~ax. Bocn1A-
TaH1Ae npi-telAeaeT 4e11oeeKy 611aropOAHblH Hpae. B eocnlA".'
TaHIAIA nepeoe - C03HaTeJ1bHOCTb, 3TO r11aeHoe, a np1AHY>K-
AeH1Ae - noAc06Hoe cpeACTBO. Bocn1ATaHMe Tynoi1 noKop·
HOCTM 03Ha4aeT, no cyw,ecTey, nOllHYIO MOpa11bHYIO nOA-
BJlaCTHOCTb 4e11oeeKa. Hy>KHO CKJlOHHOCTb K noc11ywaH1At0
npeepaTIATb B MOW,HOe IA rn6Koe cpeACTBO . npo6y>KAeHIASI
IA pa3BIATIASI 4e11oee4ecKoro AOCTOIAHCTea. Tynasi noKop-
HOCTb - spar 611aropOAHOH nOKOpHOCTIA rOpAOfO 4e11oeeKa.
B apMHIA AOll>KHa 6b1Tb CTporasi AIACU,IAnlllAHa, OCHOBaH-
HaSI Ha YyecTee r11y60Koro yea>KeHIASI 4e11oee4~cKoro AO-
CTOIAHCTBa.
Bocn1ATaH1-1e MymecTea: ocTopo>KHOCTb e sepHOM coYe-
TaHMIA c pew1ATe11bHOCTb10 - OCHOBHOe KaYecTBO reposi. He-
o6y3AaHHasi CMeJlOCTb 6e3 paCCYAKa - He xpa6poCTb, a
caMOAYPCTBO, IA repOHCTBOM ee Ha3BaTb HeJ1b3SI •.
Hawi-t ·xyAO>KHIAKIA no3eo11S110T ce6e TaKyt0 rnynocTb:
Hap1ACYIOT HeMu,a TaK, 4TO no11y4aeTCSI KaKaSl-TO 4YAOBIAW,-
49
HaJI Kap11KaTypa-cTpaw111111w,e. BoT JI COllAaT_, HHKOrAa He
6bl11 B 6oto, HO CKOpo nOMAY eoeeaTb 11 CMOTpto - TaM
3Bepb-ee1111KaH, KOTOporo 11 Ha ceeTe-TO HeT. "". 3TO Ha3br
eaeTCJI nponaraHAOM; 3To coto3 XYAO>KHHKOB noMoraeT
BOCl'IHTblBaTb - HeHaBHAeTb, HO Ha caMOM Aelle OH OKa3bl-
eaeT MeABe>KblO yc11yry, 1160 3THM OH TOllbKO nyraeT
MOllOAoro conAaTa. EcTb 11 npo113eeAeH11J1 n11caTe11eM, e
KOTOpblX HeMeu, onHCbleaeTCJI CTpaw111111w,eM - 3TO llO>Kb.
HeKOTOpb1e roeopJiT, 'ITO HeMU,bl He ntoAH . .Sf c 3THM He
cor11aceH 11 CBOHM COllAaTaM roeopto, 'ITO 3TO lllOAl-1, HO
c pa3epaw,eHHOM HaTypoM, 'ITO B I-IX >KHllax Te'leT TaKaSI >Ke
Kpoeb. Hy>+<HO y6eAHTb 6oMu,a, 'ITO HeMu,a MO>KHO npo-
TKHYTb WTblKOM, y61-1Tb nyneM, 'ITO "1 eMy np1-1cyw, CTpax.
ApyraJi KpaMHOCTb - HeMu,a noKa3blBatoT coeepweHHO Hl-1'1-
TO>KHblM TpycoM. 6yATO 6b1, ec111-1 OA"1H Haw 6oeu. Kp11KHeT
«ypa», HeMU.bl cpa3y no6eryr. .Sf 3a ABa roAa He B"1Aa11
TaKHX HeMu,ee. 0HH conpOTJ.1BJ1SllOTCJI, HM np11cyw,11 KaK
CTpax, TaK "1 My>t<eCTBO.
He cneAyeT noKa3blBaTb npoT"1BH"1Ka H"1'1TO>KHblM, cKpb1-
eaTb ero 6oecnoco6HocTb, ero cnoco6HocTb K conpoT1-1e-
11eH11to. BcsiKaJi Kap11KaTypHasi KpaMHOCTb o npOTHBHHKe He
TOllbKO HeAOCTOMHa, HO H ypoAnHea. 0 npon1eH11Ke HY>KHO
roeopHTb npaBAY - TOllbKO Ha npaBAHBblX np1-1Mepax MO>K-
HO eocn1-1TaTb 1-1 HeHae1-1cTb, H 6eccTpaw1-1e.
BocnHTaHHe e AaHHOM cny'lae HMeeT u,enbto eb1pa60TaTb
B 'lenoeeKe Ka'leCTBa BOHHa. 3TO AOCTHraeTCSI np"1BHT"1eM
y6e>1<AeH1-1J1, 'ITO npeAaHHOCTb ceMbe, HapoAy, poA11He,
rocyAapcTey, yea>1<eH1-1e K cTapw11M, co611toAeH1-1e 3aKOHOB.,
nopJiAKa, 06b1'1aee 11 TpaA"1U,"1M Hepa3pb1BHO, opraHH'IHO
cesi3aHbl c llH'IHblM 611arono11y'l11eM,. 'ITO 3a60Ta 06 o6w,e-
CTBeHHOM 611are SIBJlSleTCJI >Kl13HeHHOM Heo6XOAHMOCTblO
11 AYXOBHOM· noTpe6HOCTbto, 'ITO TOllbKO npae1111bHOe OTHO-
weH11e K o6w,ecTeeHHblM HY>KAaM (oT Ka>KAoro rio cnoco6-
HOCTJ1M) Harpa>KAaeTcJI o6w,ecTBeHHblM 611arono11y'l11eM.
Bocn11TaH1-1e 3T"1X nOHSIT"1M eeop,11TcS1 e co3HaH1-1e 1-1 eb1pa6a-
Tb1eaeT caMocrosiTe11bHblH xapaKrep "1HA"1B"1AYYMa AllJI
OC03HaHHOH Aesirenb.HOCTH; HpaBCTBeHHblH 06111-1K ero AO-
ll>KeH 6b1Tb 'IY>KAblM crpaxy 11 pa6cKOMY nOKllOHeHHIO, 'ITO
11 COCTae11J1;eT nyTb 6e3rpaHH'IHOH• 11to6e1-1 11 AOBepl-151 K
rocyAapcTey, HapOAYr 11CXO,D;JiW,yto OT 4"1CTOro cepAu.a.
Ka3ax11 roeopJiT: «Kid eniHAe cy11TaH 6011f"aHwa, &3
enil-\Ae vnraH 6011>> ......... cc4·e11oeeK 6e3rpaHH4HO npeAa·H, Kor-
Aa OH C4aCTJ1"1B, a C4aCT11"1B OH J1"1Wb TaM, fAe eMy eepJiT,
rAe ero 11to6J1T».
Set
0cTaH08.IHOCb Ha HeKOT-OpolX nc11.xo11orH4eCKl1X nOHAT.H;
six. KaK a nOHJ.1Mat0, HanpHMep, •Ho HIKOe «yM», «4yecreo»,
«.eo11S1» 11 Apyrne?
y M - :no CH/la, no3Hatow.asi npeAMeTbl H SIB/leHHSI. 9H
HX TOHKO pa311H4aeT H onpeAe11S1eT, TO eCTb . 4e11oeeK,
e61-1paS1 ene4aT11eHHSI 4YBCTBaMH CBOHMH, nepeAaBaSI HX
HepeaM, 6blCTp0 o6pa6aTblBaeT HX B M03ry, AaBaSI SICl;fblM
OTeeT, npeACTae11eH1-1e 1-1111-1 o6pa3 npo1-1cXOAS1UJ,ero. Pa6ora
yMa 0Tpa>1<aer AYWeeHoe cocTOSIHHe 4e11oeeKa. Ee Mbl
4acro 411eHHM Ha OTAellbHble noHstTHSI.
Mb1wneH1-1e - ecTb eb1cwasi cryneHb no3HaHHSI, 0Tpa>1<e-
HHS1 o6beKTHBHOM AeMCTBHTe/lbHOCTH, CBSl3aHHaSI c nocne-
AOBaTe/lbHOM OTpa6oTKOM ene4arneHHM.
YeepeHHOCTb - :no SICHoe npeACTae11eH1-1e o npeAMeTax
H SIB/leHHSIX, OT4eT/1HBOe nOHHMaHHe coeepwatow.erOCll .H
flCHOe npeACTaeneHHe o ero noc11eACTBHS1X. YeepeHHOCTb
nopo>t<AaeT >t<a>KAY ycnexa, noAHHMaeT ::1Hepr1-1to, OTAaeT
ano11He onpeAeneHHble pacnopsi>t<eHHSI 1-1111-1 Bbl3b1eaer 111-14-
Hoe AeMCTBHe - CTpeM/leHHe K HeMeA/leHHOM AeSITenb-
HOCTH.
CoMHeHHe - ecTb Kone6aH1-1e yMa e pe3ynbTaTe Hesic-
Horo H HeOT4eT/1HBOro npeACTae11eHHSI., nOHHMaHHSI H o6-
pa6oTKH ene4arneHHS1. CoMHeHHe ecTb pa3HOBHAHOCTb.· 6o-
Sl3HH. Ko11e6aH1-1e Ha eoi1He - eecbMa onacHoe, 4acro na-
ry6Hoe AYWeBHOe COCTOSIHHe, He Aatow.ee B03MO>KHOCTH Ha
4TO-HH6YAb pewHTbCSI, 4TO-TO npeAnpHHSITb, AOBOASIW,ee
4aCTO AO COCTOSIHHSI pacTepSIHHOCTH, KOrAa Ha4HHatoT ny-
TaTb H c61-1eaTb c TOllKY H Apyr1-1x.
"13 npaKTHKH Mbl 3HaeM, 4TO COMHeeato.UJ,HM.CSI KOMaH-
AHp, KaK npae1-1110, 1-136eraeT 11H4HblX pacnopsi>t<eHMM, ne-
peAaeasi CBOH o6si3aHHOCTH 3aMeCTHTeJl.SIM HllH OT.AaBaSI
HeSICHble, HeKOHKpeTHble npHKa3aHHSI 061.1.1,HMH cnoeaMH,
crpaxysi ce6si OT nocneACTBHM orroeopKOM, 4TO ero «nOA-
4HHeHHble npocro He nOHSlllH». B HapoAe 3TO Ha3bleaercsi
«C 6011bHOM ro11oeb1 c.ea111-1eaTb Ha .3AOpoeyto». SI caM 11H4HO
TpH>t<Abl 4YTb He nan >t<epTBOM HeCOCTOSITeJlbHOCTH yMa
Moero Ha4aJlbHHKa, 4TO noMorno MHe pa306paTbCS1 e no-
Hstn1H «COMHeHHe».
naMSITb - 3TO cnoco6Hocrb y.Ma eocnpHHHMaT.b, coxpa-
HSITb H eocnpOH3BOAHTb no CBOeMy >1<enaHHIO nepe>t<HTble
ene4ai-11eHHS1. B eoeHHOM Ae11e naMstTb c11y>1<1.n ocHoeaHHeM
onblTa. 0Ha copr1-1pyeT, 06061.1.1,aeT sie11eH11S1 A11S1 AallbHei1-
w1-1x none3HblX AeMCTBHi1, y4aCb Ha ypoKax yAa4 H HeyAa4.
KoHe4HO, 11H4HblM onblT - ee111-1Koe Ae110, OH ocTae11sier
5.1
rny6oKHM ClleA B M03ry, HO ece me OH y30K,. n03TOMY
A611mHo oco6o yAe11S1Tb BHHMaHHe naMSITH 11 onbrTy Apyr11x,
H3y4eHHIO H 0606L1.1eHHIO ero, :no SIBll sieTC SI AOllrOM lll0-
6oro MblCllSIL1.\ero ocp114epa, cpeACTBOM K ero 11H4HOMY
pocTy. HaM cnpaeeA1111eo npeA11araeTCS1 y411TbCS1 Ha onbrTe,
113y4aTb 11 0606L1.1aTb onblT Apyrnx.
CKyKa - OTCYTCTBHe yMcTeeHHbrx HHTepecoa, OTCIOAa
Ma11b1e cnoco6HocTH 11 c11a6asi AeS1Te11bHOCTb. CKyKy no-
pomAaeT Ha3Ha4eHHe Ha AOllmHOCTb He no npH3BaHHIO, Ha
p·a6oTy, 4ymAyt0 np11pOAHblM AaHHblM. HapoA roeop11T:
«HaCHllbHO MHll He 6yAeWb», «He B CBOIO KOllelO nonam>,
OH 4yecTeyeT ce6si «He e ceoeii Tape11Ke». BcerAa cneAyeT
H36eraTb B03MOmHblX npoTHaope4HM np11poAHblX AaHHbrx,
AapoeaHHSI 4e11oeeKa co c11yme6HblMH Tpe6oeaHHSIMH. OT-
Ct0Aa 3aKOHOMepHO Tpe6oeaHHe H3y4aTb KaApbl c 4e11bl0
onpeAe11eH11si, KTO K 4eMy cnoco6eH, Koro 11 rAe 4e11eco-
06pa3HO H BblrOAHO 11cn01lb30BaTb, a He B006L1.\e Ha3Ha4aTb.
HeAoy4eT ecero 3TOro np11Hoc11T orpoMHblM MaTep11a11bHblM
YL1.\ep6 11 HeHymHble mepTBbl, KOTOpblX MOmHO 6bl110 6br
11erKO 1136emaTb .np11 npaBl11lbHOM pacnpeAe11eHl111 11 yMe-
llOM paccTaHoeKe KaApoe (eK11t04asi 11 psiAOBOM cocTae).
PaccesiHHOCTb - e ocHOBHOM ecTb pa3HOB11AHOCTb cKy-
K11, OTB1le4eHHOCTH, HecnpaeeA1111BOCTH MblW1leHl1SI, 6e3pa3-
11H4HOro eocnp11S1Tl1SI SIB1leHl1M, OTCIOAa, KaK ClleACTBHe,
nacc11eHOCTb, c11a6asi AesiTellbHOCTb 11 TOMY nOA06Hoe.
Me4TaTellbHOCTb - pa3Mbrw11eH11S1 o Hec6blT04HOM, HO
ece me cTpacTHoe me11aH11e. Ha eoiiHe Me4TaTe11bHOCTb
4aCTO SIBllSleTCSI ABl1raTe11eM, HaTa11Kl1BalOL1.\11M Ha TB0p4e-
CKHM nyTb e · peweH1111 pea11bHblX 3aAa4.
np11TBOpCTBO - llOmHoe, HCKYCCTBeHHOe C03AaHHe ene-
1.faT 11eH11i1, Ha eoiiHe - caMoe ae1111Koe Hecl.faCTbe, nary6HblM
o6MaH.
Jl114eMep11e - 11CKYCCTBeHHOe C04YBCTBl1e, nOHHMaH11e,
np113HaH11e, eAHHOMblCllHe - CTpeMlleHHe BblAaTb llOmHoe
3a HCTHHy, CKpbreasi nocneAHIOIO. Bee :no SIBllSleTCSI 4aCTO
pe3y11bTaTOM Toro, l.fTO «nonan He B CBOIO KO/lelO». BepHblM
cpeACTBOM npeOA0/1eHl1SI 11114eMep11si, eL1.1e 11y4we - HeAO-
nyll.\eHHSI ero, SIBllSleTCSI /1HKBHAa411S1 npHl.fHH, hopOAHBWl1X
TaKoeoe, np11 cpopM11poaaHl1H 4aCTH 111111 Ha3Ha4ei-H1SI Ha
AOllmHOCTb TOBapHL1.\eH-Ocp114epOB. npH HeB03MO>t<HOCTH -
OTYl.fHTb MeTOAOM np11HymAeHHS1.
4yacTBO - onpeAeneHHOe COCTOSIHHe Tena H AYWH, TO
eCTb Hawa cnoco6HOCTb BOcnpHHHMaTb BHeWH"1i:1 MHp H
52
,.>ear1-1poeaTb Ha Hero. 4yecTea 6b1eat0T: cp1-131-14ecK1-1e, .1-1111-1
KaK HHOrAa HX Ha3blBalOT - HH3WHe, TO eCTb Te, KOTOpble
onpeAe11SllOTCSI cp1-13H4eCKHM COCTOSIHHeM opraHH3Ma (4ye-
CTBO 6on1-1, >1<a>1<Abl, ro110Aa, xo110Aa H np.). AyxoeHb1e, 1-1111-1,
KaK HHOrAa npHHSITO Ha3blBaTb, BblCWHe - TO eCTb B036y>K-
AaeMble OTBJle4eHHblMl-1 npeACTae11eHHSIMH - 4YBCTBO 11106-
BH, HeHaBHCTH, 31106b1, rHeBa H TaKHe nOHSITHSI, KaK HCTHHa,
4yecTBO cnpaeeAnHeocnt, npaBAbl, 11>1<11, 11 TOMY nOA06HblX.
Bne4aTneHHe - npHSITHoe 1-1111-1 HenpHSITHOe ow,yw,e1-11-1e,
Bbl3blBatOUJ,e€ B036Y>KAeHHe HJ111 yrHeTeHHe n01XHKH 4e110-
eeKa, KOTopoe nopo>KAaeT 1-1111-1 Bbl3b1eaeT nOAbeM 11111-1 yna-
AOK Cl-111 H 3Hepr1-111, BJlHSISI HenocpeACTBeHHO Ha AeS1Te11b-
HOCTb, KaK <PH3H4eCKH, TaK H B AYXOBHOM CMblC11e :noro
c11oea. HaM ea>1<Hee ecero 3HaTb, H3y4aTb H noHHMaTb Bbl-
cw1-1e npOSIB11eHHSI 4YBCTB KaK Mopa11bHblX cpaKTOpoe H
HpaeCTBeHHblX ·OCHOB B BOHHCKOM eocnHTaHHH 6oeeblX
Ka4eCTB.
Ao11r - 3TO eb1cwee HHTe1111eKTya11bHOe noHSITHe, eo-
6paewee e ce6S1 yM, 4yecTeo, eo11t0, coeecTb, 4eCTb, cnpa~
eeA11HeocTb, npaeAy, 11t06oeb,. npoTHeonocTae11S1S1 HM npo-
THeono110>1<Hble SIB11eHHSI B 4e11oee4eCKOH 'AeSITe11bHOCTl1.
PaHee SI 6011ee noAp06Ho roeop1-111 o A011re, 3AeCb >Ke
C.4HTatO He06XOAHMblM nonyTHO OCTaHOBHTbCSI .Ha C11eAy-
IOW,HX onpeAe11eHHS1X: C03HaHHe A011ra 1-1a3b1eaeTCS1 coee-
CTblO. CoeeCTb - HpaecTeeHHOe noHSITHe, onpeAe11S1t0w,ee,
4TO TaKOe A06po H 3110, npaBAa H JlO>Kb, cnpaeeA11HBOCTl;i
1-1 npo4ee. 3To 4yecTeo AyweeHoro paeHoeec1-1si, pery111-1-
pyt0w,ee AeS1Te11bHOCTb 4e110l!eKa B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT ero
npeACTaeneHHSI 06 HCTHHe, npaeAe H cnpaeeAnHeoc;TH, on-
peAen SllOW,ee, HaCK011bKO Bbln011HeH "1111'.t Heebmom:1eH A011r
(oTCIOAa pO>KAaeTCSI TO 6oApOCTb, TO yrHeTel:lHe), yKa3bl-
eat0w,ee, OT , 4ero cneAyeT B03Aep>1<an"csi, 4TO . HaA06Ho
Ae11aTb.
Kopo4e roeopS1, coeecTb -.KOHTpo11ep A011ra, pery11si-
Top 4e11oee4eCKOH AeS1Te11bHOCTH.
ropAOCTb ,--- eCTb C03HaHHe 11"14HOrO. AOCTOHHCTBa. >Ke-
11aH11e 4eHOIO Aa>Ke >KH3HH coxpaHHTb AOCTOHHCTBo, BblC0-
~11H Mopa11bHblH AYX Ha3ble.aeTCSI 4eCTbtO.
· CTblA - co3.HaH1-1.e Heno3eo111-1Te11bHocrn. coeepweHHoro
.nocTynKa.
3anSITHaHHOe caM011t061-1e, YHH>KeHHOe AOCTOHl:lCTBO MO:-
pa11bHOro Ayxa - no3op.
Yi;sepeHHOCTb Ha BOHHe, e 601<> - . 4yecTeo npeeocXOA-
CTea ,HaA nporH.BHHKOM, 4Y,BCTBO co6cT.BeHHOro ,AOCT0!1H-
53
cTea. YeepeHHOCTb AOcniraeTcsi 3HaH11eM Aena 11 noAbeMOM
BOl1HCKOro Ayxa.
BooAywee11eH11e ~ nOAbeM AyweeHblX c1111, CTpeM11-
TeJ1bHblH noToK 3Hepr1111, 60ApocT11. CpeACTBaM11 eOOAY-
.wee11eH11S1 eo.:1ci< sie11sit0Tcsi: B03AeHcTe11e 06asiH11eM, YYT-
KOCTbtO, yea>1<eH11eM YeJlOBeYeCKOro AOCT011HCTBa, 1111'-IHblH
np11Mep HaYaJ1bHl1Ka, coeeTbl, AOXOA'-111Bble pa3bSICHeHl1SI,
npocTaSI 3aAyweeHaSI peYb, OCTpoyM11e, yMeCTHaSI wyTKa,
11rpa, MY3b1Ka, neH11e 6oeeb1x 11 Apyr11x neceH, TaHU,bl,
n11S1CKl1 11 11HaSI CaMOAeSITeJlbHOCTb B nOApa3Ae11eHl1SIX. no-
CJleAHeH Heo6xOA11MO YAeJlSITb oco6oe BHl1MaH11e, TaK KaK
COJlAaT 6011bwe BOOAywee11S1eTCSI, YYBCTeyeT ce6si ceo60A-
Hee B 3TOH HeMyApeHOH 3aTee CB011X coc11y>1<11eu,ee, YeM Ha
npeACTae11eH1111 npocpecc110Ha11bHblX apT11CTOB, rAe OH ow,y-
w.aeT ce6si ece-TaK11 6011bwe 3p11Te11eM 11 CMOTp11T Ha Hl1X
11MeHHO TOJlbKO KaK Ha npocpecc110Ha11oe.
83al1MHaSI BblPYYKa 111111 YYBCTBO KOJ111eKTl1Bl13Ma - ea>K-
HblH 11 o6si3aTeJ1bHblH 311eMeHT BOl1HCKOro A011ra, 611aro-
poAHaS1 YepTa CTaAHOro - o6w.ecTBeHHOro YYBCTBa TOBa-
p11w,ecTea. Cnoco6HocTb coYyecTeoeaTb Toeap11w,y e 6eAe
ecTb pe3y11bTaT eocn11TaH11S1 e ye11oeeKe YyecTea noMoraTb
B AOCTl1>KeHl111 o6w.e.:1 u,e111-1, CTpeM11eHl1SI eceMl1 c1111aM11
11 cnoco6HOCTSIMl1 CB011Ml1 He AOnycTl1Tb pa3pyweHl1SI 6oe-
eoro Ko1111eKT11ea, co3Haeasi, YTO r116e11b Toeap11w.a 03HaYaeT
npsiMylO yrpo3y oc11a611eH1110 ere, yMeHbwaeT waHCbl Ha
AOCT11>1<eH11e o6w,e.:1 u,e1111 11 1111'-IHOe caMocoxpaHeH11e.
::ho YYBCTBO SIB11SleTCSI MOpa11bHblM OCHOBaH11eM KOMaH-
AOBaHl1SI 11 nOAY11HeH11S1, 6oeeo.:1 cnaHKl1, 6oeeoro COAPY-
>1<ecTea, OHO ocHoeaHo Ha np11Hu,11ne «OA11H 3a ecex 11 ece
3a OAHOrO».
TaK11M o6pa30M, ocp11u,epb1 o6si3aTe11bHO A011>KHbl YAe-
JlSITb oco6oe BHl1MaH11e eocn11TaH11t0, np11e11T1110 11 yKpen-
11eH1110 y COJ1AaTa 3TOro YYBCTBa eA11HCTBa, BeAyw.ero K
o6w.e.:1 u,e1111. YKpen11S110T 11 pa3e11eat0T ere HapOAHbre
B011HCKl1e TpaAl1U,1111, a TaK>Ke eA11HaSI cpopMa OAe>+<Abl,
eA11Hoo6pa311e 06yYeH11S1 np11eMaM 6osi, eHyweH11e eA11H-
CTea u,e11e.:1, C03HaH11e, YTO c11a6ocTb noApa3Ae11eH11S1 - ero
cna6ocTb. no3op noApa3Ae11eH11si - ere no3op. C11aea noA-
pa3AeneH11S1 - ero cnaea. 4ecTb noApa3AeneH11S1 - ere
YeCTb. HeyAa'-111 noApa3Ae11eH11S1 - ere HeyAa'-111. Ycnex -
ere ycnex. EioeBOH K01111eKTl1B, B KOTOpOM OH HaXOA11TC si,-
ero ceMbSI 6oeeasi, c CYAb60H KOTOpOH Hepa3pb1BHa CBSl3aHa
ere 1111YHasi CYAb6a 11 yYaCTb.
54
3AeCb SI He npHBO>l<Y HH OAHOro a63au,a "13 npe>KHHX
MOHX 3an1-1ceH 0 CTpaxe, HO see >Ke 8 AOn011HeHHe K HHM
C4HTatO He06XOA·HMbl·M CKa3aTb HeCKOllbKO C1108 B nopSIAKe
K11acc1-1q>1-1Ka4HH :noro np1-1cyw,ero BCeMy >l<HBOMY 4YBCTBa.
60S13Hb - 4yec1eo, nopo>1<AaeMoe O>KHAaHHeM 60111-1,
CTpaAaHHSI H np04HX HenpHSITHOCTeH.
C1pax - 4yec1eo, eepHee, cocTOSIHHe O>KHAaHHSI B03-
MO>KHO CMepTellbHOro HCXOAa H np04HX CHllbHblX HenpH-
SITHOCTeH H q>H3H4eCKHX CTpaAaHHH.
Y>1<ac - noc11eAyt0w,1-1J;I pocT c1paxa, napa111-13yt0w,1-1J;I co-
3HaHHe H 4YBCTBa CBOeH HeO>KHAaHHOH BHe3anHOCTblO, AO-
BOASIW,HH 4e11oeeKa AO COCTOSIHHSI oc10116eHeHHS1, 04ene-
HeHHSI, npeepaw,atOW,HH ero B 6ec4yBCTBeHHOe cyw,eCTBO -
>KHBOH 1pyn, MYCKYllbl H HepBbl KOToporo nepec1a111-1 c11y-
>1<HTb, HHa4e roeopSI, no11HaS1 Ae3opraHH3a41-1S1 4e11oee4e-
CKoro «51».
naHHKa - pacnpOCTpaHeHHe CTpaxa Ha T011ny.
DOSl3Hb, CTpax, y>1<ac, naHHKa Bbl3blBatOTCSI TeHeBOH CTO-
pOHOH HHCTHHKTa caMocoxpaHeHHSI, >Ka>KAOH cnOKOHHOH
>l<H3HH H 6e3onacHOCTH.
3TH 4YBCTBa nOHH>KatOT pa601y yMa H 8011"1, pa3pywaS1
HOpMallbHYIO AeS!TellbHOCTb opraHOB 4YBCTB, Bbl3blBaSI cy-
AOPO>l<HOe coKpaw,eHHe MycKy11oe, 4ac1oe cepA4e61-1eH1-1e;
OHH Ae11at0T B03MO>KHblM no1ept0 ynpae11eHHS1 yMoM, 4ye-
c1eaMH, 111-1wat01 eo111-1, ypaeHoeeweHHOCTH, 4e11oeeK nona-
AaeT BO BllaCTb HH3KHX 4YBCTB, >l<HBOTHOro HHCTHHKTa ca-
MOCOxpaHeHHSI.
3TH 4YBCTBa, np1-1cyw,1-1e BCeMy >l<HBOMy, 11erKO noAaB-
llSllOTCSI H YHH4To>1<at0TCS1 npo11-1eono110>1<HblMH AYWeBHblMH
CHllaMH - HHTe1111eKTOM, BblCWHM C03HaHHeM 4e11oeeKa ---
My>1<eCTBOM, caM00611aAaHHeM, C03HaHHeM co6CTBeHHOrO
AOCTOHHCTBa, AOllrOM, COBeCTblO, 4eCTblO, CTporoH BOHH-
CKOH AHC4Hnl1HHOH, 11H4HblM npHMepoM KOMaHAHpa, e11a-
CTHOH ero BOlleH, ero ae1op1-11ejoM, noeellHTellbHOH HHTO-
Ha4HeH B ro116ce npH OTAa4e KOMaHAbl H pacnopS1>1<eHHS1,
cnoco6HOH pacceSITb CTpax H nopOAHTb yeepeHHOCTb y
nOA4HHeHHblX, naMS11ysi, 4TO co11AaT ecerAa AYMae1: TaM,
rAe KOMaHAHp, MeHbWe onaCHOCTb; pa3 He '6oHTCSI KOMaH•
AHp, 3Ha4HT,. He npeABHAHTCSI HH4ero CTpawHoro, HO pa3
1pyc1-11 · KOMaHAHp, · HeT e HeM yeepeHHOCTH, 3Ha4HT 0>1<1o1-
Aae1csi He4TO rpo3HOe, c1pawHeHwee.
311o1 4YBCTBa Bbl3blBatOTCSI npe1-1Myw,ec1eeHHO HeO>KHAaH-
HOCTblO, BHe3anHblMH AeHCTBHSIMH npOTHBHHKa epacn11ox
55
H C03HaHHeM ·B03MO>KHOCTH 6b1Tb y6HTblM, KOTOpoe pa3py-
WHTe/lbHO AeHcTeyeT Ha ncHXHKy. BoT no4eMy BOHHCKHH
ycTaB npHAaeT 60/lbWOe 3Ha4eHHe H OTBOAHT nepeoe MeCTO
eonpocaM 6oeeoro o6ecne4eHHSI, Henpepb1BHOH pa3eeAKe
H oxpaHeHHIO, KaK HMelOW,HM orpOMHOe 3Ha4eHHe H B
MOpallbHOM OTHOWeHHH.
811aCTHOe H onpeAe/leHHO SICHOe npHKa3aHHe H KOMaHAa
npH nepeb1x >+<e npH3HaKax cTpaxa AeHCTBYIOT 0Tpe3e11si-
iow,e, eoccTaHae11Hea10T paeHoeecHe Ayxa H eo3epaw,a10T
My>t<eCTBO Aa>+<e 3aCTHrHyTblM epacnnox H AaBWHM
«ApanaKa».
TonbKO yMeHHe npaeH/lbHO eocnHTblBaTb, B03AeHCTeo-
eaTb Ha nCHXHKY nOA4HHeHHblX H pa3yMHblH npHKa3 SIB/lSl-
IOTCSI eepHblMH cpeACTBaMH npeAynpe>+<AeHHSI H HeAony-
w.eHHSI, npeAOTepaw,eHHSI cTpaxa, yrpo>+<aiow,ero 4eCTH opy-
>+<HSI H 3HaMeHH, >+<H3HH 6oHU,OB, cnaceHHSI HX OT 6ec4eCTHSI
H no3opa.
0T4aSIHHe - 4yecTeo, C03HaHl-ie coeepweHHOH 6e3Ha-
Ae>+<HOCTH H 6e3BblXOAHOCTH nono>+<eHHSI H O>+<HAaHHe He-
MHHyeMOH rH6e11H.
TaK KaK AllSI eoeHHoro (TaKoea ero npocf:>ec61 si) yTpaTa
>KH3HH SIB/lSleTCSI HOpMa/lbHblM ClleACTBHeM ero peMecna,
H · BOHHCKHH ycTae Tpe6yeT eocnHTb1eaTb cnoco6HocTb K
caMono>+<epTeoeaHHIO, KOrAa :no npOAHKToeaHo o6cTaHoe-
KOH· 6osi, B03MO>KHOCTb /1H4HOH- rH6e11H He MO>KeT cny>+<HTb
onpaBA·aHHeM AllSI eoeHHOro (KaK 3TO 6b1eaeT co WTaTCKHMH
/l'IOAbMH). ~ XOTSI, Ka3a/lOCb 6b1, C03HaHHe, 4TO /lH4HaSI
rH6e11b He CTO/lb ne4a11bHa, CKO/lb ee11HKa 3Ta >+<epTea AllSI
6011bwero 611ara - no6eAbl HaA eparoM, HCK/ll04aeT AJ1Sl
BOeHHOro nOHSITHe OT4aSIHHSI, ece >+<e OHO AO H3BeCTHOH
CTeneHH SIB/lSleTCSI o6w,HM 4YBCTBOM AllSI ecex (TaK KaK
conAaT >+<·Heoj;i 4e11oeeK H eMy TaK>+<e ·npHcyw,H ece 4e110-
ee4ecKHe c11a6ocTH) c TOH· nHWb pa3HHU,eH, 4TO B03MO>t<-
HOCTb /1H4HOH rH6e11H AllSI eoeHHOro He SIB/lSleTCSI HeO>+<H-
AaHHOCTblO, ·OH e>+<eAHeeHo, c MHHYTbl Ha MHHYTY >+<AeT ee,
HaXOASICb Ha none 6osi. Jlio6asi HeO>KHAaHHOCTb He AOll>KHa
Bbl3blBaTb e HeM ou.eneHeHHSI, a, Hao6opoT, no6y>+<Aa'rb Ha
ew,e 6011ee 3HeprH4Hble 'AeHCTBHSI H pa6oTy yMa, BO/lH H
4YBCTB. >t<a>+<Aa >KH3HH, CTpaCTHOe >+<enaHHe Bbl>KHTb, no6e-
AHB CMepTb,- eCTb r11aeHaS1 ABH>+<yw,asi CH/la B 6oio, Ae:.i
.naiow,asi 4enoeeKa cnoco6Hb1M npe3peTb cMepTb, 3acTae-
11siiow,asi HATH HaecTpe4y eH, c rna3y Ha rna3 c HeyAep-
>KHMblM rHeBOM yMepW,B/lSITb CMepTb HMeHeM >KH3HH;
>t<H3Hb - 3HaMSI CO/lAaTa.
56
BoT no4eMy si yTeep>1<Aat0, 4TO conAaT MAeT e 6oH He
Y.MMpaTb, a >t<MTb, 4TO HaAe>t<Aa Ha >t<M3Hb corpeeaeT cepAu,e
conAaTa. OH M yMMpaeT AnSI Toro, 4T06b1 >t<MTb ...
Aep3HoeeHMe - 6naropoAHblH nopb1e, KOrAa BOMH pe-
waeTcsi Ha ece, Ha CaMOe HeB03MO>KHOe, rOTOB c 4eCTblO
npMHSITb rn6enb. Bonsi Bb1pb1BaeTCSI M3 TMCKOB 6e3HaAe>KHO-
CTM M 6epeT eepx, MHMU,MaTMBY HaA eceMM AYUJeBHblMM M
¢M3M4eCKMMM 4YBCTBaMM M SeAeT no nyTM, . KOTOpblH Heee-
AOM npOTMBHMKy, yeepeHHOMY B HeB03MO>KHOCTM TaKoro
noCTynKa M e o6pe4eHHOCTM ceoeH >1<epTeb1. Aep3HoeeH"1e
siensieTcsi Ansi npoTMBHMKa coeepweHHOH HeO>t<MAaHHOCTbtO,
AeHcTeyeT Ha Hero owen0Mnsit0w,e, npe>t<Ae ecero Mopanb-
Ho; M OH, M3yMneHHblH M nopa>t<eHHblH peUJMTenbHOCTblO,
nMwaeTCSI cnoco6HOCTM HeMeAneHHO 4TO:-TO npeAnpMHSITb.
"1 MOnHMeHOCHblH 3cpcpeKT HaXOAMT CBOH pe3ynbTaT, CMeHSISI
OT4aSIHMe TOp>t<eCTBOM, XOTSI 3TO M MO>t<eT 6b1Tb CBSl3aHO co
CMepTbtO, HO TaKoe peAKO cny4aeTCSI c Aep3aBWMM.
1-fraK, AnSI eoeHHOro, B KOHe4HOM C4eTe, HeT OT4aSIHMSI,
6e3HaAe>KHOCTM, HaAe>+<AY TepsieT nMWb TOT, KTO HMKOrAa
.He enaAen et0 no-HacTosiw,eMy. YMiTci3AeH, yMiT H;awaAbl,
yMiTTi acH;ap TayAaH acaAbl (OT neCCMMMCTa HaAe>t<Aa y6e-
_raeT, onTMMMCT ropb1 nepewarHeT), KaK HacTaensitOT Ka3aXM.
naTpMOTM3M - nt060eb K OTe4eCTBY (roCyAapcTBy) ~
.OC03HaHMe npSIMOH . 3aBMCMMOCTM nM4HOro 6naronony4"1·SI
.OT o6w,ecTBeHHO-rocyAapcTBeHHOH 6e3onacHOCTM, npM3Ha-
HMe ceoeH 3aBMCMMOCTM OT rocyAapcTea, Toro, 4TO yKpen-
neHMe rocyAapcTea ecTb yKpenneHMe · nM4HOCTM. Kopo4e,
naTpMOTM3M 06beA1<1HS1eT noHsiTMe rocyAapcTea eo ecex ero
0THOW0H"1SIX c nM4HOCTbtO, c ee npownblM, HaCTOSIW,MM M
PYAYW.MM.. TonbKO nt060eb K OTe4ecTey MO>t<eT cny>t<MTb
MOpanbHblM onpaBAaHMeM y6MHCTBa Ha BOHHe, HpaeCTBeH-
HblM. OCHOBaHMeM eoeHHOro Aena.
BcerAa cneAyeT 1o1a6eraTb TOnKoeaHMSI naTpMOTM3Ma OT-
ene4eHHblMM . cnoeaMM, o6w,MMM MeCTaMM 6e3 CBSl3M c
MHTepecaMM nM4HOCTM - nOAAaHHOro rocyAapcTea.
Heo6xOAMMO OTMeTMTb OAMH M3 ea>t<HblX 3neMeHTOB
naTpMOTM3Ma, HeM36e>t<HO conyTCTBYIOW.MH eMy. 3TO HaU,MO-
HanbHblH AYX MnM HaU,MOHanbHblH naTpMOTM3M - nt06oeb
.K CBOeMy HapOAYr c KOTOpblM nM4HOCTb CBSl3aHa KpOBHblM
eAMHCTBOM M o6W,HOCTblO npOMCXO>t<AeHMSI, TeppMTOpMeH,
Sl3blKOM, 6blTOM, HpaeaMM, ncMxonorM4eCKMMH M 3THorpa-
<Pl-l.40CKMMM oco6eHH<;>CTSIMM, cnO>KMBWMMMCSI MCTOpM4eCKM-
MM TpaAMU,MSIMM, MM0IOW,MMM enonHe onpeAeneHHble M
57.
caMoc1osi1e11bHble, OTIH14Hble 01 APYrHx Ka4ecrsa H oco-
6eHHocn1. Co sceM 3THM HY>KHO 06si3a1e11t.Ho C4HTaTbCH
H 3HaTb, A11Sl Toro, 4T06bl HanpaBl1Tb 3TO 4YBCTBO B 06ll.\ee
pycno nOHSITHSl narpHOT-H3Ma, 11106BH K OTe4eCTBy, K HaU,HH,
HCnOl1b3YSl ero .KaK Mory4ee cpeACTBO BOOAywesneHHSl
BOHCK.
CospeMeHHblH 6oi:1 nonHTH4eCKH e.CTb 6oi:1 o6beAHHeH-
HblX HaU,HH, B KOTOpOM npHHl1MalOT y4aCTHe c opy>t<HeM
B pyKax see HapOAbl Hawero CoseTcKoro rocyAapcrsa.
TonbKO cosMeCTHblMH HX yc1-111HS1MH AOCTHraercsi ycnex.
Ka>t<AblH KOMaHAHP AOll>KeH npoHHKHYTbCSl MblCllblO o
6e3yc110BHOH Heo6XOAHMOCTH nosceAHeBHOH, npaKTH4e-
CKOH H npaBHllbHOH pa60Tbl HaA pa3BHTHeM 4YBCTBa naT-
pHOTH3Ma.
CosepweHHO HeAonycTHMO H 04eHb speAHO TaKoe owH-
6o4Hoe H HeBe>KeCTBeHHOe OTHOWeHHe, KOrAa HeKOTOpble
npeACTaBHTellH H3 cpeAHero CllOSl BellHKOH pyccKOH HaU,HH
AYMalOT H OTHOCSITCSI K APYrHM Hau,MeHbWl1HCTBaM, KaK K
lllOAHM «sroporo copra». K co>t<aneHHIO, 3THM caM.blM OHM
ocKop611siio1 B nepsyio 04epeAb, M npe>t<Ae scero, se111-1Koe
AOCTOHHCTBO CBOeH Hau,1-111, MeHSISl rnaseHCTBYIOIJ.\ee senH-
4He BblCOKOH HAeH Ha 3HaMeHH HaU,HH Ha He4HCTOnllOTHYIO
MellKOCTb WOBHHH3Ma. 310 3110 B OTHOWeHHH pycCKHX
rosapHll.\eH KanHHHH Ha3san «pycorsincrsoM».
B npaK1114ecKoi:1 pa601e cneAyer scerAa noMHHTb, 4TO
HM B KOeM c11y4ae He ClleAyeT nyTaTb nOHSITHe HaU,MOHa-
11M3M H HaU,HOHanbHblH AYX, HMeH B BHAYr 4TO nepsblH B
ceoei:i ocHose Hecer aHraroHH3M, a eropoi:i npeAnonaraeT
11106osb H ysa>t<eHHe K APYrMM HapoAaM 4epe3 11io6osb
K CBOeMy HapOAY·
B HeKOTOpblX pecny61111Kax He coxpaHSllOTCSl OCHOBbl
Ha41-10Ha11bHOH KYllbTYPbl H Sl3b1Ka, 4To He Aenaer 4ec11-1 Hx
pyKOBOAHTellSIM H KOMMYHHCTaM B nepsylO 04epeAb, 1-160
MapKCH3M He AonycKaer Mb1c111-1 06 yHH4TO>KeHHH 3TOH
ocHos:b1, a, Hao6opor, npeAno11arae1 pa3BHTHe so scex
OTHOWeHHSIX HaU,HOHallbHOH no cpopMe, COU,Ha/1HCTH4eCKOH
no COAep>t<aHHIO KY 11b1ypb1 e HHTepecax o6ll.\e4e11ose4e-
cK11x, n03TOMY Te, Kl"O AOny<:KaeT pa3Ap0611eH11e 3TOH
OCHOBbl, 3ac11y>KH·BdlOT BCSl4eCKOro OCY>KAeHHSl H cnpaBeA-
11MBOr-O ynpeKa.
3asHCTb - C03HaHHe npesocXOACTBa Apyroro H co-
6crseHHoro 6ecc11111-1si H 1-n1K4eMHOCTH. YcnewHasi Aesi1e11b-
HOC1"b, cpH3H4eCKHe AOCTOHHCTBa, a TdK>Ke MaTepHallbHble
611ara y ApyrHX Bbl3blBalOT 3aBHCTb, TaK KaK Ka>KAOMY
SB
np1-1eyw,1-1 eTpeMneHMe K AesrTenbHOeTM, eaMOMHeHMe M yae-
peHHo.eTb, LITO OH He xy>1<e oeTaJlbHblX.
YenewHasr AeRTellbHOeTb sransreTesr pe3y11bTaTOM npeaoe-
XOAeTea M HaXOAMT eaoe Bblpa>KeHMe B cpopMe enaBbl, M3Be-
eTHOeTM, nonynsrpHoeTM, o6w,eeTaeHHoro BllMRHMR M TOMY
noAo6Horo. Bee 3TO y 3aa1-1eTHMKa Bbl3b10aeT pa3Apa>1<eHMe
M AYWeBHble eTpaAaHHR, MOpallbHblH rHeT, OT KOToporo OH
cTapaeTesr H36aeHTbesr nyTeM yHM>KeHMR eonepHMKa Knea·e-
TOH, paenpoeTpaHeHMeM pa3HblX He6b1111-1u,, 3aMa11L11-1aaHHeM
ero no11e3HOi1 AeRTellbHOeTH H enpaaeA11Meb1x 3ae11yr. 3aeM-
eTHMK no eaoeMy 0611MKY aeerAa HM>Ke Toro, KOMY 3aBMAY-
eT, MJlM, Ha Sl3b1Ke BOeHHblX, AOHOeLIMK M He eTOMT MM3MHU,a
Toro, Ha KOrO AOHOCMT. HaAO npoeepMTb eKopee /lMLIHOeTb
AOHOeLIHKa, LteM L1e11oaeKa, Ha KOTOporo OH AOHee. K eo>1<a-
11eHMIO, y Hae noeTynaioT MHOrAa Hao6opoT.
3aaHeTHMK - npoTMBHasr M apeAHaR cp1-1rypa, oeo6eHHO
a apMMM, TaK KaK OH enoeo6eH Ha He611aropOAHb1e noeTyn-
KM M Aa>Ke npeeTyn11eHMe. ,lJ,a>1<e naeeMaHaSI AeS1Te11bHOeTb
3aBMeTHMKa, Bblpa>1<aiow,asreS1 B 3aMa114MBaHH·M 3ae11yr M aesi-
KMX npensrTeTBMSIX K o6w,eeTBeHHOMY npM3HaHMIO none3HOH
AeRTe11bHOeTM Apyr1-1x, oLteHb epeAHa. 0Ha noH1-1>1<aeT npo-
AYKTMBHOeTb pa6oTbl Ta11aHT 11MBblX i.t · enoeo6HblX 11toAei1,
TeM eaMblM HaHOCMT orpOMHblH epeA Ae11y M o6w,MM
MHTepeeaM.
4eeTOJll06Me B nepeoHaLtaJlbHOM nOHSITMM - 111060Bb K
YeeTH H oeHOBHOH ABMraTellb 00111-1. B OTpMU,aTe/lbHOM noHsr-
TMM - 6e3HpaeeTeeHHoe eTpeMneHMe K e11aee. CTpeM11eH11e
AOeTMLlb noxaa/lbl, M3BeeTHOeTM u,eHOIO 6e3HpaeeTBeHHblX
BblAYMOK, /lO>KHOH AeSITe/lbHOeTblO, npeyae111-1L1eHHeM AeH-
eTBMTeJlbHO npoMeXOAHBWero, BblnSILIMBaHMeM eBOMX 3ae11yr.
EAMHeTeeHHblM epeAeTBOM npoTMB YeeT011io61-1si sis11sieTesi
eypoeaSI enpaBeA/lMBOeTb, yMeHbe TOHKO pa311M4aTb, Haxo-
AMTb M BMAeTb oTeary. Ka>KAOMY L1e1100eKy np1-1cyw,e >1<e11a...
HMe no11yL1MTb OA06peHMe OT eoe11y>1<MBU,eB M Ha4a/lbHMK08
3a ero no11e3HYIO AesrTellbHOCTb. Y AOB/leTeopsiTb 3TO YYB-
eTeo Tpe6yeT enpaaeA11MeoeTb. 0Ho BAOXHOBJlSleT, npMAaeT
3Hepr1-1io, noeb1waeT npOAYKTMBHOeTb pa6oTbl. BeAb Ka>K-
AblH >1<a>1<AeT BHMMaHMSI K ee6e, e011AaT XOLleT 6b1Tb B03Ha-
rpa>KAeHHblM 3a eBOH eTapaHMSI He eTO/lb u,eHHOeTSIMM,
CKOJlb BHMMaHMeM KOMaHAMpa - npeAeTaBMTeJlSI HapoAa,
roeyAapeTBa, KOTOpOMY OH TaK eepHO c11y>1<MT.
CKpOMHee eo11AaTa eyw,ecTea HeT. f>yAbTe YYTKM, BHM-
MaTellbHbl M cnpaeeA1111Bbl K He My. naparpacp 14 noneeoro
ycrasa rpe6yer or 6oi:1u.a orpOMHoro Hanpsu+<eHMSl ecex c11n,
no:noMy KOMaHAMP o6si3aH npOSIBnSITb B 11106blX ycnOBMSIX
3a6ory o HeM. B ycraee 3an11caHo: «3HaH11e ceo11x nOA4H-
HeHHblX, nOCTOSIHHOe nH4HOe o6w,eHHe c HMMH, BHHMaHHe
K. HX 6oeeoi:t >KH3HH, nOABHraM H HY>+<AaM o6ecne4MT
KOMaHAMPY 6oesyt0 cnai:tKy 4aCTM (coeAHHeHMSl) H ycnex
B 6ot0».
N\Horo roeopsir o ronne. 4ro raKoe ronna? Tonna He.
apMHSl, H apMMSl He ro1ma. "1raK, ronna - cKonHw,e ntoAeH.
C6op no pa3nM4HblM npM4HHaM ecneACTBHe pa3HblX
no6y>+<AeHHH.
C6op JltoAeH c onpeAeneHHOH u.enbtO M 3aAa4el:t, c
co6nt0AeHMeM AMCU,HnnHHbl, ycraHoeneHHblX nopSIAKOB M
npaeMn npHHSITO Ha3blBaTb opraHM30BaHHblMM rpynni!IMH,
o6w,ecTBOM, no TOM npOCTOH npM4HHe, 4TO BCSI Aesirenb-:
HOCTb y4aCTHHKOB nnaHOMepHO nOA4MHSleTCSl u.enSIM M 3a-
Aa4aM AaHHoro c6opa, co6paHHSl.
OrcyrcreHe eAMHCrea, u.eneycrpeMneHHOCTM, opraHM30-
eaHHOCTH, CTMXHHHblH c6op Ei CHny HH3KMX. ncMXOnOrH40CKHX
no6y>+<AeHHM, orcyrcre11e SICHOH, eAMHOH u.enH . y4acTHM..,
KOB.- ecrb nOHSITHe «TOnna», cnpaB0AJ1MBO BOWeAwee B
Ha.we C03HaHMe, KaK CMMBOn HeopraHM30BaHHOCTH.
norepsi ynpaeneHHSl, TO eCTb OpraHH3aU,MH, AMCU,HnnMHbl,
cneAOBarenbHO eAHHCTBa H nnaHOMepHOCTM COBM0CTHblX
Aei:tcre11i:t npeepaw,aer nt06yt0 opraHH30BaHHYIO rpynny
ntoAeM e ronny, · 11 6onbwasi rpynna ntoAeM craHOBMTCSl
nerKOH A06bl4eM ManOH no KOnM4ecrey opraHM30BaHHOH
rpynnbr, M np11 nepeoM >1<e y Aape paccbrnaercS1, nHWeHHasi
cn.o.co6HOCTM K conpOTMBneHMIO.
flpaKTMKa y6e>1<Aaer, 4TO HHOrAa repnsir nopa>+<eHHe He
noroMy, 4TO .Mano CMn MnM T0XHMKM, a JlMWb noroMy, .4TO
Her. opraHM30BaHHOCTM, ynpaeneHHSl o61>eAMH.SllOW,HX B eA.H..,
Hoe pycno ycMJ1MSl MHOrMX B AOCTH>KeHMM eAMHOH u.enM, HnM
ynpaeneHMe B CMny KaKMX-TO npM4MH norepSIHO •
.4enoeeK e 3TOM xaoce coeepwaer pllA 6eccMblcneHHblX,
Hen.ocneAOBarenbHblX AeHCTBHH, repsiercsi e ronne, KaK
nM4HOCTb. C03HaHMe, 4TO HaMTM oreercreeHHoro 3a AeSIHMe
ronc1:1b1 HeB03MO>+<HO, nopo>+<Aaer AYPHbre no6y>1<AeHHS1 1 ron,..,
Kaer Ha HapyweHMe AOnra, H.a npecrynneHHe, C03Aaer..
nonHyto 6e3oreercreeHHOCTb, B TO. speMSl KaK B opraHM30-
BatiHOM o6w,ecree 4enoeeK 6osincsi . 6br 3TO coeep(JJMTb.
BBMAY Hecnoco6Hocr1-1 paccy>+<AaTb, ronna nerKoeepHCI
H · eecbMa· nerKo nOAAaercsi eHyweHMIO, no3TOMY enacrHoe,.
60
8011e8oe pacnopsi>KeH11e paccyA11Te11bHoro 4e1108eKa, OT-
AaHHOe c y9epeHHoi1 11HTOHa411ei1 8 ro11oce, 8 cpopMe
6e30T 11araTeJ1bHOro Tpe6o8aHl1SI np1180A11T T011ny K MOMeH-
TaJlbHOMY no811H08eH11t0 8011e 80>KaKa. B eo>KaKe cocpeAO-
TOY118at0TCS1 YM TOJlnbl, 8011SI TOJlnbl, 4YBCTBO TOJlnbl, 4TO
AaeT 6e3ponoTHOe no811H08eH11e.
Ha none 6osi 80>KaK - 4e1108eK Aei1CT811SI, a He pac-
cy>KAeH11si. OH Aei1cT811eM nOA411HSleT 80llt0.
Bo11S1, KaK OCH08HaSI A811>+<yw,asi c1111a, COCTae11S1eT OCHOBY
AeS1Te11bHOCT11, HaXOA11T ce6si 11 pa38118aeTcsi, 06'beA11HS1S1
YaCTHble 801111 8 06w,yt0 c1111y, C03Aa8aSI opraHl14eCKYIO
He3a811Cl1MOCTb 801111 nOA411HeHHblX 80J1e Ha4aJ1bHl1K08, TO
eCTb no811Hyt0w,11xcsi 11 no8e11e8at0w,ero. 06w,asi TeepAasi
8011SI, Bb1pa311TeJ1eM KOTOpoi1 Sl811 sieTC SI KOMaHA11p, AaeT
eceM e03MO>KHOCTb paeHOMepHoro, yeepeHHoro Aei1cTe11si,
nOBblWeHl1SI T8epAOCTl1, CTOHKOCTl1 11 3Hepr1111 B COOTBeT-
CT81111 c o6cTaHOBKOH. .
C11a6asi 8011si KOMaHA11pa 1111waeT nOA411HeHHblX ycToi1-
411eocTH, pa3pywaeT paeHoMepHOCTb Aei1cTe11si, pa3Apo6-
11sieT AYX08Hble c1111b1 11 MaTep11a11bHb1e cpeACT8a 6opb6b1,
C03AaeT 6ecnopsiAOK. C11a6asi eo11si KOMaHA11pa Yaw,e ecero
npOS1811SleTCSI 8 YaCTOH OTMeHe np11Ka30B 111111 HeonpeAe~
11eHHOCTl1, HeKOHKpeTHOCTl1, TyMaHHOCTl1 B pacnopsi>KeHl1SIX
11 1111YHblX Aei1cTe11six.
06w,asi T8epAaS1 eo11si - cnyTHl1K no6eAbl. C11a6asi eo-
11si - npeA8eCTHl1K nopa>KeH11S1. HeAapoM roeop11Tcsi: «11yY-
we 11MeTb CTaAO 6apaHOB nOA KOMaHAOBaH11eM JlbBa, YeM
CTaAO JlbBOB nOA KOMaHA08aHl1eM 6apaHa».
ApM11S1 - rocyAapcTeeHHasi eoopy>+<eHHasi c1111a, opraH11-
3oeaHHasi, A11c411n1111H11poeaHHasi A11SI 3aw,11Tbl rocyAapcTea
OT BHeWHl1X 11 BHyTpeHHl1X 8paroe, rAe AYXOBHble 11 cp11311-
YeCKl1e c1111b1 4e11oeeKa nOA411HeHbl CTporoi1 Al1C411n1111He.
Pa6oTa yMa, yyecTea, 801111 8 apM1111 HaXOASl.T pa3e11T11e
11 nposi811eH11e 8 cne411a11bHOM (eoeHHOM) Hanpae11eH1111
n03HaH11si eoeHHoro Ae11a 11 eb1no11HeH11S1 cne411a11bHb1x eo-
eHHblX o6si3aHHOCTei1. 0606w,eH11e, Hanpae11eHHOCTb 11 4e-
11eycTpeM11eHHOCTb 11IOAei1 B apM1111 KaK opraHl1308aHHOH
CHJlbl 311>+<AeTCSI Ha nOA4HHeHl111 11 KOMaHAOBaHl111, 11MeSI
8 ceoei1 OCHOBe C03HaH11e 8011HCKOrO AOJlra.
ApM11S1 06'beA11HsieT ece YaCTHble 801111 e 06w,yt0 eo11e-
eyt0 c1111y, opraHl14eCKl1 C03Aa8aSI 3a811Cl1MOCTb nOA411HeH-'
HblX OT HaYaJ1bHl1Koe. B apM11H cyw,ecTeyeT o6w,asi eo11si,
8b1pa311TeJ1eM K01'opoi1 sieilsieTCSI KOMaHA11p.
61~
C11eA0BaTe11bHO, apM11S1 - caMaSI c03HaTe11bHaS1 1-1 pa3-
YMHaSI rpynna JllOAeH, KOTopaSI npOHl1KHyTa BblCOKHM!-1,
6JlaropOAHblMl1 4YBCTBaMH, TBepAOH BOJleH, npeKpaCHOH
opraH"130BaHHOCTblO. 3AeCb HeCKOJlbKO CJlOB CKa>Ky 0 TOM,
KaK SI nOHHMalO BOJllO H conyTCTByt0w,11e eH 4YBCTBa.
Bo11S1 - cnoco6HocTb K caMOCTOsiTeJlbHOMY 3ApasoMy
H pa3yMHOMY peweHHIO 11 npoBeAeHl1IO ero B >KH3Hb, TO
ecTb cornacosaHHble AeMCTBHSI yMa 11 4YBCTB, nOA411HeHHe
nOCJleAHHX nepsoMy.
TsepAasi soJlsi 3arnywaeT cTpax, TSl>KeJlble sne4aTJleHHSI
60S1, npeoAonesaeT yToM11eH1-1e, ronoA, xonoA 11 npo41-1e
HeB3rOAbl H cpH3114eCKHe CTpaAaHHSI, nOA4HHSleT ce6e COJl-
AaT, nocblJlaeT ce6S1 11 Apyr1-1x Ha onacHOCTb AJlSI AOCTH>Ke-
Hl1SI u,eJ111. Kopo4e rosopsi, so11S1 ecTb ABHraTenb, cpeACTBO
npeOAOJleHl1SI npenSITCTBl1H Ha nyT"1 K u,e1111.
Xpa6pocTb - yMeHHe secT1-1 ce6si Ha none 6osi B CTpo-
roM COOTBeTCTBHH c 3aHl1MaeMOH AOJl>KHOCTblO, BOHHCKHM
3BaHHeM, o6cTaHOBKOH B HHTepecax B~n011HeHHSI 3aAa411.
06bl4HO npHHSITO nOHl1MaTb nOA xpa6pocTblO He06b1-
4aHHO CHJlbHOe nOBblWeHHe AeSITeJlbHOCTH HepBHOH Cl1CTe-
Mbl, nOAbeM cpH3114eCKHX "1 AYXOBHblX CHJl, 4T06bl AOCT"14b
U,eJlH XOTSI 6bl u,eHOIO Jl"14HOH r116e111-1, 4TO MHe Ka>KeTCSI He
cosceM, He scerAa 11 He se3Ae sepHo. TaKHe AeHCTBHSI Yaw,e
scero OTHOCSITCSI K nOHSITHIO peWHTeJlbHOCTb. CosoKynHOCTb
yMa, BOJlH, 3Hepr1-111, caMoo6naAaHl1 SI, HaCTOH4"1BOCTl1, 11HH-
U,HaTHBbl, pew1-1TeJlbHOCTl1 xapaKTep1-13yt0T nOHSITHe MY-
>t<ecTso.
TpycoCTb - OTCYTCTBHe so1111 1-1 caM006naAaHHS1, scneA-
crs11e Yero - 3a6seH1-1e BOHHCKoro AOnra, 4YBCTBa co6-
CTBeHHoro AOCTOHHCTBa, npOSIBJleH1-1e TeMHblX CTOpOH 11H-
CTHHKTa caMocoxpaHeHHSI.
Hepew1-1TenbHOCTb - KOJle6aH1-1e CHJlbl so111-1, AOBOASl-
w,ee AO pacTepS1HHOCT11 11 6e3AeHCTB11S1·. YcTaB Tpe6yeT 1-1
HacTasnsieT, 4TO nyYwe npHHSITb KaKoe-111-160 peweH1-1e, 4eM
He npeAnpHHHMaTb HH4ero. YnpeKa 3acny>K1-1saeT He TOT,
KTO B CTpeMJleHHH YHH4TO>K"1Tb spara He AOCTHr u,e111-1, a
TOT, KTO, 6osicb OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH, OCTaJlCSI B 6e3AeHCTBl111
"1 He 11cnOJlb30BaJl B HY>KHblH MOMeHT scex Cl-111 "1 cpeACTB
A11SI AOCTH>KeHHSI no6eAbl.
B socn1-1TaH11H Ka4eCTB HacTosiw,ero so11Ha 6oJlbWOe 3Ha-
4eHHe 11.MelOT TpaAHU,HSI 11 AHCU,HnJlHHa.
TpaAHU,11SI - AOKyMeHraJlbHble, cnosecHble npeAaH11S1
62
(nereHAbl) o BOMHCKOH A06necTM B npownoM, B xapaKTepe
AaHHOH "laCTM B HaCTOJl~eM. ·
Hoso6paH4b1 oLteHb socnpMMM"IMBbl 11 sne"larn11TenbHbl,
Ha HMX OLteHb CMnbHO AeHCTBYIOT. npMMepb.1 CTapblX cny>KaK,
pa3rosopb1, paccKa3bl, o6pa3bl 11 BHyweHMe. BcJ1KOMY Lte-
noseKy np11cyli\e >1<enaHMe noApa>KaTb repoJIM. BocnMTaHMe
Ha np11H411nax noApa>1<aHMJ1 npMMepaM repoes npownoro
H HaCTOJl~ero cpopM11pyeT y HOB06paH4a TpaAMU,MOHHble
npeACTaBneHMJI H nOHJITHJI 0 BOMHCKOH A06neCTM H crpeM-
neHHe 6b1Tb He xy>Ke 11 cny>1<6y HeCTM, He xy>Ke LteM ero
npeAWeCTBeHHHKM, 0 KOTOpblX BCnOMMHalOT c 6narOAapHO-
CTblO, paccKa3blBalOT nereHAbl, nOIOT neCHM H B03Bb1Wal0.T
KaK o6pa3.
CoxpaHJITb, yKpennJ1Tb 11 yMHO>KaTb rpaAl:.ilJ,MM - ceJ1rei1-
w1-1i1 AOnr H 06J13aHHOCTb KOMaHAMpa nepeA naMJITblO
npeAWeCTBeHHHKOB, yKpaCMBWMX 3HaMJI cnaeoi1 u,eHOIO
KpOBM H >KM3HM.
BoMHCKasi A06necrb - caMooreep>1<eHHaJ1 pewMMOCTb
OAep>KaTb no6eAy, He CLfMTaJICb HM c "leM. BoMHCKaJI A0-
6necrb cnaraercJ1 M3 AMC411nnMHbl H My>1<ecrea, yMeHbJI,
3AOPOBbJI, cMnb1, 6oApOCTM. BoeHaLtanbHMK AOn>KeH crpe-
MMTbCSI c6epeLtb >KMBYIO CMny M MCITepHanbHble cpeACTBa,
TO eCTb coxpaHMTb MopanbHyto, MaTepHanbHYIO H <f>M3HLfe-
CKYIO 6oecnoco6Hocrb np11 peweHMM 6oeeblX 3aAaLf c Ha-
MMeHbWMMM norepJIMM.
A1-1cu,1-1nnMHa - o6'beAMHeHMe ecex cMn nOALfMHeHHblX Ha
noLtee AOnra. Co3HaHMe "lyscrea eo11Ha C03AaercJ1 eocn11-
TaHMeM y COnAaTa >KenaHMJI OTnM"IMTbCJI 6e3ynpeLtHblM Bbl'-
nonHeHMeM cny>1<e6HblX 06J13aHHocrei1, eecenbeM, 6oApO-
CTbto, nOA'beMOM 3Hepr1111, onpJITHOCTbto, nOATJIHYTOCTbto,
KaK npM3HaKaMM BHyrpeHHeH co6creeHHOCTM, BHeWHMM
6neCKOM, KaK npM3HaKOM nto6e11 K "leCTM, AMCU,MnnMHMpO-
BaHHOCTblO KaK npM3HaKoM sepHOCTM AOnry, ee>1<n11socrbto,
KaK npM3HaKOM 6naropOACTBa, BCnblnbLfMBOCTblO, KaK npM-
3HaKOM peWMTenbHOCTM, 3aAOpOM, KaK npM3HaKOM CMeno-
CTM, ynpJIMCTBOM, KaK npM3HaKOM BOnM H CTOHKOCTM, ca-
MOBnl06neHHOCTblO, KaK npM3HaKOM nto6BM H "leCTM •
• • •
YM AaH MHOrMM, a cepAu,e He eceM. HaAO caM/DMY
oco3HaTb 11 pa3'bJICHJITb ApyrMM, "ITO eoi1Ha noMewana
MHOrMM BblHTH Ha WMpOKyto AOpory CLfaCTnMBOH, C03MAa-
63
TeJlbHOM TBOp4eCKOM >KH3HH, 3a4epKHYB Me4Tbl MOJlOAOCTH,
TaK AOXOA4HBO, 4T06 B cepAu.ax Ka>KAOfO rope110 >1<e11aHHe
e 11106yio MHHYTY 6b1Tb roTOBblM K nOABHraM H caMono-
>1<epTeoeaH1110, 6e3 pa3AYMbSI H CO>KaJleHHSI, eCJlH 3TOro
noTpe6yeT o6CTaHOBKa.
KoMaHAHP KpOBHO CBSl3aH c COilAaTaMH, KOTOpblX OH
BeAeT B 6011, H BCeM (11 no6eAOM) OH o6st3aH HM, n03TOMY
Ha HHX OH AOJl>KeH CMOTpeTb npe>t<Ae ecero KaK Ha 6oeBblX
APY3ei:1, 6b1Tb eo>1<aKOM, 6oi1u,oM 6011bwol:1 AYWH, CHJlbHOM
BOJlH.
r JlaBHOe B 6oeeoi1 Apy>1<6e - B3aHMOnOHHMaHHe, yea-
>KeHHe 4e11oee4ecKoro AOCTOHHCTBa, CTpeMJleHHe cnpaBeA-
JlHBO B03BblCHTb nOABHfl1 TOeap11w.a, TeM caMblM caMOMY
nOAHS1TbCS1 AO 6011bw1-1x repo114ecKHX Ae11.
Y KOMaHAHpa MHOfO o6st3aHHOCTeM. r11aeHaS1 113 HHX -
eocnHTaHHe H yCTaHoe11eH11e APY>K6b1 6ol:1u,oe 11 yKpen11eH11e
Toeap11w.ecKHX y3 1 cnai:1Ka noApa3Ae11eHHS1. C1111a 4acTH e
6oeeol:1 Apy>1<6e, Toeap1-1w.ecKoi1 cnai1Ke.
51 AaJl KpaTKHe onpeAeJleHHSI BCeM 3THM 3JleMeHTapHblM

nOHSITHSIM. 0HH 6yAyT AOn011HeHbl npHMepaMH H3 6oeBOM
>KH3HH H npH Heo6xOA11MOCTH - KOMMeHTap1-1S1MH. A noKa
CAeJlalO KpaTKHM BblBOA 060 BCeM CKa3aHHOM.
1. YM - n03HaeT, BblSICHsteT, AaeT 3aAa4y, n11aH11pyeT,
yKa3blBaeT cnoco6bl "1 MeTOAbl AeMCTBHSI H cpeACTBa K
AOCTH>KeHHIO u,e1111.
2. Bo11si - np11BOAHT e AeMCTBHe cpeACTea, Bbm011HsieT
pacnopsi>t<eHHe, nOAAep>t<HeaeT 3HeprHIO, TO eCTb, BOJlSI
eCTb C04eTaHHe: cnoco6HOCTH ·caMOCTOSITeJlbHOro peweHHSI,
cnoco6HOCTl1 npaKTH4eCKOrO npoeeAeHHSI B >KH3Hb npHHSl-
TOro peweH11S1.
3. 4yecTBO - yee1111'111eaeT no11e3HYIO AestTeJlbHOCTb, no-
BblwaeT HJlH nOHH>1<aeT npOAYKTHBHOCTb pa60Tbl AO BblCWe-
ro HanpS1>1<eHHSI HJ1"1 ynaAKa, 6e3AeMCTBHSI.
4. CoeecTb - CYAHT o TOM, e KaKOM Mepe ebmo11HeH
A011r, ebl3b1eaeT AyweeHoe cocTOstHHe 11 AesiTeJlbHOCTb -
yee11114eH11e 111111 yMeHbWeHHe 3HeprHH, KaK CJleACTBHe,
60APOCTb (ropAOCTb), 'IYBCTBO C03HaHHSI BblnOJlHeHHOro AO-
nra HJlH yrHeTeHHe, nOAaeneHHOCTb yrpb13eHHeM COBeCTH
nOA TSl>l<eCTblO CTblAa 3a HeBblnOJlHeHHblM AOJ1r •.
64
.. • •
KaK11M A011>1<eH 6b1Tb KOMaHA11p, oqmu.ep? 0¢11u.epb1
AeJlSITCSI B. OCHOBHOM Ha- TPH KaTerop1111. 51 HMetO B _B11AY
,cTpoeab1x, a He unaTcK11x a eoeHHOH cpopMe, KOTOpb1e TO>Ke
,HOCSIT noroHbl. lllrnK: ocp114epb1 61111>KHero 6osi; ocp114epb1
.TaKT11LtecKoro. coo6pa>KeH11S1 11 Ha3HaLteH11si; 0¢114epb1 (re-
-Hepa11b1) cnepaTl1BHOro MblWJleHl1SI 11 Ha3HaLteHl1SI.
B eoeHHOH 1111TepaType Bbl TaKoro pa3Ae11eH11S1 0¢11u.e-
poe no KaTeropHSIM He HaHAeTe, BO BCSIKOM cnyLtae, SI He
aCTpeLta11. Mo>+<.eT 6b1'tb, :no rpy6o, OAH.aKo TaK MO>KHO
pacnpeAe1111Tb. Ka>+<.AblH ocp114ep 113 3TOH rpynnb1 11MeeT
caoe MecTo e 6oeeoM nopS1AKe, ceoe MecTo . e 6ot0.
Pa3H1-14a 3aK11t0LtaeTcS1 e MacwTa6ax pyKOBOACTBa, e coo6-
pa>+<.eH11S1x 11 Ha3HaLteH11six a c11y>1<6e. ,ll,11S1 KaKoro o6beMa
Aell 0¢1-1u.ep npeAHa3HaLteH, KaKOB Kpyr ero 06S13aHHOCTeH.
KoMaHA11P - M03r eoHcK, opraH113aTop 6osi, TBope4
no6eA. KorAa si n11wy 111111 roeopt0 o KOMaHA11pe, SI. xo4y
AOKa3aTb, 4TO KOMaHAl-1P - TBOpLteCKaSI Jll14HOCTb. Mbl Ha-
,3b1eaeM 1111TepaTopoe, XYAO>KHl1KOB, KOMno311Topoe 11t0Ab-
Ml1 TBOpLtecKoro TPYAa, HO TaK KaK Mb.1 roeop11M, 4TO 6oH
.11 BOHHa 3TO He TO/lbKO HayKa, HO 11 HCKYCCTBO, TO no4eMy
opraHl13aTOp 3TOro 11CKYCCTBa He SIB/lSleTCSI TBOp40M, no-
4eMy Mbl ero He Ha30BeM TBOp4eCKl1M 4e/lOBeK,a. 111 Ha
_caMOM Aene, KOMaHAHP - 3TO 4e11oeeK TBOp4eCKoro Tpy-
.Aa. OTBara KOMaHAHpa - e ero yMe 11 Hen0Ko11e611MOH,
HenpeK/lOHHOH BO/le.
CpeA11 npo411x 3aHS1T11H KOMaHA11pa rnaeHoe: AYMaTb,
AYMaTb 11 AYMaTb. Ocp11u.ep A011>1<eH 6b1Tb He CTOJlbKO
COllAaTOM Kylla4Horo 6osi, CKOJlbKO COJlAaTOM yMa. KaK
r11ac11T Ka3axcKasi noroeopKa, «WTblKOM y6beWb OAHOro,
a yMoM Tb1csi41111.
OcHosHasi o6si3aHHOCTb KOMaHA11pa AO 6osi - np11e11-
eaTb My>1<ecTeo ceo11M nOA4HHeHHblM-. OcHOBHasi 06S13aH-
.HOCTb KOMaHA11pa B 6ot0 - He YM11paTb, a BblnOJlHSITb
.nocraa11eHHyt0 6oeeyt0 3aAa4y, 3KOHOMHO pacXOAYSI AllSI
3Toro see nOABnacrHoe eMy, coo6pa3HO o6craHOBKe, c
y4eTOM pea/lbHblX Cl1Jl 11 B03MO>f<HOCTeH, c Ha1160JlbWl1M
Hanpsi>KeH11eM 3Hepr1111.
,ll,eHCTBl1SI KOMaHA11pa ecerAa AO/l>KHbl pernaMeHT11pO-
BaTbCSI, C04eTaSI B ce6e: c11y>Ke6Hyt0 Heo6XOAHMOCTbi 06-
_w,y.t0 u.e11ecoo6pa3HOCT,b (He TOilbKO c T04KH 3peHl1SI Bbl-
3 -148
65
rOAbl AI1SI ceoeH 4aCTl1 IAJllA nOApa3Ae11eHIASI, HO IA AI1S1
ApyrlAX 4aCTeH); J11A4HYIO 3alAHTepecoeaHHOCTb (si IAMelO B
BIAAY c11y>1<e6Hyt0 3alAHTepecoeaHHOCTb), ec111A KO~aHAIAP He
3alAHTepecoeaH e npoeeAeHIAIA Toro 1A111A IAHoro 3aAaHIASI,
TO He BJlO>KIAT B Hero BCIO CBOIO ,D,ywy. .
KoMaHAIAP He MO>KeT 6b1Tb OAH03Ha4HblM, Heco111AAHblM
4e11oeeKOM,· OH AOJl>KeH r11y60KO nOHIAMaTb, 4TO TaKoe
c11y>1<e6Hoe CaMOJ11061Ae IA ce6si11t061Ae, OH AOJl>KeH OT JllA4aTb
c11y>1<e6HblH 3rOIA3M OT 111A4Horo 3rOIA3Ma. Ha ero eoopy-
>t<eHIAIA AOil>KHO COCTOHTb npocTOe 6oeeoe CJlOBO, 3aAeea-
iow,ee 3a >KIABOe COJlAaT ceoeH npaBAIABOCTblO, 3aAyWeBHOH
npOCJOTOH. noMHIATe Ka3aXCKYIO· noroeopKy: «C03 cyHeK-
TeH, TaHSll< eTTeH eTeAi».- «0CTpoe CJlOBO - pa31AT, a na11-
Ka TOJlbKO 6beT». npoCTOTa 6b1eaeT: npOCTOTa B OAHOM
c11y4ae - rny61AHa, e ApyroM - nycTOTa; IAHa4e: npocT Aa
yMeH, 11111A npocT Aa rnyn. 51 1AMe10 e BIAAY nepeoe.
KoMaHAIAP A011>1<eH 4yecTeoeaTb eo3110>1<eHHYIO Ha Hero
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb, He. 3aw,11w,aTb 4aCTHble IAHTepeCbl BHe
IAHTepecoe 06w,1Ax. KoMaHAIAP He AOil>t<eH 6b1Tb HIA 6e3pac-
CYAHO pew1ATe11bHblM, HH paccy A11Te11bHblM 6e3 pew1ATe11b-
HOCT1A, OAH060KOCTb - nopoK ocf>1Au,epa. KoMaHAIAP AO,.
11>1<eH co4eTaTb e ce6e 3TIA Ka4ecTea. Ha ceo1A 11114Hb1e
AOCTOIAHCTBa OH AOll>KeH CMOTpeTb 4epe3 np1A3MY KplATIAKIA.
KoMaHAIAP AOil>t<eH yMe110 np1AMeHS1Tb ece Mepb1 B03AeH-
CTBIASI Ha 6oHu,a, He YHIA>KaSI ero 4e11oee4eCKOro AOCTOIAH-
CTea, AeHCTBYSI Ha ero 4YBCTea, coeeCTb, nCIAXIAKy, a 3TO
u,enoe IACKYCCTBO, K OBJlaAeHIAIO KOTOporo AOJl>KeH CTpe-
MIATbCSI 11t060H 3ApasOMblCI1SIW,IAH KOMaHAIAp. Co11AaT A0-
11>1<eH 6b1Tb e u,eHTpe ero eH1-1MaH1AS1. Ocf>1Au,ep AOil>t<eH 3Hal'b
ero HY>KAbl, AYWY conAaTa. KorAa SI rosopio o HY>t<Ae,
TO IAMelO B BIAAY He n1ATaH1Ae, He MaTep1Aa11bHYIO CTopoHy,
a AYWY 4e11oeeKa, yMeJlblH noAXOA K HeMy. C11eAOBaTe11b-
HO, KOMaHAIAP AOJl>KeH pa6oTaTb YMOM - AIACU,IAnillAHHpO-
eaHHO, HaCTOH41ABO, nocneAOBaTeJlbHO IA u,eneycTpeMJleHHO.
TparlA4eCKIAe MOMeHTbl BOHHbl Tpe6ytoT OT KOMaHAHpa cy-
poeocTIA IA 6ecnow.aAHOCH1 KO BCSIKOMY HenOBIAHOBeHIAIO
IA 6ecnopsiAKy. BoHHa He repnlAT 6ecnopsiAKa IA Henoe11Ho-
seii11si. CypoeocTb AOil>KHa AOXOAIATb AO CMepn:toH Ka3HIA
BIAHOBHIAKa, 6e3 K011e6aHHH, ecn11 3TOro OH 3ac11y>1<1AJ1. 3ro
caMoe ryMaHHOe IA caMoe 4e11oee4Hoe, a He cyMacwecrs1Ae.
He rnaAIATb >Ke no ronoeKe 4enoeeKa, KOTOpb1H Aonyc11A11
HeB03MO>KHble eew,IA - rpycocrb 1A111A IA3MeHy. noraKa-
HIAe - c11a60CTb.
Y61AeaTb TPYAHee, 4eM yM11paTb caMoMy. KorAa pac-
66
c1pen1-1eaewb 1pyca 1-1n1-1 J.13MeHHJ.1Ka J.13 ceo1-1x - :no 04eHb
TSl>+<eno, 1-1 e KOMaHA1-1pe-4enoeeKe npo1-1cXOAl1T y>1<acHaS1
eHy1peHHS1S1 6opb6a. 4enoeeK, npeoAonee psiA eHy1peHH11x
11 BHeUJH11x TPYAHOCTeH, np11XOAl1T K BblBOAY o pacc1pe-
11e - ::no caMblH 'tpar114ecK11t:i MOMeHT, AIISI coeepweHl1SI
K<;>Toporo HY>l<HO My>1<ec1eo.
C1porocTb 11 1pe6oea1enbHOCTb . KOMaHA11pa AOil>+<Hbl
6b1Tb OCMblCileHHblMl1, a Eicsilrne CIIOBeCHble HOTau,1111, 0Kp11K
He siensit01csi c1porocTbt0 1 a caMOAYPCTBOM. C1porocTb 11
rpe6oeaTeflbHOCTb AOll>KHbl 6b1Tb cnpaeeA1111BblMl1, He Bbl-
XOASll.1.\11Ml1 3a paMKl1 rpa>+<AaHCKOro noBeAeHl1Sl, B011HCKoro
TaKTa, Hl1 B KOeM cny4ae He YHl1>Kal01.1.\11Ml1 AOCTOl1HCTBa
4enoeeKa-conAaTa.
l'ITaK, KOMaHAl1P SlBIISleTCSl eocn1-11a1eneM C011AaTCKl1X
Mace, OH A011>1<eH np11Aep>+<11eaTbCS1 npae1111a: y411 He rHe-
BOM, a YMOM. 4eM npOAHKTOBaHO 3TO npaBl1IIO? nonaAa-
IOTC si 1aK11e 11t0A11, KOTOpb1e np1-1eb1K1111 Y411Tb rHeeoM. Ec1111
y 60H4a He ece e nopsiAKe, HaY11Hat0T Ha Hero Kp114aTb
11 OCKop6nSITb. npaBAa, HHOrAa · 11 6e3 Kp11Ka He o60HTl1Cb
11 He A06111bcsi >1<enaeMoro, HO ece :no HY>l<HO AenaTb
OCMbJcneHHO. Bo1 01ct0Aa 11 BblBOA: Y4HTb HaAO yMoM, a He
rHeBOM.
Ka>+<AblH conAaT HY>+<Aae1csi e 1en.~0M cnoee 3a ceo1-1
c1apaH11S1. C11eAdea1enbHO, KOMaHAJ.1P AOn>+<eH np1-1Aep>+<11'-
aaTbCS1 npae1111a: He xean111b 6e3 Mepb1 11 He rep3aTb 6e3
a11Hb1. lfl3 Yero 11CXOAl1T 3TO npae11no? Ec1111 xeanl1Wb 4e-
11oeeKa, 3Ha411T, OH np1-106pe1ae1 cnaey; Ho c.r.aea 11Mee1
ABOSIKl1H xapaKTep: A11Sl rnynblX - cnoco6cTByeT CTaTb
KpyrnblM AYPClKOM, A11Sl YMHblX cnaea - 60I1bWOH TSl>KeflblH
rpy3.
Ecn11 4enoeeK np1-106pe11 KaKyt0-10 113eecTHOCTb, c11eAO-
ea1enbHO, OH npeepal.1.\aeTcSl e o6pa3, e 4enoeeKa, KOTo-
poMy ere co6c1aeHHOe «Sl» y>Ke He np11HaAne>K11T. Bee
BHl1MaH11e OH AOn>+<eH y,o.enSITb AOnry, a Ill14HOe AIISI Hero,
AO HeK01opoi1 c1eneH11, nepecraeT cyl.1.\ec1soearb. Bnacrb
ro>+<e onacHa. Ecn11 enaCTb ,o.aHa YMHOMY - YMHblH pyKo-
ao,o.111enb, ecn11 rnynoMy - caMOAyp, oco6eHHO onacHb1i1
Ha eoHHe.
6bl11 TaKOi1 cny4aH, Kor,o.a OAHH CTapW11H IleHTeHaHT,
AeHCTBYSl B TblIIY npOTl1BHHKa, 4aCT"14HO Bbln011Hlotfl 3.aAaH11e.
cPaMHill1Sl ero N,ansip4yK, a ero npo3ea1111 «3po611na»,
nOTOMY 4TO OH, AaBaSI AOHeCeH11Sl, roeop11n TaK: «3po611I1bl
Tp11 6n11HAa>+<l1B». 3aAaH11e-TO OH Bbln011Hl111, OAHaKO, eep-
67
HYllCSI, OCTaBl1B HeCKOJ.lbKHX 60HU,OB 113 CBO.erp nOApa3Ae-
11eHl1SI B TblllY npOTl1BHl1Ka. 4acJb H3 Hl1X npl1MKHy11a nOTOM
K. · rtapTH3aHaM, KaK co11AaT OH cosepw1-111 nOAB11r, a KaK
KOM·aHA11P - npecTyn11eHHe. Ho XOTSI. 3TOT JleHTeHaHT 6bl11
He COBCeM pa3Bl1TblM 4e11oeeKOM, ero np11·WJ10Cb HarpaA11Tb
MeAallblO cc3a oTsary». E~1111 6b1 3T.o 6b111 HaCTOSIU,\HH 0¢+1-
u.ep, TO SI, KOHe4HO, 0Tnpae1111 6b1 era e wTpa¢HOH 6a-
Ta11bOH, a TaK KaK OH 6bl11 cc3po61111a», TO SI. eM y npocTHJl,
Haw cc3po61-111a» - nnoxoH neHTeHaHT; ·oH Aa>t<e Tonorpa-
¢1-111 He 3HaJ1. y Hero He 6blJ10 npeACTaB11eHl1SI 0 MaCWTa6e
KapTbl, OH coeepweHHO He MOr opHeHTHpoeaTbCSI no KOM-
nacy. OH sb1no11H1-111 3aAaHHe, YHH4To>1<1111 npOTHBHHKa, HO
r;o.e OH 6b1Jl - no KapTe noKa3aTb He CMOr. OH ·e110>KHJ1
B 3TO Ae110 BCIO ceoio AYWY, see, K 4eMy 6b111 cnoco6eH,
a npeA'bSIBHTb eMy o6BHHeHHe B TOM, 4TO OH He 3HaeT
Tonorpacp1-111, 4TO He TOJlbKO no KOMnacy, HO H no 3Be3AaM
eMy He BblBeCTH 4aCTb - SI He MOr. no3TOMY SI CKa3a11:
t<EC11H OH nopS1A04HblH CTapWHH 11eHTeHaHT, TO OH 3ac11y-
·>K11saeT AHCU,HnllHHapHoro 6aTaJlbOHa, a pa3 OH TaKOH H
eCTb, TO 3a xpa6pOCTb OH 3ac11y>t<11eaeT HarpaAy 3a CBOH
nOABHr, KaK COllAaT».
KoMaHAHP AOn>+<eH yMeTb B03AeHcTsosaTb Ha cosecTb
co11AaTa, no6y>1<AaTb ero K 6naropOAHblM nopb1eaM, Y4HTb
H yMeTb y411TbCS1 y nOA4HHeHHoro. 3To SI nOA4epKHBalO
nOTOMy, 4TO MHOrHe Ha4aJlbHHKH, He TOJlbKO BOeHHble,
MO>KeT 6b1Tb, H rpa>KAaHCKHe, C4HTalOT HH>t<e csoero AO-
CTOHHCTBa Y4HTbCSI y Mace. A11S1 KOMaHAHpa ero noApa3-
Ae11eHHe S1B11S1eTcS1 aKaAeMHeH. Moe noApa3Ae11eH1o1e, MOH
no11K 6b11111 MOeH aKaAeMHeH. Co11AaTcKaS1 Macca 3TO HapoA,
H sno11He c110>1<HBWHHCS1. Co11AaT roeopHT YMHble c11osa,
K HeMy HaAo np1-1c11yw1-1eaTbCS1 1 ero HaAO He TOllbKO Y4HTb,
HO 11 y Hero Y4HTbCSI. A11S1 KOMaHAHpa onblT ceroAHSIWHeH
HeyAa4H AOn>KeH cTaTb npeAeecTHHKOM 3aeTpawH11x YAa4,
TO eCTb, ec11H cerOAHSI Bbl n0Tepne1111 HeyAa4y, HaHAHTe
npH4HHbl 3TOMy, 4T06bl B CJleAylOU,\HH pa3 ow1-161<y He
nosTOpHTb. To >Ke caMoe - nocne yAa4Horo 6osr. KoMaH-
Al1P AOJl>t<eH BOCnHTblBaTb CBOHX nOA4HHeHHblX, npHAep>KH-
easrcb npaea-tna: ccHe Topona-tcb yMa-tpaTb, a Y4HCb eoeeaTb».
Boiosr, Y4HCb, 3aKa11S1HCS1 H My>+<aH. TaKoe 4YBCTBO KOMaHAHP
AOn>t<eH eocnHTblBaTb y CB011X nOA4HHeHHblX.
JlH4HblH npHMep B 6010. no 3TOMY BOnpocy He TOJlbKO
y ApyrHX, HO H y Hae, ·eoeHHblX, MHOro pa311H4HblX T04eK
3peHHSI, H3-3a 4ero Mbl noTepS111H HeMa110 HaWHX KaApOB.
3To 6blJ10 H BO ecex. npeAblAYL!.\HX BOHHax.
68
SI y>1<e roeop•rn, 4TO 06S13aHHOCTb KOMaHA1-1pa He yM1-1-
paTb, a BblnOJlHSITb noCTae11eHHYIO nepeA H"1M 6oeeyio
3aAa4y. Mbr e ·HaYa11e. eOHHbl .1-1Me111-1 HeHy>t<Hble >1<epTeb1.
4TO >Ke TaKoe J1"14HblH np1-1Mep? 3TO cpeACTBO; ynpae-
JleHJ-ISI "1 B03AeHCTB"1SI . Ha 6oi:14a "1 Ha nOApa3AeJ1eH1-1e.
Jl1-14HblH np1-1Mep np1-13breaeT: «,ll,e11ai:I TaK, KaK SI. Ae11at0».
,ll,aAHM c11eAY'°u.\Yt0 cpopMy111-1poeKy: 11H4HblH npHMep ecTb
cpeACTBO ynpae11eHHSI B 6ot0 H onpaBAbleaeTCSI OH J1"1Wb
e TOM c11y4ae, KOrAa AeHCTBHTeJlbHO Heo6xoAHM" OH AO-
n>KeH 6b1Tb 3apa3HTeJ1eH csoeH KpH4au.\eH AeMOHCTpaT"1B-
HOCTblO H AeHCTBOBaTb HaeepHSIKa; ye11eKaS1· 3a co6oH
OCTaJlbHblX.
Jl1-14HblH npHMep - :no "1HHu,1-1aT1-1ea. SI 3AeCb HeMHOro
OTKJlOHIOCb. Jle>t<HT poTa, IltoAeH HaAO nOAHSITb B aTaKy.
flpOT"1BHHK He1-136e>1<HO BCTpeT"1T OrHeM, OrHeBblM. u.\HTOM.
KoMaHAHP noAaeT KOMaHAy: «B aTaKy, enepeAl» SI noKa He
BCTpe4aJ1 TaKoro, 4T06br JllOAH cpa3y nOAHS!Jl.HCb no KO-
MaHAe H now111-1 e aTaKy. 1-1 :no eno11He 3aKOHOMepHo: KOMY
X04eTCSI yM1-1paTb? noAHSITb IllOAeH B aTaKy - :no CaMoe
TPYAHOe. CTOHT nOAHSITbCSI TOilbKO OAHOMY CMeJ1b4aKy, M
nOAH"1MeTcS1 ec~ poTa. KoHe4HO, KOrAa "1AYT e aTaKy - . ecsi
·poTa CMe11aS1, HO KTO CMe11ee? ToT, KTO nOAHSIJlCSI nepBblM.
l-1cxOASI "13 :noro, CJleAyeT cpopMy1111poeKa: HHHL\MaTHB.a -
BO>KaK CMeJlOCTJ-1. y COilAaT 6breaeT CTaAHOe 4YBCTBO, KO,-
TOpoe MHOr1-1e npe31-1pat0T. A SI C4"1TatO, 4TO B TaKOM c11y4ae
:no 611aropOAHaS1 YepTa 6oeeoro COApy>1<ecTea K01111eKT1-1ea.
ToT, KTO nepebrH no·AH"1MaeTCSI e aTaKy, HeCMOTpSI H.a
CMepTeJlbHYIO onacHOCTb, TOMY 06S13aHbl ycnexoM, KOTopo,-
ro A061-111acb poTa. Mo>t<eT 6brTb, OH caM e 3TOH aTaKe
H"1KOro "1 He y6beT, HO OH nOAHSIJlCSI nepe~H H ero HaAO
3a 3TO HarpaA"1Tb noTOMy, 4TO AeJlO He B TOM, CKOJlbKO
eparoe OH 3aKOJ10J1 B 3TOH aTaKe, a B TOM, 4TO OH noKa3aJ1
np1-1Mep, nOAH"1MaSICb nepBblM, TeM caMblM ye11eKa11 3a
co6oi:r OCTaJlbHblX. KoHe4HO, CTblAHO OTCTaBaTb OT Hero, H
OCTaJlbHble nOAHHMYTCSI H nOHAYT B aTaKy. 1-1 Aa>Ke TOT, KTO
coeepw1-111 repo1-1YeCKHH nocTynoK y>t<e e aTaKe, TOT TaK>Ke
06S13aH nepeoMy nOAHsteweMycS1. Ec111-1 I1"14HblH npHMep H.e
SIBJlSleTCSI 3apa3"1TeJ1bHblM, TO 3TO He J1H4HblH npHMep, OH He
Hy>t<eH nOTOMy, 4TO CBOIO 4e11b He OnpaBAblBaeT, noKa31;>1-
BaTb TaKOH J1H4HblH npHMep KOMaHAHPY He CJleAyeT, pH-
CKOBaTb eMy He HY>KHO. Ec11H KOMaHAHP npH 3TOM norH-
6aeT, TO MO>KHO CKa3aTb TOJlbKO, 4TO nor1-16 OH no r11ynOCTH,
nOTOMY . 4TO He 6blJ10 He06XOA"1MOCTH noKa3blBaTb TaKOH
npHMep, a OH ye11eKCS1 H He onpaeAa11 ceoero
69
Ha3Ha4eHMSI. 0TCIOAa ablaOA - oco6eHHOCTb JlM4HOro npM-
Mepa a 6oio: KOMaHAMP AOJl>KeH 6b1Tb OCTOpO>+<HblM H
noKa3aTb np11Mep TaK, 4T06b1 ace ero aHAe1111 M TOrAa,
KOrAa :no Heo6XOAMMO. .
OcHoay pyKoaOACTaa M ynpaaneH!-fSI aol1cKaMM (npaaAa,
:no CJlMWKOM rpOMKO CKa3aHo) COCTaanSleT 6opb6a c He-
noaMHoaeHMeM. HenerKo cTaTb HaCTOSIUJ.MM conAaToM, HO
H KOMaHAMPY HenerKO . AMCU,MnllMHMpoaaTb aOHCKO, a ao-
eaaTb ei11e TPYAHee. noKOpHOCTb a CTpOIO He rapaHTMpyeT
OT cny4aea HenoaHHoaeHMSI a 6oio. ConpoT11aneH11e 6yAeT
npOSIBJlSITbCSI Ha Ka>t<AOM wary M no3TOMY KOMaHAMP no;..
CTOSIHHO AOJl>KeH Aep>KaTb caolO 4aCTb a co6paHHOM aMAe,
KaK roaopSIT KaaanepMCTbl: «Co6paTb KOHSI». TOT, KTO Ha-
AeeTCSI, 4TO K HeMy lllOAM np11w1111 AMcu,11n1111H11poaaHHblMH
11 ace a nopS1AKe, TOT ow116aeTcS1 - 3TO ew,e He ace.
roaOpSI 0 6opb6e C HenOaMHOaeHMeM, SI nOHMMalO CJlOaO
conpoTManeHMe. He KaK «6yHT», a 6onee WHpOKO.
Bo a3aMMOOTHoweHMSIX KOMaHAMpa c nOA4MHeHHblMH
eMy nt0AbMM He AOll>KHO 6b1Tb 311eMeHTOa AeMoKpaTM3Ma,
TO eCTb Me>f<AY noaeneaalOW,MM M noaMHYIOW.MMCSI MO>KeT
cyw,ecTaoaaTb TOJlbKO TaK Ha3blaaeMblH JlO>KHblH AeMOKpa-
TM3M, OH. COBCeM He Hy>KeH MMeHHO a apMMM. PacnopSl>Ke-
HMe KOMaHAMpa (npMKa3) - :no OCHOaa nOA4HHeHMSI.
HM4TO TaK apeAHO He 0Tpa>1<aeTCS1 Ha c11y>1<6e, KaK
cna6aSI KOMaHAa. KaK OTAaeTCSI KOMaHAa (npMKa3), TaK OHa
H abmO.llHS1eTCS1. C11a6aS1 KOMaHAa 111111 pacnopS1>+<eH11e, 6e3
yaepeHHOCTH a ronoce, He AaeT n04TM HMKaKMX pe3y11bTa-
TOa. KorAa SI OTAalO KOMaHAYr SI CMOTPIO COJlAaTy a rna3a,
4T06bl nOHSITb, HaCKOJlbKO AO Hero AOWJla MOSI KOMaHAa,
MOH npMKa3 M KaK OHH 6yAyT ablnOJlHeHbl. no ab1pa>1<eHMIO
rna3 COJlAaTa SI Mory nOHSITb, KaK OH ablnOJlHMT KOMaH-
AY - npocro TaK MnM c paeHHeM M >1<enaHMeM.
He noi1MMTe MeHSI TaK, 4TO 3Ta KOMaHAa AOJl>KHa 6b1Tb
TaKOH >Ke, KaK «Hanpaao» M . «Haneao», SI MMelO a aM·Ay
wMpoKMH CMb1c11 cnoea «KOMaHAa». Beeb ycnex a 6ot0
3aaMCMT OT yaepeHHOCTM KOMaHAMpa, HO KOMaHAMp, npe-
>KAe 4eM OTAaTb npMKa3, AOJl>+<eH caM rny6oKO OCMblCJlMTb
ero, acecropOHHe npo,iwMaTb, HaCKOJlbKO OH He06XOAMM.
noA4MHeHHblH >Ke AOJl>KeH 6b1Tb y6e>1<AeH a HenpeKJlOHHO'-
CTM KOMaHAMpa npM ablnOJlHeHMM nony4eHHOrO npMKa3a.
B · apMMM AllSI Toro, 4T06b1 noeeneeaTb, HY>KHO caMoMy
yMeTb nOBMHOBaTbCSI M, npe>+<Ae acero, pa3yMy M Tpe6o-
aaHMSIM cny>+<6b1.
70
Heo6AyMaHHOe _c11oso KOMaHAHpa HHOrAa .o6xoAHTCSI
CllHWKOM . AOporo no11Ky .. BoT SI, no11KOSHHK, -KOMaHAHP
no11Ka, 4TO MHe CTOHT KpHKHYTb «Tpesora», a seAb npHAYT
s ASH>KeHHe 6011bwe TblCSl4H lllOAeH, 0603, JlOWaAH; ap-
nm11epHS1... . . .
ob111 y MeHsi OAHH KOMaHAHP 6aTa11bOHa. PaccKa>Ky o
HeM. HaKaHyHe np1-1e3>1<a11 KoMaHAYIOU\HH. B 41-1c11e APYrHX
6b1111-1 Harpa>1<AeHbl ASa KOM6aTa: OAHH-'-- YMHblH, APY-
roi;t - 11erKOMb1c11eHHblH. 3a y>1<1-1HOM 11erKOMb1c11eHHblH Ha
paAOCTSIX sbrn1-111. 3aMeTHS, 4TO OH «nOA Myxoi1», SI npeA110-
>1<1-111 eMy OTnpaSHTbCSI AOMOH. np11exae Ha Mecro, OH pe-
WHJl npoeepHTb 6oesyto roTOSHOCTb csoero 6~ra11b0Ha. OH
CKa3a11 TOnbKO OAHO CJlOSO «Tpesora», H see 3asepTeJ10Cb H
n0Hec11ocb. JltoAH, KOHH, noeo3KH ... HecKOllbKO COT Ye110-
eeK, a caM KOMaHAHp .. : 3acHy11. KorAa 6b111 co6paH s roros-
HOCTH 6aTa11bOH - 3TO 6b1110 yme s YeTb1pe 4aca yrpa (ca-
MblH CJlaAKHH COH A11SI C011AaTa), ero pa36YAHJ1'1. OH co CHa
TOJlbKO npOMOJlSHJl «A011rO co61-1paerecb» H onSITb 3acHy11.
~ ero OTCTpaHHJl OT AOll>KHOCTH KOM6ara (OH He nOHH-
Ma11 CH11bl KOMaHAHPCKOro npHKa3a, 3Ha4HT, H He MOr
KOMaHAOSaTb). Ha sTopoi1 AeHb sr 6b111 sblHY>KAeH npeAo-
c1as1-1Tb 6aTa11boHy OTAblX. TaK OAHO Heo6AyMaHHOe c11oso
npHHec110 c11y>1<6e 6011bwoi1 speA.
~TaK, nepe4HCJ1IO Tpe6osaHHSI K npHKa3y:
1. KoMaHAa 1-1111-1 np1-1Ka3 ecTb sb1pa>1<eHHe eo111-1 KOMaH-
AHpa, cpopMy11a ero peweH1-1i1. HymHo noHSITb, HacK01lbKO
c11y>1<e6HaS1 Heo6XOAHMOCTb Tpe6yeT OTAa411 HMeHHO TaKo-
ro, a He Apyroro npHKa3a. Hy>1<Ho 3HaTb, see 1111 ecTb A11S1
nposeAeHHSI s >KH3Hb :noro np1-1Ka3a.
2. Bo3MO>KHO 111-1 ebrno11HHTb AaHHblH np11Ka3 11 s AaHHblX
yc110B'1SIX? BOT OCHOSHOe, 4TO A01l>KeH npoAyMaTb KOMaH-
AHp, npe>KAe 4eM OTAaTb np11Ka3, npHHSITb peweHHe.
3. 06ecne4eHO JlH Heo6XOAHMblMH CHJlaMH '1 cpeACTBa-
MH SblnOllHeHHe npHKa3a.
4. PacYeT epeMeHH - cKOllbKO speMeHH 1pe6yeTcS1 A11SI
ebrno11HeHHS1 np1-1Ka3a. Pac4er A011>1<eH 6b1Tb pea11bHblH, a He
npocTo TaK - CAe11ai1 3TO 3a nsiTb MHHYT.
5. KoMy nopy4aeTcsr sbrno11HeHHe 3TOH 3aAa4H? He
i<a>KAOMY MO>KHO nopy4HTb sbrno11HeH1-1e npHKa3a. To11bKO
noc11e Toro, KaK y6eAHWbCSI, 4TO Bbln011HeHHe npHKa3a
pewHT CYAb6y 11IOAeH H 4TO 4e11oseK BblnOllHHT npHKa3,
MO>KHO eMy ero nopy4HTb. He Ka>KAblH nOALJHHeHHblH cn<;>-
co6eH Ha ebmo11HeH1-1e 11to6oro np1-1Ka3a.
71
6. ,lJ,oCTaT04HQ nH. T04HO nOHSITO npHKa3aHHe HCnOnHH-
reneM .. 60.::icsi AOeepsirbCSI oreery no 3ayYeHHOH KaHu,em1p ..
cKoH cpopMe «TaK T04HO».
7. ,lJ,on>KHbl 6b1Tb TaK>Ke 06AyMaHbl MeTOAbl H cnoco6b1
BblnOnHeHl1SI np11Ka3a.
"'1 cneAyt0~11j;j nyHKT - KOHTponb. HaAO o6si3arenbHO
npoeepS1Tb 1 KaK BblnOnHSleTCSI npHKa3, l1CKa>1<aeTCSI nH OH
HnH COOTBeTcreyer 3aAyMaHHOMy. BeAb B ·6ot0 He ecerAa
Aenaercsi TaK, KaK Tbl AYMaewb. no:HOMY; OTAaBaSI npHKa;3;
HY>KHO BHAeTb. era ebinonHeHJ.1e, KoppeKTHpoeaTb ero, ror-
Aa 3T.o 6yAer Ha3b1earbcS1 np11Ka30M, a ecnH nyHKTbl He
co6nt0AeHb1 H He o6AyMaHbl - :no cpopManbHOCTb.
B MOeH npaKTHKe 6b1n11 cny4a11, KOrAa KOMaHAHpbl
OTAaBanH HenpoAyMaHHble npHKa3bl, cneAOBarenbHO, OHH
H.e ecerAa MOrnH 6b1Tb BbinonH.eHbl. TorAa HaKa.3b1ean11
nOA4HHeHHOro 3a HeBbJnOnHeHHe npHKa3a, a SI B TaKHX
cny4asix HaKa3blBan KOMaHAHpa, OTAatO~ero TaKOH npHKa3,
a He conAara.
· l<OMaHAHP AOn>KeH 6b1Tb nonynsipHblM B ceoeM noApa3-
AeneHHH, e ceoeH 4acr11. ConAaT AOn>KeH ero nt06HTb;
6ostTbCSI, yea>t<aTb H 6epe4b. CrporoCTb KOMaHA11pa, OCHO-
eaHHaSI Ha cnpaeeAnl1BOCTH,- OCHOBa ero nonynsipHOCTH.
np11Ka3 AOn>KeH 6b1Tb xopowo npoAyMaHHblM. HaKa3blBaTb
COnAaTa HY>KHO TOnbKO 3a Aeno H, He OCKOp6nsisi era
4enoee4eCKOro AOCTOHHCTBa, TaKoe HaKa3aHHe He npl:1BOAHT
K 3ny H He yMansier nonynsipHOCTH KOMaHAHpa, COnAaT
Tepn11r, noroMy 4TO 3TO cnpaeeAnHeo. HecnpaeeAnHeocrb
Bbl3bleaer 03no6neH11e, Macca ero He TepnHT. CnpaeeAnH-
BblH KOMaHAHP MO>KeT Ha3aA He ornstAbJBaTbCSI .. OOSITbCSI
CBOHX - 3TO eenH4aHwee HeC4aCTbe, a 4T06bl He 6osiTbCSI
CBOHX, HaAO 6bJTb cnpaeeAnHBblM.
B YeM Bb1pa>1<aercsi 3a6ora KOMaHAHpa? ,D,a, y Hero H
cpypa>K, H CHa6>t<eHHe, H 06MYHAHpoeaH11e, HO OCHOBHaSI
era 3a6ora - 3TO Yecrb opy>t<HSI H coxpaHeHHe nt0AeH,
AOBepeHHbJX eMy. Bee ocranbHbJe 3a6orbl - oreereneHHSI
OT OCHOBHOH.
l<oMaHAl1P AOn>KeH 11MeTb HpaeCTBeHHOe BnHSIHHe Ha
COnAaTa, roeopHTb c HHM Ha era Sl3b1Ke npOCTblMH 11
AOXOA4HBblMH cnoeaMH, enaAeTb Knl040M K cepAU.Y COnAa-
Ta. l<oMaHAHP AOn>KeH 6blTb np11MepoM Ansi nOA4HHeHHbJX
ecerAa, Be3Ae 11 BO eceM; TOnbKO TOrAa OH CMO>KeT cnpa-
BeAnHBO ropAHTbC.si ceo11M MYHAHPOM.
l<oMaHAHP AOn>Ke1:1 6blTb nc11xonoroM, cnoco6HbJM 3a-
72
rnsiHyTb· e AYWY co11Aara; o6w,eHHe c co11AaTaMH, noHHMa-
HHe HX BHyrpeHHer·o COCTOSIHHSI nOCTHraeTCSI He CTO/lbKO
YMOM, CKO/lbKO HCKpeHHHM 4YBCTBOM ~ cocrpaAaHHeM 'K HX
co11AaTCKOH AO/le. Bl:.rcoKoMepHoe OTHoweHHe HerepnHMO
KaK OCKop611eHHe A11S1 HHX.
Ecrb raKoe noHSITHe - cy6opAHHa41H1.
noHSITHe :no ABYCTOpOHHee: crapWHH no 4HHY AO/l>t<eH
yea>t<aTb ace KaYecraa MllaAwero, KaK caoero roaap1-1w,a no
opy>t<HIO, COOTe4eCTBeHHHKa, rpa>t<AaHHHa, 4ellOBeKa H TaK
Aanee, a He CMOTpeTb CBblCOKa, c. npeHe6pe>t<eHHeM - B
3TOM cyW,HOCTb BOHHCKOH BOCnHTaHHOCTH H KYllbTYPbl no-
BeAeHHSI oq>1-14epa.
"1cXOASI H3 . ecero BblWecKa3aHHOro, ClleAyeT BblBOA:
KOMaHAHP AO/l>t<eH 6b1Tb 4e110BeKOM TBOp4eCKOro yMa H
npaKTHKH, B 3TOM ero oq>1-14epcKoe AOCTOHHCTBO H 4eCTb .
• •
l<aK 6bl HH 6b111a HaCblW,eHa coepeMeHHOH TeXHHKOH
apMHSI, eC/lH ee /1H4HblH COCTaB ececropOHHe He npou:.re11
6oeayt0 BblYYKy, a oq>1-14epb1 n11oxo a11aAe10T cnoco6aMH,
MeTOAaMH o6y4eHHSI H ynpaa11eHHSI BOHCKaMH, TeXHHKOH
H orHeM, OHa (apMHSI) OCTaHeTCSI 6ecno11e3HOH TO/lnOH H
npH nepaoM cepbe3HOM YAape nporHBHHKa paccb1n11ercsi,
Kar< ropox.
A11si o6y4eHHOH apMHH · orHeaoe 1<pew,eH1-1e - nepaoe
He06XOAHMOe HCnblTaHHe 6oeBblX Ka4eCTB, AalOw,ee 3aKa/1-
KY aoi1cKaM 1-1 1-1Met0w,ee aecbMa aa>t<Hoe 3Ha4eH~e A11S1
AallbHeHWHX 6oeBblX AeHCTBHH. nepBblH 6oi1 eCTb npeABe-
CTHHK HCXOAa noc11eAYIOW.HX 6oeBblX AeHCTBHH .. Hy>t<HO
o6y4aTb H rOTOBHTb BOHCKa, BO 4TO 6br TO HH cra110
BblHrpaTb, o6si3aTe/1bHO BblHrpaTb nepBblH 60.:1.
Y4e6y HY>KHO opraHH30BblBaTb c nepaoro npH3blBHoro
nyHKTa AO nepaoi1 no6eAOHOCHOH araKH. Y4HTbCSI HaAO 1-1
3aKpen11eHH10 Ha 3axaaYeHHOM py6e>1<e - BOIOSI, yYHTbCsi,
3aKa/1SITbCSI H My>t<aTb. 6e3 y4e6b1 HH OAHOro «MHpHorO»
H 6oeaoro AHSI He AO/l>KHO 6b1Tb HHKOrAa.
OcHoaa 6oeroroeHocr1-1 1-1 6oecnoco6Hocr1-1 eoi1cK -
6oerOTOBHOCTb H 6oecnoco6HOCTb Ka>KAOrO OT AellbHOro
co11Aara. 0HH pewalOT· 3aAa4y Ha none 6osi, a · He wra6
H/lH Kapra,- MblC/lb npHHSIBWero peweHHe KOMaHAH-
pa. Xopowee 1-1 YMHOe peweHHe KOMaHAHpa MO>KeT cae-
CTHCb K HYlllO, ecnH n11oxo. nOArOTOB/leH CO/lAaT H, Hao6o-
73
poT, nocpe,qCTBeHHOe peweH11e MO)f(HO BblTSIHYTb Ha OT-
J1114HblM pe3y JlbTaT, ec1111 OT 11114HO o6y4eH 6oeu,. «BblY4Ka
6oi1u,a - Kllt04 K no6e,qe».
C:OopM11poeaH11e Mopa11bHOro B011HCKoro 061111Ka 6oi1u,a
H KOMaH,q11pa, eocn11TaH11e 6oeebrx Ka4eCTB 6oi1u,a Hellb3SI
orpaH11411eaTb 6ece,qaM11, ,qoK11a,qaM11, KaK. :no o4eHb 4acTo
npaKT11KyeTCS1 y Hae. OcHOBHblM ,qo11>1<Ho. cTaTb npaKTl14e-
CKOe o6y4eH11e co11,qaTCKOMY peMec11y Ha MeCTHOCTH, pe-
allpHO o6opy,qoeaHHOM no1111r0He, 1136eraH BCS1Kyt0 ycnoe-
HOCTb, ,qaeaH HaCTOS!W.YtO 6oeeyt0 Harpy3KY cp113114eCKHM
H YMCTBeHHblM c11naM 6oi1u,a .11 KOMaH,q11pa.
Bocn11TaHHe MopanbHblX 11 cp113H4eCKl1X cHn Tpe6yeT
nOCTOSIHHOro BHl1MaHHSI, yMeHl1H BH11KaTb B ,qywy 4enoeeKa,
eo36y>1<,qaTb 611aropo,qHb1e nopbrebr, Kpem>tTb c1111y eo1111,
HpaecTeeHHbre, MopanbHbre, cj>H3H4eCKHe, YMCTBeHHbre cno-
co6HocT11, C03HaHHe 4e11oee4ecKoro AOCT011HCTBa, 11114HOM
11 Hau,110HallbHOM rop,qOCTl1, y6e>1<,qeHHYtO eepy B CB011 Cl111bl
H cnoco6HocT11 H eepy Ka>t<,qoro con,qaTa e opy>1<11e. He-
06xo,q11Mo Tepne1111eo 11 Kpon0Tn11eo Y4HTb, TpeH11poeaTb,
BHywaTb yeepeHHOCTb B ,qei1cTBl1HX coeeTaM11, 3aMe4aHH-
HMH, HaBOAHW.HMH eonpocaMH, npH3BaTb Ha nOMOW.b TBOp-
4ecKyt0 CHny 11 MblC/111 o6y.4aeMblX, pa3BHBaTb l1HHU,HaT11By,
BOHHCKYIO CMeKanKy, XHTpOCTb ,qpyrne 6oeebre Ka4eCTBa.
Oco6eHHO y KOMaH,q11poe HY>t<HO pa3e11eaTb yeepeH-
HOCTb B ce6e, l1Hl1U,l1aT11ey, Teep,qytO, HenpeKnOHHYIO BOlltO,
npae1111bHOe 11 nocne,qoeaTenblioe Mb1wneH11e, rny6oKOMblC-
. neHHoe peweH11e. Bcer,qa C411TaTbCSI c ero MHeHHeM, no,q-
,qep>1<11eaTb H- pa3e11eaTb op11r11HanbHbre Mbrcn11 - Y411Tb 11
Y411TbCSI Ha H11x.
nocTOSIHHO nO,[\H11MaTb 6oeeoi1 AYX Ha peanbHOM OCHOBe
aHa11113a TS1>1<e11oro paTHoro Tpy,qa 11 >t<H3Hl1 con,qaTa. Cnpa-
ee,q1111eo ou,eHl1Tb CTapaH11e 6oeeoro Kon11eKT11ea. HH e
KOeM cny4ae He y611eaTb eont0 H HH11u,11aT11ey nocTOHHHblM
«nllOXO», KaK 3TO ,qe11at0T HeKOTOpbre cneu,11anbHO, «113
>1<enaH11.H ,qo611TbCH ew,e ny4wero».
Ha6paTbCH TepneHHSI, 6b1Tb co6paHHblM. 06H3aTe11bHO
pa3J1114aTb: He3HaHHe, HeOnblTHOCTb 11 xanaTHOCTb B c11y>1<6e.
Haxo,q11Tb HX np11411Hy, pearnpyS1 eoapeM·H MepaMH noow.-
peH11S1 1111H B3blCKaHl1H c y4eTOM 11H,[\11BH,[\ya11bHblX oco6eH-
HOCTei1, cnoco6HocTei1, nc11xHKH, a He C411TaTb ecex orynb-
Ho: «ece n11oxo» 111111 «ece oTnl14HO». He ceepnHTb nocTo-
HHHO npOBHHl1BWerocH, He ,qaeaSI onOMHHTbCH, H/111 He
xea11HTb oT1111y11awerocH ,qo ronoeoKpy>t<eHHH.
74
fEHEPAA
_DAH9MAOB
0 naHcf>HI10Be HanHCaHO H CKa3aHO MHOrO, HO ece :no
nOAaHO B npeAenax HeKpOilOrH4eCKOro TpacpapeTa, TO eCTb
He C03AaH H He AaH o6pa3 reHepa11a. "1 n03TOMY SI
BblHY>KAeH 6bl11 OTBeCTH OCHOBHOe MeCTO B noeeCTH "1eaHy
BacHJ1beBH4Y naHcf>HilOBY.
B 4eM CYTb . nOABHra reHepa11a naHcf>HilOBa H 4TO OH
co6oi';1 npeACTae11sieT KaK KOMaHAHp, KaK 4e11oeeK? CYHTatO,
4TO 06 3TOM noKa HHKTO nOilHOU,eHHO He CKa3aJ1.
"13BeCTHO, 4TO B Ha4a11e BOHHbl "1eaHy 8aCHJ1beBH4Y
6b1110 nopyYeHo ccpopMHpoeaTb 316-tO CTpe11Koeyt0 AHBH-
3HtO .. OH a 6b111a He KaApoeoro, a ono11YeHYecKoro THna,
3a HCKI1t04eHHeM cTapwero KOMaHAHOro cocTaea. CaMa >Ke
AHBH3HSI COCTOSIIla H3 pa3HOWepCTHOH MaCCbl: B Hee 6bl11H
npH3BaHbl 6yxra11Tepb1 H YYHTe11si, HerpaMOTHble H KaHAH-
AaTbl HayK, psiAOBOH cocTaB - OT pa6oYero AO HapOAHOro
KOMHCCapa. ::ho 6bl11H npeACTaBJ.1Te11H 36 HaU,HOHaJlbHOCTeH.
B MHpHoe epeMsi tOHOWH o6bl4HO npoxOAHilH AByxro-
A114HYtO c11y>1<6y e apMHH. 3a 3TO epeMsi l-IM ycneea11H
npHBHTb Heo6xOAHMble BOHHY KaYecTea. HaM >Ke Ha see 3TO
orne11H ecero ABa Mecsiu,a. HH OAHH reHepa11 e 11cTOpHH ew,e
He y4acrnoea11 e BOHHax c TaKOH pa3HowepcTHOH MaccoJ';i.
CK0110THTb TaKoe 6oeeoe coeAHHeH11e KaK 316-si cTpe11-
KOeasi A"1Bl13HSI - 3TO 6011bwoe Ae110. B3BOA CKOI10Tl1Tb H
TO He11erKO, a TaKoe 6oe8oe COeAHHeHHe, KOTopoe. HMeeT
eb1cwee TexHHYecKoe Ha3Ha4eH11e, CAenaTb ero 6oecnoco6-
Hb1M, He ecsiKOMY yAaea11ocb.
· "1TaK, nepeasi 3ac11yra reHepa11a "1eaHa BacH11beBH4a
3aKJll04aeTCSI B ero opraHH3aTOpCKHX cnoco6HOCTSIX.
A1101-1311si nonaAaeT e He3HaKOMble MecTa. >KHTe11H cTe-
neJ';i oKa3blBatOTCSI B 11ecax. H 60110Tax, KOTOpblX HHKOrAa He
BMAeilM. ::ho, MO>KHO CKa3aTb, nc11xo11orMS1 MeCTHOCTM, nc1o1-
xo11orHS1 KJ1MMani4eCKMX yc110BHH H T. A·
76
nepBoe BpeMJI "1BaH BacM11beBM4 roBopM11: «Mbl cTen-
HOH HapOA, HaM He TOJlbKO HaAO Y4MTbCJI XOAMTb no 11ecy,
HO HY>+<HO HayYMTbCJI BOeBaTb B 3TOH o6cTaHOBKe, a Bpe-
MeHM Ma110BaTo, HaAO r.oponMTbcJ1; •• »
"" BOT 3a KOpOTKOe BpeMJI, B Te4eHMe OAHOro Mecs11..1,a,
oH; KaK neAaror M KOMaHAMp,. HayYMll cBoe 6oeBoe coeAM-
HeHMe He TOJlbKO XOAMTb no 11ecy, HO M ~OeBaTb.
Ec11M Bbl 3HaKOMbl no llMTepaType c aHrnMHCKOH Ko110-

HMa11bHOl1, smoHCKOH M APYrMMM MHOCTpaHHblMM apMMSIMM,
TO 3HaeTe, 4TO Ha OCBOeHMe K/lMMaTM4eCKMX M ApyrMX
yc110BMH MM AaeTcsi ABa-TpM roAa, a Mbl pacno11ara11M Bcero
MeCSIU,eM. no3TOMY JI MMelO OCHOBaHMe rOBOpMTb, 4TO HM
OAHOMY reHepa11y He yAaBanocb 3a TaKoe KopoTKoe BpeMsi
OCBOMTb Ba>+<HeHwMe npMpOAHble c!JaKTOpbl, oKa3blBalOW,Me
ncMxo11orMYecKoe M Apyroe B03Aei1cTBMe Ha BOHCKO.
3TO BTOpasi 3ac11yra reHepa11a naHclJMllOBa.
V1BaH BacM11beBM4 6b111 OAHMM M3 opMrMHallbHbix BOeH-
HblX MblCJ11.1Te11eH. ,[J.11si Toro 4T06bl 6b1Tb opMrMHa/lbHblM,
HY>+<HO 6b1Tb CMeJlblM, HOBaTOpOM B TaKTMKe M BOeHHOH
CTpaTerMM. OH MMe11 npeMMyw,ecTBO BOeHHoro Mb1wneHMJ1
M BllaAell TaKTM4eCKOH rM6KOCTblO no OTHOWeHMIO K CBOeMy
npOTMBHMKy. HoBaTOpCTBO, KOTOpoe OH BBen M KOTOpoe
noMorno no6eAHO pewMTb PJ1A 6oeB - 3TO TaK Ha3blBa-
·eMasi cnMpa11b naHclJM110Ba. Ec11M nonb1TaTbCJ1 oxapaKTepM-
3oeaTb reHepa11a naHc!JMllOBa, TO 3TO Bblrll SIAellO 6bl npM-
611M3MTellbHO TaK: reHepan pa3yMa, reHepa11 11orMKM, reHe-
pa11 peanbHOro pacYeTa, reHepa11 x11aAHOKpoeMJ1, reHepa11
cToi11<ocTM, - reHepa11 ynopcTea, reHepa11 u.e11eycTpeM11eH-
HOCTM.
V1eaH BacM11beBM4 6b111 rny6oKo pyccKMM 4e11oeeKOM,
3Ha11 npow11oe, HacTosiw,ee M 6yAyw,ee ceoero HapoAa. npM
3TOM OH 6bl11 HaCTOSIW,MM MHTepHaU,MOHallMCTOM, 611arOAapJ1
3TOMY eMy yAanocb M3 pa3Hblx HaU.MOHanbHOCTeH CKOllOTMTb
APY>+<Hoe 6oeeoe coeAMHeHMe. V1 y36e1<M, M Ka3axM, M
KMprM3bl, M yKpaMHLl,bl - ace ero Ha3b1Ba11M OTLJ.OM.
B YeM HOBaTOpCTBO naHclJMllOBa? PaHbWe Mbl AO HeKO-
TOpOH CTeneHM npMAep>+<MBaJlMCb JlMHeHHOH TaKTMKM, a OH
OAMH M3 nepeb1x oco3Ha11 oco6eHHOCTM 6oeB nOA MocKeoii.
3TO 6bl11M 6oM 3a AOporn B yc110BMJIX MaHeepeHHOH 060-
pOHbl, 6oM 3a OCHOBHbte HanpaBneHMSI. OH ornJ1Ab1ea11cJ1
Ha3aA, HO He AllJI Toro, 4T06b1 6e>1<aTb, a AllSI Toro, 4T06b1
HanaAaTb, 3HaTb, 4TO AenaeTcsi enepeAM. OH YaCTO noeTo-
psi11 - OTCTynaTb HMKOrAa He n03AHO, TO eCTb Hae Y4M/l
77
B 3TOM eonpoce <<CneWHTb» MeA.neHHO - nocneWHWb -
npoTHBHHKa HaCMeWHWb.
norepH py6e>+<a B03BpaT11Mbl, HO norep11 11tOAeH 6e3,...
eo3eparHbl. TaKasr >+<e MblC.nb 6b1.na, Ka>+<ercsr, y cpe.nbAMap-
wa.na Kyry3oaa, 1.1ro norepsr MocKBbl - 3TO He norepsr
Pocc1111. OH crapa.ncsr coxpaHHTb >+<11eyt0 • c11.ny - Haw11x
C011AaT.
naHcj:>H110B SIBJ1SleTCSI OAHHM H3 Hac.neAHHKOB nepeAOBOH
pyccKoi1 eoeHHoi1 Mb1c.n11. Ec.n11 py6e>+< He 3acny>+<Heaer
60.nbw11x norepb, TO OH He 6osr.ncsr OTAaTb ero epary, HO
OTAaea.n ero u,eHoi1 6o.nbW"1X norepb A.nsr npor1-1eH11Ka. Ero
npae11110M 6b1110: 6e3 6osr He OTXOA11Tb .
.st nOMHIO KaK-TO pa3 OH np1-1exa.n KO MHe "'· BblC.nywae
AOK.naA, CKa3a.n: «MOMblW-y.nbl, 4T06 HeMeu, 3a 3TO ce.no
M"1H"1MYM no.nropa no.nKa no110>+<1-111 .. ~»
OcHOBHasr u,enb TaKT"1K"1 naHcj:>"1110Ba - 11crpe6.neH11e
>+<1-1eoi:1 c11.nb1 epara. OH c.neno .He Aep>+<a.ncsr 1111H1111 py6e>+<a.
"'1eaH Bac11.nbee111.1 noHsr.n, 1.1ro np11MeHeH11e raKTHKM 11crpe6-
.neH11sr >+<MBOH CM.nbl npOTMBHMKa np11BOAMT K TOMy, 4TO
HeMu,br, no6e>+<Aasr, repnsrr nopa>+<eHHe, 1.1ro e HeApax M3
no6eA 3a.no>+<eHbl KOpHH MX nopa>+<eHHSI.
BeAb BHAOB 6osr MHoro. H yAa4HOe orcryn.neH11e c
HaHeceHHeM npoTHBHl1KY yw.ep6a TO>+<e eCTb no6eAa, M
orcrynarb HY>+<HO 6br.no yMe.no, raK, 1.1ro6b1 epar noTOM He
Mor Hacrynarb, a HaM 6b1.no 6b1 c 4eM ero KOHTparaKoearb.
BOAOKOAAMCKOE
HADPABAEHHE
06cTaHoeKa e nepeb1e AHH 0TellecTeeHHOi1 eoi1Hb1 eceM
,H3BeCTHa, no:noMy HeT He06XOAHMOCTH Ha Hei1· OCTaHaBJlH-
eaTbCSI. Hawa nellaTb e 1941 rOAY 6bina 6onee OTKpoeeHHa
H TOllH.0 HHcpOpMHpoeana o6w,ecTeeHHOCTb 0 XOAe. 6oeeblX
AeHCTBHH Ha cppOHTe.
HanoMHIO nHWb o cTpaTerHllecKOM 3aMblCne cTopoH.
HeMU,bl xoTenH KOH4eHTpHlleCKHM yAapoM KpynHblX CHJl no
OCHOBHblM CTpaTerHlleCKHM HanpaeneHHSIM pacllneHHTb,
pa3Ap06HTb H pa3o6w,HTb HaWH Cl-111bl, 6b1CTpo 3axeaTHTb
ea>t<Hble B onepaTHBHOM H CTpaTerHlleCKOM OTHOWeHHH
nOJ1HH1lleCKHe 11 3KOHOMHlleCKHe 4eHTpb1 CTpaHbl, Ae3opra-
HH30BaTb 11 TaKHM nyTeM 3a KOpOTKHH cpoK 3aeoeeaTb H·awy
CTpaHy. 0H"1 B 6onbWeM MaCWTa6e XOTeJ1"1 nOBTOp1-1Tb TO,
llTO HM YAallOCb Ha 3anaAe "1 B nonbwe.
3aMblCeJ1 Hawero rnaeHoro KOMaHAOBaH"1SI: OCTaHOB"1Tb,
nepeMOJlOTb >KHBYIO c1-111y "1 TeXH"1KY epara, o6ecKpOB"1Tb
ero, C03AaTb yc11oe1-1S1 BblrOAHOrO COOTHOWeHHSI Cl-111 "1 MOW,-
HblM KOHTPYAapoM pa3rpoM"1Tb. "
06 3TOM MHOro Han1-1caHO. 51 He CTaHy roeop"1Tb 0 TOM,
llTO BaM 113BeCTHO. nepeXO>t<y HenocpeACTBeHHO K HaWeH
316-11 CTpe111<oeoi1 A"1B"13"1"1. Ei1 np1-1Ka3b1eaeTCS1 npHHSITb
Bo110Ko11aMcK11i1 y1<penpai10H Ha npoTsi>1<eH111-1 AO 50 K11110-
MeTpoe. HeMe4 HaXOAHTCSI ew,e AaneKo. 0Tpe3alOTCSI
y4aCTKH no11KaM 11 6aTaJlbOHaM.
0CTaHOB"1MCSI Ha 6aTa11bOHaX. no HaWHM yCTaeaM, H
HOBblM "1 CTapblM, 6aTa11bOH MO>KeT 3aHSITb o6opoHy AO
ABYX 1<11110MeTpoe, He 6011bwe, a HaWHM 6aTaJ1bOHaM Aa-
eTcsi wecTb-BOCeMb K"1JlOMeTpoe, TO ecTb c npeeblWeHHeM
OCHOBHblX HOpM e Tp1-1-lleTb1pe pa3a. Cll1-1TaTb, llTO Haw
6aTaJ1bOH 6b111 nOJ1H04eHHblM, Hellb3SI, OH 6bl11 onOJllleHlle-
CKOro T"1na, He 6blJ1 nOJlHOCTblO YKOMnJleKTOBaH H eoopy-
80
>KeH. 06 3TOM SI KaK-TO mKa11: «npontB TaHKOB Mbl CTOSIJ1"1
c na11KaMH». 3aHHMaTb o6opoHy Ha TaKOM WHpOKOM cppoH-
re - He OYeHb nerKoe Aeno . .sl, KaK KOMaHAHP 6ara11bOHa,
AY Man, 4TO Mbl npocro rorOBHM py6e>K A11S1 nOAXOASIW,HX
"1111-1 OTXOASIW,HX Yacre11, 4TO CIOAa npHAYT Apyr1-1e YaCTH
H ABa-rpH no11Ka 3al1MyT yYaCTOK MOero 6ara11bOHa. ,SI Aa>Ke
He AYMa11 06opoHS1TbCS1 Ha 3THx BOCbMH KH110Merpax no•
TOMy, 4TO C4HTa/1 3TO HeB03MO>KHblM.
B Aa11bHel1weM, paccKa3blBaSI o npo1-1cxoAHBWeM, SI 6yAy
rOBOpHTb H 0 TOM, KaK 3TO on1-1caHO B KHHre A. 6eKa
«Bo110Ko11aMcKoe L.Uocce».
BaM, HaBepHoe, BcrpeYa11ocb nOHSITHe «apbeprapA». 3ro
YaCTb Bol1cKa, ocraB11S1eMaS1 A11SI CAep>K1-1BaHHS1 nporHBHHKa,
KOr Aa. OCH06Hble CHJlbl OTXOASIT. nor OM 3TH OTXOASIW,He
CHJlbl npHHHMatoT 6011 Ha HOBOM py6e>Ke, 3aTeM OTBOASITCSI
Ha cneAytow,1-111 py6e>K 1-1 cHoBa npHHHMator 6011. Bor SI raK
1-1 AYMa11: KpacHaSI ApMHSI BeAeT 6011 apbeprapAHblMH
YaCTSIMH, CAep>KHBaSI npOTHBHHKa, a OCTaJlbHble OTXOASIT,
npHAYT, 3al1MyT py6e>K, a nOTOM MHe AaAyT nonropa-ABa
KHilOMerpa.
Ho, YBbd . TaK 6b1110 Han1-1caHo TOilbKO B KHHre . . Ha
Bo110Ko11aMCKOM HanpaB11eHHH Ha caMOM Aene raK He 6b1no.
Mbr Konan1-1, yKpen11S1111-1cb. KaK Konan1-1, KaK yKpen11S1111-1cb,
06 3TOM BO Bropol1 n0Becr1-1 Han1o1caHo noAp06Ho, BKJltoYaSI
Bo110Ko11aMCK. nonoMy Ha Bcex 6osix Ha 3TOM npoMe>KyrKe
SI 6yAy OCTaHaB11J.1BaTbCSI 04eHb 6er110.
Kona111o1, yKpen11sin1-tcb... BApyr MAeT 6ecnopS1AOYHaS1
ro11na, CHaYa11a OAHH-ABa Ye110BeKa, noroM nS1repK1o1, Ae-
CSITKH 6o11u,oB, BHewHe pacxnsi6aHHble, AO HeB03MO>KHOCT"1
06pocw1o1e; y OAHHX BJ.1HTOBKJ.1, y APYrHX J.1X Her, BHA
y>KaCHOl1 MOpa11bHOl1 nOAaBJleHHOCTH. npHXOASIT. K HaM.
«0rKyAa, r0Bap1-1w,1-1?» - «J..13 oKpy>KeHHSI».- «r Ae Baw KO-
MaHA1-tp?» - «He 3HaeM».- «rAe Yacrb?» He 3Hator. A YTO
c11y41-1nocb? PaccKa3brBator raKHe y>Kacbr, YTO HeMeu, 3TO
4YTb IlH He ApaKOH. noSIBilSleTCSI, KOrAa He >KAeWb - C
Tblila, c cp11aHra, crpe11S1er cBeTS1W.HMHCS1 ny11S1MH, 60M61-tr
"1 TaK Aanee. 0AHHM CJlOBOM, Cn110WHOl1 KOWMap. 06 3TOM
Bbl 4Hra111-1 B KHMre A. 6eKa.
- Hy, ornpaB11S111recb c 6oroM! - roBopHM oKpy>KeH-
u,aM. nponycKaeM. J.1X 4epe3 py6e>K.
Bor raKHe HenpHSITHbre BcrpeYH npOAOI1>Ka111o1cb y Hae
AHel1 15. 60HU,bl .y MeHSI . 04eHb AHCU,Hn11.HHHpOBaHHble;
xopow1-1e 6ol1u,b1. A renepb CMOTpiO Ha CBOMX 6ol1u,oe 1-1
BH>Ky: r11a3a y HHX no1yeKHe111-1, He1 6oeeoi-o 611eeKa,
y11b16Ky 3a 3011010 H·e Hai11.H. C1pax. Ha MeHsi 10>1<e Hana-
Aae1 elpax, HO HaAO AYMalb. BeAb Kal<HM elpaw1-1111-1w.eM
eTaHOBHTeSI HeMeu,! BeAb TaK, Toro H r11SIAH, MOH lllOAH
TO>Ke pa36ery1eS1, H SI OKa>+<yeb KOMaHAHPOM Heeyw,ee1ey-
iow.ero 6aTanboHa.
HeMeu, He nosie11S1neS1, HO 3a10 siensinHeb Ka>+<AblH AeHb
ntoAH, roeopsiw.1-1e, 410 OHH BblWJlH H3 OKpy>+<eHHSI. HaAO
eKa3alb, 4TO 3TO 6b1no KaK 4yMa, Koropasi pa3narana
6oi1u,oe 6ara11bOHa. Bee JllOAH 6er:yr, a Mbl 4TO? npaeAa,
6oi1U,bl 3TOro OTKpblTO He eKa>+<yr, HO eee >+<e B A ywe y HHX
TaKOEi MOr/10 6b1Tb. 51 6yAy roeopHTb He 0 eoeeASIX, a 0
eeoeM no11Ke, ny4we MeHsi ero HHKlO He 3HaeT.
no yKa3aHHIO reHepana Mbl opraHH30BanH pa3BeAKy.
KorAa enpaw1-1ea111-1 y npoXOASIW.HX ntoAei1, rAe >+<e HeMu,br,
HaM oree4an1-1: «,D,a eoT, HAYl no nS11aM». Cero,i:i,HSI ri::>eopsiT,
3ae1pa 1aK roeopsi1, eeAb 310. npoe10 HeB03MO>+<HO. B 4eM
Aeno? 4ro raKoe? Mb1 1-1eKan1-1 HeMu,ee, noebrnanH pa3BeAKY
enepeA H enepeA. A Hx He 6b1no BHAHO. On1-1eaHHe npH-
POAb• H 6eperoe Py3bl A. beKy YAa111-1eb. TaM 6b1n 3aMe-
4aTenbHblH nee. Ho 3101 KpaeHBblH nee HaM He 6b111 ebrro-
AeH. BoeHHbre eM01psir Ha np1-1p0Ay no-eeoeMy, raK >+<e
H Ha HeKyeeTBO.
noMHHTe, 'y EieKa Hani-ieaHO «OTOABHHYlb nee». Mbl
TOrAa 60S1Jl Heb py6Hlb nee, HO 1enepb, eenH 3TO BblrOAHO,
0
He e41-1raeMcsi HH e KaKoi1 u,eHHOerbto - py6HM. Ho 1orAa

Mbl eee-TaKH 60S111Heb, Aa TaM H 11eeHH4HH XOAHil H He
pa3pewan ... A BOT ecnH He eeeb nee, ro, no Kpai1Hei1 Mepe,
onywKy' neea HaAO 6b1no Bb1py6Hlb, 4T06bl BHAeTb HeMu,a.
Ho 11eeHH4HH roeop1-1r: «Ee1b noe1aHoeneHHe CoeHapKOMa,
3a TaKHM-TO HOMepoM. 310 3anoaeAHHK. 8b1 3a 3TO 6yAe1e
npHBJ1e4eHbl K OTBeTeTBeHHOeTH, HHKaKHX pa3roaopoa» . .SI
ew,e rorAa 11eeHH4HX enywanesi ...
A noTOM e 3TOM neey nporHBHHK aee-raKH HaKonHnesi,
KaK SI H AYMa11. 'EenH 6bl Mbl 11ee Bb1py61-111H, MO>i<HO 6blJ10
6b1 npoeeeTH 6oi1 e 6011ee ebrrOAHblX yenoe1-1six. TaKoea
6b111a Hawa HaHBHOeTb H ryMaHHOe OTHOWeHHe K npHpOAe
e nepebre AHH eOHHbl. BeAb Mbl He HMenH HHKaKoro onb11a:
noenanH enepeA pa3BeAb1Bale11bHble OTPSIAbl, pa3BeAbl-
earenbHble rpynnbr e 3aAaHHeM BblSleHHlb, rAe HeM4b1.
HH4ero onpeAeneHHoro Mbl He 3Ha111-1. 06w.yio o6eraHOBKY
06bSleHH11 reHepan naHq>HnOB.
Haw1-1 nepe>+rneaHHSI AO nepeoro 6osi A. EieKOM 3an1-1ea-
82
Hbl 6011ee YeCTHO 11 T04HO 113 M011X CllOB, Bbl HX Yl1Ta1111_.
f11asa 0 paccTpe11e 'nOJlHOCTbto B3SITa 113 M011X 3an11CeH.
3an11c11 3TH HaXOAS1TCS1 y Ta>1<116aesa, a rnasa HB3blsaeTCSI
«np1-1rosop». nepecKa3blBaTb He CTaHy.
OnacHOCTb, KOTopaH Has1-1c11a HaA 6aTaJ1bOHOM s pe-
3YllbTaTe caMocTpena H 411eHospeA11Te11bCTsa cep>KaHTa Eia-
paM6aesa, oco6b1M aKTOM - paccTpenoM - 6b111a pa3pe-
weHa. HaAO 6blll0 BO YTO 6bl , TO HH CTallO noKa3aTb
6aTallbOHy, 4TO TOT, KTO cosepWHT nOA06HblH nocTynoK -
now.aAbl nycTb He >1<AeT. Ho onacHOCTb H 60S13Hb npoT11s.:.
HHKa He ywm'1, HeMU,bl sce-TaKH npeACTaBllSIJlHCb TaKl1M11,
KaK HX on1-1cb1sa111-1 6e>KeHU,bl, Hy>KHO 6b1110 pacceHTb 3apa3y
6osi3HH HeMu,es, np1-1s11Tyto «OKpy>1<eHu,aMH», a AllSI 3Toro
o6siaaTellbHO HaAO 6b1110, 4T06b1 6oHU,bl ys11Ae1111 >KHBblX
HeMu,es, YT06bl nonpo6osa1111 CBOHM WTblKOM, npOKOJleT
HllH HeT, HaAO 6b1iio y6eAHTb, YTO Hawa ny11S1 y61-1saeT
HeMu,a, HaAO 6blll0 AOKa3aTb 6oHU,aM, 4TO H HeMeu,, HCnbl-
TblBaS! CTpax, 6e>KHT, YTO OH He KaKoe-TO YYAOBH'w,e. ,D,11si
3TOro o6H3aTellbHO Tpe6osa110Cb npoeeCTH AO OCHOBHOfO
60S1 c HeMu,aMH OAHY yAa4HYto CTblYKy, rAe Haw1-1 _Hasep-
HHKa AOll>KHbl no6HTb HeMu,a. A ec111-1 TaKOH ysepeHHOCTH
HeT, TO 3TY onepau,Hto He ClleAyeT npOBOAHTb.
MoH 6aTa11bOH 6b111 BblTSIHYT s HHT04Ky, Ha AYWe 6b1110
Tpeeo>KHO. EiecnOKOHJla He CTOllbKO y4eTsepeHHaSI HOpMa
npOTHB, ycTasa, CKOllbKO cepAu.a Ill AYWH COJlAaT, KOTOpblM
np1o1cyw, CTpax H KOTOpble , 3apa>1<eHbl , 3THM HCKa>1<eHHblM
, nOHSITHeM 0 HeMu,e, np11HeceHHblM HaM OKpy>KeHu,aMH.
Tpe6osa11ocb rAe-H1-16yAb no6HTb HeMu,a H no6eAHTb o6H-
3aTem"Ho!
,D,epesHSI CepeAa HaXOA1111acb OT HaweH nepeAOBOH
11HHl4H B 25-30 KHJlOMeTpax. rAe HeMU,bl? He 3HaeM.
noc11a11 SI pa3BeAKY Ha 10 KHllOMeTpOB - HeMU,a HeT sne-
peAH, noc11a11 Ha 15 KHllOMeTpOB -~ HeMU;a HeT, no-c:11a11 Ha
20-HeT, Ha 25-HeT, Ha 30 KJ4JlOMeTpOB - coo6w,1-111M, ,YTO
HeMU,bl s AepeeHe CepeAa.
- 6011bwaK, KOTOpblH nOAXOAHll K CepeAe c 3anaAa, wen
c cesepa Ha cTaHU,Hto WaxoscKyto 1-1 Ha tor - Ha cosxo3
«6011b1Yeeo». WaxoscKasi 11 cosxo3 «b011b1Yeso» S1B11S11111cb
y311oeb1MH nyHKTaMH, K KOTOpb1M c1peM11111-1cb HeMU,bl. Ha
BOCTOK, Ha , ce110 HOBJlSIHCKOe Yepe3 >t<HTaxy Ha HaWH
py6e>1<1-1 w1111 AOporn Yepe3 MaKc11Moso. HeMU,bl, ABHrasicb
c 3anaAa Ha BOCTOK, peWHllH, no scei1 sep0$1THOCTH, OCTa-
BlilTb 01 WaxoscKOH AO «Eio11b1Yeeo» rpynm1posKy,
83
.coeepwHrb 06xOAHb1i:i MaHeep c ceeepa H c ior.a, a He 61-1rb
eo cppoHr H no:HoMy ABHranHcb Ha eocroK. Ha MaKCHMO-
eo - HoemlHCKo.e ABH>KeHHe npeKpar1-1nocb. CepeAa KaK
6bl SlBilSIJlaCb pacnpeAellHTeJlbHblM nyKKTOM cocpeAOT04.e-
HHSl npOTHBHHKa AflJ! AeHCT.BHJI Ha ceeepe H. Ha iore, H
no3rOMY c1-1nb1 OTCIOAa pacXOAHilHCb Ha. WaxoecKyio H Ha
«00Ilbl4€BO».
Bo3epar1-1nHCb pa3eeA4HKH, cKa3anH, 4TO HeMU.bl e .Ce-
p.eAe, OT Hae B 25 KHJlOMeTpaX. 4TO Aeflarb? npHHHMaeTCJI
peweHHe no6Hrb HeMu.a e CepeAe. CraBJITCJI r.aKHe 3aAa4H:
.coeepwHTb H04HOH HeO>KHAaHHblH Haner. Ha CepeAy, ne-
pe6Hrb, CKOilbKO MO>l<HO, HeMu.ee H B3$1Tb XOTb OAHOro
.«.Jl3b1Ka»; 3aMHHHpoearb AOpor1-1, HAYli.\He Ha MaKCHMoeo,
e3opearb MOCT no AOpore Ha WaxoecKyio, 3axearHrb AO-
KyMeHTbl, nneHHblX .
. Ho_ KOMY nopy4Hrb 3TO CAenarb? HaA 3THM eonpocoM
npHWilOCb AYMarb TOllbKO noroMy, 4rO. HH JI, HH KTO Apyroi1
e 6oio He 6b1n1-1. B 6oio 6b1ean >+<anMyxaMeA 5o3>1<aHoe-:-
Y4~KTHHK ¢HHCKOH KaMnaHHH. nocnarb KOMaHAHpa pOTbl?
<l>poHT - eoceMb KHilOMerpoe, Heflb3JI. K TOMY >1<e eonpoc
AOil>KeH 6b1Tb peweH HaeepHJ!Ka. nopy4al0 3TO AeilO MO-
eMy crapweMy aAblOTaHry, nei1reHaHry Xa61-16yne PaxHMO-
ey, 6b1eweMy arpoHoMy no 06pa3oeaHH10, anbnHHHcry. OH
Ha3Ha4aercSl Ha4aflbHHKOM pa3BeAb1BarenbHOro OTPJ1Aa, no-
JlHrpyKoM - >t<anMyxaMeA D03>1<aHoe.
OcHOBHaJI u.enb - yKpenHrb y 6oi1u.oe eepy e ceoH
CHilbl. CneAoearenbHO, e orpSIAe AOJl>KHbl 6b1Tb npeAcra-
e1-1ren1-1 ecex OTAeneH11i1. 51 B3SII1 H3 Ka>1<Aoro OTAeneHHJI no
OAHOMY-ABa 4enoeeKa. 3ro, c OAHOH cropOHbl, HeBblrOAHO,
HO, c Apyroi1 cropOHbl, pa3 6oi1U.bl nOBOIOIOT H eepHyrcSI,
OHl1 paccKa>1<yr 060 eceM roeap11w,aM. BeAb He Mory >1<e
SI co6parb Ml1Tl1Hr, Aa OH H He AaJl 6bl TaKoro 3cpcpeKTa.
A ryr C11A11T psiAOM 6oeu., KYPHT 11 paccKa3b1eaer: «HeMeu,
aaopan, SI 6poc11n rpaHary». BoT 4TO HY>l<HO 6blJ10. no3TOMY
np11wnocb ccpopM11poearb c6op HYIO KOMaHAY, Aa>1<e 113
npeACTaBHTenei1 MeJlb4aHWHX OrHeBblX eAHHHU..
DblJl cocraeneH nnaH: pa3611rb OTPSIA e 100 YenoeeK Ha
Tp11 rpynnbl, HanaAaTb OAHOepeMeHHO c rpex CTOpOH. no 30
4enoeeK. Co6pan 6oi1u,oe 11 KOMaHAHpoe, pacronKoean
3aAa4y, no>1<enan yAa4H, H 16 oKrsi6psi OHH eb1crynHnH. 16
>t<e OKTS16psi n0Aown11 K MaKCHMoeo, cocpeAOT04HJ1HCb
TaM, npoeenH paaeeAKY, cHoea yro4HHJ1H .6oeeyio o6cra-
HOeKy. B 3TY H04b 3AeCb 6b1no AO nonKa nexorbl 11
84
MOTonexorbr HeMu,ee. Coo6~t.1n11 MHe ·06 3TOM no p·aAHO;
SI np11Ka3an OTCTaBl1Tb onepau,11t0, nOTOMY 4TO OAHOMY HATH
npor1i1e MHor1i1x Hepa3yMHO. Ha3aerpa MHe AOK1laAb1eat0T,
4TO B AepeeHe OKOno 300 4enoeeK.
18 OKu6psi 1941 · roAa poeHO · e 2 Yaca H0411 coeepwa-
ercsr Haner: paccrpen1i1ean1i1 eb16eraew1i1x HeMu,ee, HeKoro-
pb1e H3 H"1X nOBblCKaK"1Ban1-1 B OAHOM 6enbe. 83srn1-1 UJTa6-
Hble AOKyMeHTbl, OAHOro HeMu,a >K11BblM, B30pea111-1 nSITb
MaUJHH. l>oi1 AnHncsr ecero 4ac. Haw1-1 norep11: weC:Tb
paHeHblX, OAHH y61-1TblM - cep>KaHT Mocesiw.
Hayrpo orpsiA eepHyncsi. KorAa 60Mu,b1 wnH ryAa, OHH
AYMan11, 4TO "1AYT Ha 8epHyt0 cMeprb. A KOl'Aa eepHyn1-1cb,
SI He Y3Han 1-1x - eecenbre, 60Apb1e 11. 4yecreyt0T ce6si y>Ke
6b1eanb1M1-1 conAaTaM1-1. TaKHM o6pa30M 6b1na BbrnonHe.Ha
eropasr 3aAaYa: AOKa3aHo, 4TO nynsr Hawa HeMu,a 6eper.
fOBOplO y4aCTHHKaM: TOBapH~l-1, paCCKa3blB8MTe 060 BCeM,
ronbKO He nr1-1re. BeAb ecnH He npeAynpeA"1Tb, 06S13arenb-
HO 6yAyT npeyeenH4HBaTb.
CepeA"1HCK"1M Haner - no n11xot;i H04HOM Haner Ha npo-
'r1-1eH1-1i<a, HO 3Ha4eHHe ero Ansi nocneAyto~Hx 6oee, A11SI
yKpenneHHSI py6e>Ka e AYUJe Haw11x conAaT 6b1no rpoMaA-
HeMwee, 6onbUJe mo6blX nocneAyto~HX 6oee. no3TOMy,
KOrAa SI roeopt0 o ceoet;i 4acr11, SI H"1KOrAa He 3a6b1eat0
cepeAHHCKHM Haner. HecMOTpSI Ha ro, 4TO OH He oKa3an
H"1KaKoro Bn"1SIHHSI Ha XOA AanbHeMWHX co6blTHM Ha 3TOM
riacTKe, eMy Mbl MHOrHM 06S13aHbl. CaMoe rnaBHOe - OH
noen11S1n Ha AYWY 1-1 nc1-1xonorHto conAaT.
l>oeBOM nopSIAOK A"1BH3"1"1 6b1n B nHH"1H nonKa: Ha
npaeoM cpnaHre, or Anecppoeo AO AepeeHH BblCOKOM 3a-
H"1Man o6opoHy 1077..:j;j crpenKOBblM nonK Mai:iopa Wex-
TMaHa. Or AepeeHH Bb1coKOM AO AepeeHH Jla3apeeo, 1-1MeS1
nepeAHHM Kpat;i no eocro4HOMY 6epery peKH Py3a, 3aHHMan
o6opoHy 1073-M crpenKOBblM nonK MaMopa En1-1Ha. Or
AepeeHl-1 Jla3apeeo, M. C1-16Koeo AO coexo3a «DOnbr4eeo»
3aHHMan o6opoHy 1075-M crpenKOBblM nonK nonKOBH"1Ka
Kanpoea. 51 Hap04HO 3an1-1can Ha Kapre cpaM1-1n1-11-1 KOMaH-
.AHpoe nonKOB, 4T06br OHl-1 OCTan"1Cb B naMSITH. B OTHOUJe-
HHl-1 w1-1pHHbl cppoHra SI y>t<e roeop1-1n. Bropb1x 3UJe.noHoe
B A"1B"13"1H, B nonKaX H 6aranbOHax, KaK 3TO nJ?eAYCMOTpeHO
B Ycraee, npi-1 o6opoHe He 6brno. ,ll.1-1e11311S1 6b1na BblTSIHyra
B H"1T04KY Ha npOTSl>KeHl1"1 60 Kl1nOMerpoe.
EcnH npor11eH"1K npopeer 3T)' HHT04Ky, HY>KHO cee>K"1M"1
c1111aM1-1 eoccraHoe11Tb no11o>KeH11e. Ho AnSI nap11poeaH"1S1
85
y,qapa npOTMBHl1Ka HH B pacnopSl>KeHl111 reHepana naHcpH.:.
noea, Hl1 e pacnopsi>1<eH1111 KOMaH,q11poe nonKOB 11 6aTanb-
OHOB He 6blJ10 pe3epea, He 6blJ10 11 BTOpblX 3WeJ10HOB.
Cne,qoeaTenbHO, Mbl He 11Me1111 ,qocTaT04HOH TaKT114ecKOH
rny611Hbl; He 11MeSI BTOpblX 3WeJ10HOB, He HMem1, no cy-
w.ecTey, nepe,qHero Kpasi, nepe,qoeasi 6b111a 3,qecb. TaKoe
nono>1<eH11e, KOr ,qa OAHO OT ,qeneH 11e HaXOAl1TC SI Ha paccTO-
SIHl1H 200~300 MeTpOB OT ,qpyroro, 04eHb 611aronp11S1THO
,qnsi npoT11eH11Ka. Ec1111 npOTl1BHl1K Harian Ha o,qHOM y4acTKe,
npopean o6opoHy, TO, · 4T06b1 3arHyTb cpnaHr, Bbl3BaTb
1110,qeH, noTpe6yeTCSI HeCKOJlbKO 4acoe, a TO 11 CYTKl1 Ha
neperpynn11poeKy. no3TOMY C411TaTb o6opoHy Ha,qe>KHOH
6b1110 6b1, 6e3yc11oeHo, HeeepHo. 06op0Hsit0w.11ecsi Haxo-
,q111111cb e Heeb1ro,qHOM no11o>+<eH1111 npoT11e HacTynaiow.11x.
Boo6w.e onblT BOHHbl ,qoKa3bleaeT, 4TO npoT11e o,qHoro
o6opOHSllOW.erocsi AOll>KHbl HaCTynaTb Tp11, TO eCTb COOT-
HOWeHHe c1111: OAl1H K TpeM. A TyT, np11 TaKOH J1HHl111, ,qa>Ke
ec1111 6blJ10 COOTHOWeH11e 0Al1H K o,qHOMy, 11 TO npopeaTb
6b1110 ner4e, noTOMY 4TO Hacrynaiow.11e Bb1611pan11 nyHKTbl
,qnsi y,qapa, cocpe,qoro4HBW11Cb, co6pae c1111b1, Hau,eneHHO
611n11 e o,qHo eb16paHHoe 11M11 Mecro. B raKOM no110>1<eH11H
HaXOAHJlaCb HaWa A11Bl1311SI B o6opoHe. no-MOeMy, llt060H
reHepan, KaKOH 6b1 ro Hl1 6b1110 apM1111, He no3aei-1,qoea11 6b1
reHepany naHcp11110By, KOTOpblH 11Men TaKylO J111H11IO cppOH-
Ta. no110>1<eH11e 6bln0 HeBblrO,qHOe. f eHepan naHcpHnOB
co3Haean 3TO 11 rny6oKo nepe>t<11ean, 4TO 11 3acrae11no ero
HCKaTb HOBble cnoco6b1, HOBble MeTOAbl. EcnH 6bl OH 11Men
HOpManbHblH cppOHT, 803MO>KHO, He no,qyMall 6bl Ha,q TeM,
4TO enocne,qCTBl111 npoeen B >Kl13Hb. feHepan naHcp11nOB
xo,qHn c o,qHoro cpnaHra Ha ,qpyroH cpnaHr oKona, 113y4an
py6e>1< o6opoHbl. Co3,qaewasicsi o6craHOBKa 3acTaensina ero
6b1Tb 6n11>1<e K con,qarcKOH Macce. 3To noMorno eMy cTaTb
nonynsipHblM cpe,q11 con,qaT, 3HaTb ceoio ,q11e11311io 11 co-
xpaHl1Tb ee. Ho 3TO He 3Ha411T, 4TO reHepan, KaK enocne,q-
cTe1111 roeop11n Eropoe, xo,q1111 a aTaKy, 3TO He ero ,qeno.
lo-I TOT, KTO ,qyMaer, 4TO ec1111 reHepan He nowen e WTbl-
Koeyio aTaKy, OH nnOXOH reHepan, TOT 6e3rpaMOTHblH
Heee>+<a.
f eHepan naHcp11110B ,qeHCTBl1TeJ1bHO 6b1Bal1 B OKOnax,
B onaCHblX MeCTaX, HO He TaK, KaK TpaKTYIOT HeKOTOpb1e. OH
3,qecb 6b1ea11, Kor,qa no11K11 3aH11Man11· nepe,qoeb1e no311u,111o1,
6b1ean 3,qecb 11 Kor,qa coeepw1111csi npopb1B, ,qnsi ynpae11e-
Hl1S1 6oeM, a He c11,qe11 e oKone c psiAOBblM: «Hy, BaHiowa,
86
KaK >KHBeWb, He naAaH ·. AYXOM». 3TO . He o6si3aHHOCTb
reHepa11a, eMy HaAo ynpaa11S1Tb 6oeM, TeM 6011ee ynpaa-
llSITb Ha TaKOM TPYAHOM py6e>t<e, KOrAa HeT HH pe3epaoa,
HH BTOpblX 3We/IOHOB. y Hero apeMeHH He 6b1110, 4T06bl
yroaapi.teaTb Ka>KAOro 6oHu.a, H BApyr eMy · AalOT apeMSI
ycnoKaHBaTb KaKoro-Hi.t6yAb COllAaTa. 3TO 1-tenpaBHllbHO H
HeyMHO. no4eMy 6bl He nOKa3aTb - BOT C03Aa11CSI npOpb1B 1
reHepa11 SIBMllCSI B 3TO MeCTO, Aall yKa3aHHe llHKBHAHPOBaTb
npopbre. HeT, eMy 06si3c:fre11bHO AalOT BHHTOBKY M 3acTaa-
11S110T y4aCTBOBaTb B WTblKOBOM 6016.
16 OKTS16psi 1941 rOAa IO>KHaSI rpynnHpOBKa HeMeU,KHX
BOHCK, AeHCTBY10ll.\aS1 Ha Bo110Ko11aMcKoM Hanpaa11eHHH, 06-
XOAHblM MaHeapoM YAapH11a n.o coaxo3y «0011b14eeo». Mbr
>+<AallH YAapa a 1106, a apar 6beT a 6oK. 3To nepablH 6oH.
nepBblH 6011bWOH 6oH Ha 11eBOM cp11aHre AHBH3HH 1 Ha
y4aCTKe H Ha 11eBOM cp11aHre 1075-ro no11Ka nOllKOBHHKa
Kanpoaa. CH11b1 npOTHBHHKa 6b111H rpynHble - TaHKH, MO-
TonexoTa, aB11aU.HSI. 3AeCb 6blll HaHeceH cocpeAOT04eHHblH
yAap. 1075-H no11K ae11 O>KecT04eHHble 6oH, u.en11siS1cb 3a
npoMe>KyT04Hble py6e>t<H - COBX03 «D011bl4eBO», ce11a O>e-
AOCbH HO, KHS1>Keao H CoK011oao.
21-ro, c6i.ta c py6e>+<a 1075-H cTpe11Koab1H no11K, HeM-
U.bl nOAXOASIT K 6eperaM peKH Py3bl, K paHOHHOMY u.eHtpy.
AepeaHe OcTawoao, 06opoHS1eMOH 6aTa11boHOM KanHTaHa
JlbrceHKO. OH Apa11cS1 repoHCKH. A11S1 Toro 4T06br c6HTb
nonK, npOTHBHHKY noHaA06HJ10Cb AeHCTBOBaTb . CBOHMH
KpynHblMH CHllaMH 4eTaepo cyTOK. c HaweH T04KH 3peHHSI,
CAep>KHBaTb TaKylO CHllY npOTHBHHKa c 6oeM - 3TO.
Hennoxo.
B 3TO apeMSI reHepan naH<t>HllOB ynpaBJlSIJl XOAOM 60S1.
06paTHTe BHHMaHHe, 4TO TYT HAeT 6011bWaK. npHHSIB 6oH,
OH OTCK04HJ1, 3aHSlll CoKOllOBO, "1rHaTOBO. npHHHMaeT H
3AeCb 6oH, nOTOM OnSITb OTCKaKHBaeT, no11y4aeTCSI cnHpanb.
naHcpHllOB He 6poca11CS1 H3 AepeBHH B AepeBHI0 1 a Bell 6oH
TOJlbKO no 6011bwaKy. KaK >+<e He Ha3aaTb 3TH AeHCTBHSI
HOBaTOpCKHMH, KaK >Ke He Ha3BaTb 3TO cnHpallblO?
PaHOHHblH u.eHTp OcTawoao 6b111 y3110BblM nyHKTOM Ha
Bo110Ko11aMcKOM 6011bwaKe H Ha CTblKe paKaAHblX nyTeH, OH
SIBllSIJlCSI TaK>Ke npaao6epe>t<HblM onopHblM nyHKTOM peKH
Py3bl H Bo110Ko11aMcKoro Hanpaa11eHHS1, CAep>t<11aa10ll.\HM
HaTHCK npOTHBHHKa.
no3TOMY reHepa11 naHcpHllOB 3i:lrH6aeT cp11aHr no peKe
Py3a, ocTaa11sisi paHOH OcTawoao KaK 6aTa11bOHHblH y3e11
87
conpoT11B11eH1.u1. Yaen conpoT11B11eH11si, onopHblH nyHKT ...,._
TaK11.e noHSITMSI HaM npOAMKTOBana 0Te4eCTBeHHasi BOHHa.
Haw · HOBblH YcTaB Ha OCHOBe onb1Ta AByxneTHeH BOHHbl
Tpe6yeT· Tenepb nocTpOMTb np11 o6opoHe 6oeBble nopHAKM'
OTAe11bHblMM onopHblMM nyHKTaMM, B3BOAHblMM,. pOTHblMM'
M 6aTa11bOHHblMM yanaMM conpOTMBJleHMSI, o6ecne4MB npo-:
Me>KyTKM M CTblKM Me>KAY 4aCTSIMM M noApa3AeneHMSIMM'
orHeM 11 MH>KeHepHblMM coopy>t<eHMSIMM. · HoBblH ycTaB OT-'
Ka3blBaeTCSI OT. 11MHeHHOH TaKTMKM. "" Mbl ceH4ac. He np11,,;:
Aep>t<MBaeMCSI 11MHeHHOH TaKTMKM, a CTpOMM o6opoHy onop-'
HblMM nyHKTaMM 11 yanaMM conp·oT11B11eH11S1. l"1 BOT B OcTa-
woBe, KaK yanoBOM nyHKTe paKaAHblX nyTeH, reHepan
naHcpM110B opraHM30Ba11_ y3e11 conpOTl'1B11eHMSI, He o6pa~aSI
BHMMaHMSI HanpaBo 11 HaneBo.
KorAa OH opraHM30Ba11 OcTawoBCKMH . yaen conpOTMB-
11eH11si, si HaXOAMncsi B AepeBHe Bac1111beBo· 11 20~ro 411c11a
6bl11 Bbl3BaH K HeMy. 3Ta BCTpe4a onMCblBaeTCSI BO BTOpOH'
noBecTM 6eKa. Co cTopoHbl WaxoBCKOH HeMeu,Kasi · rpynnM-'
poBKa npopb1BaeT cppoHT B HanpaB11eH1111 AepeBeHb XaHOBO,·
IOpKMHa, 5lpono11eu., c11eAOBaTe11bHO, HeMeu, aaBepwaeT
o6xoAHblH MOMeHT Ha Bo110Ko11aMCKMH 6011bwaK, a no
APYrMM HanpaBneHMSIM OH 6osi He BeAeT. 3Hasi 3TY o6cTa-
HOEiKy, reHepa11 naHcpM110B npMXOAMT K BblBOAy, 4TO HeMeu,·
6yAeT BOeBaTb no 6011bWaKy. Bee npoceno4Hble AOporM,'
BCe py6e>t<M OCTalOTCSI BHe BHMMaHMSI npOTMBHMKa. reHepa11.
naHcpM110B pewaeT: HY>KHO nepecTpOMTb 6oeBOH nopS!AOK
AMBM3MM, Hapywasi 1111Hei:1Hyt0 TaKTMKy. Cei:14ac 3AeCb HaM
11er4e nOHSITb Bee, BeAb npowno BpeMSI 11 MO>KHO aHa1111-
a11poBaTb, a TOrAa, B XOAe co6blTMH, 4T06bl npMHTM K
TaKoMy Bb1a0Ay, HY>KHbl 6b11111 npoaop1111BOCTb 11 yM.
Ha BCeM npoTS1>KeH1111 cppoHTa HeMLJ,bl BeAyT paaBeAbl-
BaTe11bHb1e AeHCTBMSI OTAe11bHblMM rpynnaMM, a He HaCTY-'·
nalOT. Mbl TO>Ke BeAeM paaBeAKM. reHepan naHcpM110B
rOTOBMT CBOM nonKM A11SI Bbln011HeHMSI nocneAylO~MX 3aAa4
Ha npoMe>t<yT04HblX py6e>+<ax. 3To 6b1110 Me>KAY 18-22
OKTSl6psi.
HeMeU,KMH reHepan, BCTP0TMB cepbe3Hoe conpoT11e11e-
. HMe• B paHOHe COBX03a «6011bl4eBO», nepeCMOTpen CBOe
HaMepeHMe «3aBTpaKaTb B Bo110Ko11aMCKe, y>+<11HaTb 'B Mo-
CKBe». On<aaancsi OT 3Toro. A aacTaBMTb TaKoro npoTMBHHKa.
np11aaAyMaTbCS1 - 3TO y>+<e aacnyra, :no 3Ha4MT CKa3aTb -
«OTKpoi:i rnaaa, He Ha Toro HapBancsi!».
aa·
• • •
B pai:ioHe OCTawoea 6aTa11bOH 1075-ro cTpe:nKoeoro
no11Ka nOA KOMaHAOBaH11eM Kan11TaHa JlblCeHKO c 20 no· 23
OKrn6psi .1941 roAa eeAeT 6011. HeMU,bl >Ke, oe11aAe8 y3110-
BblM nyHKTOM OcTawoeo, He npOAB11ratoTCS1 Aa11bWe, e
Te4eH11e Tpex AHeM nbnatoTCSI neperpb13Tb · OcTawoecK11H
y3e11. 6aTa11bOH JlblCeHKO eeAeT 6011 B OKpy>1<eH1111. 3TO
nepeblH cny4ai:1 nposie11eH11si Maccoeoro repo~3Ma e A11Bl1-
3HH. 0Kpy>1<eH11e 6aTa11bOHa JlblCeHKO 6bl110 He T011bKO
TaKTl14ecKoe, a HacTosiw,ee K011bu,eeoe 0Kpy>1<eH11e.
nosiCHto, 4TO OKpy>1<eH11e 6b1eaeT OnepaTl1BHOe, TaKTl1-
4eCKOe, orHeeoe, 111111 HacTosiw,ee K011bu,o (To>Ke TaKT11-
4ecKoe).
OnepaT11eHoe 0Kpy>1<eH11e - 3TO KOrAa npOTl1BHl1K 3a-
xeaT1111 OCHOBHOH 6011bWaK, 1111W11B nyreH nOAB03a 6oe-
np11nacoe, · n11TaH11S1 11 nepe6pocK11 pe3epea,paKaAHb1x ny-
TeH. OnepaT11BHoe 0Kpy>1<eH11e npeAno11araeT OTHOC11Te11bHO
6011bwoe npocTpaHcTeo c KpynHbtM11 c1111aM11 eoi:icK. /
TaKTl14ecKoe 0Kpy>1<eH11e - 3TO 3Ha411T, npoTl1BHl1K. 3a-
xeaTb1eaeT ece nyT11 nOAB03a cHa6>1<eH11si OT KopnycHoro •
111111 A11Bl13110HHOrO nyHKTa, OT no11Ka K 6aTa11bOHy. nonK
,,.
nepepe3aH, HeT nyTeH A11S1 CHa6>1<eH11S1, TO eCTb B011CKa
"
1111watoTCS1 n11TaH11S1, nepe6pocK11 pe3epeoe 11 npo4eH cesi311
c BHeWH11M M11pOM, c COCeASIMl1, c TblJlOM. B TaKTl14eCKOe
0Kpy_>1<eH11e MoryT nonaCTb Al1e11311si, no11K, 6aTa11bOH 11
pOTbl. b .
"1 noc11eAHl1H B11A OKpy>KeHl1SI - OrHeeoe 111111, KaK Mbl

ero ·Ha3b1eaeM,· KOnbu,o.
j..13 TaKT114eCKOro H onepaTHBHOrO OKpy>KeHHSI MO>KHO
BblHTH He npHHSIB 6osi, HO TPYAHO npopeaTb KOJlbU,eeoe OK-
py>1<eH11e. J
0Kpy>KeHHe AilSI OKpy>Katow,ero He BblrOAHO, OHO Tpe-
6yeT 6onbWHX c1-111. ,D,11si Toro 4T06bl YHH4TO>KHTb OAHH
6aTanbOH, 3aHHMatow,1-1i:1 Kpyrefeyto o6opoHy, HHorp,a Tpe-
6yeTcsi He MeHee AHBH3HH. no3TOMY Hl1 OA11H pa3yMHblH
KOMaHAHP He . AOJl>KeH npHHHMaTb peweHHe Ha OrHeeoe
OKpy>KeHHe, TaK KaK 3TO noTepsi JilpeMeHH Ha OKpy>KeHHe
He60J1bWOH Cl11lbl. 3Ta OWH6Ka Ailsl MHOrn·x SIBH11aCb pOKO-
BOH ~ OHH n0Tepsi11~ He T0.11bKO 4aCTb CBOHX CH11, HO H
epeMsi.
OcTawoecK11H yaen · sie1-111cS1 HOB-OH MblCJlbto · e eoeHHOH
npaKTl1Ke, Aaewei:i MHoroe AI1S1 noc11eAytow,11x 6oee A11Bl1-
89.
31111. OnblT Ocrawoeo OKa3an HaM rpoMaAHYIO nonb3Y. Ha
Bbrpy4KY 6ara11bOHa JlbrceHKO nepe6pacb10aerc si c neeoro
cpnaHra 113 1073-ro crpenKoeoro non Ka 9-si pora nei1reHaHra
Kat0Ma rap11noea,. y411rem1 113 CeM11na11aTl1HCKa. KorAa pora
nocb111a11acb Ha Bbrpy4Ky, TO crae1111csi eonpoc o npopbree
K011b4a. naHcp1111oe xoren 3aAep>t<aTb npor11eH11Ka Ha on-'
peAeneHHoe epeMSI 11 pew1111, npopsae K01lb40 c ABYX
cropoH, Bb1eecr11 6aranboH 113 0Kpy>1<eH11S1. Ho :no He
YAaJlOCb. rap11noe noeen CB011X COJlAaT B araKy 21 OKTS16psi
1941 roAa. CeeepHee pa.i1oHa Ocrawoeo nosie111111cb 60
TaHKOe npor11eH11Ka. Pora repo114ecK11 cpa>1<a11acb c epa>1<e-
CK11M11 raHKaM11, HaHocsi npon1eH11Ky yw,ep6. B 3TOM 6oio
repoi1cK11 · nor116 nei1reHaHT r ap11noe. Or porb1 ocranocb
TOJlbKO wecTb 4e11oeeK paHeHblX 11 cnacw11xcsi. r epoi1cK11
nor116 JlblCeHKO co CB011M 6araJlbOHOM.
no HeCnpaeeAJ111BOCTl1 HeKOTOpblX HaWl1X KOMaHAi.tpOB
Aei1cre11si 6ara11b0Ha JlbrceHKO 11 porb1 nei1reHaHra KaioMa
rap11noea OCTaJlMCb HeOTMe4eHHbl_Ml1. Haw11 A11Bl13110HHble
n11care1111 no4eMy-.ro ro>Ke yM0114a1111 o repo114ecK11x noA-
e11rax 6aTaJlbOHa Jlb1CeHKO 11 POT bl r ap11noea. B CB011X
Bbrcryn11eH11six si acer Aa ocraHae1111eat0cb Ha 3Tl1X reposix.
TaK ee1111r MHe MOS! co.nAaTcKasi coeecrb. BeAb ·SI >f<11eoi1
CB11AeTeJlb, OHl1 6bl1111 M011Ml1 TOBap11w,aM11 no. opy>f<11t0, 11X
Aei1CTBl1SI SI C411TatO eepHblM11. reHepan naHcf>11110B TO>f<e
6b111 AOBoneH Aei1cre11siM11 3Toro 6ara11b0Ha 11 porb1.
6e3yc110BHO, 3TOT cny4ai1 SIBJlSleTCSI B 11crop1111 A11Bl131111
nepeb1M 06pa340M Maccoeoro repo113Ma, oKa3aew11M 6011b-
woe e1111siH11e Ha noc11eAyt0w,11e 6011. no3TOMY Henpaeb1 ece
re, KTO c411raer n0Ae11r 28 repoee 11MeHHO nepeblM c11y-
4aeM 6opb6b1 c epa>f<ecK11M11 TaHKaM11 11 nepebrM c11y4aeM
Maccoeoro repo113Ma.
nocne cepeA11HCKoi1 onepa41111 Mbl 3aMe4aeM nepeAe11-
>t<eH11e HeMe4Kl1X Cl1Jl Ha <j>JlaHrax A11Bl131111. npoTl1BHl1K
pew1111 pac411eH11Tb A11Bl1311IO nononaM, HO y Hero Hl14ero
He no11y41111ocb 11 20-21 OKTS16psi OH pewaer eb1i1r11 Ha
npSIMYIO AOpory.
c 4e11bt0 3aCTaBl1Tb npOTl1BHl1Ka npe>t<AeepeMeHHO pa3-
eepHyTb CB011 Cl1Jlbl, B pai1oH >t<11rax11 BblCblJlaeTCSI OTPSIA
noA KOMaHAOBaH11eM nei1reHaHTa AoHcK11x,. e pai1oH Kyca-
K11HO - Ma11eHbK11i1 orpsiA nei1reHaHra 6pyAHOro (raK OH
Ha3eaH B noeeCTl1 A. 6eKa). 3aAa4a 11X COCTOSIJla B TOM,
4T06bl nponycKaTb HeMe4K11e KOJlOHHbl, a noTOM orHeBblM
_HaneroM paccrpa11eaTb 11x 11 orcKaK11BaTb Ha3aA. 0011 E>pyA.,
90
HOro H ;ll,OHCKHX xapai<repHbl KaK nepBble 6011 H3 3aCaAbl.
npon1BHHK, OWeJlOMJleHHblH OrHeBblM HaJleTOM, pa3BOpa-
YHBaeTCSI, a enepeAH HHKOro . Her. B :no epeMSI HaWH
6b1crpo OTXOASIT H CHOBa - 3aCaAa, HeMU,bl onSITb pa3BO;.
paYHBa10rcsi, Haw11 OTXOASIT. B nocneAHHX 6osix 11ei:ireHaHT
,ll,oHCKHX no11yY1111 AeBSITb p.,HeHHH. Or CepeAbl AO Hoe-
JlSIHCKoro HeMu,aM npHWJlOCb npOHTH TaKHM MapweM YeT-
eepo cyroK. 3ry rpynn11poeKy nporHBHHKa Mbl Aep>t<a11H
AeHCTBHSIMH ManeHbKHX rpynn H 3acraensin11 eoeearb, no
cyw.ecrey, enycry10. HanaAeHHe ManeHbKHX rpynn 3acraeH-
110 HeMu,ee pa3eepHyTbCSI H npHHSITb 6oeeoH nopSIAOt<
AaJleKO OT Hawero OCHOBHOrO py6e>Ka. npOTHBHHK pa3eep-
HYJ1 ceoH apr1-111nepHHCKHe no3HU,HH e pai:ioHe >K11rax1-1,
CHTbKOBO, npH611H3HTeJlbHO e Yerb1pex-nsir1-1 KHiloMerpax
or Hawero nepeAHero Kpasi. 22-ro HeMU,bl eeAYT 601-1
nporHe Hoe11S1HCKOH rpynn11poeKH, Yro6b1 npopearb cppoHT
H BblHTH Ha Hoeowyp11Ho. ooH 3aesi3ancsi co 2-i:i poroH
nepeoro 6aranbOHa 1073-ro crpe11Koeoro non Ka, KOMaHAHP
porbl CeeplOKOB (6blBWHH 6yxramep AnMa-ArHHCKOH ra-
6aYHOH cpa6pHKH).
0AHOBpeMeHHO npOTHBHHK noee11 HacrynneHHe Ha 4ep-
HOBO. B 8 Yacoe yrpa OH HaYaJl apTHJlJlepHHCKYIO noArO-
TOBKY no paHoHy HoensiHcKoro. HeMU,bl - 6011bwHe cneu,H-
a1111crb1 Hrparb Ha Hepeax npOTHBHi1Ka: B B03Ayxe BHCSIT
caM011erb1, peyrcsi wpanHe11b, ocK0110YHb1e H cpyracHble
CHapSIAbl, c BOeM JleTSIT MHHbl, 6pH3aHTHble peyrcsi co
CBHCTOM H rpecKOM, B B03AYXe - K11y6b1 t1epHoro AblMa.
WpanHe11b npH pa3pb1ee Aaer seep nynb H HMeer BOIOW.HH
3~yK. Bee 3TH 3p1-1re11bHb1e H c_11yxoeb1e KOM6HHaU,HH oKa-
3b1ea10T CHJlbHOe MOpa11bHOe B03AeHCTBHe Ha JltOAeH,
AprH1111epHHCKHe noArOTOBKH o6blKHoeeHHO 6b1ea10T He
6011ee ABYX Yacoe, a 3TY npoTHBHHK ee11 eoceMb Yacoe. HaM
CHaYana 3TO 6bl110 HenOHSITHO, a nOTOM CTaJlO SICHO, YTO
u,e11b 6b111a - YHHYTO>KHTb ece >KHeoe, a nOTOM HATH Map~
weM. Mbl orKpb111H orOHb Ha npaeoM cpnaHre. MoHM neeblM
coceAOM 6b1n 6ara11bOH Mai:iopa MewKoea.
npOTHBHHK HaKannHeaeTCSI B necy H rOTOBHTCSI K aTaKe.
B 3TO epeMsi si y3Hat0, YTO 11eHTe!iaHT Ceep!OKOB rsi>Ke110
paHeH. ,ll,OKJlaAblBaei" ero OpAHHapeu, - MaJleHbKHH, 10pKHi1
rarapHH Myparoe. · .sl np1-1Ka3a11 Hai1rH Kpaeea H nocnarb ero
eo 2-tO pory, a caM noexan e Hoe11S1HCKoe. Or KOMaHAHOr6
nyHKTa AO HoensiHcKoro AOpora w11a necoM, MHe HY>KHO
6b1no nonacrb TYAa; ·Ha Haw Ha6nlOAarenbHbli1 nyHKT,,
91
6e3yc11oeHo, .si eo11Hoea11cS1. B 11ecy 6b1110 e~e repnHMO, HO
no cren11, Ha BHAY y nporHBHHKa, 11ererb Ha KOHe - . ca-
M0Yyecre11e Heea>1<Hoe.· Ho noMor c4acr 1111si:.1j;j c11y4aj;j, "13
Hos11S1HCKoro 11er11r ABYK011Ka, 3a Hej;j eepxosoj;j - co MHOH
noecrpe4a11"1cb y onywKH 11eca. B ABYK011Ke c11Ae11 Kyxa~
peHKO, KOMaHA11P 6arape11.
- · KyAa?---" cnpaw11saio,
SI 6b111 B03My~eH 6ercTBOM KyxapeHKO. · li1. Kp11KHy11:
- Ha3aA!
OH 6b111 11erKO paHeH s 111140, HO nosepHy11 ABYK011Ky.
fHee. Ha KyxapeHKO noMor. MHe no6eA11Tb csoj;j crpax~
noAbeXaB K 4epKBl1, SI nOAHSlllCSI Ha : Ha61110AaTeJ1bHblH
nyHKT BMecre c KyxapeHKO. Te11ecpoHHOH CBSl311 He 6b1110,
BK·lll04111111 paA110, nOAaJl KOMaHAY Ha 6arapel0 «OrOHb!»
-0Ka3b1saercS1, KyxapeHKO seh oroHb no rononoArOTOBKe
11 CMa3al1, CHapSIAbl peyTCSI AalleKO B CTOpOHe OT npOTl1B'-
Hl1Ka. SI,· KaK 6b1ew11j;j apr111111ep11cr, 3TO cpa3y ye11Aell H
,(\aio KOMaHAY 611Tb npaeee. 3ro 6011bwaS1 nonpaeKa. Aea
CHapS1Aa yrOA1111"1 npSIMO B HeMeL\KYIO rpynny (peAKl1H
c4acr1111sb1H c11y4aj;j e npaKT11Ke aprcrpe11b6b1). TaM C03Aan.::
c.si nepeno11ox, a SI 04eHb 06paAOBa11cS1 yAa4HOMY nonaAa-
Hl1IO 11 CKOMaHAOBa11: «ABaAU,aTb CHcipSIAOB 113 Ka>l<AOro
opyA11S1!» 3ro ycrasoM He pa3pewaercS1, HO SI pew1111, 4TO
11y4we o6pywHTbCSI Ha npoTHBHl1Ka cpa3y, a nOTOM no-
CMOTpeTb,. CKOJlbKO OCTaHeTCSI HeM4es, BeAb HHa4e. Hae
nepe6bt0T. B 611HOK11b ye11Ae11, 4TO HeM4b1 nopeAe1111. Mer-
pax B 50-TH neTHT HeMeL\KHH caMoneT, a nHllOT rp0311T MHe
KynaKoM, SI 11 eb1crpe111111 s He'ro. Bor raK s nopb1ee rHeea
4e11oeeK 3a6b1saer 06 ocropo>1<Hocr11. HeMe4 Ha4a11 T04HblM
06crpe11 4epKBH. Or cHapS1Aa nor116 paAl-'!CT. OrAaB KO,;,
MaHAYr 4T06b1 se1111 orOHb 4epe3 Ka>l<Able nSITb Ml1HYT no
nSITb CHapSIAOB, cnycTHllCSI BHH3 H no6e>Kan Ha KOMaHAHb'IH
nyHKT porbl, raM ecrper1111 Myparoea 11 6e11oe11u,Koro.
KoMaHAHP porb1 6b111 paHeH .. Mb1 ABaA4aTb10 Bb1CTpe-
11aM11 113 Ka>1<Aoro opyAHSI C03Aa1111 y HeM4ee nepenonox~
83SIB 6e11oe114Koro t co6oj;j, no6eman e npaeocpnaHroeblH
OKOn. np116era10, BH>l<Y >f<a11MyXaMeAa 603>1<aHOBa, nOmfT-
pyKa nyneMeTHOH' porbl. foeopio: «Tbl 4TO 3AeCb Aena-
ewb?» Oi<a3b1eaercS1, OH rip11we11 npoeep11Tb ceoj;j B3BOA
H, ye11AeB, 4TO KOMaHA11P porbl paHeH, np11HS111 KOMaHAo.:.
saH11e Ha ce6S1 .
. nponfBHl1K 0TKaTl111CSI Ha3aA. B11A11MO, OH· xore11 3AeCb
npOHTH, HO HaWl1MH ABaAL\aTblO BblCTpenaMH 6bll1 HaKpblT.
92
BeYepoM HeML.\bl araKoea1111 11 npopea1111 cppoHr y KpacHOH
r opbl. TaM o6opOHSIJ1aCb 6-si pora 2-ro 6araJ1bOHa .. 3ror
npopblB npo113owe.i:i 22 oKrsi6psi 194.1 rOAa ABYMst nexor-
HblMl1 no11KaM11. np0Tl1BHl1K 06XOAHblM MaHeBpOM paC4Jle.,-
Hl1J1 A11Bl1311IO 11 no11K nononaM. 0AHY rpynny OH nocnan Ha
Ko311HO, eropyt0 Ha 4y611HOBO - Jlyi<bSIHOeo, rperbto Ha
Hoeowyp11Ho 11 eb1we11 KO MHe e Tb111 Ha Ho0nsiHc1<oe. ,D,nsi
nap11po0aH11si YAapa y Hae H111<a1<1-1x pe3ep000 He 6b1no.
B 3TO >Ke speMst OH npopean Hawy o6opoHy · e paiioHe
Tpy1111c1-1 Ha y4acr1<e Kan1-1raHa Mewi<oea 11 ycrpeM1111csi Ha
Bo1101<onaMCK. npopb!B 6b1Jl cosepweH Ha yYaCTKe A11B"1311"1
e Yerb1pex Mecrax. ,
no111< nOJ1KOBHl1Ka Kanposa, OCTaTKl-1 6aTallbOHa Kan1-1Ta-
Ha Mew1<00a no np111<a3y OTXOASIT e Hanpa011eH1111 Cnac.,.
Pioxoec1<oe. 2-ii 11 3-ii 6ara11bOHbl 1 073-ro crpe111<00oro
non Ka Maiiopa E1111Ha OTXOASIT B Hanpae11eH1-11-1 Cocparoso __,.
KptoKoso. cPpoHT He npopsaH TOJlbKO Ha yyacrKe 1077-ro
crpenKosoro no11Ka Maiiopa WexrMaHa, no cyw,ecrey, no11K
H11KaK11x 6oes He ee11 11 ocrasancsi Ha ceoeii no311L.\"111 noA
yrp030H TaKTl14eCKOrO OKpy>1<eHl1SI. no3TOMY eMy np111<a3a-
HO OTXOAl1Tb e Hanpa011eH1111 Bono1<011aMc1<a Yepe3 6011bwoe
11 Manoe rononeposo, T11MOU:l1HO, M11xai11100Ky, l-1sa-
HOBCKOe.
nepBblH 6ara11bOH 1073-ro crpe111<0BOro no111<a B paHOHe
HoenstHCKOe - Bac1111beeo - Jla3apeeo ocraercsi s oK-
py>1<eH1111.
51 co6pa11 KOMaHAl1POB pOT 11 OTAall np11Ka3:
«3aHSITb Kpyroeyio o6opoHy, B L.\ellSIX 3KOHOMl111 6oe-
np11nacos crpe11S1Tb TOllbKO HasepHstKa, n0Anycr11e HeML.\eB
Ha 50-100 Merpos; n11eHHblX He 6parb, s nneH He CAa-
earbcsi. Crpe11S1Tb AO nocneAHero narpoHa, a nocneAH11H
ocra011Tb Allst ce6si. Apr111111ep11iicK11e opyA11S1 AOll>KHbl ee-
cr11 crpe11b6y Ha 1<apreYb npstMOH HaBOAKOH, noc11eAHl1M
CHapstAOM B3opsarb opyA11S1 H pacYer. 3a ecsi1<oe Hapywe-
HHe A11CL.\11nl111Hbl 11 nopstAKa, 3a HenoBHHOBeH11e HaKa3a-
Hl1e - TOJlbKO paccrpe11. H11KaK11x eb1roeopoe 11 B3blCKaH11i1
He cyw,ecrsyer».
B 3TO epeMst HeMeL.\Kl1e KOJlOHHbl AB11rat0rcsi Ha Bo110-
K011aMcK, B paiioHe Cnac-Pt0xoecKoro HAYT 6011. 3r11M11
60SIMl1 PYKOBOA11T caM reHepa11 naH¢HJ10B.
24-ro 1-ii 6ara11boH 1073-ro crpe111<oeoro non Ka eb1xo-
Al1T 113 01<py>1<eHl1SI c 60SIMl1 11 OCTaHae1111eaeTCSI Ha np110ane
e paiioHe l-1eaHoeo H coexo3a 11MeH11 Cra1111Ha e 11ecy. B 3TO
93
epeMsi no Hanpae11eH1110 Hoeowyp11Ho, Cnac-PioxoecKoe
ABH>KeTCSI HeMeu,KaSI KOJ10HHa, no 20-30 cpp11u,ee B Ka>KAOH
H.aw11He. Mbl BBOA11M e 6oi1 eoceMb opyA11i1, eoceMb
CTaHKOBblX nyneMeTOB. Ill 06pyw11eaeMCS1 OrHeM Ha HeMeu,-
KYIO KOJ!OHHY - :no tia3b1eaeTcS1 «np11w,eM11Tb xeocT» ... ,ll.o-
pora KOHTpo1111pyeTCS1. OrHeM A11SI Toro, 4T06bl He AaTb
nponmH11Ky AB11raTbCS1 snepeA.
BHe3anHblM orHeM npstMOH HaBOAKOH BOCbMl1 opyA11i1,
eOCbM11 nyneMeTos yH114T0>1<aeTCS1 no4Tl1 AO OAHOro 6a-
TanboHa npOTl1BHl1Ka B Tb111y, HO Tai< KaK :no He AaeT
AB11>1<eH11S1 eriepeA, HeMU,bl pew111111 pacripae11TbCS1 c Hawei1
rpynnoi1 e pai1oHe VleaHoeo, 11 1-11 6aTahboH 1073-ro CTpen-
Koeoro nonKa cHoea nonaAaeT e 1<011bu,o. HeMU,bl aTaKylOT.
nocne OT611Tl1S1 aTaK OHl1 OKa3blBalOTCSI B HeBblrOAHOM
no110>1<eH1111: Cnac-Pt0xosc1<asi AOpora 3aKpb!Ta, Aep>1<l1TCS1
nOA OrHeM. OblJ111, KOHe4HO,. >KepTBbl 11 c Hawei1 CTOpOHbl,
H co cTopOHbl HeMu,ee. Hawe· C4aCTbe 3a1<11t04anocb e -r·oJ.i..,
4TO nee 6blJ1 01<py>1<eH 60110Tl1CTOH MeCTHOCTblO, TaH1<aM11
nOAOHTl1' K HaM 6blJ10 HeB03MO>KHO, 11 HeMU,bl MOrn11 OKa-
3aTb AeHCTBl1e TOflbKO >K11BOH CHflOH ...
Bocnonb3oeaew11cb TeMHOTOH, 6aTanbOH Hanpae11ncsi 4e-
pe3 K1111w11Ho Ha ceeep Kpt0Koea 11 BonoKonaMcK. Te, KTO
ABHraeTCSI enepeA11, Ha3blBalOTCS1 ronOBHOH nOXOAHOH 3a-
CTaeoj;i (rn3), Te, KTO oxpaHS1eT cpnaHrn, noApa3AeneH11S1,
coeepwat0w,11e Mapw11, Ha3b1eat0Tcsi E>n3, Te, KTO oxpaHsteT
Tbln, Ha3b1ea10TCS1 Tb1noeasi 3acTaea 11n11 Tblnoeoe oxpaHeH11e.
BcTpe4an11cb 11 6e3rpaMOTHb1e 1<0MaHA11pb1. ,ll.e11>1<eH11e
6b1110 He no AOpore. KoMaHA11P nepeoj;i cTpe111<oeoi1 poTbl
cP11n11MOHOB Ecp11M Ecp11Moe114 cnyTan HanpcieneH11e, np11HS1e
ManeHbKYtO no>1<61-1H1<y Ha AepeeHtO M1111oeaH11 3a AOpory
Ha K1111w11HO 11 y1<nOHl1J1CS1 Ha BOCTOK, BblHASI npS1MO K npo-
THBHl1Ky.
E>aTanbOH BblTS1Hyncsi B KOflOHHy, KOflOHHa 04YTl1J1aCb B
M1111oeaH11. OT 110>1<611Hbl AO neca nonTopa KHnoMeTpa,
MeCTHOCTb OTKpblTaS1, Ha B11AY y npOTl1BHl11Ca He npOHAeWb.
npoTl1BHHK >Ke AYMan, 4TO Mbl ywn11 H AB11raeT enepeA
KOflOHHY 3a KOJ10HHOH. A Mbl CT011M OT. Hl1X B 500 MeTpax.
,ll.a! BoT TaK 113-3a 6e3rpaMOTHOcn1 <P111111M0Hoea 6b1110
noTepstHo epeMSI. Mb1 x0Ten11 eocnonb03oeaTbCS1 TeMHOTOH
H yi1rn ...
4To6b1 He 6b1Tb paccTpenstHHblM, HY>KHO 6b1110 pacCTpe-
n11eaTb caMHM, H nor1161·iYTb, He 3aw,11w,astcb, a HanaAasi,
HaAO 6b1no eb16paTb Ha11MeHbwee 3110. KaK 6b1Tb? Pa3eep-
HYTb opyA11S1, nyneMeTbl - nycTb OHH eeAYT 6oi1? •• Ho TYT
94
HY>KHO caMoe KOpoTKoe 'BpeMsi, BOT ecnH npocK04HTb
6eroM - :no 04eHb xopowo, a OTBOeBblBaTb cHnaMH 600
4enoBeK OTKpbrToe npocTpaHCTBO He TaK nerKo.
PewHn 6oeBoi1 nopSIAOK nocTpoHTb poM60M, He pa3-
aepTblBasi nyneMeTbl, apTHnnepHIO B 6oi1 He BBOAHTb, BBO-
AHTb TOnbKO BHHTOBKH. y Hae HacTynneHHe npHHsiTO AenaTb
nepe6e>+<KaMH,- :noro He AenaTb, a HATH yMepeHHblM
waroM; npHu,enbHblX BblCTpenoB He npOH3BOAHTb, TaK KaK
OHH 6yAYT 3aAep>t<HBaTb TeMn ABH>KeHHSI. nepBaSI porn B
nHHHIO, BTOpasi poTa B nHHHIO, TpeTbSI poTa B nHHHIO, B3BOA
CBSl3H, nyneMeTHaSI poTa B nHHHIO, apTHnnepHSI, 0603 - B
cepeAHHe.
6oeBoi1 nopsiAOK 6brn nocTpoeH B wepeHry. 4To TYT
npHHHManH BO BHHMaHHe? MaccOBblH oroHb H 4YBCTBO
HeMU,eB K caMocoxpaHeHHIO. DblnO npHKa3aHO BHHTOBKH
Aep>+<aTb TaK, 4T06br TpaeKTOpHsi noneTa nynH He ripeebt-
wana pocT 4enoBeKa, apTHnnepHsi, 0603 6osi He npHHHMa-
IOT, OHH ABHraioTcsi B cepeAHHe. 6o3>+<aHOB H PaxHMOB 6b1ni.t
B yrnax poM6a.
Mbl H3 nOW,HHbl Bb1Wnl1 H AanH 3ami H3 Bcex BHHTOBOK
B HanpaBneHH11 KOnOHHbl, KOTOpasi HAeT no 4eTb1pe. nepBblH
3ann 6brn yAa4Hbri1, OH 6yKBanbHO cKoc11n Bpara. WaraSI
4epe3 Tpynbr HeMu,ee, AaBsi HX KonecaMH cBoei1 apTHnnepHH
11 0603a, AOKaH4HBaSI paHeHblX, Mbl npownH 4epe3 peKy
Bpa>1<ecKoi1 KpOBH. ,ll,ownH AO neca. B :no BpeMSI AeBSITb
TaHKoe npoTHBHHKa 6pocHnHcb 3a HaMH BAOroH1<y. Mbr
pa3BepHynH ABa OPYAHSI, nOA6HnH ABa TaHKa. npoTHBHHK
YHH4T0>+<11n ABa HawHx opyAHSI, HO 0603 H nexoTa ycnenH
BOHTH B nee. HawH >t<epTBbl - OKOno 30 4enoeeK. no4TH
6aTanbOH HeMu,ee 6brn pa3AaBneH. 3To OA11H H3 3nH30AOB
BblXOAa 113 OKpy>+<eHHSI.c 6oeM OTXOASIT 4aCTH, 3aHHMaSI
npoMe>1<yT04Hble py6e>+<H AO BonoKonaMcKa.
TaHKOBasi Macca e 60-70 TaHKOB Bena 6oi1 3a Cnac-
Pioxoec1<oe. CioAa reHepanoM PoKOCCOBCKHM 6brnH nepe-
6poweHbl ABa npoTHBOTaHKOBblX nonKa. CopoK TaHKOB npo":'
THBHHKa 6blnH nOA6HTbl. 3TO nepBblH cny4ai1, l<OrAa Hawei1
A11BH3HH npHAaBanacb npOTHBOTaHKOB~SI apTHn-
nepHSI.
f eHepan naHcpHnOB opraHH30Ban B3aHMOAeHCTBHe CHn
11 CTan PYl<OBOAHTb 6oeM. nexOTbl 3AeCb 6brno Mano.
3acnyra reHepana naHcpHnOBa 3aKnl04aeTCSI B TOM, 4TO OH
enepeb1e pyKOBOAHn BBOAOM e 6oi1 npoT11BoTaHKOBblX non.;,
1<oe, 11 noA ero pyKOBOACTBOM 6b1n11 noA6HTbl 40 TaHKOB.
,ll,nsi Toro 4T06br HMeTb 6onee noAp06Hoe npeAcTaene-
95
H1-1e o 6o51x 8'-H reapAeHCKOH A1-101-131-11-1 noA MocKBOH,
peKOMeHAYto npo41-1TaTb noaecT1-1 El-eKa - TaM AaHbl 1-1 He-
KOTOpb1e o6o6w,eHJ.151.
27 OKT516p51 1941 roAa npOTJ.1BHJ.1K, cocpeAOT04J.1B CJ.111bl,
l-1AYW.l-1e no - OcTawoecKOMY 6011bWaKy B Hanpa0-11eH1-11-1 Co-
KOllOBO, W1-16aH000, KptoKoeo, B pe3y11bTaTe ynopHblx AByx-
cyT04HblX 6oee, noc11e >KeCTOKOH a01-1au,HOHHOH 6oM6e>t<KJ.1
80110Ko11aMcKa, 3aH1-1MaeT ero. BoT TYT npoTHB OAHOH 'Ha-
weH Al-1BH3HJ.1 AeHCTBYIOT -YeTb1pe A1-1BH3HJ.1 npOTHBHl-1Kci. E>oH
3a Bo110Ko11aMCK 6b1111-1 no TOMY speMeHJ.1 cHJibHblMJ.1 6o51MJ.1.
Bo110Ko11aMcK HeMu,aM 06owe11csi AOporo. · OH1-1 noT'ep51111-1
6011bwe no110BJ.1Hbl Tex CJ.111, KOTOp:.1e 6bl11J.1 y HJ.1X 3AeCb.
3aH51B Bo110Ko11aMcK, 0H1-1 Aa11bwe As1-1raTbC5I He cMor111-1
J.1 BblHY>KAeHbl 6bl11J.1- 3aHJ.1MaTb -o6opoi.;y cppo_HTOM Ha ,BO-
_CTOK, He cyMeJlJ.1 pa3BJ.1Tb ycnex, BblAOXJlJ.1Cb.
- ,ll,o 16 H0516p51 1941 rOAa H.eMU,bl Bbl-HY>KAeH_~· 0!>1111-1
o6opOH51TbC51, a 3aCTaBJ.1Tb no6eAJ.1Temi 20 _AHeH o6opOH51Tb-
C51 - 3TO 04eHb MHOro 3Ha4J.1110 ·s Te AHJ.1 1941 rOAa.
,ll,1151 MoCKBbl, KOTOpa~ TO_rAa HaXOAJ.111aCb B «nOAKOBe»
c cesepa H c tora,- 3TO 6b111 y>1<e 6011bWOH Bb1Hrpb1w. He
TOllbKO 20 AHeH, 20 4aCOB TOrAa pewa111-1 CYAb6y, Ad>Ke ABa
Yaca, a 3a 20 AHeH MO>KHO 6b1110 nepe6pocHTb u,e11yto
apM~1IO. "1 3TJ.1 20 cyTOK A11S1 Hawero KOMaHAOBdHJ.151 HMellJ.1
6011bwoe 3Ha4eH1-1e. ·
B 3TOM J.1 3aKllto4aeTC51 3ac11yra reHepa11a "1saHa BacH11b-
es1-14a naHcfJl-1JlOBa 1-1 HaWeH AHBJ.131-11-1, KOTOpOH YAallOCb
nepeMOllOTb >Kl-1BYIO c1-111y npOTJ.1BHJ.1Ka, o6ecKpOBJ.1Tb J.1 3a-
CTaBJ.1Tb ero npHH51Tb o6opoHy 1-1 npocT051Tb 20 cyToK Ha
3TOM yYaCTKe. BoT no4eMy s 1941 rOAY H - noAH51111-1 TaK
BblCOKO 8-to rsapAeHCKYIO AHBJ.13HIO, KaK 6oesyto H 3ac11y-
>1<eHHYIO Ha 3TOM OTBeTCTBeHHOM Hanpas11eHJ.1J.1 Ha nOACTY-
nax K MocKse ...
Haw1-1 3aH1-1Ma10T o6opoHy: B paHOHe E>yHropoAa, As-
AOTbHHO - 1077-H CTpe11KOBblH no11K WexTMaHa; 4eHU,bl
3aHJ.1MaeT 690-H CTpe11KOBblH nOllK, He BXOA51W.J.1H B Hawy
A1-1BJ.131-1to; Mb1KaH1-1Ho, 51Aposo 3aHHMaeT 1073-H CTpe11Ko-
BblH no11K MaHopa E11HHa 6e3 OAHOro 6aTa11bOHa (06 3TOM
CKa>t<y Aallbwe). 51Apoeo, ,ll,y6oceKoso 1-1 p51A Apyrnx,
BKlll04d51 CTdHU,J.1IO, 3dHJ.1MaeT 1075-11 CTpe11KOBbll1 nOllK Ka-
n1-1TaHa Kanposa. TaKoso no11o>t<eHHe cTopoH noc11e 3ciHS1TJ.151
Bo110KOildMCKa. npoTHBHJ.1K B o6opoHe, J.1 HdWlll B o6opoHe.
1-11 6aTallbO.H 1073-ro cTpe11Kosoro nont<a;- 3aHHMa51 060-
poHy Ha cesepo-3anaAHOl1 0Kpa1-1He BonoK011aMcKa
96
.(pa604HH noce110K, cpa6pHKa HMeHH JleHHHa), OCTaeTCSI B
oKpy>t<eHHH. BbrXOA H3 ot<py>t<eHHSI onHcaH eo eTopol1 no-
.eecTH oeKa.
npHBe,Qy HeCKOllbKO 3nH30AOB, CBHAeTellbCTBYIOW,HX 0
3Ha4eHHH 11H4HOro npHMepa KOMaHAHpa A11S1 nOAAep>t<aHHSI
Mopa11bHOro AYXa 60HU,OB. 51 CTOSlll OK0/10 eeTepHHapHoro
nyHKTa, B TO epeMSI KaK MOH 6aTallbOH nowe11 B HacTyn'-
11eHHe. HeMu,br eeAyT cH11bHblH ·o6cTpen, HO 60Hu,b1 HAYT,
HeKOTOpb1e . naAatOT. BnepeA SI nocnan ceoero ctapwero
a.QbtOTaHTa c opAHHapu,eM H, Kor Aa Y3Han, 4TO eb1cTynH110
noc11eAHee OTAe11eHHe, pewH11 HATH caM. Ill Mbl c 003ma-
HOeb1M now11H noc11e.QHHMH. ,ll,opora MeTpoe 500, Tenepi.
. HY>KHO 6e>t<aTb, HO SI HAY, noAOW11H K 11ow,HHe - onacHOCl'b
_MHHOBa11a. noAXOAHM K cfleAyt0w,eMy c6opHOMY nyHKTy .
.Ill TYT 003>1<aHoe npo4e11 MHe u,e11yio 11eKU,Ht0, 4TO 3ac11yra
'KOMaHAHpa He B TOM, 4T06 yMepeTb, a >KHTb A11SI Toro,
4T06br coxpaHHTb ceoHx 11t0AeH. Ho e .QaHHOM c11y4ae HaAO
6b1110 noKa3aTb 6oHu,aM, 4TO onacHOCTH HeT, HY>l<HO 6b1110
ncHxo11orH4ecKoe B03.QeHcTeHe. B3BOA CHa6>1<eHHS1, e3BOA
CBSl3H OTOWllH Ha ceeep c ApyrHM 6aTallbOHOM no11Ka, Mbl
.OKa3a11HCb 6e3 mnaHH SI, H 6bl110 y>1<e He 600, a OK0110 400
4e11oeeK, coxpaHHllCSI H MOH KOHb JlbrcaHbKa. Y HHK011aS1
.MHTpocjlaHOBH4a 6b111H nan11pocb1 H TPH cyxapS1. OH npHHec
HX MHe, HO BeAb ece XOTSIT KypHTb. no,QXO>l<Y K COllAaTaM,
yrow,aio, HO HH OAHH He B3Sl11 nanHpOCbl. 51 TOrAa He npH,Qall
'HHKaKoro 3Ha4eHHSI 3TOMy, a cei:14ac SI nOHSlll, HaCKOllbKO
HaWH 6oHU,bl 6bl11H 611aropOAHblMH.
. DaTallbOH nowe11 ,QallbWe.
HeMa110 HCK011ecHn SI co ceoHM 6aTa11bOHOM AOpor.
0Ka3blBaeTCSI, rOllOA CTpawHee HeMu,a. lllAeM B TblllY npo-
THBHl1Ka nS1Tb cyroK, ece ronOAHbre. nonaAat0TCS1 OT.Qe11b'-
.Hb1e 6aTallbOHbl, OTAellbHble pOTbl npOTHBHl1Ka, HHOrAa
npHXO,QHTCSI npHHHMaTb 60...-i, xon1 CHllbHOH Heo6xo,QHMOCTH
B 3TOM He 6bl110, HO AenanH 3TO, 4T06bl 1110AH 3a6bll1H 0
e,Qe, 4T06bl eocnOllb30Bal'bCSI cp11Sl>KKaMH HeMeU,KHX OcpH-
u,epoe. Ha wecTble cyTKH e OAHOM MecTe CAe11a11H npHean.
Ko MHe noAowen 6b1BWHH arpoHOM AnMa-ATHHCKOH ce-
neKU,HOHHOH CTaHU,HH: «ToeapHW, KOM6aT, pa3peWHTe 06-
, 'paTHTbCH». BHA y Hero HepsiwnHebrH. 51 npHKa3a11 oroi:irH Ha
AecS1Tb waroe, npHeecTH C:e6si e nop.HAOK. OH 3TO np0Ae11ah
. H, no.QOHAH, CKci3a11: «Xo4y KywaTb». HaKaHyHe si xore11
3ape3aTb JlblCaHbKYr HO 60HU,bl He AallH. 51 eMy OTBeTH11, 41'0
. ec1111 Moe·· MSICO cbe,Qo6Hoe; TO·. pe>t<bTe 11, . ewbTe. OH
4 -148
97
CMYTHnCR H ywen. ,SI scneA eMy KpHKHyn: «nepeAaj;j BCeM
TaK».
B OAHOM 6oto HeKOTOpb1e paHeHble OCTanHCb 6e3 MeA-
nOMOW.H, BHHOBHHKOM 6bln spa4 KpacHeHKO. JleHTeHaHT
6enHKOB' B OAHOM 6oto pacTepRnCR H cosepl,UeHHO He MOr
ynpaBnRTb S3BOAOM. DaTanbOH paCKHC, npe>KAe scero pac-
KHCnH ocp1-1u.epb1. HeT CTporocTH H noseni.HenbHOH KOMaHAbl
C HX CTOpOHbl,
.sl co6pan ocp1-1u.epos, HX 6b1no 36 4enoseK, HaAO 6b1no
npHHRTb KaKHe-TO Mepbl.
- 3a TO, 4TO ocTasHn paHeHblX Ha none 6oR, soeHspa4
KpacHeHKO pa3>+<anosaH s pRAOBb1e. CTapwHH caHHTap 1<1-1-
pees npoH3SeAeH s cpe11bAWepb1. 3a nnoxoe pyKOSOACTSO
B3BOAOM BO epeMR 6oR neHTeHaHT 6enHKOB pa3>KanoeaH
MHOto e PRAOBb1e. 3a xopowee pyKOSOACTBO MnaAWHH
KOMaHAHP B3BOAa YcHK Ha3Ha4eH KOMaHAHPOM B3BO-
Aa.
CMOTpto, ocp1-1u.epbl He 04eHb AOBOnbHbl 3THM. nepewen
K o6w.ei:1 4aCTH CBOeH pe4H.
KpacHeHKO B03Myn'incR:
.sl - n1-1u.o CTapwero Ha4cOcTasa, H Bbl He MMeeTe
npaea :noro AenaTb.
- Tb1 npae, KpacHeHKO, HO Tbl He _3Haewb, KTO R TaKOH.
Ocp1-1u.epb1 HeAOyMeeatow.e cMoTpRT Ha MeHR.
- ',SI npeACeAaTenb npe3HAHYMa BepxosHoro CoeeTa,
R npeACeAaTenb CoeeTa HapOAHblX l<OMHCCapoe, ff npeA-
CeAaTenb l<OMHTeTa 06opOHbl, ff rnaSHblH npoKypop
CCCP ... rnaBHOKOMaHAYtoW.HH BCeMH Boopy>+<eHHblMH CH-
naMM CCCP, nOHRTHO saM? Bb1 AYMaeTe, 4TO R cowen c
yMa? HeT, R s ceoeM yMe • .sl- - KOMaHAHp, no:noMy 6epy
BCIO enaCTb B CBOM PYKH. 0KKyn1-1posaHHaR TeppMTOpMR
CoeeTCKoro Coto3a RBnReTCR OKeaHOM, M 3TH 350 MeTpOe,
rAe Mbl ceH4aC CTOMM, RBnfftoTCR OCTpOBOM. l<oMy np1-1HaA-
ne>KHT eepxoeHaR enaCTb, KTO 3AeCb BepXOBHblH rnaBHO-
KOMaHAYIOW.MH? l<oHe4HO, R. SI MMeto npaeo He TOnbKO
pa3>KanoeaTb, HO M paccTpenRTb. np1-1Ka>KeTe MHe sac CAaTb
HeMu,aM? HeT, He SblHAeT. ronOAY sac He CAaM M HeMU,aM
He CAaM. EcnH Ltepe3 ABa-TpH AHR Mbl He coeAHHHMCR .c
HaWMMM, TO M3 nyneMeTa ecex eac CKOWY H caM 3aCTpe:..
ntocb. Baw1-1 >+<eHbl H AeTH 6yAyT 6naroAapHTb MeHR.
nocne ecex 3TMX pe3KocTeH noTpe6oean ew.e, 4T06b1
~ce nOATRHyn1-1cb H s3RnH ce6R e pyK1-1 ...
noAOWnH K AepesHe . nawKOBO. B APYrHX AepeBHRX
98
HaXOAHJlHCb HeMU,bl, HO :na AepeBHSI no4eMy-To He 6b11la
3aHSITa HMH. 51 cnpaw1-1eaio, KTO 3AeCb' OCTallCSI - npeACe-
AaTellb, 6p1-1raA1-tp? 0Tee4alOT: eCTb "1eaH neTpOBH4.
51 nonpOCHJl ero nOAOHTH, OH nOAXOAHT H :naK Harno
roeopHT:
- 4To eaM TYT AenaTb, eeAb TYT enacTb HeMeu,KaSI.
A SI eMy e OTeeT:
- 6aTaJ1bOH HAeT no Ti.111y npoTHBHHKa, AaBHO He en.
Te6e AaeTCSI nSITb MHHYT cpoKy, 4To6 AOCTaTb TPH Kopoeb1,
aapeaaTb HX, co6paTb ecex AepeeeHCKHX 6a6, 4T06b1 OHH
npHrOTOBHJlH HaM n1-1w,y.- 06paw,aiocb K XacaHoey: - Xa-
caHos, HAH, npocneAH,, 4T06b1 see 6b1110, KaK HaAO.
4epe3 AeCSITb MHHYT co6pa11acb SCSI AepeBHSI. np1-1ee11H
TPH Koposb1, SI np1-1Kqaa11 1-1x aapeaaTb. 3aTeM 06bS1CHH11
co6paBWHMCSI, KTO Mbl TaKHe, 4TO HAeM ceAbMble CYT·KH,
XOTHM OTAOXHYTb. "13 AepesHH HHKTO He AOJl>KeH BblXOAHTb,
KTO 3TO CAenaeT, 6yAeT paccTpe11S1H. noTOM nonpOCHJl,
4T06bl Ka>KAaSI X03SIHKa npHrOTOBHJla n1-1w,y Ha AeCSITb
6oi1u,oe.
51 6blJ1 04eHb AOSOJleH noseAeHHeM 3THX >KeHW,HH.
Asa AHSI OTAOXHy111-1, OAHH AeHb noeoesa111-1 c HeMu,aMH,
a Ha CJleAYIOW,HH AeHb yw111-1 H npHCOeAHHHJlHCb K CBOHM
4aCTSIM.
OcTaHoe1110Cb Ha HeKOTOpb1x AeTa11S1x.
nocne TaKOH npOAOJl>KHTeJlbHOH roJlOAOBKH OT o6HJ1b-
HOH nHW,H MOH 6aTa11boH aa6011e11. Mo>1<eT 6b1Tb, 06 3TOM
H HenpH11H4HO paccKa3blSaTb, HO 3TO HMeno CBOH HenpH-
SITHble nocneACTSHSI. 51 AOJl>KeH 6blJ1 3aAep>KaTbCSI ew,e Ha
ABa AHSI. Ha eeTepHHapHoM nyHKTe SI Hawe:n u,enyio 6y-
Tbl11Ky on1-1yMa, KO MHe noAowen K1-1peee, 1-1 SI ee11e11 eMy
aa6paTb 3TOT OnHyM.
Ko MHe nOAXOAHT PaxHMOB (oH 6b111 npoceew,eHHblH
4e11oseK) H roeop1-1T:
- BoT ec111-1 6b1 6b111 on1-1yM, TO MO>KHO 6b1110 6b1
0
0611er4HTb no110>1<eHHe J110Aei1.

OH ywen, a SI Ha4an ne4HTb... 0AHH conAaT KaK-TO
oco6eHHO 6011eaHeHHO nepe>1<1-1ea11 ceoi1 HeAyr, H SI Aan eMy
pa36aeneHHOe MHOH neKapcTeo (noncTaKaHa BOAbl Ha no-
ncTaKaHa onl1yMa). B :no epeMSI np1-1we11 Pax1-1Moe, a SI y>1<e
H caM HaMepeea11cS1 npHHSITb TaKyio nopu,1-1io. OH MHe 1-1
roeop1-1T:
- 4To >Ke Bbl AenaeTe, pa3ee TaK MO>t<Ho, eeAb 3TOH
6yTblJ1KOH MO>l<HO Bbl11e4HTb TblCSl4H 4e11C>seK! ..
A on03Aai1 PaxHMOB Ha HeCKOJlbKO ceKYHA, SI 6b111 6b1
99
B TaKOM no110>1<eHHH, Kc}K H TOT COI1AaT, KOTopblH Bbl~:l\1II
JleKapCTBO MOero H3rOTOBJ1eHHSI,. npaBAa,. M!>I ero OTno11!i'11
MOilOKOM H cnac1111 ...
naH<f>HI10B Bbl3Ba11 MeHSI C. AOKilaAOM. 0AHOH 113 ero
oco6eHHOCTeH 6bl110 yMeHHe BblCilYWHBaTb no-oTeYeCKH.
Yexa11 SI OT Hero Yaca B ABa HO"IH. noc11e MOero paccKa3a
0 Jle"leH.HH on11yMOM OH CMeSIJlCSI AO CJ1e3. c pa3>1<a110Ba-
HHeM Tex ABOHX cornac1111cS1... 14 HOS16pS1 1941 roAa MeHSI
Bbl3blBalOT Ha KOMaHAHblH nyHKT' H KOMaHAHP AHBH3HH
CTaBHT c11eAyto~y10 3aAaYy: 3aHSITb o6opoHy B paHOHe
AepeBHH roplOHbl Ha Bo110KOJ1aMCKOM wocce, .CTaH41111 MaT-
peHHHO H OTMeTKH 235, 1, npOTSl>KeHHOCTb BOCeMb KHilO-
MeTpoe • .si np11we11 B y~c OT Toro, YTO 6aTa11bOH 3aHH.MaeT
TaKOH 6011bWOH yYaCTOK o6opOHbl.
0TMeYy e~e OAHY oco6eHHOCTb reHepa11a naH<f>H11osa:
OH yMe11 pacno11araTb K ce6e noAYHHeHHblX, a BeAb :no
.He11erKo. To, YTo SI AYMa11, SI OT Hero He cKpb1sa11 11 cKa3.a11:
- KaK >Ke. Bbl AaeTe MHe Ha BoceMb KHilOMeTpOB 400
Ye11oseK?
OH ol'seYaeT:
- A Bbl He 6oHTeCb, OAHY poTy - B roptoHbl, 'OA-
HY - Ha CTaH411io MaTpeHHHO, OAHY Ha OTMeTKY 235, 1.
TorAa. SI He noHHMa11, AYMa11, YTO OH pacnb111S1eT c1111b1,
11 cnpaw11saio:
- KaK >1<e SI 6yAy ynpas11S1Tb?
naH<f>HilOB rOBOpHT:
- Ec1111 KOMaHAHPbl OCBOSIT 3aAa4y AO KOH4a, TO yr.i-
paBilSITb HMH He noTpe6yeTCSI.
Ho MHe Bce-TaKH :no Ae110 He n0Hpas1111ocb. BHAHMO,. 01:1
npo4e11 BCe Ha MOeM 11H4e, OCTaHOBHil y ABepeH 11 CKa3a11:
- Mb1 3AeCb 3aHHMaeM o6opoHy, HeMe4 Ha AHSIX
npopseT ee, ABYX 3we110HOB y Hae HeT. Bbl 6yAeTe S1B11S1TbCS1
BTOpblM 3We110HOM HaWeH AHBH3HH.- nocMOTpe11 Ha MeHSI
M r:osopMT: - Bbl 3HaeTe, BeAb SI >1<epTsyio BaWMM 6aTa11b-
OHOM, npoAep>KJ.:tTeCb AO ABaAUaTOrO Ha py6e)f(e r OplO-
Hbl,;......; MaTpeHHHO - OTMeTKa 235, 1, ..
.sl 6b111 YAMBileH: HeM4b1 e~e He np11w1111, a OH CTaBMT
MHe TaKyto. 3aAaYy, Aa e~e roBopMT, YTO >1<epTBye:r. . qc;i,
TaJlbOHOM. BeAb He Ka>KAblH KOMaHAHP TaK OTKpOBeHel:f C'(>
CBOMM nOA"IMHeHHblM ...
15-ro 3aHMMaeM o6opoHy. 16 HOS16pS1 194 !roAa HeM4b1,
cocpeAOTO"IMBWHCb, npMBeASI B nopSIAOK Te CMilbl, KOTOpble
BOeBa1111 3a Bo110Ko11aMcK, MO~HblM yAapOM np.Opb111aior
100
tppoHT 0 Tpex MecTax: Ha npa00M cpnaHre 0 pal1oHe
6yi1ropoAa 11AeT · >KecToK11l1 6011 c noApa3AelleH11S1M11
1077-ro CTpe11Ko0oro non Ka Ma11opa WexTMaHa, 0 pa11oHe
A0AOTbl1HO npop0aH cppoHT Ha y1.1acTKe 690-ro no11Ka,
OCH08HOl1 YAap HaHeceH 0 pa11oHe 4eH4b1, Ha 11e00M cpnaH-
re no11Ka, 8TOpol1 OCH08HOl1 YAap, KaK o6XOAHbll1 Ma-
He0p,- 0 pa11oHe ,LJ,y6oceK000 Ha y1.1acTKe 1075-ro cTpe11-
K00oro no11Ka. 3To 0Topol1 TYP HacTyn11eH11S1 HeM4e0 Ha
MocK0y ...
17 Hosi6psi cTan~ AHeM Ha116011ee sipKoro nposi011eH11S1
Macco0oro repo113Ma co11AaTaM11 11 ocp114epaM11 Hawel1
Al181131111. Cnpa0eA111100 Ha3b10at0T noA011r · 28-M11 06pa340M
rep0113Ma, HO 8 TOT AeHb 3TO 6bl/10 He eA11Hl14HblM c11y-
1.1aeM. B 3TOT >Ke AeHb Ha y1.1acTKe 1077-ro non Ka; 0 pal1oHe
Aepe0H11 CTpoK000 11 canepo0 0eAyT 6opb6y c 20
TaHKaM11 npoT110H11Ka 11 repo111.1ecK11 nor116atoT. B 3TOT >Ke
AeHb 0 pal1oHe Aepe0H11 Mb1KaH11Ho · 17 6eccTpawHblX noA
KOMaHA08aHl1eM 11el1TeHaHTa Yrp10M08a 11 no1111TpyKa re-
oprne0a 8eAyT rpaHaTHblH 6011 npOTl18 25 TaHK08. 1113 17
1.1e1100eK y4e11e110 TOllbKO A80e, 11 0H11 noA6111111 0oceMb
TaHK08.
HeML\bl 8blHY>KAeHbl 6b11111 no0epHyTb Ha3aA.
B pa11oHe Aepe0H11 .s!Apo00, 0 Tb111y 2-ro 6aTa11bOHa
1073-ro CTpe11K080rO .non Ka MJ1aAWl111 11el1TeHaHT lllc11aM-
Ky1100 MyxaMeTKyn 11 11el1TeHaHT Orypee0, c11y1.1al1Ho 01.1y-
T110w11cb 0 Tb111y c 20 cTpe11KaM11, oTpa>KatoT aTaKy 6aTa11b-
OHa HeMeL\KHX a0TOMaT1.111Ko0. B 3tot >Ke AeHb 0 pa11oHe
,LJ,y6oceK080 npoTl18 50 TaHK08 8eAYT 60pb6y nOA KOMaH-
A08aH11eM K1101.1Ko0a 28 6011400 4-11 poThl cTapwero 11ei1-
TeHaHTa ryHA111108114a 1075-ro non Ka no/1K08Hl1Ka. Kanpo0a
(ryHA111100111.1 0noc11eACT01111 norn6 0 1.111He Mai1opa). B 3TOT
>Ke AeHb MaCC08blH repOM3M npOS18111111 80 CTpe11K08 KO-
MaHA11pa CeMeHa Kpae0a, no1111TpyKa AxTaHa XataH00a, Ha
cTaH41111 MaTpeH11Ho 120 cTpe11Ko0 noA KOMaHA08aH11eM
11ei1TeHaHTa <P1111·11M0Ho0a Ecp11Ma Ecp11Mo0111.1a 11 90 cTpe11-
K08 noA KOMaHA08aH11eM 11el1TeHaHTa TaHK00a 0 Aepe0He
fopK>Hbl Ha Bo110Ko11aMcKoM wocce. BoT cKOllbKO c11y1.1ae0
l1Me1111 MeCTO 17 HOS16psi 1941 rOAa, a He TOJlbKO nOA811r
28-Ml1.
Ec1111 My>KecT00 KaK11x-111160 rpynn, noApa3AeneH11i1 111111
OTAellbHb.IX 6011400 OCTaJlOCb HeOTMe4eHHblM, TO 3TO He
AenaeT 1.1ecTM KOMaHA11py, pyK080ACT0y, .3Ha4MT, OHM He AO
KOHL\a 8bln011Hl11111 c0ol1 AOllr; 6bl/10 6bl co0epweHHO He-
101
cnpaeeAm1eo H HeyMHO, ecnH 6b1 Mbl ycnex ecex repdee
u.enHKOM H nonHOCTblO C4HTanH 3acnyroi1 28. 0HH 6blnH
H eCTb - 28, H JI AO 3eMnH npeKnOHJllOCb nepeA HX
My>+<ecTBOM. CYHTalO ero o6pa3U,OM Maccoeoro repoH3Ma,
HO KOrAa roeopJIT, 4TO OHH 6blnH eAHHH4Hbl, :no y>+<e He
AenaeT YeCTH AHBH3HH. BTopaJ1 cTopoHa Aena - noYeMy
repoH o6513aTenbHO nor116a10T, noYeMy HX He eb1pyYa10T?
Ha caMOM Aene 6b1n11 npHHJITbl ece Mepb1 KaK co CTopoHbl
reHepana naHcpHnoea, TaK H Kanpoea, ryHAHnOBH4a, HO ece
CTapaHHJI 6blilH 6e3ycneWHblMH, nOTOMY 4TO CHna eCTb
CHna, H npeeOCXOACTBO npOTHBHHKa eCTb npeeOCXOACTBO.
0cHoeoi1 no6eA Hawel1 AHBH3HH npoTHB wecTH AHBH3Hi1
npoTHBHHi<a J1BnJ1nHCb xopowHe 6oesb1e Ka4eCTBa conAaT
H KOMaHAHpOB H AeHCTBHJI reHepana naHcpHnOBa KaK py-
KOBOAHTenJI. Maccosb1l1 repOH3M 6b1n np11cyw, 6oi1u,aM He
TOnbKO B AeHb 17 HOJ16pJ1, a Be3Ae H BCIOAY·
4TO TaKoe MaCCOBblH repOH3M? ::ho 6opb6a, TeXHHKa,
"1CKYCCTBO BeAeHH51 60J1, noBeAeHHe cdnAaT H ocp11u,epoe.
BoceMb YenoseK He no6eAJ1T. 80 HHKOrAa, cHna sce-TaKH
eCTb CHna, HO, KaK rnaCHT Ka3aXCKa51 norosopKa, KynaKOM
y6beWb OAHoro, yMoM - TblCJl4H. Cysopos rosop11n, 4TO
no6e>KAalOT He 4HCnOM, a yMeHbeM.
8-51 AHBH3HJI BblWna npOTHB wecTH HeMeU,KHX AHBH3HH
i-le KynaKOM, a YMOM ocp1-1u,epoe H COnAaT CBOHX, HCKyc-
CTBOM 8eAeHH51 6051. B AOKa3aTenbCTBO 3Toro npHBeAy
xapaKTepHblH 3nH30A Ha cTaHU,HH MaTpeHHHO.
B 12 Yacos 16 HoJ16pJ1 20 HeMeU,KHX caMoneTos AenalOT
HaneT. L..l,enb1l1 AeHb AO seYepa npoTHBHHK seAeT apT11nne-
p1-1i1cKyio nOAfOTOBKy. '8 3TO >Ke speMJI Ha OTMeTKe 235, 1
iieMU,bl BeAyT apnrnnepHHCKYIO nOAfOTOBKY no 2-H pore.
~ HaXOAHnCJI B. roplOHaX. 17 HOJl6p51 asHaU,H51 npOTHBHHKa
nosropJ1er ro >+<e · caMoe. Jlei1reHaHr cPHnHMOHOB AOKna-
Ab1eaer, 4TO HeMU,bl HaKann1-1saiorc51 AnJI araKH. A reHepan
naHcpHnOB npHKa3an AO 20-ro npoAep>KaTbCJI. ,D,eHCTBH-
TenbHO, npOTHBHHK BeAeT >KeCTOKYIO. aprnOAfOTOBKY . no
KY4Ke nioAei1 s 120 YenoseK. 3eMn51 3aMep3na, yKpblTHe
Bb1pb1Tb TPYAHO. HeMU,bl >Ke XOT51T so 4TO 6b1 TO HH crano
B351Tb y3noeoi:1 nyHKT. B11>Ky, orHesoe npeHMyw,ecrso Ha
cropoHe npOTHBHHKa, asHaU,HOHHOe TO>Ke; npHKa3aHO Aep-
>KaTbCJI AO 20-ro, HO npH TaKOM COOTHOWeHHH CHn ocra-
HeTCJI >KHB KTO-nH6o H3 3THX 120 4enoseK?
npHXO>KY K y6e>KAeHHIO, 4TO AO 20-ro H3 3TOM pOTbl
HHKoro s >KHBblX He ocTaHeTCJI. CneAOBarenbHO, 3aAa4a He
102
6yAeT BblnOJlHeHa. nonpo6yeM CAenaTb Tat<, Kat< X04eT
npon1eHHK. OH xoYeT B3SITb MaTpeHHHO - nycTb · 6epeT.
Bbl3b1eat0 <P1-111HMOHoea "' np1-11<a3b1eat0 6e>1<aTb e 6ecno-
PS1A1<e, B naHHKe, co CTaHU,HH MaTpeHHHO. np1-11<a3aHO 6e-
>1<aTb - 6er1-1. Y MOCTa e 11ow,1-1He - ocTaHOBHTbCSI. 60J;iu,b1
no6e>1<a111-1 epaccbrnHyt0, e 6ecnopS1A1<e. Hat< TOJlbKO HawH
no6e>1<a11H,- HeMU,bl npeKpaTHJlH apTHJ111epHHCKYIO CTpenb6y.
HeMeU,KHH 6aTanbOH, 1<0Topb1i:1 6b111 npeAHa3Ha4eH A11S1
aTaKH, 3aHS111 cTaHU,HIO MaTpeHMHO. TaK KaK pyccKHe Ha HX
r11a3ax no6e>1<a111-1 e naH11Ke, OHH Aa>Ke He YAOcy>1<1-1111-1cb
nocraBHTb 4aCOBblX. 4epe3 30-40 Ml1HYT Bbl3b1Bal0 cPHJlH-
MOHOBa H 003>KaHoea, n·pHKa3blBalO:
- Pa3AenHTb 11t0Aei:1 Ha TPH rpynnb1 H 3aTeM c KpHKOM
«ypa»! 6pocHTbCSI Ha cTaHU,HIO MaTpeHHHO c Tpex cTopoH.
<P1-111HMOHOB YAHe1111cS1, HO npHKa3 ecTb npHKa3. 120
4e11oee1<, CTpenSISI Ha XOAY, c t<pHKOM «ypa» ! c Tpex CTOpOH
epb1sat0TCS1 Ha cTaHU,HIO MaTpeHHHO. HeMU,bl B naHHKe
no6e>1<a111-1. Ocj>1-1u,epb1, Aa>1<e yrpo>1<aS1 n1-1cro11eTOM, He MO-
ryT np1-1secTH e nopS1AOK cso1-1x conAaT. HeMU,bl 6eryT. Haw1-1
paccTpe1111eat0T 11x. B pe3y11bTare 6osi 6b1110 YHH4TO>KeHo
200 epa>1<eCKHX COJ1AaT H Ocj>Hu,epoe, 3axea4eHa WTa6HaSI
MaWHHa c AOKyMeHTaMH.
XoYy 06bS1CHHTb, noYeMy SI noApo6Ho ocraHae111-1eat0cb
Ha Aei:1cTBHSIX ceoero 6aTanboHa. noroMy, 4TO SI ero 3HatO
nyYwe H xapaKrepHble np1-1Mepb1 np1-100>1<y 113 >KH3HH ceoero
6aTanbOHa. He HaAci AYMaTb, 4TO SI 3THM xoyy CKa3aTb o
ce6e, 4TO SI caMoe11t0611eH - 3TO He Tat<. Tat<MX 6ara11b0Hoe
6blJ10 B A11Bl13HH HeMano, 6blJ1H H 11y4w11e 6a"i"a11bOHbl.
Ha OTMeTKe 235, 1 HeMU,bl eenH aprn1111ep1-1J;icKyt0 noA-
roTOBt<y. Kpaee no Tenecj>oHy cnpaw1-1eaeT: «4To AenaTb,
HeMU,bl Moryi- o6oHTH?» 4ero xoYeT 3AeCb npOTHBHHt<? OH
xoYeT OKpy>1<HTb 3TY rpynny H YHl14TO>KHTb ee. 6yAeM
AenaTb Tat<, Kat< OH X04eT. np1-11<a3b1Bal0 Kpaeey npHTBO-
pHTbCSI MepTBblMH, 4T06bl C03AaTb y HeMU,eB JlO>l<HOe ene-
4aT11eH11e. HeMeAneHHO npet<paw,aeTCSI Haw oroHb. HeM-
U.bl TYT >1<e KOH4at0T apT1-11111ep11J;icKyt0 noArOTOet<y. Ceep-
Tb1eaercS1 KOJlOHHa 11 nOAXOASIT eoceMb TaHKOB. /J,yMaSI, 4TO
MOCT 3aM11H11poeaH, 3Kl1na>K Tpex nepeAOBblX TaHKOB - Ae-
BSITb· 4e11oee1< - BblXOAl1T OCMOTpeTb MOCT. B 3TO epeMSI
«MepTBble» BOCKpecatOT, nOAHHMalOTCSI c Kp11t<OM «ypa»!,
11 80 4eJ10BeK 6pocat0TCSI · B KOHTpaTat<y npOTHB 400. ny-
neMeT.,11K KOpOTKOH 04epeAblO y1<11aAbteaeT 3Kl1na>K, oc-
MaTp11eat0w,11J;i MOCT.
B 11Tore YHl14TO>KeHo 150 . HeM4ee, 3axea1.1eHo OAHO
103
opyAHe, OAHH TpaKTop-Tsira4, 150 CHapsiAOB,, TPH TaHKa,
WTa6HaSI MaWHHa c AOKyMeHTaMH.
Yrpo3a OKpy>+<eHHSI He TOJlbKO npeAOTepaw,aeT.csi, HO
Aa>Ke KOH4a~TCSI no6eAOl1 ...
HeMU.b• ilpopeanH cppoHT. "1 4epe3 ,lJ.y6oceKoeo CTpe-
MSITCSI Ha 51ApOEio, AMenbcpHHQ. "1AeT 6011 B fyceHeeo, Hei
1-11 6aTa.ribOH. 1073-ro nOJlKa, CO CTOpOHbl ~ApOBO, noKpoe-
CKOe, MaTpeHHHO, ,lJ.y6oceKoeo HacTynaeT npoTHBHHK.
K ee4epy 17 Hosi6psi KO MHe Ha Kn sie11sit0Tcsi KOMaH-
AHpbr 1073-ro cTpenKoeoro non Ka EnHH, nonKOBHHK Ka-
npoe, .KOMaHAHp OAHOrO npOTHBOTaHKOBOrO no11Ka B 4HHe
Mal1opa. B 3TOT AeHb si 3axea4eHHbre AOKyMeHTbl 0Tnpae11si11
B WTa6 - 4eTblpe MeWKa 6yMarH.
B 12 4acoe H04H MeHsi K TenecpoHy Bbl3breaeT reHepan
naHcpHrioe H Tpe6yeT A0110>KHTb o6CTaHOBKy. 51 AOJlOmHJl.
TyT >Ke coo6L1.1Hn, 4TO Ha MOeM KOMaHAHOM nyHKTe Haxo-
ASITCSI nonKOBHHK Kanpoe H EnHH. nocne MOero AOK11aAa
naHcpH110B MHe npHKa3blBaeT: «npHMHTe KOMaHAOBaHHe
ace11 rpynnol1». 51 e~e pa3 nb1Tat0cb eMy AOno>+<HTb, 4TO
y M·eHSI Ha ilyHKTe HMeeTCSI nOJlKOBHHK, .HO reHepa11 na1:1-
cpH110B i:Ka3an: «npHMHTe Bbl» ..
b03>KaHOB, BHAS1,.4TO si'' K011e611t0Cb, roeopHT: «A~ca~a11,
e3iH,i3 6ac~apb1H,bl3, 6i3Ai ewKiMre TanCb1pMaH,blj3 ( «Yea>Ka-
eMbll1, KOMaHAYl1Te caMH, He. nepeAaeal1Te Hae HHKOMY»).
nocne pa3rOBOpa C HHM BCSI MOS! HepeWHTenbHOCTb HC4e_3-
11a,. SI eepHyncsi r-ia Kn H CKa3aJ1, 4TO reHepan naHcpHI10B
npHKa3a11 MHe npHHSl'rb .KOMaH.!\oeaHH,e. 51 OT Aa11 . KOMaHAY
H CTaJl KOMaHAHPOM rpynnbl, HO TOJlbKO B Te4eHHe weCTH
4acoe. B 3THX 06cTOS1Te11bcTaax MHe o4eHb noHpaeH110Cb
noeeAeHHe nonKOBHHKa Kanpoea, ero 6011bwasi BbrAep>+<Ka,
OH 6ecnpeKOCJ10BHO nOA4HHHJ1CSI npHKa3y. reHepana naH-
cpH110Ba. BoT · 3TO yMeHHe noeHHoeaTbcsi .H ecTb nono>+<H-
TenbHasi 4epTa 3'roro 4e11oeeKa .•.
B'ropol1 OCHOBHOl1 TaKTH4eCKHH 3aMblC_e11 naHcpHnoea -
3TO OTBJ1e4et-iHe npOTHBHHKa. B CTopor-iy OT OCHOBHoro ero
HanpaeneHHSI, OT HanpaeneHHSI Ha. MocKey. no3TOMY naH-
cpH110B OTXOAHJl TO . enpaeo, TO eneeo OT 60J1bWaKa, a
npOTHBHHK BblHY>KAeH 6bl11 npecneAOBaTb ero. Ll,e11b 3TOrO
MaHeepa onSITb-TaKH 3aKJlt04aJlaCb B TOM, 4T06bl 3aAep>KaTb
npoTHBHHKa H TeM BblHrpaTb epeMSI •..
,D.ol1Asi AO AepeeHH MarpeHHHO, rAe oKa3aJ1HCb HeMU.bl,
HaM, 4T06br nepe11TH 6011bUJaK, npHWJlOCb npHHSITb 6011.
OCTaHoe11t0cb Ha 3nH30Ae nepexoAa 6011bwaKa. ,D.nsi Toro
104
4to6bl HeMU,aM He AaTb B03MO>KHOCH1 ABHraTbCSI, naHcj:>HJlOB
:no MeCTO nperpaAHll, nepepe3ae. AOpory. KorAa naHcj:>H-
. noe 3aHHMciJi CBOIO OCHOBHYIO n03HU,HIO, OH He CTpeMHJ1CSI
K 6onbWaKy, a o6XOAH11 ero. npoi"HBHHK BblHY>KAeH 6b111,
L1T06b1 o6ecneYHTb ce6e HOpMa,1bHOe ABH>t<eHHe no 6011b-
waKy, oT6pocHTb Ha 5-10 KHnoMeTpoe YaCTH KpacHoH
ApMHH. 3THM naHcj:>HnOB OTBneK npOTHBHHKa B CTOpOHy,
A061-111C:S1 pacnb111eHHS1 ero cHn H npo1-1rpb1wa epeMeHH A11Sl
HeMu,ee. noTOM CHOBa pblBKOM OH CTaHOBHJlCSI Ha nyTH
npOTHBHHKa. 3AeCb SlpKoe npOSIBJleHHe «CnHpanH» naHcj:>f1-
noea. Cn1-1panbt0 si 3TO Ha3b1eat0 noToMy, LITO ece 601-1
naHcj:>HJlOBCKOH AH~H3Hl1 nOA lv\OCKBOH x.apaKTeplibl TeM,
LITO OHa nepepe3ana nyTb, OTCKaK11eana B CTOpOHY 11 ye-
neKa11a 3a ·co6oi1 npOTl1BHl1Ka, OTBOA1111a ero KHJlOMeTpoe
Ha 10, nOTOM pblBKOM CHOBa CTaHOBl1JlaCb Ha ero nyT11,
cHoea yxoA11na. TaK11M11 MaHeepaM11 .c11nb1 npoT11eHHKa pac-
nb1nsit0TCS1, Haw11 4aCTl1 CHOBa BblXOASIT Ha 60JlbWaK,. 3TO
'8 HaCTOSIW,eM CMblCJle cnoea 113MaTblBa.H11e npOTHBHHKa Aa-
eano Bbl11rpb1W BO epeMeHH. 3TOT OnblT ceHLlaC np11MeHS1-
eTCSI y>1<e MHor11M11 reHepanaM11 11 nonKOBH11KaM11. B no-
cneeoeHHOe epeMSI 3Ta «Cn11pallb» BOHAeT B eoeHHYIO 11c-
!op11t0, H SI HaAelOCb, LITO aBTOpCTBO naHcj:>l1JlOBa 6yAe.T
np113HaHO.
B paHOHe AepeeeHb rony6u,oeo, ABA0Tbl1HO, EcppeMOBO,
AMenbcj:>HHO eeAyTcSI 0>1<ecTOL1eHHb1e 601-1 HawHx YacTeH c
npoTHBHHKOM. TyT . HaXOAHTCSI 1-H 6aTaJJbOH .1077 nonKa,
e · AMenbcj:>HHO - 1077-H nonK. B 3THX pai1oHax eenacb
OLleHb ynopHaSI 6opb6a, H 601-1 TaM 6blJ111 HCKJllO\.IHTeJlb!-10
KpoeonponHTHblMH.
0 MecTe r116en11 11 canepoe SI y>1<e cKa3an, KOrAa
roeop1-1n o 6osix e paHoHe CTpoKoeo ... TaM OCHOBHblM 6b1n
1 '-H 6atanboH 1073-ro non Ka. Ae11raTbCS1 no 6onbwaKy
HeB03MO>KHO - OCHOBHaSI Cl1Jla npOTHBHl1Ka 6b111a Ha npa-
BOH CTOpOHe 6oiJbWaKa 11 n03T<;>My np11 BblXOAe 113 OKpy-
>1<eH11si, K.Oi'Aa Haw11 YacT11 HaXOA11J111Cb iia npaeoH cTopoHe
>t<eJle3HOH AOpOrH, 6aTanbOH OTBOA11TCSI B o6paTHYIO CTO-;
poHy, TO eCTb Ha neeyio CTOpoHy, AOXOAHT AO AepeBHH
MaTpeHl1HO. roplOHbl 6blJ111 y>t<e CAaHbl, H no BonoKOJlaM-
CKOMY wocce HenpepblBHO AB11raJ111Cb enepeA KOJlOHHa
3a KOJlOHHOH HeMU,bl. 4TO >Ke AeJlaTb?
Mbl pacnOJlO>KHJ111Cb B OAHY Jll1Hl1IO 061111311 wocce, HaAO
6b1Jl0 Bb16paTb MOMeHT AllSI Toro, 4T06bl npocKOLIHTb L1epe3
npoxoAsiw,11e no 6onhWaKy HeMeU,KHe Ko110HHbl. BApyr
105
npOXOAHT MOTOL..\HKn, 3a HHM nerKOBaSI MaWHHa, 3a Helf
rpy30Bble c COnAaTaMH, a Mbl HaXOAHnHCb MeTpax B 25-30
OT AOporn. MHOM 6b1no AaHo pacnopS1>KeH1-1e nponycTHTb
nepeyt0 nerKoeyt0 MaWHHy, 3a HeM rpy3oeb1e, a KOrAa
npOXOAHT nocneAHSISI nerKoeaSI MaWHHa, AatO KOMaHAY
«0rOHb !» np1-1Ka3 OTKpblTb orOHb 6b1n TOnbKO no KY30BaM
MaWHH, B wocpepoe He CTpenSITb. Pac4eT 6b1n Ha TO, 4TO
OHH, oxeaYeHHble y>KaCOM, He OCTaHaenHBaSICb, CBOHX pa-
HeHblX H y6HTbLX 6blCTpo noee3yT Aanbwe, a Mbl e :no
epeMSI npocK04HM Yepe3 AOpory.
TaK H CAenanH. nocneAHtOIO nerKoeyt0 MaWHHY npHKa-
3aHo 6b1no OCTaHOBHTb, n03TOMY 6b1n B3SIT Ha np1-14en H
wocpep H CHAsiW,HM PSIAOM c HHM ocp1-14ep. OcTaHOBHTb
MaWHHY Mbl pewHnH AnSI Toro, 4T06bl 3axeaTHTb AOKyMeH-
Tbl. KorAa OTKpb1n1-1 oroHb, nerKoeaSI MaWHHa cpa3y ocTa-
HOBHnacb. ,D,ea ocp1-14epa cnpbirHynH, ynanH, wocpep ocTan'."'
CSI 3a py neM. HeKOTOpb1e HeML..\bl nocne CTpenb6b1 cnpb1r-
Hy n1-1 c MaWHH,. HO y>Ke cMepTenbHO paHeHble. Wocpepb1
B 6e3yMHH norHanH MaWHHbl. 51 KpHKHyn enepeA rpynne,
4T06bl pblBKOM npo61-1panHCb B nee.
y Hae 6b1no TaKoe yKa3aHHe: y61-1n HeM4a, AOKa>KH 3TO.
Mano cKa3aTb SI y61-1n 10-j 5 HeM4ee, Aaeai:1 AOKa3aTenb-
cTea. no3TOMY HaWH 60ML..\bl 6blnH npHy4eHbl - y61-1n HeM-
4a, ne3b K HeMy B KapMaH H AOCTaeaM AOKyMeHTbl. 3TO
AenanOCb nOTOMy, 4TO Ha BOMHe 04eHb MHOro BblAYMblBa-
IOT, KaK H Ha OXOTe; TOnbKO np1-14en1-1ncS1, a roeopHT, y>Ke
y61-1n, y61-1n OAHOro - roeopHT, 4TO y61-1n 10. BoT H 6b1no
npHKa3aHO - y61-1n, AOKa3blBaM AOKyMeHTOM ...
51 nOAan KOMaHAY «BnepeA!», H Mbl pblBKOM ycTpeMH-
nHCb TYAa, K TpynaM 50-60 HeM4ee, KOTOpble cnpblrHynH
c MaWHH H 6blnH nOACTpeneHbl. 51 noeepHyncSI H KpH4Y
ceOHM nt0AS1M: eo3bMHTe AOKyMeHTbl. B 3TO epeMSI SI
HaXOAHnCSI KaK pa3 OKOno y6HTOro ocpHL..\epa H3 nerKOBOM
MaWHHbl. ,D,yMatO, HaeepHoe, y Hero HHKTO He ycnen B3SITb
AOKyMeHTbl. HeT, CMOTpt0, KnanaH KapMaHa OTKpb1T. He-
Mel..\ - 6eno6p'blCblM, Ha pyKe cneA OT Yacoe. KTo >K 3TO
ycr.ien? TyT nOAOWen E>o3>KaHoe, Mbl. 3a6panH H3 MawHHbl
paAHOCTaHL..\HIO. ::ho 6b1na wTa6HaS1 MaWHHa, B3SlnH AOKY-
MeHTbl, npOTHBOTaHKOBOM rpaHaTOM B30peanH MaWHHY H
ywnH e nee.
OcTaHoe1-1n1-1cb Ha np1-1ean. HaYanbHHK WTa6a 6aTanbOHa
Pax11Moe nonpoc1-1ncS1 OCMOTpeTb MeCTHOCTb, SI roeopio:
«li'IAH, ocMaTp1-1eai:1.» OH nowen co ceoHM opAHHap4eM. Mb1
106
CHAHM, KYPHM. B3BOA 11eHTeHaHTa oypaHaeBCKOro 6bl11 no-
CTaBJleH AI1S1 npHKpblTHSI co CTOpOH-bl 6011bWaKa, 4T06bl
HeMeu, He 3acTa11 Bpacn11ox. BoT Mbl CHAHM, pa3roBapHBa-
eM, KYPHM ... BApyr B3BOA E>ypaHaeBcKoro c KpHKaMH «He-
MU,bl, HeMu,bi!» no6e>t<a11.
51 HH4ero He ycne11 CKa3aTb, KaK Beeb MOH 6aTa11bOH
no6e>t<a11. 3TH My>+<ecrneHHble IllOAH, KOTOpb1e 4eTb1pe AHSI
Apa11HCb B OKpy>+<eHHH, no6e>t<a11H B naHHKe, B 6ecnopS1AKe.
DpOCHilH ABe npOTHBOTaHKOBble nyWKH, · KOTOpble C 60llb-
WMMH TPYAHOCTSIMH Bb1Be11H H3 OKpy>KeHHSI.
y MeHSI ·MeilbKHy11a MblCilb! KaK >t<e TaK, 4eTb1pe pa3a
BblXOAHilH H3 OKpy>t<eHHSI, H3-3a 3THX nyweK Mbl BCei"Aa
Tepne11H HenpHSITHOCTH. He XOTeJlOCb HX 6pocaTb, a OHH no
Tpone He npoXOASIT, npHXOAHilOCb HCKaTb nyTHr 3aAep>t<H-
BaTbCSI, BblHOCHTb Ha n11e4ax. EAHHCTBeHHaSI MblCilb, KOTopaSI
npHw11a MHe B ro110By: Hey>+<e11H Bee 'npona110?
noMHHTe CilOBa naHcpHilOBa: >t<eprBeHHblH 6aTailbOH?
A 6aTa11bOH Haw yu,e11e11. H BOT - HeMU,bl, a co11AaTbl 6eryT.
.sl c110BHO ou,eneHe11. CM0Tpt0, AeHCTBHTeilbHO, OAHa TaH-
KeTKa H OKOJlO. 20 HeMu,eB HAYT Ha paccTOslHHH 100-150
MeTpOB. Dblil y MeH.SI TaKOH MOMeHT OTyn11eHHSI, KOrAa SI He
Mor OTAaTb HH KOMaHAbl, HH pacnopsi>t<eHH"SI. MHOH OB11a-
Ae11a eAHHCTBeHHaSI MblCilb - Hey>+<e11H Bee npona110? BApyr
c11b1wy ro11oc COeAopa .ll.MHTpHeBH4a To11cTyH0Ba; nomnpa-
6oTHHKa:
- CMOTpHTe Ha CBOero KOMaHAHpa; . Ha KOM6aTa,-
KpH4all OH,- OH OCTailCSI OAHH, a Bbl ece 6e>t<HTe! KaK BaM
He CTblAHO, Ha3aA!
3TOT ro11oc AOWeil AO 6oHU,OB • .LJ.a11bwe, CilblWy, MHMO
MeHSI ny11H CBHCTSIT, BOT TYT Beeb 6aTaJlbOH noBepHy11 Ha3aA.
C11b1wy KOMaHAY COH11HMOHOBa, noTOM 6oHU,bl ycTpeMHilHCb
Ha npoTHBHHKa. .sl Bee ew,e He Mory npHHTH B ce6S1. no
cyw,ecTBy, 3TO 6b111a naHHKa. Ho BOT, 4TO 3Ha4HT B03AeH-
CTBOBaTb Ha COBeCTb COilAaTa, KaK 3TO CAe11a11 T 011cTyH6B •
.sl 06S13aH To11cTyH0By, KOTOpblH npeKpaTHil naHHKY 11 no-
BepHy11 IltOAeH o6paTHO. 3TO 6blll My>t<eCTBeHHblH nocTy-
noK. A SI OCTallCSI OAHH, KOrAa Bee no6ema11H. npaBAa,
noc11e :noro 3nH30Aa 6oi:iU,bl npHnHCblBa11H MHe OTeary H
My>+<ecTBO, HO SI 3Toro He npH3HaBa11 3a co6oi:i. 0TBarH He
6bll10, a 6b111a HaCTOSIW,aSI pacTepSIHHOCTb, SI IlHWHilC~
4YBCTB, Aapa pe4H H ABH>t<eHHSI, HO 3TOT c11y4aJ;1 xapaKTepeH
B CM,b1c11e I1H4Horo npHMepa. 0TCtOAa BHAHO, KaK MO>+<Ho
MrHOBeHHO HarHaTb naHHKY H KaK ee MO>t<HO MrHOBeHHO
107
npece4b. BoT no4eMy SI . yTsep>KAato, 4TO 4yscTso cTpaxa
nocTOSIHHO conposo>KAaeT · co11AaT. MHe 4acTo 3aAasam1
sonpocb1, npaBAa 11H, 4TO 4e11oseK, ·npoweAWHH MHoro
6oee, npeepall.\aeTCSI KaK 6b1 e 6ecCTpawHoro. 4yecTeo
CTpaxa npec11eAyeT 6oJ;1u,a nOCTOSIHHO, 'H B Ka>KAOM 6oto
CTpax HeH36e>KeH. MoH 6aTa11bOH npowe11 MHoro 6oee, 6b111
B OKpy>KeHHH 4eTb1pe pa3a, H sce-TaKH JllOAH noc11e MHOrHX
6oee OKa3aJ1HCb Hecnoco6HblMH npeOAOJleTb CTpax. no3TO-
·MY SI He cor11aceH c TeM, 4TO 6b1sa110My co11AaTy HenpH-
cyll.\e 4YBCTBO CTpaxa. "1MeSI 6oeeoH OnblT, MO>KHO TOJlbKO
HHa4e nepe>KHTb, 11er4e npeoA011eTb :no 4yecTeo cTpaxa, HO
6eccTpawHoro C011AaTa B a6cOJ1IOTHOM CMblCJle CJlOBa HaHTH
Heeo3MO>KHO. lleccTpawHe 6b1ea11oro co11AaTa - e ero
onb1Te.
PaxHMOB He sepHy11cS1, MO>KeT 6b1Tb, nona11 e n11eH,
MO>KeT 6b1Tb, ero y61-111H, HO noTepS1Tb .TaKoro BblAep>KaH-
Horo, YMHoro, x11aAHOKpoeHoro Ha4aJ1bHHi<a wTa6a A11SI
KOMaHAHpa 6011bwoe rope, TeM 6011ee 'B Tbl11Y npOTHBHHKa.
SI, paccTpoeHHblH noTepeH PaxHMoea, 6ercTeoM 6aTa11boHa,
Ha3Ha4HJ1 11eHfeHaHTa 6ypaHaeecKoro B rOJlOBHOH A030p,
a OH 'BMeCTO Toro, 4T06bl nOHTH Ha ceeepo-BOCTOK, YAa-
JlHJlCSI Ha ceeep6-3anaA. SI He KOMaHAHP OTAeJleHH'SI H He
;D,011>1<eH HATH B rOJlOBHOH A030p, a 06S13aii KOMaHAOBaTb
6aTal1bOHOM, HO enocneACTBHH MHe caMOMY npHWJlOCb
HATH BMeCTO 3TOro A03opa H A030pHoro.
SI crpeMHJlCSI B AepeBHIO ryceHeeo, AYMaSI, 4TO TaM
WTa6 AHBH3HH. noAXOAHM. ryceHeBO ropHT, H HenOHSIT-
HO - HeMU,bl TaM HJlH HaWH. Mbl OCTaHOBHJlHCb Ha AOpore.
Pew1-111H pa3BeAaTb. llaTaJlbOH ocTa11cS1 Ha AOpore, e oxpaHy
noc11a11H OAHO OTAe11e'H1-1e e 12' 4e11oeeK noA KOMaHAOBa-
HHeM cep>KaHTa ranoHeHKO, yKpaHHLJ,a. Pa3BeA4HKH He B03-
epaw,atoTCSI, MeCTHOCTb OTKpbrrasi. C11b1wy, c OAHOH· cropo-
Hbl ry11 Moropoe, c ApyroH cropoHbl ry11 Moropoe, 3Ha4HT,
KpyroM HeML,\bl. 0Ka3bleaercsi, OCTaHOBHJlHCb Mbl Ha pa3-
BHJ1Ke AOpOrH. nocKOJlbKY pa3BeA4HKH He eepHyJlHCb, Ha-
4aJ1bHHKa wra6a ceoero si n0Tepsi11, pewaio caM npoeepHrb,
KaK HaWH npaBblH H 11eBblH A030pb1 BblnOJlHSllOT CBOH
o6si3aHHOCTH, raK KaK OT HJ( 6Al1TeJlbHOCTH 3ae1-1ce11a ceH4aC
COXpaHHOCTb 6aTclJlbOHa. nowe11 npoeepHTb, 4TO >Ke Ae11aeT
OTAeJleHHe ranoHeHKO. CMOTpto; ece OHH y 6011bworo Ay6a
cnpsira11Hcb H CHASIT, KaK 4b1n11s11a e rHe3Ae, BMecro roro,
Yro6b1 oxpaHSITb 6araJJbOH.
SI· CKOMaHAOea11 «CTaHoeHcb !» H roe op to:
108
,...- PaccTpe11s110 ecex KaK npeAaTene.:1!
bOH4bl H"1 cnoea B OTBeT, CTOSIT 6neAHble, see. Bblpae-
HSIIlHCb (:no y>1<e roeopHT 0 np"13HaH"1H B"1Hbl "' noKOpHOCT"1
COilAaTa). KorAa SI o6bSIBHil, 4TO paccTpe11S110 ecex, rano-
HeHKO CTa/l npocHTb He paccTpe111-1eaTb. 51 BblCTpe111111 B
ranoHeHKO, OH np1-1ce11, HO TYT >1<e np1-1nOAHS1IlCSI H roeop1-1T:
- He HaAo paccTpe1111eaTb ecex.
51 noAyMan, 4TO SI ero paHHn 1-1 onSITb BblCTpe111111. B :no
epeMSI pa3yM MHe nOACKa3an, BeAb OH npOC"1T 0 now.aAe
.He AI1S1 ce6S1.
,ll,ea pa3a SI CTpe11S111 e Hero Ha TaKOM 611H3KOM pac:-
CTOSIH"1"1 1-1 He nonan. Hy, roeop10, 3Ha4"1T Te6e >l<HTb
nono>+<eHo. BcTaH~, 3aHHMaH ceoe MecTo. ·
noTOM 3TOT >1<e 'ranoHeHKO Tp"1 pa3a cnacan MeHSI B
601-0. 51 3TOMY TOrAa He npHAaean 3Ha4eHHSI. Ho nocne,
KOrAa SI o HeM AYMan, SI noHHMan, 4TO 3TO caMblH 611aro-
POAHe.:1w11.:1 4e11oeeK 113 ecex Tex, c KeM SI ecTpe4a11cS1.
TaKoro cnpaeeA111-1eoro conAaTa, TaKQr.o CblH.a cnoco6Ha
6b111a poAHTb Hawa npeKpacHaSI YKpaHHa. OH Mor 6b1 e
OTMeCTKY He pa3 nycTHTb MHe ny1110 B 3aTbl/lOK, HO OH
OC03Han, 4TO B TO epeMSI, KOrAa XOTen paccTpellSITb ero,
SI 6blll npae. J..1 TO, 4TO OH npOCHil now.aAbl .He A/lSI ce6S1,
a TOilbKO AllSI OTAeneHHSI, TO>+<e xapaKTep1-13yeT ero KaK
611aropOAHeHWero 4enoeeKa. no3TOMY SI Mory yTeep>t<AaTb,
4TO KOrAa HaKa3aH"1e cnpaeeA/lHBO, CO/lAaTbl He 061-1>t<a10.TCSI
"1 He MCTSIT ..
B KH"1re Bbl BCTpeT"1Te HeCKOilbKO nOATBep>t<AeHHH MOeH
cpopM y 111-1pOBKe, 4TO OCMblC/leHHaSI, 3ac11y>+<eHHaS1, cnpaeeA-
/lHBaSI, 6ecnow.aAHaSI CTporOCTb K COllAaTy H."1KOrAa ero He
0611>+<aeT, OHa Heo6xoA1-1Ma, ryMaHHa H 4e11oee4Ha. Cnpa-
eeA11HeocTb - Ta/l"1CMaH - "' ero AO/l>t<eH HOCHTb B ce6e
Ka>+<AblH KOMaHAHP H COilAaT. T OllbKO CH/lOIO cnpaeeAl1"1-
BOCT"1 cnpaeeAI1HBb1e 6b1Ba10T cnpaeeA11HBblM"1. B 3TOM
CMblC/le ranOHeHKO SIBilSleTCSI OAHHM 113 MOHX Y4HTe/leH.
,SI AO .CHX nop KpacHelO 3a CBOH BblCTpellbl no HeMy, KaK
npoS1e11eH11e Moe.:1 ropS14HOCTH 1-1 Heeb1Aep>+<aHHOCTH, Ho
3TOT ypoK B AallbHeHWeM nOMOr MHe o6y3Ab1BaTb ce6S1 •••
51 HaMepeeallCSI BCTpet"1Tb CBOH 4aCTH B AepeBHe ryce-
HeBO 1-1 Ko11naK1-1, HO OHM y>+<e 0Tow111-1. Hae 3acTa11 ee4ep.
,ll,epeeHSI Hoeo-noKpoecKoe S1B11S1eTCS1 y311oeb1M nyHKTOM
4eTb1pex wocce.:1Hb1x 1-1 >+<ene3HOH AOpor1-1. J..1 reHepa11 naH-
cp1-111oe CTpeMHllCSI onepeA"1Tb npoT"1BHHKa e 3TOM. y311.e. Ho
SI 06 3TOM He 3Hall1 TaK. KaK · CBSl3H 'Y Hae He 6bl/l0, no
·109
6e3AOPO>Kbl0 HaM ABMraTbeSI 6blJ10 HeJlb3SI, y Hae 6blJ10 ABe
nywKM, n03TOMY ABMranMeb Mbl no TponaM M npoeeKaM.
23-ro 4Mena Mbl BblWJlM Ha nepBblH cpnaHr AMBM3MM B
palioHe eeeepHee KonnaKM.
8CTpe4ato KOMaHAHpa 3-ro 6aTanboHa 1077-ro nonKa
eTapwero 11el1TeHaHTa Koeaneea. OT Hero Y3Hato, 4TO 18
HOS16psi HaM 6blJ10 npHCBOeHO 3BaHMe reapAeHeKOH AMBM-
3MM. ,D,MBM3MSI 6b111a nepeHMeHOBaHa 0 8-IO reapAeHCKyto,
Harpa>KAeHa opAeHOM KpaeHoro 3HaMeHM. Y3Han SI M
TpeTblO, y>1<e ne4aJlbHYIO HOBOeTb, 4TO B paHOHe AepeeHM
ryceHeBO non-16 reHepall naH<f>MJlOB .••
,D,o wTa6a AMBl13MM HaM ocTaeanocb Kl1JlOMeTpoe 15. Mbl
YeTeepTble cyTKM ABMraeMcsi, ronoAHble. .sl nonpoc1o111 Ko-
eaneea Hae HaKopM11Tb, HO y Hero HMYero He OKa3anoeb.
0AHO AeJlO HaKOpM11Tb OAHOro 4e11oeeKa, Apyroe - 6a-
TaJlbOH. XoTSI 6aTa11bOH K TOMY epeMeHM · 3Ha4MTenbHO
nopeAen, HO HaKopM11Tb 6b1110 TPYAHO. ob111 CMJlbHblH
MOpo3, 11 ronoA ow,yw,a11eS1 ew,e CMJlbHee. KorAa pyKM M
HOrl1 Mep3HyT, 3TO ew,e TepnMMO, HO KOrAa 3aMep3alOT
eHyTpeHHOCTM, 3TO y>1<e nnoxo. KorAa HAeWb - Hl14ero,
a oeTaHOBMWbeSI - ow,yw,eHMe TaKoe, 6yATO 3aMep3aeT
eecb opraHM3M, YyecTeyewb, 4TO HMeHHO BHYTPH
Mep3HeWb.
Mb1 AOWnH AO WTa6a A11BH311H. KoMaHAOBaHHe AHBH-
3Hel1 npHHSIJl nonKOBHMK WenyAbKO. 3axo>1<y e WTa6. 3Ha-
eTe, KOrAa KOMaHAHP enHWKOM nony11S1peH H era 04eHb
nto6SIT, TO noTepSI ere BHOeM·r paecTpOHeTBO B pa6oTy. B
WTa6e AMBH3HM 6ecTOJ1KOBaSI 6erOTHSI, JllOAH caMM He CBOH.
,D,a H Ha4aJlbHMK HOBblH, TaK 4TO WTa6 AHBH3MH SI He Y3Han.
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6eACTBeHHOM no110>1<eHHH, OH npHKa3an nonKOBHHKY Ka-
npoey pa3blCKaTb Hae nt06ol1 U,eHOH. no3TOMY B TblJl npo-
THBHHKa, B palioH MaTpeHHHO H roplOHbl 6b1na nocnaHa
poTa . .si paccKa3blBalO 06 3TOM noTOMy, 4TO X04Y nOA4ep-
KHYTb ew,e pa3 J1H4HOCTb reHepana. naH<f>Hnoea. 3TO xa-
paKTep1-13yeT ero H KaK Yenoeei<a, M KaK reHep'ana, He
6pocaiow,ero CBOMX JllOAeH. B apxMee WTa6a AMBH3HH eCTb
Cneu,HaJlbHOe nMCbMO-pacnopS1>1<eHHe naH<f>HJlOea ..•
no npH6blTMH B WTa6 SI nony4MJ1 npHKa3aHHe HanHCaTb
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112
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113
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114
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115
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116
ceo11 06S13aHHOer11 He raK. MHor11e aAbtOTCIHTbl nOHMMat0r
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>Ke Cyn1-1Ma 6b1n 04eHb eMenblM M · xpa6pb1M eonAaTOM.
KorAa SI 1-13y4an no Kapre HanpasneHMe Ha Kpt0Koso, Ha
Moei1 Kapre s npasoM yrny MHe see SMAenoeb 4epHoe
nSITHO. U.MpKyneM OTMep11n paeeTOSIHMe, Mbl HaXOAMnMeb
s 30 KMnoMerpax or MoeKsbl. l-fay4aSI MeerHoerb or Kpt0-
Koso,. HY>KHO 6b1no npeAyeMorperb see HanpasneHMSI. Ko-
MaHAMp, KOTOpblH 1-13y4aer MeCTHOCTb TOnbKO s OAHOM
HanpasneHMM, ow1-16aeTcS1~ HaAO npoAyMaTb sap1-1aHTbl pa3-
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peweHMe. '
Mb1 orcrynan1-1. CaM co6oi1 Hanpaw11saneS1 sonpoc:
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nyHKTax CMO>KeM CHOsa yKpenMTbCSI? EcnH He yAep>t<MMCSI
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Bbl eee .3Haere, KaKoe nono>1<eH1-1e 6b1no s :nor MOMeHT
e Moe Kee~ 0Ha 6b1na noA · 60M6e>1<Koi1. ·
C 6aram:.oHOM SI npoeen 27· 6oes, c nonKOM '---- 13. B
pe3y nbrare nocneAHMX 6oee. nonK y>1<e He 6b1n · nonKOM -
:no 6b1na ManeHbKaSI 6oesaS1 rpynna My>t<ecrseHHblX nt0Aei1,
3aKaneHHblX ··e cpa>1<eHMS1X, 41-1cneHHOCTbt0 He 6onbwe 6a-
ranboHa, a. Ha3bleanaeb nonKOM, "1 !pe6osaHMSI ·K Hei1
npeAbS1SnS1nHCb,. KaK K nonKy. Hy 4TO >Ke! nosot0eM s
KpioK:oao, nOAOHAeM K MocKse He 6onbwe 4eM c poroi1,
no ecei1 sepOSITHOeTM.
SI M3y4an Kapry, B .:no speMSI MHOrMe nblTanMCb KO MHe
nonacrb, Ho aAbt0TaHT 11x He nycKan. A Kapra ropoAa
MocKsb1, rAe Mbl MornM 6b1 soesarb nocne oreiynneHMSI 113
Kpt0Koeo, npeAerasnslnaeb MHe 4epHblM nSITHOM, nSITHOM
no3opa. Pew11e He yLlacreosarb s no3opHblX 60S1x Ha yn1-1u,ax
MoeKSbl, SI eb1pe3an M3 ceoei1 Kaprb1 y4acroK MocKSbl M
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c M3bSITblM y4aerKOM MocKsb1, Aar1-1poeaHHyt0 31 4McnoM,
MO>KHO HaHTM s apx1-1se 19-ro rsapAeHeKoro. nonKa.
MHOIO 6b1Jio peweHO Aanbwe Kpt0Koso He MATM, no-
3TOMY He 6bl110 HaA06HOeTM MMeTb :ny Kapry, reM 6onee,
._,4ro 3TO 4epHoe nSITHO pa3Apa>t<ano. Mon4a cenM sepxoM,
'·AOrHanM nonK 11 31 HOS16pS1 3aHS1nM Kpt0Koso, ero· 3anaAHYt0
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pa3pewat0.
117
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AeHb, 3aKOH4HB peKorHOCU.HpoeKy, onpeAenHe pai:ioH, SI
OTAaJl npHKa3, 0 COAep>t<aHHH KOTOporo y>+<e roeopHn.
C11b1wy wyM caMoneToe. CM0Tpt0, KpacHb1e KpblJlbSI co
3Be3A04KOH, Mbl HHKOrAa HX He BCTpe4anH, HHKOrAa COKO-
Jlbl-aeHaTOpbl Hae He nOAAep>t<HBaJlH H BApyr nOSIBJlSllOTCSI.
CepAu.e paAyeTcSI. 111 ... o y>+<ac! Hawe 3eeHo Ha4HHaeT Hae
me 6oM6HTb! BHAHMO, KOMaHAHPY 3BeHa 6b1110 nopyYeHo
HATH HaeCTpe4y H 6oM6HTb HeMeU.KYIO 4aCTb, 4T06bl AaTb
HaM eo3MO>t<HOCTb 3aKpenHTbCSI Ha py6eme. A OH npHHSIJl
ttac 3a HeMi.J,ee ...
BoT 3Ta Tonorpacj:>HYecKaS1 6e3rpaMOTHOCTb KOMaHAHpa
aeHaU,HH H 3aCTaBHJla ero 6oM6HTb MOH 6aTaJlbOHbl, npHHSIB
HX 3a HeMeU.KHe. - ~ OT 3Toro 4YTb c yMa He cowen. - K
c4acTbt0, He 04eHb MeTKO 60M6H11M. TaK npoH3owno Moe
nepsoe 3HaKOMCTSO c HaWHMH asHaTopaMH.
«Ct0pnpH3bl» Ha 3TOM He KOH4MJ1HCb. Hae eU,\e HaYa11a
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OKa3aJ1CSI AHSH3HOH apTHJ111epHH «KaTIOWl>, KaK HX TOrAa
Ha3blSaJ1H. BnocJleACTSHH Mbl SCTpeTHllMCb c KOMaHAMPOM
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K Kpt0Kosy. A CSSl3H y Hae c HHMH He 6b1110.
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s3aHMOAeHcTs11e, CBSl3b. ::ho oco6o nOA4epKHsaeTcsi. B
TO speMSI CBSl3H y Hae He 6b1110, n03TOMY B OAHH AeHb
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6b111 cesepHee Hoso-Ma11MHO. npaeblM coceAOM ocTaeTCSI
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coceA - 1075-i:i no11K.
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A11a6yweso HAeT >t<ecTOKMH 6oi:i. 3To 6b111 CHJlbHblH 6oi:i.
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npoTHSHHK CTaSHT 3aAa4y: OSJlaAeTb >KeJle3HOAOpO>t<HOH
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weso SblHTH Ha P>t<asKH - MaTyWKHHO, ·TO ecTb Ha
JleHHHrpaACKoe wocce.
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118
Ha TpeTMM AeHb - 12-TM 4acoso!;1 HenpepblBHblM y11M4HblM
6oM y>+<e B u.eHTpe. 4eTBepTblM AeHb Ha BOCT04HOM OKpaMHe
BeAyTcsi mecTOKMe y11M4Hble 6oM s Te4eHMe 18-TM 4acos.
0 TOM, 4TO npOMCXOAM110 Ha npaBOM M. 11eBOM cp11aHre,
y coceAeM, rosopMTb He 6yAy, orpaHM4YCb T011bKO AeM-
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KorAa ocTaHOBM11Mcb, si Y3Hal0, 4TO so speMsi 6osi s Co-
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r11aBe c MOMM noMOW,HMKOM KpaB4YKOM, AOKTopoM "111beM
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11M, 4TO 6oM 6yAyT s MocKse M yw11M K HeM... HaAO
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HMKa wTa6a 6b111 11eMTeHaHT "1BaH AaHMJlOBM4 KypraHCKMM.
SI eMy npMKa3a11 BO 4TO 6b1 TO Hl-1 cTa110 HaMTM Tb111. OH
yexa11.
npeACTaB11SleTe; KaK"1M TSl>Ke11blM 6bl110 Hawe n0110>Ke-
HMe! noc11e TSl>Ke11blX HenpepblBHblX' 6oes 11IOAM KpOBblO
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6oes BblHec1111 Ha ce6e. r Ae-TO 3a MoCKBOM "1saH AaHl1-
110Bl14 Hawe11 M011X TblJlOBblX pa60THl1KOB. 0Hl1 HaKaHyHe
no11y411Jll1 3MMHee 06MyHA11pOBaHl1e. npMBeJl OH MX, 11 BOT
OHM C11ASIT, >+<AYT MeHSI. B KOMHaTe >+<apKO, c Hl1X, B
no11ywy6Kax-To, nap Ba111111. TyT MeHSI TaKoe 3110 B3S1110!
SI 06paT1111csi K AOKTopy. OH 6b111 A06peMWMM 4e110BeK, HO
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HaKp114aJl Ha Hero, 'npMCTblA1111:
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o611MBalOTCSI, HeCKOJlbKO 6oes BblAep>1<a1111 M KaKl1X 6oes !
A noMow,11 epa4e6HoM HeT! KaK me TaK?
- Aa Mbl, TOBap11w, KOMaHAMp, AYMa11M, 4TO Bbl TYAa
>Ke now1111, a no11y41111ocb BOH KaKoe Ae110 ...
- Pa3 Bbl He cyMe11M opraHM30BaTb caH11TapHyt0 'no-
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119
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no11S1 60S1. 8b1 ceJ:14ac 11 spa4, 11 caH11Tap.
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0praH113osa11 caH11Tapos. B11A11Mo, ero cosecTb 3aMy41111a,
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npeACTas1111 ero K HarpaAe.
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opraHl13aTop, OKa3aJl HaM 60JlbWYIO nOMOUJ.b. CeJ:14ac rpe-
411WKl1H - Ha4aJlbHl1K caHl1TapHOH c11y>+<6b1 HaweJ;i A11Bl131111,
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3aKam111cS1, np1106pe11 6011bw.oi:1 onb1r.
51 • AaJl 3aAaH11e, nOA Jll14HYIO OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb nOMOW.-
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Ka:3a11, 4T06bl K 6 4aCaM yTpa 6b1Jl0 no TPH mnpa BOAKH,
no nSITb KHJlorpaMMOB KOJ16acbl, no 200 wtyK narpOHOB Ha
60J:14a H 4T06b1 6b1n1-1 nonywy6KH, eaneHKH. MHe HaAO 6b1no
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3TO CAenaJlH, y>+< He 3HatO, HO CAeJlaJlH.
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npHHY>+<AeHHeM.
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MocKBOH.
5 AeKa6pS1' CHJlbl npOTHBHl<IKa npeBOCXOAHJlH . Haw11, OH
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s .AHBH3HH ocranocb. Hx 6b1110 cHa4ana 500 4enoeeK. ,D.11-·
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ilOAXOAHI111 K Kpt01<0BO.
120
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a rocnHTanb He 3ax0Ten.
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no3HU,HH, Aanbwe Kp10KOBO nyTH HeT. nonK HaXOt\HnCSI B
caMOM KpHTH4eCKOM nono>KeHHH. JllOAeH Mano, npOTHBHHK
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121
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no11HOKpOBHblX 4aCTel1. KaK BblSICHMJlOCb no3>+<e, KOMaHAO-
saHMe HX 6eperJlO AJlSI KOHTpHacrynileHHSI.
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Bbl3Ba111-1 e AHBM3MIO, K reHepa11y PeBsrKMHy. TyT >+<e 6b1Jl
M Eropoe. ~ 3aMer1-111, 4ero-To OHH MHyTcsr, HM4ero He
rosopsrT. HaKoHeu, PeBSIKHH Ha4aJl:
- Mb1 3HaeM, 4TO Bbl KOMaHAOBa111-1 6ara11bOHOM, 3aTeM
no11KOM, HO Bbl apTMJ111ep11cr no cneu,11aJlbHOCTH. KoMaHAY-
t0w,11l1 npHKa3aJl BOCCTaHOBHTb nonKOBHHKa Kanposa.,
122
~ OTBeYato:
- TosapHW, reHepan, SI HHKOrAa He npeTeHAOBall Ha TO;
YT06bl KOMaHAOBaTb no11KOM, BeAb y MeHSI HeT HHKaKoro
o6pa30BaHHSI, nonKOBHHK CTapblH _KOMaHAHp, OH soesa11
paHbWe.
- BoT ·M0110Aeu.,. a Mbl sac XOTellH OCTasHTb B WTa6e
AHBH3HH.
- HeT, ocTaBbTe MeHSI s MOeM 6aTa11boHe.
BoT TaK SI, BO speMSI 60S1 Ha3HaYeHHblH KOMaHAHPOM
no11Ka, 6bl11 c 3TOH AOll>KHOCTH. BO speMSI OTAblXa nepese-
AeH Ha AOll>KHOCTb 3aMeCTHTe/1SI KOMaHAHpa no11Ka ...
• • •
CTapo-PyccKHH - Xo11MCKHH KOPHAOp. KqMaHAOBaHMe
AHBH3HeH npHHHMaeT reHepa11-Mai1op 4HCTSIKOB "1BaH
MHxai1110BHY. ConAaT rpa>KAaHCKOM BOMHbl, H3 nepsoi1 n11e-
S1Abl KpaCHblX KOMaHAHpOB. no xapaKTepy - npOCTOH H
3aAywesHblH YenoseK. KoMaHAHP c 6011bWHM onblTOM H
He3aypS1AHblM TanaHTOM. ropSIY, HO scerAa pa3yMeH.
' 06~aS1 o6cTaHOBKa: CTapaSI Pycca, Xo11M, ,ll,eMbSIHCKoe,
Oxea, Toponeu,. Ha ceeepe - CTaHU,HSI llblYKOeo. >Ke11e3HaS1
AOpora, HAy~aSI Ha JlblYKOBO, 6b111a 3aHSITa HeMu,aMM, Bbl-
6bl11a H3 CTpOSI e~e e ceHu6pe.
"1AeS1 r 11aeHoro KoMaHAOBaHHSI TaKoea: YAap c ceeepa
to>KHee 03epa "111bMeHb HaHOCHT OAHa rpynna. ,ll,pyraS1
rpynna - yAap c BOCTOKa KanHHHHCKHM cppoHTOM 06~.tM
HanpasneHHeM Toponeu. - Xo11M, coeAHHHTb ABa cppoH-
Ta - Cesepo-3anaAHblH H KanHHHHCKHM s paiioHe Xo11Ma,
OCTaBnSISI' ,ll,eMbSIHCKyto rpynny npOTHBHHKa B' OKpy>KeHHH.
3aMb1ce11 rnasHoro KoMaHAOBaHHSI MO>KHO npeACTaBHTb
(no pa3MeW,eHHIO nOApa3Ae11eHHH} B cpOpMe nHKH. nHKOH
6bl11 2-H rsapAeHCKHH Kopnyc nOA KOMaHAOBaHHeM reHe-
pa11-Mai1opa Jlto3HKOBa, KyAa BXOAHT 8-SI rsapAeHcKaSI AH-
BM3HSI nOA KOMaHAOBaHHeM reHepana 4HCTSIKOBa "1saHa
MHxai111osHYa. ,ll,a11bwe KanHHHHCKHH cppoHT reHepa11-11ei1-
TeHaHTa nypKaesa, snocneACTBHH reHepa11-no11KOBHHKa.
YAap c cesepa 6b1110 liaMeYeHo HaHecTH 3Toi1 nHKOH, TO
ecTb 2-M rsapAeHCKHM KopnycoM. BoT 3TOT caMblH HaKo-
HeYHHK no-soeHHOMY Ha3b1saeTcS1 asaHrapAOM. B Kopnyce
HaKOHeYHHKOM CTana 8-SI rsapAeHCKaSI AHBH3HSI, OCTpHeM
HaKOHeYHHKa ""."" 1073-'H no11K AHBH3HH, HblHe 19-11 rsapAeH~
CKHH CTpenKOBblH TanrapcKHH nonK.
123
npeOAOJ1eB 6011ee 200 KMJlOMeTpOB Mapwa B . newe·M
nopSIAKe, B cyposblX yc11osMS1x- cesepa, 11MeS1 HOBoe nono11-
HeH11e io>f<aH, A11Bl1311SI npopb1sa~r cppoHT s paHoHe Cep-
r11eeo - npara, 3aTeM no r11y60KOH CHe>f<HOH u,e1111He, B
ApeMy411X necax Kal111Hl1HCKOH 11 neH11rpaACKOH 0611acTeH
c 60S1M11 cosepwaeT N.apw no r11y60K11M Tb111aM npoT11BH11Ka
Ha 230 Kl1J10MeTpOB.
COpoHT npoT11BHl1Ka npopsaH. A11s11311S1 11AeT snepeA c
60S1Ml't, 11MeS1 3aAa4eH coeA11H11Tb Ka1111HMHCKl1H cppoHT c
Cesepo-3anaAHblM, ocTas11S1S1 s 0Kpy>f<eH1111 AeMbSIHCKYIO
rpynn11pOBKY spara - 16-IO HeMeU,KYIO apM11IO.
B MoMeHT npopb1Ba cppoHTa KOMaHAl1P 1075-ro nonKa
nonKOBHl1K Kanpos 3a6011e11. 1077-M nonKOM KOMaHAyeT
noilKOBHl1K WexTMaH. KoMaHAOBaH11e 1075-M nonKOM np11-
H11Mat0 SI B 3BaHl111 Kan11TaHa. 1073-M nOJ1KOM KOMaHAOBaJ1
noAnOJ1KOBHl1K 111BaHOB.
Octat-iosniocb Ha ABYX-Tpex xapaKTepHblX 60S1x, 11 Ha
3TOM 3aKOH411M.
BaM 3HaKOMa B 06w,11x 4epTaX nCl1XOJ10rl1SI o6opOHbl, 06
3TOM SI y>f<e .. rosop1111. npeACTOSIW,MH 6oH - cosepweHHO
ApyroH 6oH, TO eCTb 6oH HaCTynaTeJlbHblH; KJ1l1MaT11Yeci<11e,
np11pOAHb1e yc11os11S1, 06w,aS1 aTMot:cpepa cosepweHHO
11Hb1e, YeM · no,D, Moci<soH; 111 xapaKTep, 11 speMSI, 11 nc11xo-
11or11S1 60S1 cosepweHHO Apyr11e. TaM Mbl 0TcTyna1111, 3AeCb
HatTynaeM. nepBblH 6oH, TeM 6oJiee AJ1S1 HaCTynalOW,HX -
caMblH onatHblH. Et1111 HacTynat0w,11i1 Bb111rpaeT nepsb1i1 6oi1,
3TO oKa>f<eT orpoMHoe s1111S1H11e Ha riocneAyt0w,11e 6011. TaK
>f<e 11 npo11rpaHHblH nepBblH 6oi1 6y,D,eT 11MeTb cso11 no-
cneACTBl1SI .. 0TCTyn11aw11x a nepaoM 6oio TPYAHee BTOpoH
pa3 nOCblllaTb B aTaKy.
1113 Ka3axcTaHa Mbl no11y4111111 MOllOAOe nono11HeH11e, He
MMet0w,ee AOCTaT04HOro COJ1AaTCKOro onblTa, 11, KOrAa
cpopM11posa11ocb noApa3AeneH11e, y MeHSI 6b111a 6011bwa:si
BHyTpeHHSISI Tpesora. Bo-nepsb1x, OHl1 6b11111 c1111wKOM MO-
JlOAbl, KoHeYHO, MOJ10AOCTb - oYeHb xopowee speMSI AJ1SI
4eJ1oBeKa, HO B MOJ10AOCTl1 J1IOA11 HaCTOJlbKO nb1J1Kl1, 4TO
MOryT npOSIBl1Tb MOMeHTaJlbHYIO xpa6poCTb 11 MOMeHTallb-
HYIO TpycocTb. MHe Ka3anocb, 4TO 3Tl1 MewKoBaTble M,o-:-
J10Ab.1e J1IOA11 B ywaHKax, He 11MeSI COJ1AaTCKOro. onb1Ta, A~
ew,e np11 oco6oM. xapaKTepe HeMeU,KOH o6opOHbl, np11
nepBOM BblCTpene pa36eryTCSI.
BeASI nonK B HacTyn11eH11e SI BblAB11Hy11cS1 B ronosHyio
poTy 113 6aTaJ1bO,Ha ryHA11J10Bl14a. no4eMy SI Well B rOJ10B-
124
HOH. pore? Xoren BO .4To 6b1 ro HH crano BblHrparb nepBblH
6oi1. TaKyt0 si ce6e nocraBHn 3aAa4y. nepBblH 6oi1 6b1n
B AepeBHe HoBOCBHHyxoBo 6 ¢eBpansi 1942 roAa. Mb1
noAOWilH K HoBOCBHHyxoBo, HMest B3BOA MHHOMeT4HKOEi
noA KOMaHAOBaHHeM Kan1-1ra.Ha PaccoxHHa. Ha BonoKywa.x
Mbl TaW,HilH 3a co6oi1 BOCeMb. MHHOMeTOB. KorAa nOAOWilH
K AepeBHe, st npHKa3an KanHTaHy PaccoxHHY Bee soceMb
MHHOMeTOB nocTaBHTb pstAOM. noArOTOBHilH MHHOMeTbl C
TaKHM pac4eToM, 4T06b1 yAapHTb no OAHOH OKpaHHe, no
4eHTPY AepesHH H no Apyroii oKpaHHe.
B AOMaX H . OKonax MHHbl HaHOCSIT 04eHb Manoe nopa-
>KeHHe. ,D,nsi HaCTynalOW,HX 4aCTeH Ba>KeH ncHXOI10rH4eCKl1H
MOMeHT OrH st: 11 A11SI npoTl1BHl1Ka, 11 oco6eHHO A11S1 Haw11x
HOBl14KQB. 04eHb BeJlHK 3p11Te!lbHblH 3¢¢eKT OT MaCCbl
pa3pb1BOB. KorAa. B MOMeHT HacTyn11eH11st pByTcst Haw11
CHapstAbl, nOAHHMasi 4epHble CTOJ16b1 AblMa, y HacTynalOW,11X
yny4waeTcsi HacTpoeH11e. A ecm1 apT11nnep11si MOI14HT, y
Hl1X naAaeT AYX· no3TOMY Tpe6oBaJ1CSI 6011bWOH orOHb,
CHilbHblH rpoxoT OPYAHH .. 3THM 1+ 6blI1H npOAHKTOBaHbl
HapyweHHe ycTaBa 11 oco6asi paccTaHOBKa MHHOMeToB Ha
HY>KHblX l1HTepsa11ax.
CKoMaHAosan OTKpblTb oroHb. BoceMb 6oi14os 3apsima~
IOT BOCeMb MHHOMeTOB H OAHOBpeMeHHO npo113BOASIT BO"'.'
ceMb Bb1crpenoB. 3To 6b1110 Ha paccBeTe, HeM4b1 ew,e
cna1111. no 06e11M OKpaHHaM H 4eHTPY cena npOH3BeAeHO
48 B3pb1sos. 3¢¢eKT no11y41111csi n0Tpsicaiow,11M. KorAa
cpa3y BOCeMb MHH neTSIT, BOIOT, nony4aeTCSI Cl1JlbHblH. 3BY~
KOBOH 3¢¢eKT, HO KOrAa OHl1 PBYTCSI, .npo11CXOAHT orpoM-
HblH 3a11n.
B o6xoA HAeT B3BOA pOTbl OAHHX aBTOMaT4.HKOB non11T-
pyKa MaJlHKa ra6Ayn1111Ha. ,lJ,Ba -iaca 6osi, AepeBHSI 3a HaMl1,
3aXBa4eHO 85 aBTOMaWHH c npOAYKTaMH 11 6oenp1-1nacaM11,
y611TO 80 HeM4eB, B3SITO 25 nneHHblX. .
nepBblH 6oi1 6blJ1 YAa'IHblM. Ho 3AeCb c MOJ10Ab1M
nono11HeHHeM npo1-13owen OAHH l<a3yc, Koroporo He no-
3BOJ1HJ1H 6b1 ce6e MOH 6oi14bl nOA MoCKBOH. npoH30WJ10
BOT 4TO. Mbl WllH nonyrOJlOAHble, CTOSIJl XOJlOA. noA Kpbi-
WeH He 6b111H HeAenH nonTOpb1. Y ecex HOCbl H w,eKH
OTMOpo>t<eHbl, a TYT Ha B3SITblX HeMe4KHX MaWHHaX OKa3a-
nl1cb KOH¢eTbl,· BOAKa H ApyrHe npOAYKTbl. 1-1, KOHe4HO,
60HU,bl Ha6poCHJ1HCb Ha ece 3TO, XOTSI AepeBHSI ew,e lie
6b1na B3stTa 4e11HKOM, B3SIJ1H TOJlbKO nonoe.HHy: 51 HAY,
ei1>1<y, MOH 6oiiu,b1 oKono MawHH, OAHH pacKynop1-1eat0T
125
6yTb111K11, Apyr11e y>1<e 3aKycb1ea10T. A eeAb eocno11b30eae-
w11cb 3Tl1M MOMeHTOM, HeML\bl MoryT KOHTpaTaKOBaTb, 11
TOrAa ece nponano.
51 11AYr Kp114y «BnepeA!», a OH11 npOA011>KalOT B03HTbCSI
e Maw11Hax. Y OAKOl1 Maw11Hb1 crpynn11poea111-1cb 6ol1L\bl,
no6poca1111 nb1>1<11 11 3aHSIJ111Cb KoHcpeTaM11. TonbKO noAo-
wen, pa3Aa11cS1 B3pb1e Ml1Hbl, y611110 cpa3y 12 6011 400 •
noAOWeJl KamnaH 51Ky6eHKO, KOMaHA11p pOTbl aBTOMaT411-
KOB. 51 roeop10:
- "1A11, OTrOHH OT MaWHHbl ApyrylO rpynny.
OH no6e>1<a11 H eMecTo Toro, 4T06b1 HeMeAneHHO AaTb
pacnopS1>1<eH11e, CTa11 pacT011Koeb1eaTb H 06cy>1<AaTb. Ho
pa3ee MO>KHO 06cy>1<AaTb e TaKol1 o6CTaHOBKe. TyT Heo6-
xoA11Mo <PH3114eCKOe B03Ael1cTe11e Ha 3Tl1X o6e3yMeew11x
<<Tpocpel1w.11Koe». Koe-KaK o6pa3yM1-11111 6oi14oe.
noc11e TOrO, KaK nOllHOCTblO OBllaAellH AepeeHel1, SI
co6pa11 6ol14oe 11 cKa3a11:
- EwbTe!
np11Ka3all n0/10>1<11Tb PSIAOM y611TblX 11 cnpoCH/1:
- KTo e 3TOM BHHoeaT? 4To 3TO 3a no3op, 3a c11a6ocTb?
B TaKoe epeMsi Bbl 3aHSl/1HCb KOH¢eTaMH ...
BoT TaK 6bl/1 Bb111rpaH 6011 B Hoeoce1-1Hyxoeo. noc11e
:noro c11yYaS1 6aTallbOH y>1<e He 06pyw11ea11cS1 Ha Tpocpe11 ...
C11eAY10W.J.1MJ.1 xapaKTepHblMJ.1 60S1MJ.1 SI C411Ta10 CoKo-
11oecK1-111 11 oopOAHHCKHl1 601-1. ,ll,epeBHSI CoK0/1080 o6opo-
HSleTCSI HeM4aM11 04eHb ynopHO KaK n11a4AapM AllSI HaHe-
ceHHSI KOHTPYAapa Ha eocToK, AepeeHSI Ko6b111KHHO TO>Ke
06opoHS1eTcS1 AllSI coeepweH11S1 KOHTPYAapa c eocToKa,. To
eCTb HeMe4Koe KOMaHAOBaHHe 11MeeT 3aAaHHe nponycTHTb
HaW KOpnyc - n11Ky, a 3aTeM 3aMKHYTb B KO/lbl.,\O. no3TOMY
seAyTcSI 601-1 3a Ko6b111K11Ho Ha eocToKe 11 e CoK011oeo Ha
3anaAe. 1077-H nO/lK AO :noro He BBOAH/lCSI B 6011, HO
cel1Yac no peweH1110 reHepa11a 41-1cTS1Koea ecTynaeT 8 6011
M nepeA HHM CTa8MTCSI 3aAa4a OBllaAeTb Aepe0Hel1
CoK011000.
Bbl3bl8aeT MeHSI reHepa11 411cTS1K08. B :no 0peMS1 6a-
Ta11bOH ryHA111108H4a M 6aTa11bOH CTapwero 11el1TeHaHTa
K111-1MeHKO HaXOA1111MCb 8 15 KJ.1110MeTpax. ApTM1111epMS1 no-
11Ka TaM >Ke. no4eMy CoK01108CKaSI rpynnMpOeKa TaK AOllrO
3aAep>1<a11acb? noTOMY 4TO HeMel.,\ noA6paCbl8a11 nOAKpen-
11eH11e 11 6oenpMnacb1, nMTaHMe. ,ll,11si toro 4T06b1 83SITb
C0Ko11000, HY>KHO nepepe3aTb apTep1-110, no KOTopol1 0ce
3TO AOCTaB11Sl/10Cb.
126
1075-My non Ky cTaBHTCSI 3aAa4a BblHTH cesepo-3anaAHee
CoK011oso, osnaAeTb AepesHeH TpowKoso K 8 4aCaM yTpa.
reHepa11 4HCTSIKOB nOCTaBHJl MHe 3aAa4y H C npHCYW.HM
eM.y 4YBCTBOM IOMOpa rosopHT:
- Ec1111 Tbl B03bMewb AepeBHIO 3aBTpa K 8 4acaM, SI
Te6S1 Ha3osy CysoposblM.
51 Aall WTa6y 3aAaHHe opraHH30BaTb pa3BeAKY, H nOJlK
B no11Topa 6aTa11boHa ABHHy11cS1. OT AepeBHH MaspHHO AO
C0Ko11oso cnnowb OTKpb1Tb1e M.ecTa. CMoTpio, nS1Tb. HeMeu,-
KHX caMoneTOB noS1BHJ1HCb HaA HaMH. A no11K cosepwaeT
Mapw.
TyT npo113owe11 OAHH na.MSITHblH 3nH30A: Mbl c Myxa-
MeAbSlpOBblM 3aAep>KaJ1HCb. EiaTaJlbOH HAeT no rny6oKOMY
CHery, npOABHraTbCSI MO>KHO TOJlbKO rycbKOM .. 811>1<y, . Ha
3TOM OTKpblTOM MecTe no11K no4eMy-To ocTaHos1111cS1. B
paHoHe Masp11Ho Kpy>1<11T caMoneT 11 6pocaeT 60M6b1. 3To
6blJ10 4aCOB B 12,. HeMU,bl MOrllH nepeKpOWHTb secb nOJlK.
Cnewy, 06roHS110 no11K. B 4eM Aeno? _0Ka3b1saeTCS1, MHHHOe
none. KorAci SI Aall np11Ka3 Ha4allbHHKY WTa6a opraHH30BaTb
sceCTOpOHHIOIO pa3B0AKY, • OH AOJl>KeH 6blJ1 npHBJ1e4b K
3TOMY KBaJ1Hcf:>HU,HposaHHblX JllOAeH: canepos, apTHJ111ep11-
·CTOB. Aa, roeop11T, Tosap11w. KOMaHAHp, HO Mbl 11114ero He
Mor1111 CAenaTb, He 6b1110 canepos. 8bl3b1saio Ha4wTa6a.
no4eMy B COCTaBe pa3BeAKH He 6blJ10 canepos? OH OTBe-
4aeT, 4TO onacHo noq,111aTb canepos 6e3 MHH0"1CKaTe11eH,
a MHHOHCKaTeJleH He AaJl Ha4HH>KeHepHOH c11y>1<6b1. 51 Bbl-
3b1Bal0 Ha4HH>KeHepHoi:1 c11y>1<6b1,. OH CCb111aeTCS1 Ha AaH11-
11osa, TOT Ha Ha4aJ1bHHKa WTa6a. 0AHHM CJlOBOM, HHKTO He
BHHOBaT, a HaA 6oHU,aMiit HaBHCJla peaJlbHaSI onacHOCTb -
np1111eTHT· caMoneT H nepecTpe11S1eT secb no11K.
CocpeAOT04HJ1HCb B 11ecy_ cesepo-3anaAHee CoK011oso.
Cyw,ecTByeT TaKOH soeHHblH TepMHH - peKorHocu,11posKa.
KaKyio u,e11b oHa npecneAyeT? l;l3y411s MeCTHOCTb no KapTe,
KOMaHAHP AOJl>KeH J1H4HO BblHTH Ha MeCTO 6YAYW.HX AeH-
CTBHH, H3Y4HTb ero xapaKTep, pacno110>1<eH11e npoTHBHHKa
H not.OM TOJlbKO . npHHRTb peweHHe, c KaKOH CTOpOHbl
yAapHTb, KaKOH MaHesp np11MeHHTb np11 seAeHHH 60S1. Y
6aTaJ1bOHa, KpOMe BHHTOBOK H aeTOMaTOB, HH4ero He 6blJ10.
ApT111111ep11si 0TcTa11a. ·
8b1w1111 · Mbl Ha pei<orHocu,1-1posi<y, co6pa11 SI scex · Ko-
MaHAHpoe, H Ha MeCTHOCTH OKa3aJ10Cb COBCeM He TO, 4TO
HaMeTHJlH paHbwe Ha KapTe. OT cTapoH Pyccb1 Ha Xo11M
HAeT 6011bwaK, AallbWe - AepeBHSI EiopOAHHO. OT 6?11b-
127
.waKa AOpor11 .Ha AepeeH11 CoKonoeo, TpowKoeo ·11 · AB.e
He6onbw11e ·Aepee1:111.
Ecn11 Mbl B03bMeM TpowKoeo, TO ocTae11M AepeeHIO
CoKonoeo 6e3 npOAYKTOB n11TaH11si. TyT 6b1n ocHOBHOH
6onbWaK 11 ABe poKaAbl. E>yAeT n11 BbmonHeHa 3aAa4a, ecn11
no np11Ka3y B03bMeM TpowKoeo? no cyw,eCTey, 3aAa4a
.BblnOnHeHa He 6yAeT. nycTb Aa>Ke HaM YAaCTCSI B3SITb ero
c ManeHbK.11Ml1 noTepSIMl1, HO 4TO 113 :noro BblHAeT? .npo-
Tl1BHl1K OTKpoeT. orOHb 113 3Tl1X AepeeeHb. B K~KOM nono-
>KeH1111 0YyT11To1 n.onK? OH 0YyT11Tcsi e orneeoM MewKe.
Ecm1 He ceroAHSI,, TO 3aeTpa OH nor116HeT. Ho 3a 4TO
norn6aTb? Mbr o6ner411M nono>KeH11e Aepyw,11MCSI 3a Co-
Konoeo? H114ero noAo6Horo. B pacnopsi>KeH1111 HeMu,ee ABe
AOpor11. 3Ha411T, e~e n0Tep11, K0Topb1e Mbr noHeceM, He
np11HecyT Ha.M H11KaKOH nonb3bl. 3AeCb, KaK OKa3blB.aeTCSI,
cocpeAOT04eHa u,enasi HeMeu,Kasi rpynna, npeAHa3Ha4eHHasi
Ansi yAapa noA KopeHb, YacT11 3C3coec.KOH A11e1131111 «MepT-
aasi ronoaan..•
SI y>Ke roaop11n, 4JO KOMaHA11P AOn>Ke~ 6brTb Taop4e-
CK11M YenoeeKOM. BeAb npe>KAe YeM np11HS1Tb pew~H11e,
HY>KHO ero xopowo npoAyMaTb. EcTb. Tb1Csi4a aapi-iaHTOB,
11 ace OHl1 Tpe6yt0T OCMblCneHl1SI. npeACTaabTe nOJlO>KeH11e
KOMaHA11pa, HaXOASIW,erocsi Ha. peKOrHocu,11poeKe 11 np11H11-
Mat0w,ero peweH11e. Cyli.r,HOCTb 3aAa411 3aKnt04aeTcsi a TOM,
4T06b1 n11w11Tb. CoKonoeo n11TaH11si, nyreH CHa6>KeH11si, HY>K-
HO nepece4b ace AOpor11, TOrAa CoKonoeo He 6yAeT 11MeTb
n11TaH11S1. Ho 4eM 6paTb? Ansi apTnoArOTOBKl1 HeT apT11n-
nep1111; KpoMe Bl1HTOBOK 11 aBTOMaTOB HeT Hl14ero. 4ro
·AenaTb? OnsiTb ecTaeT eonpoc - .4eM 6paTb, .KaK11M cnoco-
6oM? OrneM? Ero HeT. Hanpaw11eaeTCS1 ebrBOA:....,. 6paTb
«6acMa4eCKl1M» MeTOAOM, TO . eCTb 3aCTaTb. npOTl1BHl1Ka
epacnnox 11 611Tb ero e cn11Hy. KaK roeop11TCS1, «naH 11nH
nponan». np11H11MaeTcsi TaKoe peweH11e: aaxeaT11Tb ece
wecrb AOpor 11 ece wecTb HaceneHHblX nyHKTOB.
B eoeHHOH TepMHHonor1111 cyw.ecTByeT TepM11H -
.«Knt04», «CTep>KeHb», 11n11 no-Ka3aXCKl1 «Tpey», «6axeH» -
KaaaxcK11e topTbl Aep>KaTCSI Ha «6axeH» - noAnopKe, · ecn11
.y6paTb ee, TO t0pTa naAaeT np11 f;>ype. "1MeeTCSI TaK>Ke
aa>KHblH onopHblH nyHKT. npOTl1BHl1Ka,. KOTOpbtH KOMaHA11P
AOn>KeH HaHTl1 11 cean11Tb. Ecn11 ceanMTb onopHblH nyHKT
npOT11BfiHKa, TO ece OCT.aJlbHOe cean11TCSI cpaBHl1TeJlbHO
nerKo. Ho rAe >Ke Knto4? "1cKaTb HaAo. Bee wecTb AOpor
CXOASITCSI e E>opOA11HO, crano 6b1Tb ... <<Tpey», «CTep>K.eHb»,
128
6aypA>KaH M0Mb1w-ynb1
H. B. naH<t>HnOB, HOS16pb 1941 r.
75 nonio 1.-1. B. n 11HqmnoD11. Cn e11a Han paoo: 1-1c:Mli>1110Dll Ac11, Kanpos
l.-1nbll Baci<nb(lllH'l (KOM. nonKill 1075), m1Hq.ii.1no11a MapHll l-1 eaHOBHa,
6 . M0Mb1w-y11b1, naH(f.11-<noaa BaneHTMHa l.-111aHo s H11. r. <DpyH3e. 1968 r.,
3 .!IHBBp.!1
C nc1111 1t11npaeo: EpMonaes, MoMblw-ynbl, CtterMH, Y nOAHOm1-<11 ropoAa

XonM, 1942 r., q>eapam.
M0Mb1ui-y11b1 (a 4eHrpe) cpeAH OAHOno114aH
5. M0Mb1ui-y11b1 (cnpaaa), 1942 r., MapT

noirnr 11 ..rcpopMa 411 51 n114Horo cocrasa. B 4eHrpe - EiaypA»<aH MoMblW-
ynb1 , c np asa - /J.. CIJ. CHerHH.
Ei. M0Mb1w-ynb1
RBO'iH••- """'.;:" . . /ljX) ~~·1
fp·H ~ .~ ·~~
?n~~·n pl'l~blllll'IOH
11011~;;cilek Jlpl13Haa r ())lHblM 11 3a~i.<CJle H B K0Ml!HJJ.y
.\; I
0611 3aH ll BW'tC ll Hll o6op!ibl11 llfHlt'I' B
'tu Utf<~~ - ;
JI.. 1-' 'iaCaM .. f.
51B04Ha51 KapT04Ka. 1932 r .
5. M0Mb1w-ynb1 {cn pasa), 1942 r .

,IJ,ea Eiayp A>t<aHa
Bo epeMll ecrpe4H c 41H are1H1MH, 1959 r.
no11KOBHJ.1K norBHHeHKO epyYaeT MoMblW-Y11bl CJ.1MBOJlH4eCKJ.1H KJll04

or MocKBb1, ceHrn6pb 1971 r.
«K1ll04i> o6opoHbl '--- oopoAHHO! 3axearoM 6-opOAHHO Hcip'y-
WHTCR CTOHKOCTb, HapywiHCR . OCHOBa . 6oeeorti nOpRAKa
npoTHBHHKa, 3axeaToM >t<e APYrHX AepeeeHb croi1KOCTb He
HapywHTeR. . ..
KoMaHAHpaM 6aram~oHoe AaereR eneAyto~Hi1 npHKa3:
OAHOepe'"'eHHO H BHe3anHO H04bK> eoeepWHTb eMellblH
Haner i-ia see weeib AepeseHb, eraparbeR. wyMa He noA-
HHMaTb. · nonrop:a 6aTa1lbOHa nonKa pa36HeaeTeR Ha weeT!>
rpynn. Bo rnaey Ka>t<AOH rpynnbl ·H~3Ha4aeTCR KOMaHAHp.
Mbl' HaXOAH11Heb s 11eey. npoTHB.HHK HeAalleKo, Hellb3R.
Aa>t<e rpoMKO pa3roeap1o1eaTb. Hy>t<HO e. nepeyto 04epeAb He
AaBaTb eo3MO>t<Hoen1. o6Hapy>t<HTb ee6R. Ee111o1 xorb OAHH
ny11eMeT 3aeTp04HT, Ha4HeT,eR 6oi1, a ee11H OH Ha4HeTeR, Mbl.
He eMO>tt<HO, YAapHTb e Tbllla H BO cp11aHr, TO eeTb B
enHHY H e 6oKOB. 3Aeeb y>t< 11to6oi1 3BYK, KpHK npeAaTehb.:;
eKH onaeHbl. c ::!TOH u.e11bl0 npHHHMaeTeR peweHHe KOM-
61.1HHpoeaTb o6xoA. Bo rnaee OAHOi1 rpynnb1 noeb111aereR
Ma11HK ra6Ay1111HH. KoMaHAJ.1P ero pOTbl Co11oebee AOll>t<eH
YAapHTb s en1-1Hy, oeTa11bHb1e pa361-1eatoresi Ha MenKHe
rpynnb1 H HanaAatoT e · 6oKoe. BeeM KOMaHAHpaM 6aTani:.-
OHoe 6b111a noeraeneHa OAHa o6~aR 3aAa4a ...
AnR 4ero Hy>t<eH wra6? A11R ynpaeneHHR. no3TOMY ero
oeras11RIOT B OTAaneHl111 Ha OAHH-ABa KHllOMeTpa 3a 6oe.;.
BblMH nopRAKaMH. Hy>t<eH 111-1 HaM wra6 3Aeeb? He Hy>KeH,
TeM 6011ee, 4TO e AaHHOM e11y4ae oeHoeoi1 ynpaeneHHR
RBJlReTeR OCBOeHHe 3aAa4H HenOllHHTellRMH. no3TOMY R
paenyeTHll seex wra6HblX KOMaHAHPOB, oera11eR npH MHe
OAHH H1-1Ko11ai1 M1-1rp~cf>aHos1-14 - opAHHapeu,. B ABa 4aca
H04H Mbl npoeHy111-1eb, 6b1110 ye11oe11eHo e 4eTb1pe 4aea H04H
AaTb ye110BHblH eHrHa/1. no CHrHa11y see nOWllH, R oeTa11CR
OAHH S 11eey, a HeMU,bl HeAalleKO. nowe11 AallbWe no necy
H 3a611yAH1lCR, norepRll noeneAHero 4e11oeeKa. KpHKHYTb
B 11eey «HMKOnai1 M1-1rpocf>aHOBH4» Hellb3R. no11K R noc11a11
Ha eb1no11HeHHe 3aAa41-1: YAaeresi - B03bMYT, He y,qacTeR -
see TaM OCTaHyTeR; 0AHOMY MHe OCTaBaTbeR B >t<HBblX; 4TO
111-1? nowe11 .H ~. To11bKO sb1we11 Ha Apyryio eropoHy, e11b1wy
KOpOTKYIO 04epeAb .. 3To 6blll0 AllR MeHR KaK 6b1 nepsoe
AOHeeeHHe. HeMeU,KHi1 nyneMeT4HK yene11 CAenaTb TOllbK·o
rp1-1-4·erb1pe sr:.1c-rpe11a 1-1 3aM0114an Mo110Aeu., 3Ha"IHT, Haw
6oeu., KpenKO ero CTYKHyll. c ·Apyroi1 CTOpOHbl pa3AaTraCb
04epeAb .H :ro~e. Cp(l;lY CMOllKJla•. "1 BOT 3TH ABa. AOHeCeHHR
nOMOrllH MHe npeOAOlleTb 6oR3Hb, nOMOrllH HaHTH nOllK.
G -148
12'1
OH . wen K AepesHe. ~ n0Aowe11 K Kpai1H11M AOMaM, CTOIO,
AYMatO: MO>KeT 6b1Tb, TYT HeMU,bl. CHaYana c11b1wy asyKH
BblCTpenos. 06blKHOBeHHO, KOrAa BblCTpe11 AaeTCSI Ha BOJlb-
HOM B03Ayxe, OH. 3BOHK11H, 3J10H, a TYT SI CJlblWY np11r11y-
weHHble BblCTpe11b1. AyMatO, B YeM Aeno? BeAb 11t06oi1
CTapblH COJ1AaT pa3J111411T BblCTpe11 csoei1 BHHTOBKl1 OT He-
MeU,KOH. Paa1111Yat0 11 SI, c11b1wy, 4TO crpe11S1t0T Haw11 s11H-
. TOBKl1, aBTOMaTbl• 3To 6blJ10 . y>Ke rpeTbl1M AOHecet111eM,
KO'ropoe SI no11y41111 3a 3Tl1 Ml1HYTbl. 3Ha411T, Haw11 pa6o-
TalOT. BApyr Bl1>1<y, OA11H COJlAaT no6e>1<a11 CIOAa, ApyroM
TyAa, TpeTl1H nepe6e>1<a11 y1111u,y. ~ aa. Hl1M. CMOTplO, OH
sopsa11cS1 s AOM, SI aa Hl1M. Bxo>1<y s AOM. BApyr - Bb1cl-pe11
B KOMHare ... TaM OKaaaJlCSI HeMeU,Kl1H ocf>11u,ep, KOToporo
Haw COJlAaT y110>1<1111 nepBblM BblCTpenoM.
Bb1we11 113 AOMa, nOAHS1J1CS1 Ha BblCOTKY MelKAY BapK110-
s11u.ei1 11 6opOA11HO. ~ XOTeJl nOCMOTpeTb CB011Ml1 r11aaaM11,
4TO Tsop11TCS1 soKpyr. Ao c11x nop-To SI He 11Me11 H11KaK11x
AOHeceH11i1, KpoMe asyKOBblX. Bb1xo>1<y, CMOTpt0 Ha Aepes-
HIO, TaM Haw11 6erat0T, s Apyroi1 AepesHe T0>1<e Haw11 •.
OcMoTpes MeCTHOCTb c BblCOTbl, sooY11t0 ys11Ae11 wecTb
AQpor. Xopowo, Mbl B3S11111 3Tl1 AOporn, HO yAep>1<11M 1111 11x?
4To 3Tl1 AOporn AatOT HaM 11 npoT11sH11Ky ...
npeAnOJ10>Kl1M, npOTl1BHl1K KOHTpaTaKyeT OAHOBpeMeH-
HO c nS1T11-weCTl1 CTOpOH, He TOJlbKO B neweM CTpOIO, HO
11 TaHKaM11. 4To y MeHSl ecTb npoT11s TaHKos? H114ero.
ApT111111ep1111 HeT, npoT11BoTaHKOBblX py>1<ei1 HeT. TyT KO-
MaHAHP Ha411HaeT 11CnblTblBaTb 60S13Hb KOHTpaTaKH, TO eCTb
paAOCTb no6eAbl 0Mpa4aeTCSI npeAB11AeHHeM KOHTpaTaKH,
nOSIBJlSleTCSI CTpax Toro, 4TO see B3SITOe MO>KHO MrHOBeHHO
noTepsirb ...
4ro SI AOn>KeH CAe11aTb? Aonr MOH - cnacr11 Aeno •M011X
6oi1u,os, cosepw11sw11x nOAB11r 3TOH H04bl0. A OHH f>AOryT
6b1Tb o6pe4eHbl Ha ·rn6enb, paAOBaTbC.SI ew,e paHo.
6yAeT KOHTpaTaKOBaTb HeMeu, 111111 HeT? 6yAeT, 6e3
coMHeHHSI. TyT MHo>KecTso AOpor 11 poKaAHblX nyrei1 - :no
SIBJlSleT,SI 11y4wei1 npeAnOCblllKOH AllSI peweHl1SI nocneAy-
toW,eM 3aAa411.
npHKa3blBalO OCeAJlaTb AOpor11, nOAC411TaTb >KepTBbl.
800 y611TblX cf>p11u,es, B TOM 411Clle HeMeU,Kl1H no11KOBHl1K
(ero y6HnH cropS14a). Haw11 n0Tep11 - 57 4e11oseK. ·
~ ·y>1<e. rosopH11, 4TO ec1111 py6e>1< He 3ac11y>K11saeT
BH11MaH11si, TO He4ero 113-aa Hero TepS1Tb 11t0Aei1. KaK
rosop1111 naHcf>11J10B: «B KOpHe no6eAbl KpOeTCSI nopa>t<e:._
Hl1e» ... 14 no3TOMY. Ka>f<AblM KOMaHAl1P AOil>t(eH pac_c4_11Tbi-
130
oaTb ceoi71 war. Mbr eb1sicH111111, .YTO 11Aea11 - :no eb111rpb1w
60S1 6e3 noTepb. lllcKycc1eo 6osi - 3TO eb111rpb1w 60S1 c
lilll1M0HbWl1M11 no1epS1Ml1. Ill B 3TOM CMblCJle pe3y11bTaT
Hftwero 6osi 6b111 ebrroAHblH. CooTHoweH11e 800 K 57. 3To
6oi1 n04Tl1 611113Kl1H K l1Aea11y •.
B 12 Yacoe AHS1 HeM4b1 6poc111111cb e KOHTpaTaKy. K
c•taCTbtO, 6b111a nexo1a, a He TaHK11. Ho aTaKa ·HaL1a11acb co
ecex CTOpOH 11 OAHOepeMeHHO. c HaWeH CTOpOHbl, BHA11MO,
6b111a AOnyw,eHa HeKOTOpasi 6ecne4HOCTb, B pe3y11bTaTe
Yero :na KOHTpaTaKa SIBMJ1aCb A11SI Hae HeO>K11AaHHOH. B 3TO
epeM SI si HaXOA1111cS1 e capae, cl'osin co MHOH 11 3aMec1111en&
Ha4a/1bH11Ka nomiTOTAe/la rycee. CMOTptO, HeMe4 "IAeT,
Mope orHSI, ro11oey He,B03MO>KHO nOAHSlTb, a Haw11 He
CTpe11S110T. noAOW/111 Ha 400 MeTpOB ;___ He CTp011S1IOT, Ha
300 MeTpOB - He CTpensitOT, BOT y>+<e 250 MeTpoe ... TO>Ke
He c1pe11S110T. npeACTaensieTe ce6e Hawe nono>KeH11e! Ecmt
epar cei71Yac noAOHAeT, ace npona110. KaK TOJJbKO 3Ta Mb1c11&
np11w11a B . rO/lOBy, SI co6pa11CS1 ee BblCKa3aTb ryceey, HO
e11>+<y, OH naAaeT. 0Ka3a11ocb, YTO e capae 6b11111 6011bw11e
w,e1111 11 B Hero yrOA1111a ny11si. noAXO>KY K HeMy, OH
roeop111, YTO paHeH e rpyAb.
B 3111 HecKonbKO ceKyHA, . KOrAa HeM4b1 w1111 caMblM
HarllblM o6pa30M, B n011HblH pocT, SI 11Cnb1Ta11 4YBCTBO,
6yATO Haxo>+<ycb Ha caMoM ocTp11e 11e3e11si ... B11my, c10111
eo311e Hae ocp114ep. Cnpaw11eat0, YTO Tbl 3AeCb Aenaew&,
6er11. TYAa. 6ep11 B3BOA - 11 B KOHTpaTaKy. noTOM AYMalO:
AOH.qeT 111111 He AOHAeT. KpyroM Mope orHsi, y6beT KaKaS1-
H116yAb wa11bHasi ny11si. A Hawa poTa, pacno110>+<11ewasicS1
B OKOnax, AO C11X nop He CTpe11S1eT. noYeMy?
B 3TO epeMsi, KOrAa HeM4ee OT HaweH poTbl yme
OTAem1110 100 MeTpoe, BCTaeT c6oKy 6oe4 BO eecb pOCT,
Aepma enepeA11 aeToMaT 11 Kp'114111 «Ypa!». 0Ka3a11ocb, 3TO
6b111 Ty11ereH Tox1apoe. Bo3Myw,eHHblH noeeAeH11eM poTbl,
OH 3aKp114an CB011M YeTblpeM TOBap11w,aM: «AaeaH, no-
w1111!» now1111 3a HHM nSITb YeJJOBeK C Kp11KOM «ypa», 3a
H11M11 ew,e nsiTb, ew,e - ecsi poTa, 11 HeMYypa OTKanmacb
Ha3aA.
Cnpaw11eae1cS1, si,. KoMaHAl1P · non Ka, e 3TOM 6oio yn-
pae11si11 6oeM? Her. 51 pacTepsi11cS1 11 nocY11Ta11, YTo nono-
·>+<eHl-fe y Hae nponaw,ee. K16 cnac no110>1<eH11e nonKa:
KOMaHA11P 11/lH 3TH 10 OTBa>KHblX, B03r11aensieMble. ABYMSI
01ea>1<HeHw11M11? 3Aecb, e 3TOT MoMeHT 6osi, si, KaK Ko-
131
MaHA11p, 6b1n 6ecc1-1ne.H. A MOMeHT. 6b1n caMblH onacHblH.
Ho c;...\e11b4aKH CAenanM · ceoe Ae.no, M nono>+<eHHe 6b1110
cnaceHo. Bo eTopoJ:r cTaAMM onepau,MM, eo epeM" :noi1
KOHTpaTaKH He TOnbKO "· eecb nOJlK H BC$1 AHBH3H$1 6blnH
o6,.3aHbl 3TMM 10 cMellb4aKaM, a noTOM y>+<e 3apa60TanH
H nyneMeTbl, H aeTOMaTbl, H BHHTOBKH, H ece npo4ee.
noABO>KY HTOrM. B pe3ynbTaTe 6opOAHHCKOro 60" HaM11
YHM4TO>KeHo 1200 HeMu,ee, HawM noTepM - 157 4enoeeK.
3aMbtcen HeMeu,Koro KOMaHAOBaHM" yAapMTb noA KopeHb
6bm pa36MT, KaK roeopMTC", e nyx H npax. KoMaHAOBaH11e
Aano ny611114HYIO ou,eHKY 6opOAHHCKHM 60$1M . 11 "· KaK
KOMaHA11P 3Tol:1 rpynnb1, 6b111 Harpa>+<AeH opAeHOM Kpac-
Horo 3HaMeH11. .
HecKOnbKO cnoe o ApyrHx noApa3AeneH11"x Al1Bl13Hl1.
1075-H nonK, npecneAY" npoTl1BHl1Ka, AOXOA11T AO 6011bwoe
WeAYAKoeo H ceopa411eaeT Ha CTapo-PyccK11H 6011bwaK. 11
cpeepan" 1942 fOAa BeAeT 6oJ:r 3a pai1oHHblH u,eHTp noA-
Aapbe. 1073-i1 nonK oenaAeeaeT P"AOM HaceneHHblX nyHK-
Toe: C0Ko11oeo, Manoe Jlecoeo, KaMeHKa 11 · Apyr11M11, 17
cpeepan" 1942 roAa. 8eAeT 6oi1 3a WanKoeo~KoKa4eeo. B
3TOM >+<e paHoHe npo11cXOAHT coeA11HeH11e Ka1111ii11HcKoro
cppoHTa c Ceeepo-3anaAHblM.
1077-i1 nonK eeAeT 6011 3a 6011b1weeo, 1073-i1 nonK - 3a
CyTOKH, Mo3b1pH, 1075-H no11K - 3a TpyxoeKy; 75-si MOp-
CKCijj 6p11raAa 4epe3 Opexoeo, 4eKyHoeo npope3aeT 6011b-
waK XonM - JloKHst. Kat< HeMU,bl, TaK 11 Haw11 nepexoAstT
e o6opoHy 6011bWaKa Ha XonM 3anaAHee. 90 AHei1 npo-
AOil>+<atoTCSI ynopHble 6oH ...
• • •
51 He n11caTeJlb H, eepOSITHO, HHKOrAa HM He 6yAy, He
Hay4HbtH pa6oTHl1K 11 Hl1KOrAa HM He 6YAY· Bee, 0 4eM
ecnOMHHn 11 paccKa3an, npOAHKTOBaHO MHe COnAaTCKl1M
AOnrOM nepeA naM$1TblO nor116w11x H nOCTpaAaBWl1X TOBa-
p111,1'eH. DOJlbWe SI HMKaKHX u,eneH He npecneAyto, HM Ha 4TO
He npeTeHAY'°·
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COOTBeTCTeyeT T04HblM u,McppaM, AaTaM, MOryT 6b1Tb HeKo-
TOpble OTCTynneHl1SI, HO " 4eCTHO BblCKa3an CBOIO T04KY
3peHl1$1,
132
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9POHTE
COTPYAHHllECTBO C 6EKOM
npaBAa 11 JlO>Kb cyll.\eCTBYIOT HCnOKOH BeKOB. npaBAY

HY>KHO yMeTb roeop11Tb, He noACOBb1easi 110>1<b. B 11cTop101
JlO>Kb HHOrAa He BblCTyna11a B ceoeM HapS!Ae. 0Ha Bb1CTY-
na11a B KOCTIOMe npaBAbl. JlO>Kb TOp>KeCTeyeT H KpH4HT He
TOJlbKO nSITb, AeCSITb MHHyT, OAHH I.lac, nSITb, AeCSITb 11eT.
EcTb 110>1<b, >KHeyw.asi eeKaMH. Ho ece paeHo :ny 110>11<ac! Bbl He MO>KeTe Tpe6oeaTb
OT MeHsi npaBAbll» A6co11t0THasi npaeAa He y>1<ac, ee TOllbKO
HaAO yMeTb npenOAHeCTH H OHa npHHeCeT 60llbWYIO nOJ1b-
3y, Aa>1<e ec1111 Bbl nHweTe Ha 311060AHeBHb1e eonpocb1,
npae,qa AOJl>KHa SIBJlSITbCSI MeAOM, a JlO>Kb, KaK Tbl ee Hlf
0Tw11Hcpoeb1eaH, ece-TaKH ocTaeTcsi SIAOM. Bbr 3HaeTe, KaK
roTOBSIT AeTcKoe 11eKapcTeo... Ba>KHO, YT06b1 OHO 6b1110
c'naAKOe .. ~ npHwe11 K BblBOAy, 4TO 3TO nOACllall.\eHHe
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TopaMH, K11Hopa60THHKaMH He co3HaTe11bHO H He yMb1w-
11eHHO. CpeAH HHX ecib If TaKHe, KOTOpb1e Har110 11ryT. ,
y MeHSI 6blJ111 c11y1.1a11, KOrAa E>eK TaK nyTaJl, 4TO SI 6blJ1
npeAellbHO eo3MYLl.\eH. B ceoeH cypoeoCTH liawa AeHCTBH-
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CKOJlbKO ceHYac Tpycoe Ha JlHTepaTypHOM cppoHTe. ~ 803-
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no J1HHHl1 HaHMeHbWero conpOTHBJleHHSI H npOSIBJlSllOT Tpy-
COCTb Ha Ka>KAOM wary.
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Ha 3TY TeMy. ~ eMy roaopH11, 4TO eCJlH 6b1 J111TepaTypHblH
cppoHT 6bl11 HaCTOSIUJ,11H cppoHTOM, KaK H eoeHHblH, rAe
Tpycoe p~accTpe11Heat0T Ha none 6osi, eMy AaBHO 6b1 He
>KHTb ...
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134
1<y11a4HOM 6ot0, oHa HY>+<Ha "" Ha n1-1TepaTypHOM cppoHTe.
HtiAO yMeTb roeopHTb npaBAY· 0Teara H CMe11ocTb A011>KHbl
6b1Tb e cepAu.e. KoHe4HO, ec111-1 npaBAY npenOAHOCHTb
rpy6o, TonopHo, OT 3Toro nonb3bl He 6yAeT, a T011bKO epeA.
CaMasi 6011bwasi HeAo6pocoeecTHOCTb - 3TO HeAo6pocoee-
CTHOCTb nepeA ceoeH npo<f>eccHeH. no4eMy TaK MHOrO
11t0Aei1 111-1TepaTypb1, HeAo6pocoeecTHblX K ceoeii npocpec-
c1-11-1? A 3TO eeAb caMoe CTpawHoe cerOAHSI. ~ 3aAyMa11csi
HaA ::>rHM eonpocoM. KH1-1ra - rpa>1<AaHHH MHpa. ,D,11si Toro
LIT06b1 Han1-1caTb KHHry 4e11oeeK AOn>KeH 6b1Tb Teop40M, :no
ero AHTSI, OH A011>KeH 3apa3HTbCSI TeMOH, nepe6011eTb "111"1
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noAapHTb HaM KHHry. A y Hae MHOrHe n1-1wyT noHaCnblWKe,
Hacnex. Ho 3a6011eTb, nepe6011eTb TeMOH Aa>Ke eoeHHble He
ecerAa MoryT - 3TO He TaK-TO nerKo.
npaeAa - ee111-1KaS1 3aAa4a XYAO>KHHKa. HaHTH npaBAY
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c MOeH CTOpOHbl Te Tpe6oeaHHSI, KOTOpble SI npeA'bSIBJlSllO
K n1-1caTe11siM, Ka>1<yTcsi 4pe3MepHO HecnpaeeA11HBblMH, 1-io
fl AYMatO, 4TO OHH 3aKOHHbr •
. MHorne 1-13 eac 4HTa111-1 «naH<f>1-111oe4b1 Ha nepeoM py-
6e>1<e» noA aeTopcTBOM AneKcaHApa 6eKa. Co AHSI BblXOAa
e ceeT 3TOH noeecTH Hae 6yKea11bHO 3acbmat0T eonpocaMH
o HawMx e3aMMOOTHOWeHMSIX • .8 MocKee M e AnMa-ATe
no4TM Ha Ka>KAOM nepeKpecTKe 3aAatOT 3TOT >Ke eonpoc.
MHornx MHTepecyeT npOA011>1<eHMe.
HanMcaHa T011bKO nepeafl noeeCTb. Bropafl noeeCTb, e
pyKonHCM, HaXOAMTc·si e cTaAMH · TpeTbeii nepepa6oTKH, no-
c11e Moero HeAaBHero npocMoTpa ee e MocKee. TpeTbfl
3aeepwat0Ll.\aS1 noeecTb ell.\e e MaTepManax M MHe no
eo3epall.\eHMM e MocKey npHMepHo e Te4eHMe ABYX HeAenb
npMAeTCSI AOpaccKa3aTb KOe-4TO . oeKy, AOnOJlHHTb Ma-
repHanaMM •.
Hawa ecTpe4a onMcaHa caMMM oeKoM, KaK 3TO 6b1110 Ha
caMOM Aene.
Me>KAY MHOIO M 6eKOM cyw,ecTeyeT ycTHOe cornaweHMe
np1-1611M3HTe11bHO c11eAyt0w,ero COAep>1<aHMS1: Hawe COTPYA-
HH4eCTBO MMeeT ceoeii 4e11bt0 B03ABMrHyTb 11"1TepaTypHblH
naM,SITHMK 6oi14aM "" ocp1-14epaM Ta11rapcKoro no11Ka naH-
<f>H110BCKOH AHBH3HH H reHepany naH<f>1-111oey.
3THM H TOJlbKO 3THM >1<e11att1-1eM pyKOBOACTeyeMCSI Mbl.
Ec111-1 npo1-13eeAeH1-1e Bblj;\AeT 3a 3TH Y3KHe paMKH Haweii
4e111-1 H e npo4ecce Hawero COTPYAHH4ecTea nepepacTeT Ha
6a3e <f>aKrn4ecKoro MaTep1-1a11a AO 6011bw1-1x o6o6w,eHHH
135
(K 4eMy MaTepHan, 6e3'YCJ10&HO, HMeeT 1'aKylO .1'eHAeH;.
1.vuo), AYMat0; \HO .Mb1."' Haw1;1. APY3bR 6yAeM o4eHli paAbl.
Ho noKa npeAcKa3blBaT•b paHo,,........ 6yAyw.ee noKa:>+<eT.
51 He 3HatO, HaCKOJlbKO DeK. KaK nHCaTeJlb. nony11sipeH
-cpeAH CBOHX 'KOJlller,. HO 3HatO, 4TO 4"1TaTeJlb ero -B· OCHOB.-
HOM AO cerO'AHSIWHero AHR nOYTH He 3Hall - OH.. noKa OAHH
"13 HeTHTy11oeaHHblX pa6oTsir cpeAH Toeap1;1w,ei1 no peMee-
11y. Cot03 nHcaTe11ei1 OTKa3a11 eMy e 6poHe, "' OH OAHH. H3
Tex, KTO 6b111 OTA·aH e co11AaTb1. OH Ha MeHsi noKa npoi-13,.
BOAHT eneYaT11eHHe .4eCTHoro pa60Tsiri-1, ycHA4i-taoro 4e.110'-
eeKa, A06pocoeecTHoro CTeHorpacpa H cpoTorpacpa. KaK
XYAO>KHHKa noKa ero He 3HatO. Jlyywe HMeTb Ae110 c
4eCTHblM "' CKpOMHblM peMec11eHHHKOM, 4eM c MaCTepoM
c 1-:1cnop4eHHblM eKycoM, c pa3epaw,eHHblMH yyecTeaMH,
JlO>KHblM BblCOKHM caMOMHeHHeM - :no H c611H3HJ10 MeHSI
c· HHM. ,lJ,ai1 6or HaM CHJlbl, 3AOPOBbSI H 6ecKOpb1CTHoro
4eCTHoro OTHoweHHR K TPYAY HaweMy, H si HaAetOCb·, 4TO
coo6w,a, o6w,HMH HaWHMH CHJlaMH, Mbl cyMeeM CAellaTb
4TO-TO. nopRA04HOe, AOnOllHSISI Apyr Apyra, H BblMAeT OAHO
u,e11oe H YMHOe. BoT no4eMy MeHSI MeHbWe ecero 6ecno-
KOHT HeTHT,YllOBaHHOCTb oeKa. Mbl Apyr Apyry 4eCTHO no-
MO>KeM B npeAe11ax HaWHX cnoco6HOCTei1 H :no HaM KOM-
neHci-tpyeT AYX rpoMKoro 3BaHHSI. TaK SI AYMatO.
DeK SIBJlSleTCSI aBTOpOM KHHrH, ·a SI, MOH 6yMarH, MOSI
naMSITb, MOH MblCJlH - MaTepi-1a11aMH KHHri-1. C11eAoeaTe11b,.
HO, KHHra oeKa npeAno11araeT 6b1Tb He XYAO>KeCTBeHHblM
npOH3BeAeHHeM B nOJlHOM CMblClle :noro CJlOBa, a BOeH-
HO-AOKyMeHTaJlbHblM XYAO>KecTseHHblM npoH3BeAeHHeM.
6e3yc110BHO, DeK HeceT OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a KHHry, HO OH
4e11oseK HeeoeHHblM H so MHOrHX sonpocax eoi1Hbl pa36H-
paercS1 HeAOCTaT04HO; B CBOIO 04epeAb SI, KaK asrop
MarepHallOB, Hecy OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb nepeA naMSITblO naH-
cpHllOBU,eB, nepeA HCTOpHei1 H nepeA cospeMeHHHKaMH
3a npaBHJlbHOCTb KHHrH; Hecy OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a rpaKTOB-
KY scex eoeHHbrx 1-1 soeHHo-ncHxo11ori-14ecKHX sonpocoe.
Kopo4e rosopS1, oeK OTBeTCTBeHeH KaK asTop-o6pa6oT-
4HK, a SI KaK aBTOp-MaTepHall.
3TO o6CTOSITeJlbCTBO o6Sl3blBaeT oeKa npeAOCTaBJlSITb
MHe npaso peAaK1opa ero pyKoni-1cei1, cor11acosb1saTb co
MHOIO see, npeACTaBllSITb Ha MOi1 npOCMOTp noseCTb . H
11HWb noc11e cor11acosaHHS1 co MHOIO CAaeaTb ee s ne4aTb.
Ae10MaTH4.eCKH Mbl MeHS1eMCS1 po11S1MH: Tenepb -SI 06pa6a-
Tb1sat0 . ero pyKonHCH.
TaKoea ocpi-1u,1-1a11bHaS1 6yxra11repHS1 Hawi-1x OTHQWeHHi1..
He AYMai1Te, · YTO oeKy 11erKo pa6oTatb. OH. 04eHb
136
orpaH114eM, ·. 'nOTOMY 4TO · Ma:rep11a11 He. -a<:erAa. noA c1111y.
eMy;: 11 MHe. TO>Ke. He .. ne('K.o: pa6oTaTb c KHM~ PaccKa3~BaTb
eMy >OAHY· '1 ry >f<e BeW,b TblCSl4Y pa3, CTO pa3 pacrOJl.1{0-'
BblBaTb .. ;JTOM:y . rpa>t<AaHCKOM}' .. 4eno&eKy, 6yKBaJlbHO. AO-
n611Tb pHA ·.t1011o>KeH11H, · npoc'Marp11aaTb ero pyKon11c11 · 11
nepeAHKTOBb'IBaTb OTAeJlbHble. rnaBbl, .: npeOAOJleBaTb- ero
HenoH11MaH11e· 11 rpa>t<AaHcKyt0. ynpSIMOCTb, . a . 11Hor Aa .. 11
1111TepaTypHyt0 yane4eHHOCTb 11 1111xaYecTao, ero r11ynb1e
BOCTOpr11 nepeA an'130AaM'1 · 11·lCpOHl14eCKYIO -3K30TOMaHHIO,
AOXOASIW,YIO nopOH AO nOWJlOCTH,- ace 3TO CT0'1T 60JlbW'1X
c1111, 3Hepr1111 11 Hepeoe.
HeK0Topb1e co4yecTeyt0T 6eKy. Mo>t<eT 6b1Tb, OHH npa-
Bbl. Ho 11 SI no-ceoeMy .· npae 11, np113HaTbCS1, HeMHoro
paccep>t<eH 3a 6e3AYWHOe OTHO.WeHHe K M0'1M CTpaAa-
Hl1SIM ...
Ho, Heea>KHO, npHAeM K KOMnpoMHCCHOMY 11 cnpaeeA-
1111eoMy 3aKJlt04eHHIO: He 11erKO 6eKy 6b1Tb aeTOpOM, a ew,e
TPYAHee MHe 6b1Tb MaTep11a110M. A Aeno Tpe6yeT ceoero
'1 HaM HaAO ero AeJlaTb '1 Ha4aToe AOBeCT'1 AO AOCTOHHOro
KOHU,a. A enepeAH ew,e MHoro pa6oTbl.
nepeaSI noeeCTb nepeAellblBanacb TPH pa3a. nepBblH
6paK, eTopoH 6paK, a TpeTHH pa3, Ka>KeTCSI, yAanocb. · B
HaYane nepeoH noeecT11 6eK paccKa3b1eaeT, YTO eMy np11-
w11ocb npeOAOJleTb '1 HaTepneTbCSI OT MeHSI, npe>t<Ae 4eM
A061111csi Moero cornac11S1 pa6oTaTb c HHM. 1-1 aro npaeAa.
BropaSI noeeCTb HM raK>Ke Ha411Ha11acb c >t<a1106b1 Ha
MeHSI, Ha MOIO >KeCTOKOCTb ... 0Ha ew,e He BblWJla 113 ne4aT'1.
TaM OH on11cb1eaer CBOH Bl13'1T KO MHe c pyKon11cbt0 nepeo.::1
noeeCT'1. 1-1 AOBOllbHO npaBA11BO 11 YeCTHO . .D,eHCTBl1TeJlbHO,
TaK 11 6bl110. .
np11BeAy AOCllOBHO BOCROMl1HaHHe 6eKa 0 HaWeM TBOp-
4eCKOM COApy>t<ecree:
«3roMy-ro 4e11oeeKy, npeAbS1e11S1t0W,eMy n11care11S1M

crpaHHOe Tpe6oeaH11e - «npaBAY nepeA 6orOM», MOeMy
repoio, 6aypA>KaHy MoMblW-Yllbl, SI np11ee3 eo cppoHTOBOH
61111HAa>K pyKon11cb npeAwecreyiow,eH noeecr11.
na4Ka '1Cn11CaHHOH Ha MaWl1HKe 6yMar'1 6b1Jla He 6e3
TOp>t<ecreeHHOCT"'1 113e11eYeHa '13 eew,eeoro MeWKa 11 no110-
>KeHa Ha CTOJl. 0AHaKO 11.CTeKJlO HeMaJlO. Yacoe, npe>KAe
4eM 6aypA>KaH ·MOMb1w-y11b1,. KOMaHAMP reapAeikttoro no11-
Ka, CMOr eio 3aHSITbCSI.
f37
Bee >Ke np11w11a, HaKOHeu,, Ml1HYT'a, KOrAa, np11ABl1Hye
pyKon11cb K Kepoc11HOBOM 11aMne, OH cK110H1111cS1 HaA nepsoi:i
CTpaH11u,ei:i. . .
Mbl He e11Ae1111cb no11r0Aa. 3a 3Tl1 MeCS1U,b1 M0Mb1W-y.n.b1
noxyAen; TeH11 BO BnaA11Hax 1111u,a 6blJ111 rycTO-TeMHblM11;
B OCTpblX yro11Kax He no MOHrOJ1bCKl1 6011bWl1X rna3 npo-
CTyn1111a >Ke114b,- cKa3a11ocb HanpS1>1<eH11e BOMHbl. Ocse-
w,eHHblM JlaMnOM, pe3KO 04ep4eH HblM npocp1111b Ka3aJ1CSI
0
noxo>1<11M, KaK 11 B nepeyto BCTpe4y, Ha npocp1111b 11HAei:iu,a,

naMSITHblM no AeTCKl1M KHl1raM.
OH 6b1CTpo npo4e11 Ha4aJ1bHyto rnaey. TaM paccKa3b1-
aa11acb 11CTOp11S1 KH11r11; on11CblBallOCb 3HaKOMCTBO c EiaypA-
>KatiOM; nepeAaBa.tll1Cb ene4aTJJeHl1SI 0 Hapy>KHOCTl1, MaH.e-
pe, xapaKTepe 3Toro, nopa311swero MeHS1, Ka3axa.
npo6e>KaB BCTyn11eH11e, OH 3ar11S1Hy11 B KOHeU,,. nOTOM
noAHS111 rna3a - 0H11 He 6b11111 np11BeT1111Bb1.
- . no4eMy Bbl BCe BpeMSI TBepA11Te 0 TOM, 4TO $1
Ka3ax? - pa3Apa>KeHHO cnpoc1111 OH.- Han11ca11 OAl1H pa3
11 xBaT11T... Bb1, 6yATO, 3a3blBaeTe, nor11S1A11Te-Ka, 4YAO
np11pOAbl. Bbl OCKop611S1eTe Toro, KOro XOTe1111 6bl :nacKaTb.
3TO 11aCKl1 6ereMOTa.
Moe 1111u,o CTano, BepOSITHO, 04eHb orop4eHHblM: n11ca11,
n11ca11 11 BOT .••
EiaypA>KaH y11b16Hy11csi.
- Ho 6ereMOTOB MHoro,- cKa3a11 OH.- 4To noAena-
ewb, np11XOA11TCSI np11Hl1MaTb 3Tl1 1laCKl1.
2
np1111er1111 Ha 3aCTe11eHHYIO n11alJ.,\-na11aTKOM KOMKy, c611-
Tyto 113 AOCOK. ~ ywe11 TyAa, B nonyTbMy, 4T06 He MeWaTb,
SI Ha611toAaJ1 TO, 4TO n11caTe11to He 4aCTO AOBOAl1TCSI Bl1·AeTb:
repoi:i nosecT11 4"1Ta11 3TY caMyto noBeCTb, EiaypA>KaH Mo-
Mb1w-y11b1 411Ta11 o EiaypA>KaHe M0Mb1w-y11b1. ·
Bnpo4eM, OH oTBepr 6b1 3TY cpopMy11y. 0AHa>KAbl SI
nonpoc1111 EiaypA>KaHa paccKa3aTb AeTCTBO, IOHOCTb, AaTb
WTp11x11 11114HOM >Kl13Hl1. OH 11aKOHM4ecK11 OTBenm: «Jl11w-
Hee». «no4eMy? /f\He 3TO He06XOA11MO». «~ paccKa3blBato
He BaM». «He MHe?» «He BaM, a noK011eH11to. PaccKa3blBato
o TOM, 4TO nepe>1<11To noA· MocKBOM, o nOAB11rax 6aTa11bOHa
naHcp11110Bu,es. Db1110 6b1 rnyno 11 He611aropOAHO noACOBbl-
aaTb Ctop,a co6CTBeHHYIO 611orpacp11to». nepey6eA11Tb He
yAanocb: MHe AOCTa11cS1 TPYAHblM HeycTyn411Bb1i:i repoi:i.
CKJioH11Bw11cb HaA 6yMaroi1, OH He rop61111c". BpeMsl
138
I
or BpeMeHH 6b1crpb1M ABH>KeHHeM Y3Koi1 xyAow.aeoi1 KHCTH
OH OTKHAblBan 04epeAHYIO CTpaHHU,y. 'flopoi1 nanbU,bl Kaca-
JlHCb, MeAne'HHO nor11a>1<11BaS1, 4epHb1e, i<aK rywb, eo11ocb1,
~OTOpble ynpSIMO_ nOAHHMaJlHCb, KaK TOJlbKO _pyKa OCTaBmr-
11a -HX.
1113 reMHOTbl S1 ernS1Ab1ea11cS1 B Hero~ Bor oH norS1Hy11cS1
K 11e>1<a.eweMy Ha CTOlle pacKpblTOMY cepe6pSIHOMY nopTCH-
rapy, B3S111 nan11pocy H HeKoropoe BpeMS1, o 4eM-TO AYMasi,
Bepre11 ero HaA naMnOH, nOACYWHBaSI ra6aK. 3aKypHB, OH
npoA011>1<a11 4HTaTb 6e3 eAHHOro 3aMe4aH11si, 6e3 cnoBa. Bo:r
onSITb ronoBa npHnOAHS111acb,- Ha :nor pa3 nopb1BHCT0,-
6aypA>KaH AOCTail 113 _nnaHWeTa KapaHAaW H CTaJl 4TO-TO
nHCaTb HaHCKOCb 611eAHO-cp11011eTOBblX CTpOK MaWHHOnHCH.
He 6yAy npHBOAHTb ecex ero noMeroK. nepeAaM 1111wb
KOe-4TO H3 pa3roeopa, KOTOpblH npOH30We11 Me>K HaMH,
KOrAa Bee· 6b1110 npo4HTaHo.
3
- «He 4yecrByt0 MocKeb1, B03Ayxa 611reb1 noA Mo-
cKeoi1,- roeop1-111 6aypA>KaH.- He nepeAaH HcropH4eCKHH
MOMeHT , - OKTSl6pb 1941 roAa .••
KaK 06b14HO, ero cy>1<AeHMS1 6b11111 pe3KH, nopoi;t AO He•
cnpaBeAllHBOCTH.
3areM ... 51 He cornaceH c eawei;t rpaKTOBKOH crpaxa.
- C MOeH? no4eMy C MOeH? 51 H3110>KH11 eaWH MblCllH.
- Bo3MO>KHO... Bo3MO>KHO, 4TO SI np11MepHo raK H
paccKa3a11. Ho no Han11caHHOMY BH>Ky: rpy6o, ronopHo,
4yp6aHOM Bblr11SIAHT. BeAb cyw,ecrByt0T pa3Hble BHAbl H
CTeneHH 11t06eH, ManeHbKHH H 6011bWOH crpax, a TYT (OH
yKa3a11 Ha pyKonHcb) Ha 11t0Aei1 cpa3y HaBa1111BaercS1 >KH-
BOTHblH CTpax, crpax B npeBOCXOAHOH CTeneHH, y>1<ac, a
noTOM OHH Ha4HCTO OT Hero oceo60>1<Aat0TCS1. HeBepHo!
Ill, KpOMe . Toro, Bbl OAHOBpeMeHHO npHHH3H11H COJ1AaTa.
51 3anporecroBan. Ho 6aypA>KaH Hacra11ea11.
- Aa, npHHH3H11H. Y HanoneoHa eCTb H3pe4eHHe:
<<1lt0AbMH ynpae11S1eT crpax H nH4HblH HHrepec». K TaKoMy
nOHHMaHHIO 4e110BeKa B HHblX Mecrax CKllOHSleTeCb H Bbl.
· B ynop rnS1AS1 Ha MeHSI · AYMatOUJ,HMH 6011bWHMH 4ep-
HblMH rna3aMH, ol-l noerop1-111:
·- Jlt0AbMH ynpae11S1eT crpax H 11H4HblH MHTepec... A
"1Aea11b1?. · A 611aropoAcTeo, coeetTb, 4eCTb, narpHOTH3M,
rOTOBHOcTb nOAellHTb c T.oeapHW,aMH llHWeHHSI H onatHOCTH;
rc>Toei-IOCTb K. caMono>KepreoeaHHK> B 6opb6e? Pa3ee BCe
139
3·1-e>- nycTb1e cnoBa? Pa~se 6e3 · :noro·-.·Mbl Morm1 6b1
no6eAHTb?
EiaypA>KaH 6b1n He AOBOneH MHOIO, He AOBOneH co6ot0,
co6c'!'BeHHblM paccKa3oM:
- no4eMy,- cnpaw11ean OH,- Bbl He n0Kaaa1111 -KapT11H
nopa>1<eH11sr? no4eMy He nepeAan11 ropbKl1X• AYM 06 3TOM?
BeAb 3TO 6b1no BaM paccKa3aHo.
B onpaBAaH11e SI np11Ben HecKonbKO coo6pa>1<eH11H.
6aypA>KaH BCnb1n11n. ·
-.,- Ecn11 6b1 n11TepaTypHblH cppoHT,_;,.pe3Ko cKaaan
OH,"':- 6b1n, AeHCTBl1TenbHO, Q>pOHTOM, rAe paccTpen11Bat0T
Tpycoe, BaM AaBHO 6bl He. >1<11Tb.
BHOBb ye11AeB Moe orop4eH11e, OH orrS1Tb ynb16HyncS1
11 A06ae11n:
- Oco6eHHO, ecn11 SI 6b111 6b1 TaM KOMaHA11poM.
-~ cnpoc11n:·
- CKa>1<11Te, 4TO Bbl pa3yMe1111, ·KOFA-a B n11CbMe pe- .
AaKTopy >1<ypHana «3HaMSI» ynoMS1Hyn11 o npaBA~ nepeA
6oroM? BeAb Bbl >Ke He Bep11Te B 6ora.
- no4eMy He eepio? ~ Bepyt0~l1H 4eJ10BeK.
C:TpaHHO .... He wyT11T n11 OH? KTo ero 3HaeT, pe3KO
04ep4eHHoe cMyrnoe 111140 HenpoH11u,aeMo.
- Aa,- HeB03MYT11MO npOA011>1<an OH,- SI Bepio B 60-
ra. Ill MOJltOCb 6ory. Bbl AOnro co MHOH npo>1<11n11. Hey>1<en11
Bbl 3Toro He 3aMe4an11.?
- HeT. H1o1 pa3y 1-ie 3aMeTHn.
OH paccMesrncsr.
·- KaKOH ToM 6or? BeAb sr >1<e roBopio o coBecTH. A
6eccoBeCTHblX IllOAeH SI HeHaB11>1<y.
BoT OHO 4TO! Hy, 3TO-To, KOHe4HO, 3aMe4an.
C 3THM-TO TPYAHblM 4e110BeKOM, KOTOpb1H pacnyw1111
nepByio noBeCTb; Mbl npHHSlnHCb 3a cneAyio~y-io».
BTopaS1 noBeCTb n11ca11acb ABa pa3a 11 cei:14ac n~weTCSI
B TpeTl1H pa3. nepBblH pa3 ceK 6b1n y MeHSI B CeHTS16pe
(1943) 11 np11ee3 MHe n11cbMO peAaKTopa >1<ypHa11a «3HaMSI».
~. npOCMOTpen pyKonHCb, CAenan CBOH 3aMe4aHl1SI, CH Sin
Kon1111 co Bcex• pyKon11cei:1 11 Bpy41111 11x E>eKy. Koe-YTO
paccKa3blBan eMy AOno11H11TenbHO, cepbe3HO nor0Bop11e c
H"'M~ : Han11ca11 n11<;bMO peAaKTopy o ·TOM, 4TO o "BOHHe, o
noTpS1cat0~eM 4e11oee4ecKOM CTpaAaH1111 HY>KHO roeoplilTb
npa&AY 11· TOJlbKO_ npaeAy·, 11 npaBAY He no cnoeapro, a no

cepAr:.i.y; ·H ·no p;ywe;· 3aAyweatl...Mil1;. · npocn;1MM-·. c11oeaM11w·
9,;npeAenax· npH11114HSI .11 .3aKOHa' BGi'Htbi,--ionblT"'-'KP.()Bl!BOre. ,
'r·.~1-!Hra•.iieKa ,..._ cc4enoeeK ·.11 · 6oi:tn ,iton>KHa' rp'a:'M'Ol';HO ·t'b'·
140-:
BCeH ocrporoH ocBe~arb H3110>1<eHHb1e Bonpocb1 c BOeHHOH-
T04KH 3peHH51, HMe51 u.e1Hpa11bHblMH BOnpocaMH: 6oH H ero
nc.11xo11or1151, oHa AOll>t<Ha 51Bl151TbC51 A1151 4Hrare1151 noco611eM
BOeHHOro npocBew.eHH51 (a He TO/lbKO pOMaHOM), AatoW.HM
B03MO>KlilOCTb n03HaTb yMaM HCTHHY o BOHHe •
. no4eMy R Han11ca11 :no,. noroMy 4TO nepBa51 rnaBa B
113110>1<eHHH E>eKa MHe He noHpaB1111acb. KorAa 51 roBopto
o npaBAe, o BOHHe, 51 HMeto B BHAY npaBAY nepeA· 6oroM,
raK KaK 4e110BeK He BcerAa 11cKpeHeH .CBOHM ·pOAOM. TaK11e
T.pe6oBaHH51 npeAb51B/151IO He TOJlbKO E>eKy, .HO H KO BCeM
n11repaTopaM·, T. K. u.enb BC51KOH KHHrH - npocBeW.aTb. A1151
Toro 4T06b1 Han11caTb, n11caTe11b A011>1<eH 6b1Tb caMblM npo-
CBew.eHHblM 4e110BeKoM B AaHHOH 0611acT11. Pa3 TeMa eo-
eHHa51 - u.enb aBTopa KHHrH npocBew.eH11e 4HTaTe1151,· BOT
noYeMy 51. nOA4epK11Bato, 4TO :no KHHra B·OeHHo-npocBeT11-
Te11bHOro xapaKTepa, BOT n04eMy 51 Tpe6yto OT oeKa, 4T06bl
er.o KHHra 6b111a noco611eM BOeHHoro npocBe~eHH51, a He
poMaHOM. npowy nOH51Tb MeH51. ~ He Tpe6yto OAH06oKyto
BOeHHyto KHHry, HanMCaHHYIO A/151 C011AaT B cepblX WMHe/151X,
a KHHry Al151 WMpOKOH MaCCbl, c u.enbto BOCnHTaHH51 HaU,HH,
MMe51 B BHAYr 4TO nepBblH KOMaHAHP 3TO MaTb M nepBblH
conAaT - 3TO pe6eHOK B neneHKe, 4TO xopowee pOAHTenb-
CKOe BOCnHTaHHe.- OCHOBa BOCnMTaHH51 6oeBblX Ka4eCTB.
· nocne MOeH nonpaBKH, ecn11 6eKy YAanocb noH51Tb MeH51
11 YAaCTC51 H3110>KMTb Mb1C11b, MHe Ka>t<erc51, 4TO BTopa51
4aCTb noBeCTM He 6yAeT 6ecxpe6eTHOH H q>nerMaTM4HOH,
KaK OHa Bblr1151Aena B npeACTaBneHHOH MHe pyKonHOI OeKa,
w 51 HaAetoCb, 4TO Bbl cepbe3HblX npeTeH3Hi1 KO BTOpOH
4aCTH HMeTb He 6yAeTe.
OcTatocb B HaAe>KAe, 4TO Mbl c BaMH no MHOrHM
BonpocaM nporpaMMbl npeAno11araeMOH Tp1-1norn11 oeKa
OKa>KeMC51 eAHHOM•blWllEiHHHKaMH .... AaH 6or CH/lbl H 3A0-
p0Bb51, LfT06bl nOM04b aBTopy CAenaTb KHMry u.enbHOH B
pa3peweHHH npo6neMHblX BonpocoB eoHHbl - 6051, B co-
3HaHMM ..... 4yBCTBax HaWMX MH/lblX,. c 4HCTblM cepAu.eM,
CTpacTHOH AYWOH, HO c HaMBHblM YMOM · cooTe4eCTBeHHH-
KOB., H36era51 KaK MO>KHO 3MnHpHto, TO ecni: noBepXHOCTHYIO
npaBAY·
MellKHe . TeXHH4eCKMe AeTanH HaWMX . pa3rOBOpOB . oeKy
npHKa3aHo 4ecT.Ho AOllO>KHTb BaM.
nonpOCMTe DeKa paccKa3aTb Ba.M noAp06Ho 0 «MeA-
BeH<bMX ycnyrax» n11caTeneH H o «repo51X»; .ocTaB11eHH.blX·.1:1a·
npoMaB011 CYAb6bt .(B 6onbWHHCTse. cnyYaee o6pe4eHHblX' ·Ha
HeMMH~eMytq; r"16e11b); .... , 0 TOM(.'4TO M<M3Hb _.,ABH>t<yi;t;i.asi
141.
CHiia e 6oio. 0 TOM, 4TO TPYAHOl1311e411Masi 6011e3Hb
COBpeMeHHblX nHCaTe11ei1 - rOHKa 3a KpaCl1BOH CMepTblO
repoee np11HOCl1T He CTOllbKO nOllb3bl o6~eMy Aeny, CKOllb-
t<O epeAa, KOMnpoMeT11pyeT CTPYKTYPY 11 opraH113a411io
6onbworo 6oeeoro KonneKr11ea - eo11HcKoro roeap11w,e-
c'ri3a - .Ha rna3ax 411TaTem1 11 M11pa.
Ecn11 6b1 si 6b1n n11careneM, TO e 3TOM paccKa3e He Aan
6b1 repolO nor116HyTb. 4enoeeK u.ennS1eTCS1 3a >Kl13Hb, np11-
HH.MaeT ece Mepbl AllSI Toro, 4T06bl OCTaTbCSI B >Kl1BblX.
411raTenb BK1ll04aeTCSI e 3TY TeMy 11 BApyr OHa 06pb1eaeTCS1.
0 TOM, 4TO oTeara 11 TpycocTb e 6oio Kone6nt0TCS1
HenpepblBHO n04T"1 Ha OCTp11e HO>Ka, Aep>KaTCSI Ha BOllOCKe,
paCCTOSIHl1e OT repOHCTBa AO TpycoCTl1 OA11H war, TaK>Ke,
KaK H paCCTOSIHl1e OT nio6e11 K HeHaBl1CTl1, HaAO n11caTb.
6e3 c11a6ocT11 repoi1 He repoi:i, a Haw11 n11caTen11 H
XYAO>KHl1Kl1 H3 repoee ecerAa Ae11at0T Herepoee, cKpb1easi
c11a6b1e HX CTOpOHbl, OHl1 He noKa3blBalOT KaK YenoeeK,
n'peoAonee eHewH11e 11 eHyTpeHH11e TPYAHOCTH 6opb6b1,
c'ran repoeM. n1-1wyT Aa>Ke, 4TO repOSIM He np1-1cy~e
4YBCTBO CTpaxa. Pa3Be 3TO YMHO? no3TOMY SI cei:14aC H
HanHcan 0 TOM, 4TO OnHCaHHe 4enoeeKa BblnSl4HBaHHeM
TOllbKO ero OTearH, KaK epO>KAeHHblH Aap npHpOAbl, 6e3
yrna, 6e3 Kpasi - 04eHb KpyrneHbKHM, CKpblB OT 4"1TaTellSI
,napannenbHOCTb "' He1136e>KHYIO conpoBO>KAaeMOCTb 4YB-
CTBa cTpaxa - 4"1TaTenio, noKa3b1eat0T reposi KaK 4enoeeKa
ceepxbeCTeCTBeHHoro noApa>KaTb eMy eMeCTO eceneH1o1S1 e
Hero Ayxa H cnoco6HocT"1 coeepwaTb Ta1<1o1e >Ke noAB"1rH,
KaK "' on1-1cb1eaeMblH repoi:i, npH ycnoe1-11o1 npeoAoneH"1SI
eHyTpeHHHX H BHeWHHX TPYAHOCTei1 6opb6b1.
· KaKyio >Ke Mbl npecneAyeM u.enb, KOrAa on11cb1eaeM
repoS1?
- Hy>KHO, 4T06b1 Macca nocneAOBana ero np1-1Mepy,
a KOrAa on1-1cb1ea10T, KaK OH Kp"1KHyn, MaxHyn pyKoi1, TaK
"' csan1-1n cTonbKO-TO HeMu.ee.- ConAaT 11 roeop1o1T: SI npo-
6oean, Ho. y MeHSI He BblXOA"1T. TaKOH BblMblcen He onpae-
AbleaeT ceoero Ha3Ha4eHHSI. KorAa n1-1wyT, 4TO cHapsiAbl
peyTCSI, nynH CBHCTSIT, neTSIT MHHbl - 3TO nOHSITHO, HO
KOrAa n1-1wyr, 4TO OH y61-1n 50 HeMu.ee, a Ha caMOM Aene
nSiTb, TO 3THM npHHOCSIT 6onbwoi:1 epeA, Aywa H cepAu.e
6onSiT. ~ BOT OT TaKoro HenpaBHllbHOrO H31lO>KeHHSI H
.npeAynpe>1<Aat0. BeAb 3TO cTael1T reposi e HenoeKoe no-
no>1<eH111e nepeA ToeapHw,aMH.
· Jlo>Kb -:- epeA.
BoT ·· e~e npHMep. B u.eHTpanbHOH ra3eTe nosiensieTcsi
14~
CTaTbSI 0 TOM, 4TO HaWH SOHeKa e 6oeM . S3Sl11H TaKOH-TO
ropoA. BoHHbl 3HaioT o TOM, 4TO 6b1110 y6H"ro n.slTb
111e11oseK, a s eTaTbe Hane.4aTaHo 50. ConAaTbl, y4aeTHHKH,
no4HTanH H neper11S1Hy11Heb s HeAoyMeHHH. TaKHe cpaKTbl
npHSOASIT K HeAOSepHIO, H y MeHSI npOCTO KaKaSl-TO HeHa-
SHeTb K 3Tl1M ra3eTHblM KoppeenOHAeHTaM. BoT no4eMy-
SI H rosopio: IlO>Kb - 3TO SIA.
KoHe4HO, senyx 06 3TOM He eKa>Ky, HO s AYWe y soHH.a
oeTaeTeSI oeaAOK. MHe Ka>KeTCSI, 4TO TaKHX l<oppeenOHAel'!-
Tos HaAO 6bl110 6b1 CTporo HaKcl3blSaTb, KOTOpb1e see B11ASIT
s p030BOM eeeTe.
"'11aK, sepHeMeSI K npHe3AY 5eKa. Ha 3TOT pa3 SI ero He
pyra11. OH SISHilCSI KO MHe 6eenoMOW,HblM. 51 He pa3pewHn
ce6e HHKaKHX pe3KOeTeH no OTHOWeHl1IO K HeMy, H OH
yexa11 OT MeHSI AOBOilbHblM. 06 3TOM OH 3acBHAeTe1lbCTBO-
sa11 Kam1TaHy KypMaH6eKy CarblHAblKoey.
B KOHU,e HOS16pS1 SI · np11exa11 s MoeKsy. K MoeM.y
np1o1e3AY 5eK 3aKaH4"1Sa11 STOpOH sap1o1aHT inopoH noeeCTH,
0Ha 6bl11a HeepaeHeHHO 11y4we nepsoi:1, HO onS1Tb-TaKH He
TO. Mb1 e Hl1M npoc1o1Ae11H HaA pyKon11eb10 0Ko110 ASYX
HeAenb. A TyT, HeKcTaTH, Coio3 nHeaTeneH S3AYMan 06"'.'
cy>KAaTb nosecTb 5eKa. ·
5eK 04eHb eol1HosancS1 1o1 Aa>Ke 60S1ncS1 3Toro 06cy>K-
AeH11S1, npocHn MeHSI np11HS1Tb y4acTHe. Csoio npoeb6y
o6ocHOBblSan TeM, 4TO OH He CMO>KeT OTSeT"1Tb H"1 Ha OA11H
113 soeHHblX 11 soeHHo-ne1o1xonor1o14ecK11x sonpocos, ecnH
TaKOBble_ TaM 6yp.y1 3aAeTbl (a OH 6b1n ysepeH, 4TO HMeHHO
3T"1 sonpoebl 6yAyT s u,eHTpe SH"1MaHHS1). 51 OTKa3blsancSI.
"'1 1y1 OH noc1yn1o1n He4eeTHO 1o1 KosapHo: 4epe3 ASa AH.II
npHHoc1o11 MHe ra3eTy c 06bS1sneHHeM, 4TO 8 AeKa6p.si 8
Kny6e Coio3a n11eaTenei;t 6yAeT 06ey>KAeH11e KH11r11 11 4TO
.si s HeM np11H11Ma10 y4ac111e •.51 s03MyT1111e.11. A 5eK, x111po
y11b16Hysw11eb, A06as11n:
- B Kny6e s11e11T 6011bwoe 06b.sisneH11e 11 TciM f!awe
HM.II HanHeaHO KpynHblM11 6yKsaM11. . ..
MHe np11wnoeb noi:1111 Ha 3TO Meponp11.11111e 6e3 sc.siKOH
noArOTOSKH. HapOAY 6b1no MHOro. Jlio6onb1THb1e MOCKBl14H
H MOCKS114Kl1 npSIMO CbeAan11 MeHSI rna3aMl1.
06cy>KAeH11e OTKpb1n reHepan-neHTeHaHT "'1rHaTbes.
Cnoso 6b1110 npeAOCTasneHo 5eKy. Ho OH 11 TYT noe1_yn1111
KosapHo: npo4en nepsyio rnasy 11 eKa3an, 4TO OH 6onbwe
HH4ero He HMeeT CKa3aTb, TaK KaK nOilKOSHHK 5aypA>K~H
MoMblW-Y nb1 ny4we ero CMO>KeT Aanbwe paecKa3aTb _11
OTSeTHTb Ha see l1HTepeeyiow.11e ayA11Top1110 sonpOCbl •.
14~
AyAMTop101 3aan110A'l1POBa11a. A SI cToS111 nepeA HeM Ha
Tp116yHe c rOJlblMM pyKaMM; ..
rn1CbMO A. A. 6EKY
Aoporoi':1 T. 6eK!
51 MHoroKpaTHO A011>KeH 113a1o1H11TbCS1 nepeA BaM11 1-1,
Ka3aJ10Cb 6b1, AaBHO no.pa. np113HaTbCSI, AJ1S1 :noro HeT Hl1
OAHOH Ml1HYTl>I~ He SI pacnonarato apeMe.HeM, a OHO pac-
nonaraeT MHOto. 6b1no 6b1 coaepweHHO HecnpaaeA1111ao c
MOeH CTOpOHbl, ec111o1 6b1 SI noTpaTl1Jl 2-3 4aca Ha M3Bl1HeH11e
nep,eA BaM11, n03TOMy, 3a ace MOM pe3KOCTl1, He pa3611-
paS1cb B AeTallSIX, Mory Han11caTb OT acei':1 AYW11 - npocT11Te
COJl.AaTy.
4TO HOBOro - 19 .6.43 r. HapKOM np11Ka3a11 ee11114aTb
MeHSI no11KOBHHKOM, 4eM 11 MMeto 4eCTb n03Apae11Tb B·ac.
Pa6oTbl Heno4aTbiH KpaH - B HaCTOSIW,eM CMblCJle CJlOBa
HeKorAa. TonbKO Bawe n11CbMO HanoMH1o1110 MHe, 4TO
11MeeTCSI «B0110KOJ1aMCKOe wocce».
Y MeHSI cepbe3HblX npeTeH3HH K BaM no4TH HeT, ec111o1
He C41o1taTb, 4TO BaMH 3TO Kan1o1TallbHoe cTpo1o1Te11bCTBO (KaK
c Ha4ana HaM1o1 npeAnoiiaranocb CAenaTb 1o1 KaK 6yATO 6b1
1o1 npoeKT yTeepA1o11111) c 11erK01':1 pyK11 npeepaw,eHo e epe-
MSIHKY noneeoro T11na. BaM c11eAoea110 6b1 11MeTb e B11AY,
4TO OA11H 1-13 naparpacf>oe nocTaHoe11eH11S1 noneeoi':1 cf>op'rn...;
cf>1o1Kau,1o111 yTBep>t<AaeT, 4TO «BCS1KaS1 epeMSIHKa noneeorb
THna HeAonroee4Ha 1o1 11MeeT 3aAa4y o6ecne4eH11S1 HY>KAbl
TOllbKO cerOAHSIWHero AHSI, a 3aeTpa yT1o1111o131o1pyeTCS1 KaK
XJlaM» (He np11MHTe, no>KallyHcTa, 3a pe3KOCTb - SI U,11TH-
pyto AOC.iJOBHO).
KoHe4HO, SI noH1o1Mato 1o1 He 0Tp1o1u,ato TOT cf>aKT, 4TO
MHor1o1e 1-13 Haw1o1x HH>KeHepoe no 06cTOS1Te11bCTeaM aoi':1i-t1>1
cei':14aC 3aHSITbl TOJlbKO noneeOH cf>OpT11cf>11Kau,11ei':1.
TaK KaK Bbl He 11cK11to4eH11e e 411c11e 11x, 6b1110 6b1
HeyMeCTHblM ynpeKaTb Bae e HeAOCTaTKe npo4HOCTH >Ke.:.
11aeMoro, coopy>t<eHHoro BaM11 61111HAa>Ka c ero apx11TeK-
TypHb1M11 ocf>pM11eH11 SIMM. .
Bee >Ke SI xoTen 6b1 ye11AaTb 3TO o6CTpyraHHoe 611ar~
pOAHOe Aepeao 11. AaTb ou,.eHKY ero OTAenKe nnoTHHKaM11.
OT AYWM >Kena.O BaM n!op4ecKoro . ycnexa 11 A06poro
3AOpOBbSI.
C np11eeTOM 6aypA>KaM
144
· m1cbMO 6. MOMblW-YJlbl
r 11y60Koysa>KaeMblH TOB. MOMblW-Y Jlbl !
no3B011SllO ee6e o6pan1TbeSI K BaM B eBSl3"1 e Tp1-111or1-1ei.1

TOB. A. EieKa «BonoKonaMeKoe woeee», KOTopasi Ha4ana
ne4aTaTbesi y Hae s «3HaMeHM». Xo4eTesi . sb1pa3MTb BaM
rny60Kyt0 6narOAapHOeTb 3a 3TY nOMOil.\b, Koropyt0 Bbl
OKa3am1 A. A. EieKy 1-1 s pe3y11bTaTe KOTopoi.1 sa>1<Hei1w1-1e
npo6neMbl soi1Hbl no11y41-1111-1 esoe 0Tpa>KeH1-1e s eoseTCKOH
JlMTepaType. nepBaSI 4aeTb Tp"1110r"1"1 - «naH<f>MJ1084bl Ha
nepsoM py6e>Ke» - seTpe4eHa 4MTaTeneM 1-1 n1-1eaTe11beKoi1
epeAoi-1 e eaMblM >KMBblM MHTepeeoM 1-1 eo4yseTs1-1eM. Pe-
AaK41-1si see speMsi nony4aeT 4MTaTe11beK1-1e OT3b1Bbl o no-
seeTM EieKa, eTaBSIW,Me ee 04eHb BbleOKO. cHeKOTOpblMM "13
3TMX n1-1eeM Bae, 04eBMAHO, 03HaKOMMT A. A.Eie1<.
HecKonbKO enos o II-i1 4aCTM Tp1-111or1-11-1: oHa o4eHb
MHTepeeHa no TeM 803MO>KHOCTSIM, KOTOpble 3aKnt04eHbl
s ee >KM3HeHHOM MaTep1-1ane, speMeHaMM Hennoxo Han1-1-
eaHa, HO, KOHe4HO, A11Sl ne4aTM ew.e He rOTOBa. 0Ha
Heeo6paHa, pb1x11osaTa, 3a4aCTyt0 nosTopsieT nepsyt0 no-
seCTb. fnaBHOe, B Hei1 He Hai1AeH ew.e BHyTpeHHlrlH eTep-
>KeHb "1 nOTOMY B Hei1 HeT OCTpOTbl, np1-1eyw.ei1 noeeCTM.
nonarat0, 4TO TaKMM CTep>KHeM AOJl>t<Ha eTaTb npo611eMa
KOMaHAMpeKoro peweHMSI - pa3yMa "1 8011"1 KOMaHAMpa,
nposisnsit0w,1-1xcsi s seAeHMM 6osi. Ec111-1 >Ke cpopMyn1-1posaTb
6onee WMpOKO, TO 3TO - MCKYCCTBO BOHHbl. bneAHO noKa-
3aH BO 11-H rtbeeCTM "1 reHepan naH<f>11110B. 04eHb HaAetOCb,
4TO Bb1 noMO>KeTe TOB. beKy npeoAoneTb HeAOCTaTK11 ero
pa6oTbl 1-1 eAenaTb oeTpyt0, yrny6neHHoro 3Ha4eHMH, sew,b.
HanpaensieM BaM 4epe3 AneKeaHApa Anb<f>peAOBM4a He-
eKonbKO 3K3eMnnsipoe N~ 5,6 «3HaMeHM», pacC4"1TbleaeM Ha
OT3blB KaK Baw, TaK 1-1 Baw1-1x 6oi14oe 1-1 KOMaHAMpoe o
noeecTM EieKa. Xopowo, ecm1 6b1 Bb1 Aan1-1 TaKoi1 OT3b1e,
HanpMMep, AllSI ra3eTbl «JlMTepaTypa "1 MeKyeeTBO».
npMMMTe rOpS14"1H npMBeT "1 no>KenaHMSI 6oeBblX ycne-
XOB "1 3A-OPOBbSI OT seero Hawero peAaK4MOHHOro KOJllleK-
TMBa. 04eHb 6b1111-1 6b1 pa,qb1 BHAeTb Bae e MocKee 1-1
«3HaMeHM».
E. M1-1xai1noea
20.09.43
lifaBMHMTe 3a K11S1Keb1: BMHOBaTbl OTepaTMTeJlbHble 4epHMJla.
7-148 145
nPABA.A, -H.AnMC-.AHH.ASI B CEAnE"'
Y MeHSI ecTb pyKonMCH (cppoHTOBble 3an1-1.c1-1). · B ocHos-

HOM, 51 Ha3b1Bal0 HX - «MblC1111 0 BOHHCKOM BOCmHaHHH».
835111 51 HX He 113 11HTepaTypb1, a H3 Tex 6oes, KOTOpb1e
SI npose11.
6blBalOT KHHrH, ,HanHCaHHble KapaHAaWOM, KpaCKOH, ....
6b1Ba10T KHHrH, Han11caHHble KpOBblO. Te MblCllH, KOTOpb1e
SI n11wy, 6YAYT o6beMOM npH611H3HTe11bHO B 30 yYeHH4e-
CKHX TeTpaAeH, .... B351Tbl_ OHH H3 KHHrH B HaType.
Ec11H CYAb6e yroAHO 6b1110, 4T06b1 SI Ha cerOAH51WHHH
AeHb _OCTallCSI B_ >KHBblX, 51 He ysepeH B TOM, HaCKOllbKO
B AallbHeHweM CYAb6a 6yAeT B OTHOWeHHH MeH51 MH110-
CTHBa. OnblT MOH He AOll>KeH nponaCTb AapoM • .sl o6o6w,aio
4aCTHOe B o6w,ee, TaK KaK y MeHSI HeT BpeMeHH noApo6Ho
pacnpocTpaH51TbC51 0 4aCTHOM, TO eCTb MOH 3anHCH COCTOSIT
H3 MblWlleHHSI B nOH51TH51X (npaBAa, HanHCaHHaSI B CeAne).
Csol1MH MblC1151MH B 06pa3ax, cooTBeTcTByiow,Hx AEiH-
CTBHTellbHOCTH, SI nOAe.OHllCSI c A. A.6eKOM. npeAri011ara-
eMaS1 KHHra 6eKa AOll>KHa COCT051Tb H3 4eTb1pex nosecTeH,
H3 KOTOpblX Hane4aTaHa TOllbKO nepBaSI, HanHCaHa BTOpaSI,
a TpeTb51 H 4eTsepTa51 e~e He Ha4aTbl. 4eTb1pbMSI nose-
CTSIMH Mbl XOTHM 3aKOH4HTb nOAMOCKOBHYIO 3none10 •
.sl cosepweHHO He cor11aceH, H Hawe OCHOBHOe pa3HOr-
11acHe c aBTOpOM 3aK11I04aeTC51 B TOM, 4TO OH X04eT CAellaTb
npoH3BeAeHHe,- ero cMyw,aeT, noYeMy Cawa c MaweH He
06b51CH5llOTCC51 B 11I06BH.
KHHr 0 11106BH HanHCaHO MHOro, HO 0 6oe, 0 ero
nCHXOllOrHH, 0 BOCnHTaHHH My>KeCTBa MHe npHXOAH110Cb
Mano BCTpe4aTb.
TosapHw, 6eK 6beT B poMaHTHKy, SI B pea11H3M, H AO CHX
nop Mbl He AOrosop1-1111-1cb. Ec11H Bbl 6yAeTe H B AallbHeH-
weM npOAOll>KaTb rosopHTb 0 poMaHTHKe, HaM c BaMH He
no nyTH, TaK KaK Bbl C0411H t-ieo6xOAHMblM 3aSIBHTb, 4TO Bbl
He XOTHTe 6b1Tb pa6oM MblW11eHH51 - MOHM pa6oM, SI
AOll>KeH CKa3aTb, 4TO SI TaK>Ke He X04Y 6b1Tb BaWHM
pa6oM - pa6oM poMaHTHKH. "111H Mbl COBCeM He AOrOBO-
pHMC51 c BaMH, HllH Bbl 6yAere Ha nSITbAeC51T npo4eHTOB
pa6oM, ·SI Mory 6aw Ha ~aw cornacHTbCSI.
- ,lJ,11S1 Toro 4T06bl BblCTynHTb nepeA 3TOH ayAHTOpHeH
(a SI snepBble BblCTynalO nepeA TaKOH ayAHTOpHeH), HaAO
~ 8b1crynneHHe Ha ae'lepe_ Coio3a nHcareneli CCCP. MocHaa.

8.12.43. . -
146
6b1no 6111 nop,roTOBl1TbCSI, HO SI He 11Men 3TOM 803MO>KHOCTl1,
noroMy 1.1ro Hep,aeHo 113 rocn11ranS1. 3a nocnep,H11e AH11
npe6b1eaH11S1 3p,ecb y MeHSI co3p,anocb ene1.1arneH11e, 1.1ro
Moc1<u111.111 p,yMator 6onbwe. o ce6e, a o p,pyr11x 11M p,yMaTb
1~e1<orp,a. MHe np11wnocb 6eran~ 113 Ka611Hera e Ka611Her, 113
y1.1pe>1<p,eH11S1 e y1.1pe>1<p,eH11e 11 113-3a 6topoKpar111.1ecKoH
HeopraH113oeaHHocr11 SI He 11Men epeMeH11 p,a>t<e nop,yMaTb
o 1.1eM eaM roeop11rb.
Aen11KaTHb1x o6oporoe pe1.111 e MOeM eb1crynneH1111 He
0>1<11p,aihe, SI 6yp,y 1136erarb 11 6n11Hp,a>1<HOH pe1.111, HO ecn11
6yp,er KOe-1.lTO npOCKanb3blBaTb, SI npowy eac 6b1Tb CHl1C-
xop,11renbHblMl1. Korp,a co MHOH roeop11n11 o npep,croS1w,eM
06cy>1<p,eH1111, SI BblCKa3an ceoe MHeH11e, l.lTO noKa B 3TOM
Her Hap,06Hocr11, 06cy>1<p,eH11e npe>t<p,eepeMeHHoe. Ho pa3
y>t< raK nony1.111nocb ...
BoeHHblM MeHSI cp,enana eoi':!Ha. Ao Hee SI 6b1n rpa>1<-
p,aHcK11M 1.1enoeeKOM. Y MeHSI HeT eoeHHoro 06pa3oeaH11S1,
KpoMe conp,arcKoro, Koropoe SI nony1.111n Ha p,eHcre11renb-
HOH cny>1<6e e 1932 rop,y. Ho SI He c1.111rato ce6S1 1.1enoeeKOM
He ceep,yw,11M e eoeHHblX eonpocax. SI conp,ar 11 npowen
eoeHHYIO aKap,eM11to e Harype - e 6oto. "1cxop,S1 113 3Toro,
MHe Ka3anOCb, l.lTO SI 11Me1:<> OCHOBaH11e p,yMaTb 0 BOHHe ...
B KH11rax o BOHHe (si 11Meto e e11p,y nnoic11e KH11r11)
o6bll.lHO nO>Kb BblCTynaeT B KOCTIOMe npaep,bl, Jlo>ttt<ecreyer, OHa Kp111.111r 11 oper o ce6e
11 ece >t<e npaep,a e KOHU.e KOHLI.OB eocrop>1<ecTByer. Xore-
nocb 6b1, 1.1ro6b1 e KH11rax 6b1no noMeHbWe n>1<11.
B MOeM n11cbMe e pep,aKU.11to «3HaMeH11» o npaep,e
CKa3aHo raK: «0 eoi:1He, o norpS1catow,eM 1.1enoee1.1ecKOM
crpap,aH1111 HY>KHO roeop11rb TOnbKO npaep,y, He no cnoea-
pto, a no cepp,u.y 11 no p,ywe 3ap,yweeHblMl1 npocrb1M11
cnoeaM11, e npep,enax np11n111..111si 11 3aKoHa BOMHbl - onb1Ta
Kpoeaeoro». -Ecn11 yMeno npenop,Hecr11 a6contorHyto npae-
p,y, .oHa np11Hoc11r rpoMaHp,HeHwyto nonb3y. A 113-3a rc:>ro,
l.lTO HeKOTOpb1e aBTOpbl He yMetoT roeop11Tb npaep,y, OHl1
1136eratoT ee 11 nop,cOBblBalOT nO>Kb B KOCTIOMe npaBP,bl.
SI He CTOpOHHl1K ronoH cpororpacp1111, HO SI CTOpOHHl1K,
TaK cK.:i3aTb, KOMn0311U.110HHOro nepcneKTl1BHOrO CHl1MKa c
Harypbl -.npaep,bl, B 3TOM nO-MOeMy COCTOl1T 11CKYCCTBO
xyp,0>1<H11Ka. A 3Toro He ecerp,a HaHp,ewb a KH11rax o BOHHe.
Ceoeo6pa3HaSI Hawa noneM11Ka, KoropoH 6eK orKpb1eaer
nepeyto noeeCTb K rnaee ~ilfenoeeK, y KOTOpOrO HeT cjJaMl1-
147
JlHH»,' COOTBeTcTByer HaCT0$1W,eH ,O,eHCTBHTefl'l>HOCTH, a He
CTH11HCTH4eCKOMy npHeMy - Ha :ny TeMy j( HMeJl pa3rosop
c asropoM, A011ro He xo1e11 eMy paccKa3blBaTb o nposeP,eH-
HblX 60$1X, HCnbrTaHH$1X, nepe>t<HTblX H BHAeHHblX, 4T06br co-
BMeCTHO c nHca1e11eM OCMblCJlHTb nepe>t<HT<?e, BHAeHHOe,
onaca$1Cb, 4TO 4e11oseK, He nepe>t<HBWHH 4ero-ro no1pJrca-
t0w,ero caM, cyMeeT JlH nOHJ!Tb H npaBAHBO H3110>KHTb pac-
CKa3aHHYIO AeHCTBHTeJlbHOCTb 6e3 BblMblCJlOB, 6e3 cpaHTa-
3HH, TaK KaK MHe Ka3a110Cb, 4TO BOeHHaj( AeHCTBHTeJlbHOCTb
ropa3AO Kpac04Hee BblMb1c11a TaKoro asropa.
0AHH H3 TOBap1-1w,eH rosopH11 MHe: «T011CTOH >Ke Ha-
nHCall 0 BOHHe», HO j( OTBeTHJl Ha :no: «T011CTOH 6bl11
COJlAaTOM H Han1-1ca11 0 BOHHe, nepe>KHB ee caM, a Tbl He
6epHCb, He MapaH JJY4We 6yMary, noTOMY 4TO Tbl He
COJlAaT, npHTOM H no Harype Tbl TOHKHH •.. »
KoHe4HO, >1<Hsyt0 AeHCTBHTellbHOCTb HaHTH He11erKo,
o6o6w,aTb ee ew.e TPYAHee - nc1-1xo11ornj( BOHHbl MHOro-
rpaHHa, KOHCTPYKU.H$1 4e11oee4ecKoH AYWH o4eHb c110>1<Ha,
H3Y4HTb H Y3HaTb ee He TaK-TO nerKo H He eceM yAaercJr.
MHe, KaK 4HTare11t0 nHCbMeHHOH n1-11epa1ypb1 H nHTe-
parypbr 0 6oe B Harype, HanHCaHHOH He KapaHAaWOM, He
4epHH11aMH, a KpOBblO MOHX TOBapHW,eH no opy>t<HIO, co-
11AaT HaWHX, 6parbee, COOTe4eCTBeHHHKOB H co6creeHHOH
KpOBblO, Ka3aJ10Cb, 4TO TBOp4eCTBO nHCaTe11$1, ero KHHra -
3TO ero AHT$1, rpa>t<AaHHH JlHTeparypHoro MHpa, MHpa KHHr, .
caMoro ny4wero, 4TO OH C03Aa11 Ha ceere. Kro He Jlt06HT
cso1-1x AeTeH, csoero pe6eHKa? no3TOMY sno11He ecrecrseH-
Ho, 4TO HacTOJrW,HH n1-1ca1e11b, HH>KeHep 4e11oee4ecKOH AY-
WH, AOJl>KeH, npe>KAe ecero, Ha OTJ1H4HO 3HaTb KOHCTpyK-
U,HIO AYWH, KoropaJr Haw11a ceoe ececropoHHee np0$1BlleHHe
Ha BOHHe - B 6ot0, B AHH caMblX KpHTH4eCKHX HCnblTaHHH
ecex Ka4ecre 4e11oeeKa.
To11bKO TaKoH n1-1ca1e11b, nepe>t<HBWHH 3TOT npou.ecc,
MO>KeT Ha3eaTb ceoH TPYA reopeHHeM, co6creeHHblM
C03AaHHeM.
51 y6eAH11C$1, 4TO HeKOTOpbre H3 eaWHX ·copaTHHKOB,
Ha3b1Ba$1 ce6j( HH>t<eHepoM 4e11oee4ecKOH AYWH, He ecerAa
3Hat01· ee KOHCTPYKU.HtO, no3TOMY 11 no11y4aeTC$1 n11oxo.
A 4HT~Te11b 04eHb 4YTKHH, ero TPYAHO o6MaHyTb. Te n1-1-
ca1e111-1, KOTOpbre OCHOBblBalOT CBOH TeopeHH$1 Ha Jl>KH, HJ(
npo113eeAeHHe nepe>1<11eae1 TOllbKO OAHO H3AaHHe, 6breaer
H 1fropoe, HO ro11bKo no «6nary», no3TOMY j( 3aAa:n Betty
eonpoc - 6poca11 11H OH caM rpaHary, TO eCTb j( xoren
:.11-1nr1o, HOCl(OllbKO "1H>+<eHep 3HaeT KOHCTPYKU,"1!0. npaBAa,
" AOn>l<eH OTKpblTbCSI, 4TO, AllSI Toro 4T06b1 AneKcaHAP
A 111.ij1poAOB"14 11cnb1Ta11 KOHCTPYKU.HtO, SI 15 AHeH Aep>+<an
tll C) 110/~ orHeM, npoc1111 ero CXOA"1Tb TO TYAa, TO CtOAa
"1 1011op1111: «He nOHAeTe /lH Bbl TyAa, TaM 6yAeT 04eHb
"111 l'OpCCHO»,
TorAa y MeHSI 6b111 HHCTPYKTopoM nponaraHAbl <PeAOP
/~M11rp11eo114 To11CTyHoB, c HHM SI 11 nocb111a11 beKa. 0AHHM
(JIOllOM 1 SI XOTell, 4T06bl oeK "1Cnb1Ta11 CTpax; KOrAa OH
1H>:111pm.u,a11cS1, SI scerAa cM0Tpe11 Ha Bb1pa>+<eH11e ero 11111..1,a.
Ho nocb111aTb ero B caM_b1e onacHble MecTa, OTKYAa OH
>l<HllhlM Mor He eepHyTbCSI, Y4"1TblBaSI ero HeonblTHOCTb, SI He
p11c1<Hy11. Ho see >+<e, OAHH-ABa pa3a OH no6b1ea11 11 B 04eHb
onacHblX MecTax.
"1raK, np1o1cTynat0 K 11311o>+<eH11t0 nporpaMMbl npeAnona-
raeMOH KH"1r"1:
lioH. ooi:1 11 BOHHa He HOBOCTb AllSI Ye11oee4ecTBa. B 3TOH
l<HHre H"1 SI, H"1 oeK He co611paeMCSI OTKpblBaTb AMep11Ky
o soi:1He. Jl11wb .XOTHM npaBAi-1Bo 0606w,1o1Tb . nepe>+<HTOe,
noBeAaTb BHAeHHOe.
AneKcaHAP A11bcf:>peAOB"14 rosop1111, 4TO HeKOTOpb1e
CK/lOHHbl paccMaTpHBaTb KHMry, KaK TpaKTOBKY ycTaBa.
nycTb 6yAeT TaK. YCTaB - :no crycTOK o6o6w,eH"1SI onblTa
6oee. OH He sceM AOCTyneH. BoT noYeMy B ceoeM n11cbMe
B peAaKU,HIO «3HaMeH"1» SI n11ca11 0 TOM, 4.TO KHHra OeKa
AOll>+<Ha rpaMOTHO, co ecei:1 ocTporoi:1, qceew,arb eoeHH.b1e
eonpocb1, HMeSI u,eHTpanbHblM eonpocoM: 6oi:1 11 ero nc11'."
xo11or11t0, YenoseK B 6ot0. 0Ha AOll>+<Ha S1BllS1TbCS1 AflSI
4HTaTenei:1 noco61-1eM eoeHHoro npoceew,eH11S1, a He TOllbKO
poMaHo.M, Aat0w,11M B03MO>+<HOCTb no3HaTb yMoM HCTHHY
o BOHHe. BoT noYeMy SI 1o1 cei:14ac Ha.cTa11sat0 Ha 3TOM, a 3TY
MblCJlb, KaK pa3 oeK onSITb ocnap1o1eaeT. 51 c BaMH, AneK-
caHAP A11bcf:>peAOBH4, 6yAy pyraTbCSI.
Pa3 BCSI KHHra ew,e He Han11caHa, MHe X04eTCSI BKpaTu,e
H3110>+<"1Tb eaM see eonpocb1 11 nporpaMMbl 3TOH KHHrH,
KOTOpaSI 6yAeT Han11caHa c TaKHM pac4eTOM, 4T06bl B
o6cy>+<AeH"1"1 Bb.1 Mor1111 roeopHTb 06 3TOM. oot0cb, KaK 6b1
MHe npH 3TOM .He 311oyn0Tpe61<1Tb epeMeHeM.
Ew.e pa3 yTo4HSllO. B KH11re Mbl xoTHM 1o13110>+<HTb MOH
MblC/1"1 KaK paccKa34"1Ka. 04eHb He/lOBKO TO/lbKO, KOrAa·
MeH5:1 .Ha3blBalOT repoeM 3TOH KHHrH. 51 - paccKa34"1K, a
repo1-1 - conAaTbl. 51, Ka.K 4HTaTe11b 1o1 KaK paccKa34HK,
npeAbS1B11S1t0 cneAyt0w,1-1e Tpe6osaHHSI 1o1 cneAyt0w,yt0 npo-
rpaMMY K 3TOH KHHre.
149
Eioi1 --,... opraHH30BaHHOe B03Aei1eTel1e- . Ha• .. npOTHBHHKa
YMOM, OrHeM; neHXHKOH "' T. A,; npH TOM OrHeeoe B03-
Aei1eTBHe SIBJlSleTeSI epeAeTBOM neHXH4eeKoro B03Aei1eTBHSI.
B 6ot0 npoeepsieTesi eee., 11enb1Tb1eat0TeS1 eee 11H4Hble
Ka4eeTea 4e11oeeKa. ne11xo11orHS1 BOHHbl MHOrorpaHHa. HeT
HH4ero He3aAeeaeMoro eoi1Hoi1 e 4e11oee4eeKHX Ka4eeTeax,
J1H4HOH "' o6w,eeTeeHHOH >KH3HH.
Eioi1 epb1eaeT MaeKy, 110>1<b, HanyeKHYtO xpa6poeTb.
COanbWb He Aep>1<11TeS1 noA ·orHeM. B 6ot0 He eKpblTb
yxoAsiw.yio e nsiTKH Aywy. 3Aeeb My>1<eeTeo 111111 eoeeeM
noKHAaeT, 111111 nposiensieTesi eo eeei1 eeoei1 nonHoTe.
McKyccteo H MetOAbl BOMHbl.
foeOpSIT, 4TO B 6ot0 MHOrO eny4aHHOeTei1; SI :noro He
npH3Hal0 1 OTp11u,at0, B 6ot0 HeT eny4aHHOeTei:f. noA eny-
4aHHOeTblO np11Kpb1eaeTeSI eesiKaSI paex11si6aHHOeTb, Heopra-
HH30BaHHOeTb, Heo6AyMaHHble Aei1eTBHSI oq>11u,epa. · Boi1Ha
He siensieTesi A11S1 Hee onpaeAaHHeM. Bee TO, 4TO npo11exo-
AHT e 6ot0 _,_ 3aKOHOMepHo 11 nOA4HHeHo onpeAeneHHblM
3aKOHaM. li'haK, B 6ot0 HeT eny4aHHOeTei1.
f eHepa11-11ei1TeHaHT "1rHaTbee.- «npaBHJlbHO».
OeHoea HeKyeeTea BeAeHHSI 6osi - OrHeeoe B03Aei1-
CTBHe Ha npOTHBHHKa, eoxpaHeHHe >KHBOH CHJlbl, He 6paTb
rpyAbtO. ToT oq>Hu,ep, KOTOpblH roeopHn, eanH eanoM, a
noTOM pa36epeM, 3TO He oq>11u,ep. fpyAbtO nexoTbl HH4ero
He B03bMeWb. CneAOBaTeJlbHO, oeHoea eeAeHHSI 6osi 11
HeKyeeTBO eoeeaTb - 3TO orHeeoe B03AeHCTBHe Ha
npOTHBHHKa.
"1Aea11 6osi - BblHrpaTb 6oi1 6e3 noTepb, HeKyeCTBO
6osi - Bbl!1rpaTb 6oi1 c He3Ha4HTeJlbHblMH noTepSIMH.
Boi1Ha - He Msicopy6Ka. MHorne AYMatOT, 4TO 3Ta eoi1-
Ha c ee HaeblW,eHHOH TeXHHKOH - aeTOMaTaMH, nyneMeTa-
MH, TaHKaMH, opyAHSIMH, caMoneTaMH - He eoi1Ha, a 6oi1-
HS1, pa3 TyAa nowen - He eepHewbesi. AneKcaHA Anbq>pe-
AOBH4 nepeAaean MHe, 4TO OAHH H3 nHCaTenei1 ycoMHHJlCSI
B npaBHJlbHOeTH Moei1 3anHeH, LITO COJlAaT HAeT B 6oi1 He
yMHpaTb, a >KHTb, 4TO HaAe>KAa Ha >KH3Hb eorpeeaeT cepAL\e
H exHAHO 3aMeTHn, 4TO, Mon, eaw M0Mb1w-y11b1 paceKa-
3bleaeT 6acHt0. 51 H cei14ac yTeep>«.11,at0, 4TO 3TO He 6aeHH,
a HacTosiw,asi npaeAa •. MHe HeT HaA06HoCTH 06MaHb1eaTb
COJlAaTa, nOTOMY 4TO SI caM C011AaT.
no4eMy BOHHa He MS1Copy6Ka, He norOJlOBHOe HeTpe6'-
neH11e? noTOMy LITO cpeACTBa HCTp~611eHHSI o6eHX CTOpOH
OAHHaKOBbl. 06'beM HCTpe6nsieMOCTH "' cnoco6HOCTH HCT-
pe6mtTb 3aBHCHT OT HeKyceTea eOnAaT: H oq>114epa. K:0He1.1~
150
110 1 60:1 >t<epre He 6b1eaer Hl1 OAHOro 60J1, He cyMen B3JITb
1111M1111n111ny e ceo11 pyK11 - epar re6J1 6yAeT Mcrpe6nsirb,
ac 1111 11.1 11e MO>Kewi. Mcrpe611rb ero. Ho 4TO eoi1Ha ecrb
tff 1I n16ne1-1Me - Ta KOH rpy6b1H, HeorecaHHblH repM11H no
n111wc y 6osi SI orp11u,at0. KoHe4HO, ecnM nOACTae11J1t0T ro-
ncrny, ro ee orpy6at0r. 6oi1 He crpaweH, no3TOMY e
11ric OlllOHIOM CMblCne 3TOro cnoea crpax 60J1 HY>KHO OTpM-
1\nl 1. 11 l\OKt13tlTb, 4TO 6oi1 ·He crpaweH, TaK KaK YenoeeK
llOIOtH c •1enoeeKOM. ncMxon'orMSI 60J1 AOll>KHa 6b1Tb orpa-
ll(Cllln 110 ocex 4eTb1pex noeeCTJIX npaBAMBO M OCMblCJleHHO.
Crpax. SI C4HTatO ero e HeKoTopoi1 creneHM npo6neMa-
1M'lllLIM eonpocoM. Ko MHe npMe3>1<an11 04eHb MHOrMe
110011Hb1e KoppecnOHAeHTbl. K co>1<aneHMt0, MHorMe M3
1111X - WTaTCKMe B eoeHHOH cpopt.\e. SI 04eHb co>1<anet0,
MO>KAY npo4MM, 06 3TOM Ka4ecree eoeHHblX KOppecnoH-
ACllHOB. 0A.11H M3 HMX np11exan KO MHe Ha Q>pOHT, C11A11T,
ni.or Yai1, e OKonax OH He no6b1ean, HM OAHa nynJ1 He
npo>Ky>K>Kana MMMO Hero, a OH C11Al1T M 411Taer MHe
trpaeoyYeHbe 0 TOM, 4TO crpaxa HeT. «KaK MO>KeT 60S1TbCJI
6oeu, KpacHOH ApM1111?» - «He MO>KeT» ... - SI eo3Myr11ncJ1
TtlK11M Heee>KAOH ... 0AHa>KAbl no3eon11n TaKyt0 BOllbHOCTb:
Db1CK041111 113-3a crona, Bb1xear11n n11croner M3 · Ko6ypb1 M Ha
Hero! CM0Tpt0, OH no6neAHen ... TorAa JI cnpaw11eat0:
- EcTb crpax 111111 HeT?
Mo>KeT 6b1Tb, 3TO 6b1no HeKynbrypHo, MO>t<eT 6b1Tb,
HeKOTOpble CKa>KyT, 4TO 3TO HeAen11KaTHO, HO JI C411TatO, 4TO
nocryn11n ropa3AO KynbrypHee, YeM OH co MHOH. CnoeaMM
eMy Henb3JI 6b1no AOKa3aTb. EcnM 6b1 OH He no6neAHen,
11 6b1 npo113een e Hero eb1crpen AllJI roro, 4T06b1 e KOHu,e
1<0Hu,oe HarHaTb. Ha Hero crpaxy 11 AOKa3aTb, 4TO crpax <;.y-
w,ecreyer.
B OAHOM Mecre Moei1 pyKon11c11 JI n.11wy raK: «6eccrpa-
w11e, KaK raKoeoe, eoo6w,e He cyw,ecreyer e np11p0Ae,
6eccrpawHblX" nt0Aei1 Her. 4yecreo crpaxa np11cyw,e eceMy
>K"1BOMY M ee3Aecyw,e. Co3Haeasi onacHOCTb CMepr11, HM
OAHO >K"1BOTH()e He "1AeT B 6oi1 6e3 crpaxa, B CaMoe neKnO,
OTKYAa 6pb13>KeT cMeprbtO. Ho crpax npeoAOneeaercJ1?
4eM? np"1HY>KAeHMeM B.Oo6w,e, BHyTpeHH11M M . BHeWH"1M
(o6w,ecreeHHblM B03Aei1creMeM) e YacrHocr1-1. KaK1-1e np1-1-
HY>KAeH11J1? - BHyrpeHH"1e np11Hy>1<AeH1-1J1, ro ecrb caM ce6J1
np"1HY>KAaeT (coeeCTb, 6naropOACTBO, 4eCTb """"."'" 4YBCTBO AOll-
ra), "' BHeWH"1e npMHY>KAeHl1JI, TO. eCTb o6w,ecreeHHOe. B03-
A9MCTB"1e . (cnacasi :ceot0 co6creeHHYIO YeCTb M. 6naropoA-
151
creo or 4yecrea c'rb1p,a, HH30CTH H no3opa. Bar 4TO noMo-
raer npeop,011erb cTpax. ,D,06poeo11bHo HHKeM crpax He
npeop,011eeaercsi, crpax npeop,011eeaercsi TOJlbKO H TOJlbKO
npHHy>Kp,eHHeM». B KHHre ·:no 6yp,er cKa3aHo 6011ee nop,-
po6Ho, si H311arat0 TO/lbKO nporpaMMy.
«4yecreo c-;paxa nocrosiHHO conpoeo>Kp,aer co11p,ara e
6ota. Crpax HHKorp,a He orcraer or Hero. B 6opb6e co
crpaxoM po>Kp,aercsi oreara, e pe3y11brare no6ep,b1 4yecrea
p,011ra ... » «4ecrb p,opo>Ke >KH3HH, no3op H 6ec4eCTbe
crpawHee cMeprH - coeecrb y Hacrosiw,ero co11p,ara crpo-
>Ke mo6oro eHewHero npHHY>KAeHHSI. Ec11H 6b1 He 6b1110
crpaxa,. He 6.:.1110 6b1 orearn» ...
Crpax Hcnb1rb1eaer He ro11bKO co11p,ar, eot0t0w,Hi1 He-
nocpep,creeHHO Ha nepep,oeoi1, HO H o<f>Hu,ep H reHepa11. He
31-iata HaCKOllbKO 3TO 6yp,er npaeHnbHO, 4TO eoi1Hoi1 H
6oeeb1MH · p,ei1creHS1MH eoi1cK ynpae11sit0r p,ea reHepa11a:
BOHCKOBOH reHepan - 4e11oeeK, H BTOpOH - reHepan-
crpax. Crpax p,a>Ke HMeer reHepa11bCKHH 4HH. ltlcropHsi
3Haer HeMano c11y4aee, Korp,a reHepa11y-crpaxy yp,aeanocb
pewaTb p,a>Ke onepau,HH crparerH4ecKoro Macwra6a.
HHCTHHKT caMocoxpaHeHHSI - 3TO 611aropop,Hoe Ka4e-
CTBO ecero >KHeoro. npaep,a, e 6ecep,e HeKoropb1e eoeHHb1e ·
. KoppecnOHP,eHTbl roeopH11H, 4TO HHCTHHKT caMocoxpaHeHHSI
nopo>Kp,aer rpycocrb. 51 roe op ta: Her. "'1HCTHHKT caMoco-
xpaHeHHSI HMeer ABOSIKYIO cropoHy - OH MO>KeT nopo>K-
p,aTb H rpycocrb, HO e nop,aensitaw,eM 6011bUJHHCree c11y4aee
OH nopO>Kp,aeT OTBary. npaep,a, 3TO npoMe>KyT04HOe 4ye-
CTBO. no4eMy >KHBOH 4enoeeK AO noc11ep,Hero 6opeTCSI,
u,en11siercsi 3a >KH3Hb, p,a>Ke yronaiow,Hi1, KaK roeopHrcsi,
u,en11siercsi 3a co110MHHKy. B u,e11six caMocoxpaHeHHSI 60-
ptarcsi, Hanap,atar, 3aw,Hw,at0r. C11ep,oeare11bHO, HHCTHHKT
caMocoxpaHeHHSI - nepeopop,HblH p,eHrare11b, >KenaHHe
>KHTb H SIBJlSleTCSI 6naropOP,HblM Ka4eCTBOM 4e11oeeKa H He
TQllbKO Yeiio.eeKa, HO H ecero >KHeoro. Orctap,a p,aercsi
rpaK'roeKa: He YMHparb, a >KHTb. >Ke11aHHe >KHTb ronKaer Ha
nop,eHrH, Ha pHCK - 6e3 pHcKa Her no6ep,b1. B 6ota >KH3Hb
HHKOMY He p,apHTCSI, a 3aeoeeb1eaercsi. no3TOMY y6Heai1
rex, KTO xoL!eT y6HTb re~si. 06e3onacb ce6si, roeapHw,a no
opy>KHIO, cooreL1ecreeHHHKOB Hcrpe611eHHeM epara, 6ecno-
w,ap,HblM HCTpe611eHHeM, MW,eHHeM 3a 3110 3/lOM, 3a CMepTb
CMepTblO, Kpoebta 3a KpOeb. Bor noL!eMy· e nepeoi1 noeecrH
MHOIO CKa3aHO: «€011P,aT HP,eT B 6oi1 He YMHparb, a >KHTb».
Bor noYeMy H 3p,etb roeopta, 4TO rpycocrb H oreara ecrb
pe3ynbrar 6opi>6b1 HHCTHHKTa caMocoxpaHeHHSI, a He noro•
1Si
My, •no 11 xoren o6MaHyrb conAara. Bor noYeMy roeapH~,
I OMllt:!linlO~Hi1CSI B npaBAOnOA06HOCTH MOHX '3an11cei1,
11ri11pnt1.
ConABT. Mb1 xorHM orpa3HTb, 4TO raKoe conAaT.
M1101110 npeAcrae11sit0r ce6e, Yro conAaT :no KaKoe-ro
11n111111100, 1<aMeHHOe cyw.ecreo, 6eccepAe4HblH KaproHHblH
•11111ouo1<. ~ c 3THM He cornaceH. B HaYane 1942 roAa SI
111.111y1t<A•H 6bll1 HanHCaTb nHCbMO Ka3aXCKHM nHcarensiM,
•1111 lltlWll AHBH3HSI HMeer CBOIO cneu,HcpH4HOCTb: B HeH
11pnor> 11l1At'llOT 6oHU,bl HepyccKOH HaU,HOHallbHOCTH. ~. KaK
flYllllHOJ~HTellb-COllAaT, BblHY>KAeH 6b111 o6paTHTbCSI K 3THM
1111>11011opaM Ye11oeeYeCKHX AYW· 8b1 >Ke, HH>KeHepbl, Aaeai1-
1u lltlM AYXOBHYIO n11w,y. ~ He xoren yYHTb n11care11ei1, HO
61.111 BblHY>KAeH ' Han11caTb TaK: «/J,yx HaWHX 6oi1u,oe H
1<0MBHA11poe e 6opb6e KpenoK, KaK · rpaHHT. HeHaeHCTb K
lnl<llSITOMY epary ropHT B cepAu.e y Ka>KAOro H3 HHX, HQ
AYWB conAaTa TO>Ke HMeer ceoi1creo H3HawHearbcsi, co11-
At1T - He KaMeHb, He CTallb, He CTeKJlO, a 4e11oeeK, 06b1:..
l<HOB0HHblH 4e11oeeK· co eceMH 4e11ose4eCKHMH 'AOCT.OHH-
CTBaMH, 4YBCTBaMH H c11a60CTSIMH, npHCYW.HMH 'Ka>KAOMy.
OH He TOllbl:<O nocTOSIHHO nposiensier oreary, My>Kecreo,
repoH3M, HO 11 e MHHYTbl AyweeHOH Hee3rOAbl nposiensier
11 c11a60AYWHe, H c11a6oeo1111e.
MHorHM. YAaercSI nepe6oporb 3TY Hanaewyt0 Ha Hero
c11a6ocrb H B3SITb ce6S1 e pyKH, APYrHM roeapH.w, noMoi-aer,
rpeTbHX KOMaHAHP H no11Hrpa60THHK 060ApS1t0T, OAHH.M
CllOBOM, TO>Ke noHeMHO>KKY peMOHTHpytOTCSI, OTTa4HB.alOT'."
csi, KaK ne3BHe 6oeeoro KnH.HKa H 6oeeoro WTblKa . A11SI
3aerpawHero 60S1, Aaercsi HY>KHblH 3aKan HeKorop!>IM op..
11a6eswHM e orHe 6oee.
6oeu, - >KHBOH YenoeeK. OH rpycrHT o >KH3HH, o 11t0peH,
OH >Ka>KAeT -!laCKH H H.e>KHOCTH 11t06HMOH, 4YAH0f'.O nene-
TllHHSI ManeHbKOro 3a6aeHoro Kapany3HKa-CblHa, KYAPSl-
eeHbKOH ManeHbKOH A04KH - OH My>K, OH oreu,!» ~ TaK
n11ca11 nOTOMy, 4TO MHOrHe He npOTHB C4HTaTb C011AaTa
l<BKHM-TO 6ecnnOAHblM, 6eccepAe4HblM cyw,eCTBOM.
,ll,on>KeH npeAynpeAHTb eac, roeapHw,, 4TO y MeHsi
APO>KHT pyKa He noroMy, 4TO si eo11Hyt0cb, SI ew.e 6oneH,
TOllbKo 4TO eepHyncsi H3 rocnHransi. «OH rpenew,er or
pBAOCTH 6oeeoro nOABHra, paAOCTH 11t06eH, paAOCTH or-
u,oscKoro Yyecrea, eocxHw,aercsi Kpacoroi:t np11pOAbl. He>KHO
1110611r BAblXaTb nplilSITHblH apoMaT U,BeTOB. npHSITHO OW.Y'."
W,tlOT renno . SlpKoro COJ1He4HOro CHSllO~ero AHSI, OH c
11t06oebt0 cMorpHT e rony6oe, 6e3o6na4Hoe ·He6o H04btO ... »
15,3
Bnpo1.1eM, H04bl0,. Ka>KeTC51, He6o 6b1eaeT He ro11y6oe,
a c11Hee...
... «OH nna4eT 11 nna4eT ropbKO, onycKa51 e Mor1111y Teno
y611Toro 6oeaoro Toeap11w,a. OH 31111TC51, HepeH111-1aeT, rpy-
CTl1T, ne4a1111TC51, 0611>KaeTC$1 Ha HeBHl1MaTellbHOCTb 611113.
K11X lllOAeH, APY3eM 11 xopow11x TOeap11w,ei1. nopoi1 OH
ycTaer 11 cJ>113114ecK11 11 AYXOBHo: e ronoey ne3yT pa3Hb1e
Mb1c1111, KOTOpb1e MewaioT, KycalOT, np11cTa10T, csepn51T,
T04aT, n11115IT 11 Ha3oi11111eo TPYT AO Kpoa11,T5l>Ke110 AaB51T Ha
Teno 11 AYWY»·
BOT 3THM caMblM $1 XOTen CB011M copOA114aM, Ka3aXCKHM
n11caTen5IM, nonblTaTbC$1 o6b51CHl1Tb, 4TO TaKOe C011AaT.
6oeu, c1111eH CBOHM opy>K11eM, HO B pyKax c11a6oro
caM!)e MOW,HOe opy>K11e 6eCCl111bHO, TaK >Ke KaK c1111a
r11raHTCKOro 6oraTblp$1 Hl14TO>KHa nepeA CaMblM Hl1lfTO>KHblM
opy>1<11eM croi1Koro so11Ha. CTOMKOCTb - W,HT cMenbtX, cna-
ceH11e He B 6ercrse, a B 3aw.11re 11 HanaAeHl111. KTO He
3aw,11w,aeTcsi, TOT nor116aer. 6e3 p11cKa HeT no6eAbl. >K11rb
X04eWb, Aep11Cb AO CMepT11. 6oi1 He 3Haer now.aAbl,
>Kl13Hb - AB11>KyW,a51 c1111a B 6oio.
. CaMoe rp03HOe opy>1<11e 8 6010 """""". 3TO AYWa COnAaTa
11 OHa, KaK BCSIKOe opy>1<11e, rpe6yeT «6oenpHnaCOB» - AY-
XOBHOM TIHW,11.
KTo 6yAeT cHa6>1<aTb 3TO rpo3HOe opy>1<11e · «6oenp11na-
caM11?»
- nHcaTe1111. 3TO 11X npSIMOM AOllr, np51MaSI
o6si3aHHOCTb.
np11 np0113BOACTee 3TOro B11Aa «6oenp11nacOBl> HY>KHO
11CXOA11Tb He TOllbKO 113 "IYBCTBa, C011AaT - 4enoeeK, 11 eMy
np11cyw,e BCe \.leJlOBe4eCKOe. n11care11b AOJl>KeH TIOM04b
KOMaHA11PY npo6y>KAaTb 6naropOAHble nopb1Bbl 11 "IYBCTBa,
803Aei1cTeosaTb Ha coeecTb, \.leCTb, aonio, pa3yM AllSI oc-
Mb1c11eHHOro AeMCTBl1SI BOl1Ha B eocn11TaHl1l1 naTpHOTl14eCKO-
ro 4YBCTBa 4e11oee\.leCKOM KYllbTYPbl H AOCTOMHCTBa, CMe-
Ka11KM 11 My>Kecrea, TaK KaK cyw.HOCTb B011HCKOro eocn11ra-
HHSI 3aKJ1JOl.laeTCSI B Bbtpa60TKe cnoco6HOCTl1 npeOAOJleTb
1111weH11e, rsi>1<ecTb 6oeeoi1 >K113Hl1 11 crpaxa.
ct>aw11cT tte 1.1yAoe11w,e, He APaKOH, He 11ew11i1, a 1.1eno-
seK. ripaeAa, 1.1e11oseK c pa3spaw,eHHOM HaTypoi1, 6e3Hpae-
creeHHblM, Mcnop4eHHbiM, c pa360MHH'-1b11M · xapaKrepoM,
He611aropOAHb1i1, 6aHA11T, nana"I, Mep3aeeu,, tiO eNiy np11-
154
1 yw,o ece 4enoee4ecKoe, cna6oe. 51. coeepweHHO ·He cor na-
urn c KapHKaTypHcTaMH .H c nHTepaTopaMH, KOTOpbre PH'"
1·y1or cpawHCTa c KnblK006pa3HblMH 3y6aMH, KOrTeo6pa3-
llltlMH HOrHIMH, co 3eepHHblM nH40M, CTpaWHblM Bblpa>Ke-
llHOM, HeCBOHCTBeHHblM 4enoeeKy, He TOnbKO 4enoeeKy, HO
H 3eepto, KOToporo He cyw,ecTeyeT Ha ceeTe. 3To 6onee
crpaWHblH 3Bepb, 4eM BOAHTOI B acppHKaHCKHX A>KYHrnSIX,
H TYT >Ke nOA ero HOraMH eansieTCSI OKpoeaeneHHblH Tpyn
>1<epTBbl. 6oe4, He no6b1BaBWHH B 6oto, HH pa3y He BHAeB-
WHH epara, Ha TaKHe nnaKaTbl CMOTpHT c onacKOH, eMy
CTBHOBHTCSI CTpaWHO, y Hero C03AaeTCSI ene4aTneHHe, 4TO
raKoro H nynsi He 6epeT H WTblKOM ero He npoKonoTb,
nOTOMY 4T? OH noKa3aH ceepxbeCTeCTBeHHblM. <:Pa-
WHCT - He CTpawHnHw,e. BMeCTO Toro, 4T06bl eocnHTblBaTb
B COnAaTe C03HaHHe, 4TO HeMe4 TaKOH >Ke 4enoeeK, BMeCTO
Toro, 4T06br Hay4HTb ero HaroHSITb cTpax Ha HeM4a H CMeno
HATH B 6oi1 c HHM, HaWH KapHKaTypHCTbl H nHTepaTOpbl
nyratoT COnAaTa H nyratoT HenpaBAOnOA06HblMH epeAHblMH
BblMb1cnaMH ceoero, TaK Ha3breaeMoro, TBOp4eCKoro eoo6-
pa>KeHHSI. TaKoi1 KapHKaTypHcT oKa3breaeT HaM «MeABe>Kbto
ycnyry», HaroHsieT cTpax e1!4e AO 6osi. A TOT ·conAaT,
KOTOpblH y>Ke Konon HeM4a, CMeeTCSI: «BOT KaKOH rnynblH
XYAO>KHHK, a si eMy noeepHn».
SI He noHHMato, no4eMy TaKOMY XYAO>KHHKY nnaTsir
roHopap BMeCTO Toro, 4T06bl noCclAHTb ero B TIOpbMy ..•
HeHaBHCTb K epary HY>KHO eocnHTbreaTb Ha npaBAHBblX
npHMepax 3eepcTB 3axeaT4HKOB, a He Ha Henpae,t:1,onoA06-
HblX HeyMHblX BblMblCnax KapHKaTypHCTOB H HeKOTOpblX
nHTepaTopoe.
repOH3M. 3TO He Aap npHpOAbl, a pe3ynbTaT B0"1HCKoro
BOCnHTaH"1SI, C03JiaTenbHOro np"1HY>KAeH"1SI ce6st HATH Ha
onacHOCTb AnSI BblnOnHeH"1SI AOnra nepeA OTe4eCTBOM, or-
pa>KAaSI npe>KAe ecero co6cTeeHHYIO 4eCTb H 6naropOAHOe
AOCTOHHCTBO rpa>KAaH"1Ha OT 4YBCTBa H"130CTH, no3opa H
CTblAa. Ecn1o1 6br He cyw,ecTBoeano 3TO 4YBCTBO CTblAci y
4enoeeKa, TO repoH3Ma He 6brno 6br. CopeeHysicb c ce6e
nOA06HblMH B 6naropOACTBe, paeeHCTBe nOAen"1Tb He TOnb-:
KO 6nara 4enoro KOnneKT"1Ba, HO H onaCHOCTb, crpeMneH1o1e
o6e3onaCHTb ce6si H COOTe4eCTBeHH"1KOB nyTeM HaH6onb-
wero 1o1cTpe611eH1o1S1 epara; 6ecnow.aAHOro MW,eH"1SI cMep-
TblO 3a cMeprb, KpoebK> 3a KpOBb. Mb1 AOn>KHl>I eocnHTbl.:
earb 4yecreo 6naropoAcrea, crporo np1o1Aep>K1o1easicb npa-'
.e1o1na: 4eCTb AOpo>Ke >K"13HH, no3op cTpawHee CMepTH.
155
::ho e MOeM. nOHSIHtH. AneKCaHAP AnbcppeAOBH"l :no
pacw11p11T H AaCT e 6011ee XYAO>t<ecTBeHHOH cpopMe.
CaMoe 'OCHOBHOe, "lTO 6yAeT B KHHre, :no BOHHCKOe 80-
cnHTaHHe My>+<eCTBa. Mbl XOTHM 0Tpa3HTb B KHHre MeTOAbl
H HCTQ"lHHKH BOHHCKOro eocnHTaHHSI, KaK11e cyw,ecTBYIOT
HCTO"lHHKH OTearH.
ConAaT - pewaiow,ee 111140 e 6oto H OT ero noArOTOBK11
3aeHCHT ycnex. BoioeT He pa3pHcoeaHHasi KapTa, He Mb1cr1b,
He Me"lTa KOMaHAHpa, KOTopyto nepeAaeT COI1AaTy B cpop-
Me npHKa3a, a HenocpeACTBeHHblM HCnOI1HHTel1eM SIBllSleTCSI
C011AaT. no3TOMY oco6oe BHl1MaH11e AOll>KHO 6b1Tb OTBeAe-
HO BOCnHTaHHIO COllAaTa.
,ll,ocroHHCTBO 1.1e1100eKa Aep>t<11rcsi Ha llH"lHOH ropAOCT11.
,ll,nsi eocnHTaHHSI 6oeab1x Ka1.1ecr0 ecrb pstA 611aropoAHblX
1.1epr 1.1e1100eKa, KOTOpble HaAO nOCTOSIHHO pa3BHBaTb.
B 1.1eM AOll>t<Ha cocrosirb cyw,HOCTb aocn11raHHsi?
B cnoco6HocrH npeoAoneaarb rsiroTbl, 1111weHHS1 11 crpax.
llH"lHaSI rOpAOCTb nopO>t<AaeT OTBary He TOllbKO B rpyAe,
B 6blTY, HO H B 6010.
4yacrao AOnra, 611aropOACTBa, 11111.1HaS1, HaU,HOHanbHasi,
OTe1.1ecKaS1 ropAOCTb, HaU,HOHallbHble 611aropoAHble TpaAH-
U,HH npHcyw.11 BCeM HapoAaM H BCeM HaU,HSIM. HeT HaU,H-
OHallbHOH TpaAHU,HH, Mewaiow,eH aoeaaTb, a eCTb HaU,H-
OHallbHble TpaAHU,HH, noMoraiow,He eoeaarb. Ka>t<AblH AOn-
>t<eH nto6H'rb HaU,HIO H 1.1epe3 rny60Kyt0 111060ab H rOpAOCTb
3a CBOIO HaU,HIO n03HaTb Apyr11e HaU,HH, yaa>t<aTb 11 11to6HTb
HX.
CaMoe rpo3Hoe opy>t<He a 6oio - 3TO Aywa conAara.
6oenp1<1nacb1 K 3TOMY opy>+<HIO - AYXOBHasi n11w,a. ,ll,ywa
1.1e1100eKa 6b10aer TaK>Ke pa3JlH"lHblX Cl1CTeM 11 pa3Hb1X
Ka11116po0. n11raTb AYWY - 3TO 3Ha"ll1T AOCTaBllSITb 6oenp11-
naCbl COOTBeTCTBYIOW,eH Cl1CTeMbl, COOTBeTCTBylOw,ero Ka1111-
6pa, a He eoo6w,e. TorAa 6yAeT AOCTHrHyra OCHOBHaSI
u,enb - npo6y>t<AeHHe xopow11x 611aropOAHblX Ka1.1ecT0: co-
eecrb, l.leCTb, pa3yM, OCMblClleHHble AeHCTBl1SI.
Bocn11raHHe HeHae11crH AOll>KHO aecr11cb Ha npaBAHB~x
np11Mepax. CoeepweHHblH conAaTOM nOABHr AOn>KeH 6blTb
on11caii npaeA11eo, 6e3 npeyee11111.1eH11S1.
npaaAa - 3TO caMoe nHTaTellbHOe. cpeACTBO AllSI BO-
cn11TaHl1SI My>t<ecTaa. Jlo>tKe K ocp11u,HallbHblM
HCTO"lHHKaM, COOTBeTCTBYIOW,HM HaCTOSIUJ,eH
TellbHOCTH.
4TO TaKoe LIYBCTBO paAOCTH 6oeeoro nOABHra H paAOCTH
1.56:
1111r1ttl\l•I HnA oparoM; KOTOpoe HCnblTblBCleT C011AaT. nonbl-
1•lll11 k l<JHHl<O H3110>KHTb CBOH MblCJlH.
KoMftHAHp. Coe~eMeHHasi eol1Ha ~e sie11sieTCS1 e6HHOH
My1111tn1opoe H nHKOTepoe, H OcjlHU,epbl 0Te4eCTBeHHOH
111111111.1 110 pb11.1,apH XVI eeKa. 0HH Ae11S1TCS1 Ha TPH KaTeropHH:
• 11111111npt.1 611H>+<Hero 6osi, ocpH1.1,epb1 TaKTH4ecKoro coo6pa-
1111•111111 H HB3Ha4eHHSI, ocpHu,ep (reHepa11) onepaTHBHOrO
Ml·lllllltlllHSl H Ha3Ha4eHHSI.
<)1!>1-iu,ep - opraHH3aTop 6osi, Teopeu. no6eAbl. OTBara
n•l1111\t1f>O 3aKJll04aeTCSI B ero yMe H HenpeKJlOHHOH eo11e.
l<11Ml111AHP AOJl>KeH 6b1Tb C011AaTOM yMa npe>KAe ecero,
1111M>ITYSI Ka3aXCKYIO HapOAHYIO noroeopKy: «WTblKOM
yrli.owb OAHOro, a YMOM H Tb1Cst4y».
OcHOBHOH 3aAa4eH KOMaHAHpa AO 6osi sie11sieTcsi npH-
nHTHe My>+<ecTea BOHHaM no 311eMeHTaM. B 6ot0 >+<e OH
/\On>KeH rpaMOTHO Bbln011HSITb nocTae11eHHble 3aAa4H, 6b1Tb
HllHU,HaTHBHblM, ye11eKaTb 3a co6ol1 OCTallbHblX Ha nOABHrH.
KoMaHAHP He AOn>+<eH 6b1Tb OAH03Ha4HblM, Heco11HA-
111.>1M - OH AOJl>KeH rny6oKO nOHHMaTb, 4TO TaJ<Oe c11yme6-
HOe caM011t06He H ce6si11t06He, pa311H4aTb c11y>1<e6Hb1H 3ro-
H3M OT 06b1eaTe11bcKoro. OH A011>1<eH 6b1Tb cTporo 4e110-
1'104HblM H cnpaBeA11HBblM B OTHOWeHHH nOA4HHeHHblX, npH-
A0p>KHBaSICb npaeH11a: He xea11H 6e3 Mepbt, He Tep3aii 6e3
DHHbl, 4TO 6oeeoe C/1080 A011>KHO COCTOSITb Ha ero eoopy-
>1<0HHH, 3aAeeat0~ee 3a >KHeoe ero co11AaT ceoeH npae-
AHBOCTbtO, 3aAyWeBHOCTblO H npocTOTOH (HO He no-
npoCTeU,KH-npocTOH). KoMaHAHP A011>+<eH yMeTb B03AeH-
creoeaTb Ha coeecTb, Ha 611aropOAHblH nopb1e, Y4HTb H
Y4HTbCSI y nOA4HHeHHblx, ero noApa3AeneHHe B 6ot0 AO-
ll>l<HO SIBHTbCSI AllSI Hero aKaAeMHe.:i. OH A011>KeH OCMb1c-
11eHHO 4YBCTBOBaTb B03110>KeHHYIO Ha Hero OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb,
CMOTpeTb Ha ceoe 11H4HOe AOCTOHHCiBO 4epe3 npH3MY
l<p.HTHKH, a He 4epe3 yeenH4HTe/1bHOe CTeKJlO, He 6pocaTbCSI
Ha pa3Hble npHMaHKH: KapbepH3M, MaHHSI ee/1H4HSI H npo-
4He 0TpH1.1,aTe11bHb1e Ka4ecTea 11H4HOCTH Allst Hero AOll>KHbt
6b1Tb 4Y>KAbl. OH AOll>KeH 6b1Tb Hae3AHHKOM rny6oKOH
nocaAKH B CeAne, a He TOp4aTb 4y4e110M H CTpaAaTb OT
HC110BKOH HeyKlltO>KeH nocaAKH. >KecTOKOCTb KOMaHAHpa
AOll>+<Ha 6btTb HCK1ll04HTe11bHO OCMbtc11eHHOH, cnpaeeA11H-
110H, nOTOMY 4TO TparH4eCKHe MOMeHTbl BOHHbl Tpe6yt0T
H cypoeol1 6ecno~aAHOCTH. BoHHa He TepnHT 6ecriopstAKa
H HenoBHHoeeHHSI. CnpaeeA11Heasi 6ecno~aAHOCTb ecTb ca-
Ma si ryMaHHasi, no eCTb 4e11oeeK011t06He.
Onb1T cerOAHJ!wHeH HeyAa4H A011>1<eH cTaTb npeAee-
1li7
CTHMKOM 3aerpawHeH YAa4M. 6epe4b >t<Meyto CMny. Co6mo-
AaTb npaeMna:
He roponMcb yMMparb, a Y4MCb eoeearb.
BotoH M y4MCb, 3aKam1.::icsi M My>t<a.::i.
CneAYIOW.MH eonpoc - reHepan naHcpMnoe.
naHcpMnoe - opMrMHanbHblH eoeHHblH MblCnMTeJlb. Ero
oneparMeHoe npeMMyw.ecreo nepeA HeMeU,KMMM reHepana-
MM - ero TaKTM4eCKaSI rM6KOCTb.
naHcpMnoea Mbl XOTMM nOKa3aTb TaKMM, KaKOH OH eCTb:
pa3yMHblM, norM4HblM, MaHeepeHHblM, pac4eTnMBblM, xnaA-
HOKpOBHblM, CTOHKMM, ynopHblM, u,eneycrpeMneHHblM.
HecKonbKO cnoe o npaeAe.
SI nMcan a peAaKU,Mto, 4TO 4enoeeKa HY>KHO noKa3aTb
pa3HOCTOpOHHMM, TaKMM, KaKOH OH eCTb. 4enoeeKy npMcy-
W.M ace Ka.4ecrea. Her a6co:ntorHoro reposi M Her a6contor-
Horo rpyca. f epOHCTBO M rpycOCTb eCTb pe3ynbTaT 6opb6bl.
OnMcaHMe "lenoeeKa Bblnst4MBaHMeM ronbKO ero orean-1, KaK
Aapa npMpOAbl (epO>t<AeHHOro) 6e3 yrna, 6e3 Kpasi, 04eHb
KpyrneHbKMM, CKpblB napannenbHOCTb M HeM36e>t<Hyto co-
np~BO>KAaeMOCTb 4yecrea crpaxa,- reposi noKa3bleator KaK
ceepxbecrecreeHHoro M HaBst3blBatoT MblCnb 4MTarento o
6e3HaAe>KHOCTM noApa>+<aTb eMy eMecro eceneHMSI AYXa
M cnoco6Hocr11 coeepwarb TaKMe >+<e noAeMrM, KaK M on11-
Cb1eaeMblH repo.::i npM ycnoeMM npeoAoneHMSI psiAa eHyr-
peHHMX 11 BHewHMX TPYAHOcre.::i 6opb6b1;
Bor re eonpOCbl nporpaMMbl npeAnonaraeMOH KHMrM
noA aeropcreoM AneKcaHApa AnbcppeAOBM4a.
Y MeHsi ace.
3aKmo11HrenbHOe cnoao. AneKcaHAP AnbcppeAOBM4, c
eawMM nocneAHMM Bb1crynneHMeM si enonHe cornaceH. H,
npM3Harbcsi, Aa>Ke He nOA03peean 3a eaMH TaKMX cnoco6-
Hocre.::i. Bbl ce.::i4ac Bb1crynMn11 KaK aerop eoeHHOH KHHrM.
A eor c nepebrM eb1crynneHMeM Her, He cornaceH.
,D,nsi Toro 4T06bl 6b1Tb KpaTKMM, SI onSITb npOU,MTMpyto
ABe BblAep>t<KH M3 nMCbMa, aApecoeaHHoro peAaKropy
«3HaMeHM»:
«KHMra 6eKa «4enoeeK M 60.::i» AOn>KHa rpaMOTHO, co
ece.::i ocrporo.::i, oceew.arb 113no>KeHHble eonpocb1 c eoeHHOH
T04KM 3peHMSI, MMeSI u,eHrpanbHblM eonpOCOM 6oH M ero
ncMxonor11to... 0Ha AOn>KHa siensirbcsi AJJSI 4MTarensi noco-
6MeM aoettHoro npoceew.eHMst (a He ronbKO · poMaHoM),
AatoW.MM B03MO>KHOCTb no3HaTb yMoM 11cr11Hy o eoHHe».
SI raK nMcan.
MHe 04eHb HeilOBKO, KOrAa BblCTynaewMe 3AeCb Ha-
3BanM MeHsi aeropoM. OcHOBHblM aeropoM siensiercsi AneK-
158
caHAP A111.cppeAOBHL1. HeKOTOpb1e 3AeCb o.nacanHCb nHYHO-
ro pa3AOp~; KOrAa roeopsn o nHYHOM pa3Aope, MeHSI :no
npocTo ocKop6nS1eT. Pa3AOpa nHYHoro 6b1Tb He MO>KeT,
MO>KeT 6b1Tb nHWb pa3AOP TBOp4eCKHM. "1 :no Hennoxo ...
KHHra 6yAeT po>KAaTbCSI s 6opb6e • .sl He CAaMCSI eMy H eMy
He fHll<OMeHAYIO CAaBaTbCSI.
06 OTHOWeHHSIX, ,SI B Hawei:1 COBMeCTHOM nHTepaTypHOM
pa(>oTe He BMeu.iHsat0Cb s npHeMbl AneKc·aHApa Anbcppe-
JIOBHlla. OH An SI MeHSI asropHrer . .sl c HHM cnopt0 ronbKO
110 npHHU,HnHanbHblM sonpocaM • .sl He yTsep>1<Aat0, LITO ece
ro, •1ro SI AYMalO H roeopt0, npaeHnbHO. 3ro 6b1/Jo. 6b1 c
MoeVI cropoHbl HenpHnHLIHO, :no 6b1no 6b1 >KeCTC>KOM ne-
peou,eHKOM CBOHX cnoco6HOCTeM.
51 OL!eHb 6narOAapeH 3a 3aMe4aHHSI, KOTOpb1e 6binH
CAenaHbl co cTopoHbl ayAHTOpHH. Koe-YeMy 3Aecb SI Ha-
YYHncS1, ycnb1wan H raKoe, Yero paHbWe 3a · co6oi:1 He
3aMeYan. 3a :no SI oYeHb 6.naroAapeH H see :no yyry.
Tyr nt0AH onaeanHeb, He 6yAeT nH 3Aeeb en.nowHasi
<t>Hnoeo<t>HS1. BeAb HaM HY>KHa He <t>HnoeocpHSI, a nHrepa-
rypa. .sl <t>Hnoeo<1>Ht0 He n0Aeoeb1eat0 _se3Ae H set0AY· .s1
>KenalO He Bb16paeb1BaTb H3 KHHrH <t>J-tnoeocpeKylO eTOpOHY
MblWneHHSI 0 BOMHe B nOHSITHSIX, KOTOpble npHHeeyT nonb3Y
YHTarent0, Te <t>HnoeocpeKHe eonpoeb1, KOTOpb1e HenpHeM-
neMbl H He npHHOeSIT B AaHHblM MOMeHT nonb3bl H 6yAyT
orpa>KaTbeH orpHu,arenbHO Ha XYAO>KeereeHHHOM cropoHe
npOH3se,i:i,eHHSI, 6e3yenOBHO, oeTaHyTeSI 3a 6opTOM.
Aanbwe SI nHean peAaKropy:
« ... OeTalOeb B HaAe>KAe, LITO Mbl. e BaMH no MHOrHM
eonpoeaM K npeAnonaraeMoH TpHnornH · 6eKa oKa>KeMesi
eAHHOM°blWneHHHKaMH, H AaM 6or HaM eHnbl H 3AOPOBbSI,
4T06bl nOMOLlb aeropy eAenaTb KHHry u,enbHOM H u,eHHOM
e pa3peu.ieHHH npo6neMbl no sonpoey BOMHb1-60S1 e eo3Ha-
HHH H Yyeereax HaWHX MHnblX e L!HeTblM eepAU,eM, eTpa-
eTHOM AYWOH, HO e HaHBHblM yMOM eooreYeerseHHHKoe,
H36eraSI KaK MO>KHO 3MnHpHIO, TO eeTb noeepXHOeTHYIO
npaBAY ,.,))
Bor oeHOBHaSI u,enb, KOTopyt0 SI eblpa3Hn e nHebMe K
peAaKropy •
.sl eu.~e pa3 eb1pa>1<at0 6naroAapHoerb 3a yYe6y H Ha-
Aet0eb, YTO eenH eyAb6e 6yAeT yroAHO oeTaBHTb Hae e
)f(HB'blX, . Mbl npHnO>KHM eee yeHnHJI K TOMy, 4T06bl KHHra
6eKa Bbtwna, H eenH OHa npHHeeeT_ >1<enaeMyt0 nonb3Y H_
YAOBnereopeHHe 6oi:iu,aM, TO 3TO 6yAeT AnH Hae 6onbWOH
HarpaAOH. . ' ..
159
PE~AKTOPY >t<YPHAJlA cc3HAMSI»
Ysa>KaeMaSI EKaTepHHa H1-1Ko11ae0Ha!

601-1,qy He,qo6poKaYecrseHHOCTH creHorpaMMbl ol- 2 an-
pe11S1 1944 ro,qa, MHe npHXOAHTCSI nHCbMeHHO H3JlO>KHTb
csoH 3aMeYaHHSI no sropoi:1 nosecnt A11eKcaH,qpa 6eKa no,q
3ar11a0HeM «DOM».
28 Mapra 1944 ro,qa SI HMe11 YeCTb AOllO>KHTb BaM, YTO
KHHra 6eKa «BOJlOKOJlaMCKOe wocce» SIBJlSleTCSI YaCTblO
U,HKJla BOeHHO-npocseTHTeJlbHblX npOH3Be,qeHHM, KOTOpbre
Mbl HaMepeHbl C03AaTb Ha TeMy BOiiiHbl, 60S1, BOHHCKOro
BOCnHTaHHSI, o6o6w,HB OnblT 6oes, 611aropo,qHble rpa,qHU,HH,
orpa3HB 0e11HKHe yyscrsa 6parcrsa H co,qpy>+<ecrsa coser-
CKHX Hapo,qos B 611aropOAHOM con,qaTCKOM peMecne B 3TOM
Be111-1Koi:1 OreYecrseHHOM soi:1He.
TeMa 6eKa - np1-1po.aa o6opoHHTeJlbHoro 60S1 H ero
nc1-1xo11orHS1. 3a,qaYa ero - noHS1THS1, TO ecTb o6w,ee nepe-
JlO>KHTb B YaCTHble o6pa3bl, 3nH30Abl 6oes, nCHXOJlOrH4e-
CKHX MOMeHTOB, ,a.paMaryprHH BOiiiHbt-60S1 H T.,q. H T.n.
3a,qaYa A11eKcaHApa 6eKa secbMa c11o>KHaS1 H rpy ,qHaSI,
raK KaK ero npo1-130e,qeHHe npe,qnonaraer s ce6e 6brTb
,qoKyMeHTOM, npe>K,qe scero no11HTHYeCKHM, 111-1reparyp-
HbtM, HCTOpHYeCKHM, BOeHH0-61-1orpaq>HYeCKHM, c >KHBblM
MblCJlSIW,HM H nHWYW,HM repoeM cero,qHSIWHero AHSI. 3ro
o6cTOSITeJ1bCTBO Ha11araer Ha asropa 6011bWYIO OTBeTCTBeH-
HOCTb crporo orpaHHYHBaTb ero q>aHTa3HIO, CTeCHSleT CT"1-
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3aHHbre c rpe6osaHHeM speMeHH YeTKO OC03HaBaTb, YTO
s 6oto Haxo,qHTb npas,qy HenerKo, a o6o6w,arb ee ew,e
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npo6neMa 0ocn11raHHSI OT neneHKH AO WTblKOBOiii araKH,
pa3,qe11S1S1 ,qoapMei:1cKoe 0ocn1-1raHHe Ha po,q1-1re11bcKoe, 06-
w,ecrseHHoe, WKOJlbHOe, KOMCOMOJlbCKO-napTHMHOe H ap-
MeMCKHM nepHOA - Ha BOCnHTaHHe, o6yYeHHe H npOSIBJle-
HHe HX pe3YllbTaTOB (KOHeYHO, .He 6e3 reHeBblX cropoH)
s 6ot0, r,qe 11cnblTb10aercS1 H nposepS1eTCS1 see.
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Marep1-1a11a B nHCbMeHHOM 11 YCTHOM H3JlO>KeHHH, Mbl
HaMepeHbl COBMeCTHO c A11eKCaHAPOM 6eKOM, OCMblCJ111B
nepe>KHTOe, C03AaTb. OCMblC.lleHHOe cepbe3HOe np0113Be,qe-
Hl1e 0 AeJlaX COTeH TblCSIY sepHblX CBOeMy ,qo11ry co11,qar
11 Mope np011HTOM KpOBH, reM caMblM BbtnOJlHl1Tb CBOH AOJlr
160
1lllf IP/I lll'IM SITblO norH6WHX H nOCTpaA-aB.WHx 4eCTHblX COJl-
11111 MOH)(, He C4HTaSICb c TeM, 4TO, no MHeHHIO HeKOTOpblX
Mlllt~ lln4aJlbHHKOB, «3TO HenocpeACTBeHHO He OTHOCHTCSI
II Mllt•MY peMec11y Ha AaHHOM 3Tane H. B o6si3aHHOCTH He
llMUllllUTCSI».
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11 1•1 o ncHxo11orHS1. 4e11oeeK e 6010. Ero pa3yM, 11orHKa,
I llllllCTb, 4eCTb.
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y111-1u,, 3aKa11siHCS1 11 My>+<aH 11 T. A· C11eAoeaTellbHO: nepeasi
ltOllUCTb - eocn11TaH11e 6oeBblX Ka4eCTB AO 6osi; BTOpasi
llOllOCTb - COBeTCKHM oq)11u,ep H COJlAaT B 6ot0 (orOHb H
1c11<THKa); Tperbsi noeecTb - reHepa11 "1eaH Bac1111beBH4
I l0Hcp1111oe (TaKTHKa H 311eMeHTbl onepaTl1BHblX eonpocoe
Gosi); 4ereeprasi noeeCTb - MocKea (nepe110MHblM 11cTop11-
'1ec1rni1 MOMeHT XOAa BOMHbl - 311eMeHTbl crpaTer114ecK11x
uonpocoe).
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AOBH4a no OCBOeHHIO MaTep11a11oe, B 11HTepecax Ae11a HH>Ke
no3eo11t0 o6parHTb Bawe BHHMaHHe Ha MOH 3aMe4aH1-1S1 no
t<OHKpeTHOM noeecTH, 3apaHee H3BHHHBWl1Cb nepeA BaMH
3a BOJlbHOe H3JlO>KeHHe 3Tl-1X 3aMe4aHl1M H 3a epeMSI,
1<0Topoe OTHHMatO y Bae 3THM nHCbMOM.
0 AOCT011HCTBax noeeCTl1 nHCaTb He CTaHy.
1.. K co>1<a11eHHt0, He Mory He OTMeTl1Tb, 4TO, HecMorpsi
Ha 4eTeepryt0 nepeAenKy, A11eKcaHAP 6eK AOnycrn11 psiA
OTCTyn11eHHH OT 113110>K0HHOM MHOIO nporpaMMbl npeAn0-
11ai-aeMOM KHHrH B nHCbMe K peAaKTOPY >1<ypHa11a «3HaMSI»
OT 27 ceHrsi6psi 1942 rOAa H CTeHorpaMMbl M00M pe4H B
K11y6e MocKoecKrl!x nHcare11eH or 8 AeKa6psi 1943 roAa no
pstAY np1-1Hu,1-1n11a11bHblX eonpocoe 11, caMoe rnaeHoe, AO-
nycr1-111 n011HTH4eCKl10 ow116K11, KOT0pb10 He TOJlbKO CHl1>Ka-
IOT AOCT011HCTBO 11 U,0HHOCTb KH11r11, a SIBJlSllOTCSI nary6HblM
Cl1MnTOMOM A11SI Ha4aToro c TaKl1Ml1 611ar11M11 HaMepeHl1SIMl1
OT 411CTOro cepAu.a Aella A11SI COOT040CTB0HHHKOB HaWHX.
A11eKcaHAP 6eK - 4e11oeeK co c11a6b1M, 6ecnpHHu,11n-
HblM icapaKTepoM. Bo30MHl1B, 4TO OH AOCTaT04HO npocee-
w.eH e eonpocax BOMHbl 11 ee ncHxo11orH11 11 Ha «xopowo»
3Haer ceo11x repoee, He 3Hasi caMoro ce6si Ha «nocpeA-
creeHHO», nepecra11 A011CKHBaTbCSI no3HaHHSI 11CTHHbl B ·3TJ1X
eonpocax H nona11 noA e11HS1H11e eepxornsiAOB - coee;i:'irn-
KOB 113 cpeA~ CBOHX KOJllleG HeOC03HaHHO YKllOHSISICb OT
a311MyTa B3SIToro Mapwpyra nepeoi;f noeecTH 11 nporpaMMbl
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161
·6naropo,qHoro caMomo611si H 06b1eaTenbcKoro· 3rOH3Ma,
S1K06b1 3a,qeyoro cnneTHei'i · e Kpyry HeKOTOpblX >t<ypHami-
CTOB, CTaBSIW,HX no,q COMHeHHe era aBTOpCTBO, 6one3HeHHO
nepe>t<He.asi OTCYTCTBHe i;:eoero «SI»,- 3TOT YenoeeK, noTe-
psiewHi'i TBOpYeCKYIO rop,qOCTb HCTHHHOro nHCaTensi, B He-
KOTOpblX eonpocax AOKaTHnCSI AO HH30CTH HeOC03HaHHOro
BHyTpeHHero WOBHHH3Ma. 310 Bb1pa3HnOCb B HenpaeHnbHOH
1paKTOBKe nonHTHYeCKHX H eoeHHblX eonpocoe, He roeopsi
0 nHTepa1ypHo-xy,qo>t<ec1eeHHOM H naKOHHYHOM CTHne H3-
no>t<eHHSI, oCMbrcneHHoro, npo,qyMaHHoro, u,eneyc1peMneH-
Horo noc1poeH11S1 06pa3oe, paccTaHoeKe npaeHnbHblX aK-
u,eHTOB, PHTMHYHOCTH, noKa3e KynbMHHaU,HOHHO-nepenoM-
HblX MOMeHTOB BOHHbl,. o6pa3e MblWneHHSI nio,qei'i, ,qpaMa-
TyprHH BOHHb1-6osi H ncHxonorHYecKHX MOMeHTOB. OH or-
paHHYHncsi 3nH30AHYHO•on11ca1enbHblMH H3nO>t<eHHSIMH, Me-
CTaMH ,qy6oBblM H Ka3eHHblM Sl3blKOM co MHO>t<eCTBOM
<f>aHTa3HH, He,qocTaTOYHO 3THYHO paCTSIHYB TeKCT nHWHHMH
a6aau,aMH, YaCTblMH nOBTOpeHHSIMH H3BeCTHblX nono>KeHHH
nepeoi'i noeeCTH, Yl'o siensieTCSI 6e3ycnoeHOH He,qo6poco-
eecTHOCTblO aeTOpa np11 oceoeHHH npOAHKTOBaHHOro HM
MaTepHana H OCHOBOH ecex norpeWHOCTeH H HH3KOro Ka-
YecTea BTOpOH noeeCTH OTHOCHTenbHO nepeoH, KOTOpasi
HMena YacTHblH ycnex.
2. B 01,qenbHblX MecTax o6paa coeeTcKoro o<f>Hu,epa He
TOnbKO He y,qancsi, a ecne,qcTBHe HeAOCTaTOYHOH npo,qy-
MaHHOCTH. H HapOYHTO HeecTeCTBeHHO"ro OTCTynneHHSI aeTO-
pa OT AeHCTBHTenbHOCTH, OT KOHKpeTHO B3SITOrO HM o6pa3a
H Heee>KeCTBeHHOH 3K30THKOMaHHH no eceH noeeCTH, a 6b1n
HCKa>KeH; 3,qecb HawnH ceoe KpHeoe oTpa>KeHHe ,qeikTBH-
TenbHOCTb H >KenaeMoe, B YeM H 3aKntoYaeTCSI KopeHb 3na
nonHTHYeCKHX OWH60K aeTopa.
a ) «~ He nOHHMan eHyTpeHHero KpenneHHSJ Hawero
cTposi». ~ YAHBneH, HM y o,qHoro A06ponopsi,qoYHoro co-
eeTcKoro nHca1ensi He noeepHe1csi Sl3blK Ta~e eb1paaHTb
ycTaMH COBeTCKoro o<f>Hu,epa, H 3TO a,qpecoeaHO (KaK HM
CKa3aHHoe) yenoeeKy, KOTOpOMY 6blfl0 7-8 neT OT po,qy
s AHH pesontou,HH, yYHncsi s. coeeTcKOH WKone, cnymHn
e coeeTCKHX yype>KAeHHSIX H eoceMb . ne1 B KpacHOH
ApMHH, nocne,qoeaTenbHO npoxo,qsi cny>K6y OT psi,qoeoro
AO cTapwero o<f>Hu,epa, H aa 26 ne1 cyL14ecTBoeaHHS1 Co-
eeTCKOH enacTH He nOHSln CYL14HOCTH coeeTCKOro CTpOSJ, YTO
He AenaeT YeCTH COBeTCKOMY rpa>K,qaHHHy;
6) YenoeeK (repoH noeecTH), KOTOpb1H scio >t<H3Hb npo-
>t<Hn· s CoeeTCKOM Coio3e, TOnbKO Yepea 25 neT c YAHB-
162
llJtllHOM Y3HaeT (npMxo,qMT K 3aKnl04eHMIO), 4TO KOMMYHM-
t 11.1 xopowMe eOMHbl. 3To He AenaeT 1.1ecn1 coeeTCKOMY
111111-!u,epy, coeeTCKOMY eocmtTaHMIO;
" ) «SI OTpMu,an TOrAa nonMTpa6oTy», n11weT 6eK SIK06bl
1 yc:r repoSI noeecn1 1 Ha caMOM ,qene eMy 6b1no AOCnoeHo
( IH138HO M HanMCaHO cneAyiow,ee.
1<CyLU,HOCTb nonMTM4eCKOH pa60Tbl - :no npOHMKHOBe-
111-te e AYWY 1.1enoeeKa. Bo36Y>KAeHMe 6naropoAHblx nopb1-
11oe, no3TOMY Ha eoopy>KeHHM KOMaHAMpa AOn>KHO COCTOSITb
6oeeoe cnoeo, 3aAeeaiow,ee 3a >KMeoe ero conAaT ceoeJ;i
npaBAMBOCTblO, 3aAyWeBHOM npoCTOTOH, 6e3 nMpHKH cnaA-
l<OH Me4Tbl M xpycTa 3annecHeeeewero cyxapS1. SI C4MTalO
Cyll.\eCTBeHHO epeAHblM HeAOCTaTKOM, MeWalOW,MM AOCTM-
>t<eHMIO u,enM, Aa10W,HM o6paTHblH 3cpcpeKT, Heee>KecTseH-
HYIO 6onTOBHIO 6e3 TOnKy, 4MHOBHH4eCTBO, 6iopoKpaTM4e-
CKHH cpopManH3M M np04He arpM6yTbl, KOTOpb1e, K CO>Ka-
neHMIO, npOBOASITCSI HeKOTOpblMM nOA BHAOM nonMTM4eCKOH
pa60Tbl; •• »
6yAbTe CaMM npaeeAHblM CYAbeH - 4TO SI OTpHu,an M
4TO yTeep>t<Aan.
no 6eKy nony1.1aeTCSI npSIMOe npOTMBOpe4Me y6e>KAeHMH
coeeTCKOro ocpMu,epa OCHOBHblM rocyAapCTBeHHblM ycTaHOB-
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coeeTCKOMY nHCaTenlO;
r ) «SI 1.1epHblH Ka3ax, KOToporo paHbWe Ha3bteanH rpS13-
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nMweT 6eK. KaKaSI Heee>KecTeeHHaSI 6ecTaKTHOCTb aeTopa,
4TO He AenaeT eMy 4eCTM M 3a Hero CTblAHO nepeA
4HTaTenSIMM;
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y 6eKa He CTOnbKO eoneBblM, CKOnbKO ynpSIMblM. BMAHMO,
y aeTopa, HeCMOTpSI Ha HeO,qHOKpaTHOe TOnKOBaHMe H
nOSICHeHMe, AO CMX nop OCTaeTCSI He .e nopSIAKe nOHSITMe,
4TO TaKoe BOnSI H ynpSIMCTBO (nepeoe, KaK SI nOHHMalO,-
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e ) no ece11 noeecTH KaK 6enbMO Ha pa3yMe aeTopa
ne>KMT M ,qaeMT HaU,MOHanbHaSI npMHa,qne>KHOCTb ocpMu,e-
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'«CHHCXO>KAeHHSI», «Y4MTblBasrn, 4TO OH HaU,HOHan, TOr,qa KaK
Ha caMOM ,qene cypoBblH M cnpaeeAnMBblH saKOH BOHHb1-60S1
tte 3HaeT HHKaKOH now,a,qbl, CHMCXO>KAeHHSI M CKHAOK HM
conp,aTy, -HM · ocpMu,epy, K Ka KOH 6b1 OH HaU,HH HH npMHa,q-
163
Jle>KaJl. bOH 3Haer , H npM3Haer My>t<ecrno M cnoco6Hocrb
H TOJlbKO cnoco6HOCTb,. BblABHraer H B03Bb1Waer COJlAaTa
H oqrnu,epa. BoHHa He 3Haer BblABH>KeHHH 6e3 6oeeb1X
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eercKoro oqrnu,epa-Ka3axa orpaHM4eHHee, rilynee, Heee>1<e-
creeHHee, 6e3HpaecreeHHee, He6IlaropOAHee, HeraKTM4Hee,
anoJlMTH4Hee, 4eM ecrb Ha caMOM Aeile.
4ro 6brJlo 6br, eCJlM e AeHCTBMTeJlbHOCTM noA nepo 6eKa
nonail 6b1 4eJloBeK ocp1-1u,epcKoro 3eaHHS1, KaK OH caM.
He cJleAyer 3a6brearb, 4TO 3a cnMHOH noJlO>KMTeJlbHOro
e 06pa3e coeercKoro ocpHU,eJJ'a ero noApa3AeJleH11e, ero
HapoA, ero PoAMHa H KpacHasi ApMHSI, ocp11u,epoM KOTO-
poro OH SIBJlSleTCSI. no:noMy aerop AOJl>KeH CTOKpaT npo-
4YBCTBOBaTb OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb, npe>KAe 4eM npeACTaBHTb
ero M11py.
He ClleAyer yeileKaTbCSI 3K30TH4HOCTblO cp1-1ryp, aKu,eH-
THpoearb ece BHMMaHHe Ha u,eer KO>KM 11 Apyr1-1e Heeepo-
neHCKH'e oco6eHHOCHt.
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OT HaU,HOHaJlbHOCTH - OH AOJl>KeH 6b1Tb o6e3JlM4eHHO OT-
BJlelfeHHblM o6pa30M B 3TOM CMblCJle.
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co6blTHH Ha ypoeHe ceoero nOJlO>KeHHSI H 3BaHHSI, y4aW,MM-
CSI,' OCMblCJlHBalOW,MM, pa3BHBalOW,HMCSI B XOAe 6oeeOH
>KM3HM H 6opb6br • .st KOMaHAOBaJl MHOrOHaU,MOHaJlbHOH 4a-
CTblO . .st o6e3JlM4MBaJl ce6si M3-3a >KeJlaHMSI 6b1Tb OAHHaKOBO
paBHblM AJlSI ecex MOMX COJlAaT, MOH rHeB H MOe cepAu.e
AilSI ecex 6blJ1H OAHHaKOBbl, HHa4e ece COJlAaTbl pa3HOH
HaU,HOHaJlbHOCTH He CMOrpenH 6b1 Ha MeHSI, KaK Ha ceoero
KOMaHAMpa, M yKpaHHCKMH COJlAaT He Ha3BaJl 6bl MeHSI
«6arbKO», KaK ' H ~a3aXH «aKCaKaJl» (HaAelOCb, 4TO 3TY
cyw,yio npaBAY He np11Mere 3a HecKpOMHOe xeacroecreo,
raK KaK npaeAa eoo6w,e He xeacroecreo). B 3TOM cyw,ecreo
noJlHTM4ecKoro JlHU,a coeercKoro , ocp11u,epa 11 e 3T,OM oco-
6eHHOCTb COApy>1<ecrea 11 6parcrea KpacHOH ApMHH. B 3TOM
noJ11'1TM4eCKaSI norpeWHOCTb beKa, npOAHKTOBaHHaSI eMy ero
BHyrpeHHHM WOBHHH3MOM, n03TOMY MHOH pa3 BCnblXHBaer
pa3Apa>1<eHHe aeropoM H noily4aercsi ene4arJleH11e, 6yATO
OH nOCTOSIHHO 3a3bleaer «CMOTpHTe Ha ' 3TOro a3Hara B
ocp11u,epCKOM 3BaHHM, 4TO OH B 26 JleT He nOHMMan
coeercKHH crpoH, :4TO KOMMYHHCTbl xopowHe BOHHbl, orpH-.
164
4a11 nomHpa6oTy, ynpsiM, KaK 6b1K, y3oK, HeBe>t<ecTseH,
ano1111rn4eH, HO CMeJlblH B011H 11 TOMY nOA06Hyto 4enyxy.
3. ,ll,11Bl1311SI noKa3aHa TOJlbKO J111Wb paCTSIHYTOH, a He
cpa>1«now,el:1csi, no3TOMY o6pa3 naHqrn11osa no11y41111csi nac-
c11sH1>IM 11 cKy4HblM·. KpaTKOe on11caH11e 6oes s pai:1oHe
co11xo3os 6y11b14esa, OcTawoso, Cnac-PioxoscKOH C411Tato
KaK o6si3aTenbHblH Ml1Hl1MYM AI1S1 Toro, 4T06br A11Bl1311l0
1101<a3aTb KaK cpa>+<atow,yiocsi.
4. ,ll,11a11or naHcjl11110B - no113yHOB Xy>+<e 11 He IlaKOHl14-
Hee, 4eM a ero 3aroTOBKe - a Mo11x pyKon11csix.
5. AraKa on11.caHa cpopMailbHOH 0Tn11cKoH 11 o4eHb He-
YAa4HO. He yAanocb nepeAaTb: np11pOAY aTaK11; 4TO TaKoe
aTaKa; cTpax 11 nc11xo11or11to aTaK11; nopTpeT aTaKytow,11x;
p011b KOMaHA11pa; nOArOTOBKY aTaKl1 orHeM; aTaKa - He
M11Tl1Hr.
6. nopTpeT "1c11aMKy11osa 611eAHOBaT - 411TaTeJ1b ero He
3anOMHl1T - OH 6yAeT B TpeTbeH 11 4eTsepTOH noseCTSIX KaK
OA11H 113 OCHOBHblX repoes.
7. >KeHw,11Ha s Hos11S1HCKOM, 3a HecKOilbKO 4acos yc-
neswasi CO>f<l1TeJ1bCTBOBaTb c HeM4aM11,- BblAYMKa, He-
yMeCTHa 11 Hl1 K 4eMy.
06pa3 Ba11eHTl1Hbl BaxM11cTposoJ:1 He cooTseTCTsyeT
AeHCTBl1Te11bHOCTl1, KOTOpasi ropa3AO KpaC04Hee BblMblCJla
asTopa. 0THOWeH11e K HeM B AeMCTBl1TeJ1bHOCTl1 6blJ10 ro-
pa3AO 4e11oee4Hee, TaKTl14Hee 11 HpaecTseHHee, 4eM y 6eKa.
be3 BCSIKOro Bb1pa>t<eHl1SI 4YBCTBa caM4a 3TY BHyTpeHHIOIO
nopHorpacp11io HY>t<HO Bbl4epKHYTb ..
8. 6aTaJ1bOH Kan11TaHa W1111oea 6b111 6aTaJ1bOHOM cpa-
maiow,11 MC SI ...
Kan11TaH W1111oe 6b111 611aropOAHO CTpaAatow,11M ocp11-
u.epoM, TaK 11 HY>+<HO 6b1110 on11caTb.
9. HeyAa4HO on11caH Bo110Ko11aMCK HaKaHyHe OKKynau,1111,
ApaMaT114etK11e 11 nc11xo11or114ecK11e MOMeHTbl e ropoAe,
HaA KOTOpblM Hae11c11a rpo3osasi Ty4a onacHOCT11.
10. He CAenaH BblBOA. HaAO 6b1 CAenaTb ero ycTaM11
naHcjl11110Ba.
a) 6011 noA MocKeoi:! - 6011. 3a epeMsi;
6) 6011 noA MocKeoi:! - 6011 3a AOporn (OTKa3 OT
J111HeHHOH TaKTl1Kl1, cn11pa11b naHcjl1111oea, Y311bl conpoT11e-
neH11si, onopHbre nyHKTbr);
e) OTCTyn11eH11e - He 6erCTBO, a TaKTl1Ka; .
r) 3Ha4eH11e 6oee A11Bl131111 OT p. Py3bl AO Bo110Ko11aM-
CKa - CTaTl1CTl1Ka pe3YilbTaTOB norepb npOTl1BHl1Ka.
165
11. HeT 003pac;;Tat0~ero . pa.n Ma, Kpa.10ast OT ·nepeoH
noBeCTl1 He3aKOHHO nowna BHl13: TeKCT CTpaAaeT OTCYT-'
CTBl1eM SJCHOH, naKOHl14HOH, OTWJ111cjlOBaHHOH cpopMy1111-
pOBKl1.
' 12. MHor11e AeTa1111 Mo11x 3aMe4aH11H B 4aCTHblX sonpo-
cax MHOIO Han11caHb1 Ha nonstx pyKon11c11 11 noAp06Ho
A0110>1<eHbl 6eKy J1114HO 11 4aCTl14HO 2-ro anpenst 1944 roAa
B np11cyTCTBl111 npeACTaBl1TeJ1SJ >1<ypHa11a «3HaMSJ»
Mo11 3aMe4aH11st I-le OTHOCSJTCSJ u,e1111KOM 11 nonHOCTblO KO
BCeH noeeCTl1, KOTOpast, B OCHOBHOM, YAanacb, a K KOH"."
KpeTHblM ee HeAOCTaTKaM, KOTOpble np11 >1<e11aH1111 aBTOPY
B HeAaneKOM 6yAy~eM yAaCTCSJ 11cnpa011Tb, TeM caMblM
np11AaB· >t<enaeMylO u,e110CTHOCTb 11 Ka4eCTBO, HO see >Ke,
np11 HaJ11141111 yKa3aHHblX BblWe HeA04eTOB, C411Tal0 BTopyio
noeeCTb He rOTOBOH K ne4aTl1 11 Tpe6yio~eH KopeHHOH
nepeAeJ1Kl1 no OT AeJlbHblM np11H411n11aJ1bHblM BOnpocaM.
cTeKCTOM :noro nl1CbMa 6eK 3HaKOM 11 Bblpa3HJ1 CBOe
cor11ac11e.
reapA1111 nOJ1KOBHl1K
6aypA>KaH M0Mb1w-y11b1.
«51 6JlArOtJ,APEH CY .D,b6E»"'

POBHO Tp11 rOAa TOMY Ha3aA naHcjl11J10BCKaSJ A11Bl1311SJ,
HapaeHe c APYrHMl1 4aCTSJMl1 HaweH KpacHOH ApM1111, nocne
ceM11AHeBHblX O>KeCT04eHHblX 6oee B OAHOM 113 onopHblX
nyHKTOB nOAMOCKOBHblX pai:foHOB - cTaHu,1111 KpioKoso, no
np11Ka3y BepxoeHoro r11aBHOKOMaHAOBaH11SJ, nepewna OT
MaHeBpeHHOH o6opOHhl B KOHTpHacTyn11eH11e H BOCbMOrO
AeKa6psi 1941 roAa 3aHS111a cTaHU,11!0 H AepeeHIO KptoKoeo.
SI 6b111 TOrAa cTapw11M neHTeHaHTOM, y4acTeo.0a11 B
nepsoH aTaKe KpacHOH ApM11H s KOHTpHacTynneHHH. 3Ta
AaTa AJ1SJ Hawei;f CTpaHbl 11 AJ1SJ HaWeH Al1Bl13HH 3HaMeHa-
TeJ1bHa TeM, 4TO TOr Aa 6b111a noeepHyTa HCTOplHI BOHHbl,
TO eCTb Mbl nepew1111 OT o6opOHbl B KOHTpHac1yn11eH11e.
KorAa Mbl w1111 e aTaKy e Kpt0Koee, c1apw11!;1 11ei;f1eHaHT
6aypA>t<aH MoMblW-y 11b1 He AYMan, 4TO cnyc1st Tp11 roAa OH
6yAeT 11MeHoeaTbCSJ repoeM noeecT11. SI 6naroAapeH CYAb6e
3a TO, 4TO nocne COTHl1 npoeeAeHHblX 6oee, ei;f yrOAHO
6blJ10 OCTaBl1Tb MeHSJ B >Kl1BblX H3 4HCJ1a naHcpHnoeu.ee, H
• Bi.1c1bmneHHe a Kny6e coaeTCKHx nHcaTenelt Ha o6cy>1<AeHHH

noaecTH 11BonoKonaMCKoe wocce11. MocKira. 8.12.44.
166
SI HMeto 4eCTb cerOAHSI npeACTaBHTbCSI nepeA BaMH B 411He
nom<OBHHKa .
.st np11we11 CIOAa He KpacoeaTbCSI nepeA eaMH, a oree-
4arb 3a ceo11 c11oea. 51 He aerop KH11r11, a Marep11a11 KH11r11,
SI llBTOp paccKa3a 11, KaK Ka>KAblH 4e11oseK, AOll>KeH
oTBe4aTb 3a ceoe c11oeo. Sor no4eMy SI · rosopto, •no
np11we11 He KpacoeaTbCSI,. a OtBe4aTb 3a CBOH CJlOBa. 51
CBOHM np11cyrcTBHeM He X04Y CBSl3blBaTb TOBapH~ei1, crec-
MSITb 11x, SI np113b1Bal0 K OTKpoeeHHOCTl1 H Aa>Ke K pe3KOCTl1.
84epa ,lJ,ai1peA>KHeB rosop1111 0 ne4op11He • .st npHHHMalO
eaw Bbt30B, roroe c saMH soesaTb.
51 4YBCTBYIO ce6S1 AO HeKOTOpoi1 creneHM HeJlOBKO,
KOrAa MeHSI Ha3blBatoT repoeM, o6pa30M coeercKoro ocf>H-
4epa, cpaeH11sat0T MeHSI (Aa>t<e TaKHe MYApe4b1 Haw11Hcb)
c Hano11eoHOM, 6arpaTHOHOM 11 r. A· Bee :no, KOHe4HO,
CMeWHO. 51 He n011KOBOAe4, SI ocp114ep 61111>1<Hero 60S1,
npe>t<Ae ecero. 51 Aa>Ke He Mory cKa3aTb saM, 4TO SI
no11Ho4eHHblH ocp1-14ep raKr114ecKoro coo6pa>1<eH11S1, noroMy
4TO TaKTHKa - :no ee1111Koe AeJlO. fl03TOMY Te TOBap11~11.
Koropbte conocrasm1tor MeHSI c 6arpar110HOM H Hano11e-
OHOM - Heee>KAbl B BOeHHOM OTHOWeHHl1. Ec1111 TOBapH~H
AYMator, 4TO 3i"O MeHSI rporaer, OHH .ow1-16atorcS1, 3TO AO
HeKoropoi1 creneHH Aa>Ke B03My~aer MeHSI.
HeKoropb1e cMy~eHbl - no4eMy 3TOT repoi1 >1<11eer. Ec-
llH 6b1 .ero y61o11111, 11er1.1e 6b1110 6b1 o HeM roeopHTb.
,lJ,yMato, 1.1ro SI He o4eHb 6ecno11e3HblH 4e11oeeK. .st
ocra11cS1 s ->KMBbJX He noroMy, 4TO xore11, a, BHAMMO, CYAb6a
6b111a raKaSI. no3TOMY AaBai1re BMecre no611ar0Aap11M CYAb-
6y H c4acrn11syio c11y4ai1HOCTb. B Aa11bHei1weM, MO>t<eT
6b1Tb, C8011Ml1 paccKa3aM11 H c11y>1<6oi1 B apMMH, SI HeKOTO-
pyto OOJ1b3Y np11Hecy M n03TOMy, AaBai1re, 11y4we SI He
6yAy yM11parb H nycrb roeap11~ei1 3TO He cMy~aer, nycrb
06 3TOM He >1<a11e10T • .st >1<e11ato BCeM HaWMM BOMHaM 11 eaM
>t<H3HH 11 no11Horo 611arono11y4HSI.
B OTHOWeHHH KOHKpeTHOro repoSI. 51 cerOAHSI or11S1Abl-
sa10Cb · Ha3aA. 51 ywe11 Ha nopS1A04Hoe paccTOSIHHe 01·
crapwero nei1reHaHra 6aypAM<aHa MoMblW-Yllbl. Crapw11i1
11ei1reHaHT 6aypA>KaH M0Mb1w-y11b1 renepb H A11S1 MeHSI
TaKOH >Ke o6pa3~ TaKOH >Ke J1HTeparypHblH repoi1, KaK H A11S1
eac. · 3ro 6b1110 s 1941 rOAY, a cei14ac 1944 rOA.
51 6yAy roeop11rb He o ce6e, a o crapweM 11ei1reHaHre
6aypA>KaHe M0Mb1w-y11b1, KoropblH cy~ecrsosa11, oP,HoM 113
COBeTCKHX ocp114epos, Hecy~HX B ce6e o6pa3 BOHHbl, o6pa3
167
Hawero · epeMeHH, o6pa3. Hawero coee'TcKoro 1.1e11oeeKa B
3TOH Be11HKOH 0Te1.1ecTBeHHOH eoi:1He. 51 He roaopio 06
HCKill04HTenbHOH I1H4HOCTH, 6e3yc11oeHo, 3TO He TaK. B1.1epa,
KOrAa TOBapH~H rOBOpHI1H 0 ne1.1opHHe, nblTaJlHCb YTBep-
>KAaTb, 4TO OH npeTeHAYeT .Ha HCKill04HTeJ1bHOCTb. ,D.aeai:1Te
o ne1.1opi-1He noroeopHM no3>t<e.
14AYT paccy>t<AeHHSI o >KHBOM repoe. A noTOM noS1BH-
11HCb HeKOTOpble MOH CTaTbH B ra3eTax H 4HTaTeJ1H Y3HanH,
4TO M0Mb1w-y11b1, OKa3b1eaeTCS1, H ni-1wy~i-1i:1. B1.1epa AO-
K11aA4HK Aa>t<e roeopi-111 3AeCb 060 MHe, KaK o coaeTope.
HeKOTOpb1e TOeapHW,H· noMHSIT Moe npow11orOAHee BblCTyn-
11eHHe. no3TOMy, MHe Ka>KeTCSI, 4TO OTAe11bHble 11IOAH He-
3ac11y>t<eHHO ynpeKalOT A11eKcaHApa A11bcj>peAOBH4a a TOM,
4TO «HaC4eT eawero aBTOpCTBa npHAeTCSI HeMHoro ycoM-
HHTbCSI». 0THOCHTe11bHO nepBOH noeecTH Bbl nOMHHTe, KOr-
Aa A11eKcaHAP A11bcj>peAOBH4 1.1ecTHO roeopi-111, 1.1.ro «B 3TOH
KHHre SI ecero 11HWb A06pocoeecTHblH H npHMepHblH nH-
ceu,». HeKOTOpb1e T011KYIOT 3TO H KaK HpOHHIO, H KaK
11HTepaTypHblH .npHeM. A Ha ca.MOM Ae11e, 3TO He TO H He
Apyroe. KorAa a npow110.M rOAY eaM 4HTa111-1 nepeyio rnaey
BTOpOH noBeCTH, KOTopyio, K. CO>t<a11eHHIO, peAaKTOpbl H~
nponyCTH11H (H 04eHb MHOro, Me>KAY npo4HM, noTepS111H,
4TO He nponycTHm<i), B HeH 6bl110 CKa3aHO, 4TO aBTOpOM
3TOH KHHrH SIB11SleTCSI He 6eK, H He SI, a BOHHa. KHHra
ni-1weTcS1 o eoi:1He eoi:1Hoi:1. 14 Aa11bwe 6b1110 cKa3aHo: «He
KaK 6011bWOe, AO KOHU,a OCMblC11eHHOe XYAO>KeCTBeHHOe
n0110THO, a KaK 3apHCOBKa, 3CKH3 BOHHbl». ToeapHW, WK110B-
CKHH B4epa roeopi-111 0 HeAOCTOHHOM noBeAeHHH COBeTCKO-
ro ni-1caTe11S1 H npo1.1ee H npo1.1ee. EAHHCTBeHHOe, 4TO SI
noHS111 H3 3Toro, 4TO WK11oecKHH roeopi-111 o CKpOMHOCTH.
KoHe4HO, CKpOMHOCTb - 3TO 01.1eHb 6011bwoi:1 npo611eMa-
TH4HblH eonpoc. Ho 4TO TaKoe CKpOMHOCTb, · WK11oecKHH
ece-TaKH He CKa3a11.
noeTOpSllO, KHHra nHWeTCSI BOHHOH. A11eKCaHAP A11b-
cflpeAOBH4, KaK n11caTe11b - aeTop, SI, KaK MaTepi-1a11, ero
noMOW,HHK. Mb1 1.1ecTHO pa6oTaeM.
H111.1ero HeT 6011ee BblCOKoro, 1.1eM 6b1Tb Bb1coK01.1e-
cTHblM 11eTon11cu,eM c OAHOH cTopoHbl, H 6b1Tb 1.1ecTHblM
MaTep11a110M c Apyroi:i cTopoHbl. BeAb ecTb HHTHMHb1e
1.1yecTea He T011bKO B 11H4HOH >t<H3HH 1.1enoeeKa. EcTb Ta.K
Ha3blBaeMblH KOMaHAHPCKHH HHTHM. 143 npaKTHKH BOHHbl Mbl
3HaeM, ·4TO He BCSIKHH Tpyc npH3HaeTCSI, 4TO OH TPYCHT, He
BCSIKHH KOMaHAHP npH3HaeTCSI, 4TO .OH B011HyeTCSI •
.SI npeAOCTae1111 B .pacnop.si>KeHHe A11eKcaHApa A11bcj>pe-
168
11111u1L1a CBOl1 11HTl1MHble 4YBCTBa KOMaHA11pa, >t<enasi BblnSI-
' 111 i. nc11xonor11t0 KOMaHAOBaH11S1. KorAa AneKcaHAP Anb-
•ltpt1AOBl14 n11can: «.sl ecero n11wb np11ne>t<HblH n11ce4», 11
llrltlTOpOM 3TOH KH11rl1 SIBnSleTCSI BOHHa», 3TO BblrnSIAl1T 11 Ha
1 ctMOM Aene KaK caMOOTpe4eH11e aeT.opa.
WKnoecKoro B03Myw,ano - noYeMy py6siT pyKy . .sl OT
1n1<0ro BblCOKoro n11TepaTopa :noro He 0>1<11Aan. OH YAl1-
1nrncsi, no4eMy KOMaHA11P HOCl1T KnHHOK. He B 3TOM Aeno.
A no4eMy 6bl He py611Tb, no4eMy He HOCl1Tb Knl1HOK?
no4eMy 3TOT 11HTl1M 4YBCTBa 6bln paCKpblT? >KenaHl1e
OCMblCnl1Tb 11 nOM04b COBeTCKOMY 411TaTentO no3HaTb 11
oco3HaTb 11cT11Hy o eoi1He. Mbl c1,111Tan11, 4TO eA11HOH 4enbt0
coeeTCKOH m1TepaTypb1 SIBnSleTCSI 3TOT 3no60AHeBHblH
eonpoc.
no3TOMY MHe COBepweHHO HenOHSITHO BblCTynneH11e He-
KOTOpblX TOBap11w,ei1, KOTOpb1.e CTOnb 6naropOAHOe B3a11M-
HOe caMOOTpe4eH11e TpaKTYIOT, KaK HeAOCTOHHOe COBeTCKO-
ro n11caTensi.
B npownoM rOAY si roeop11n, 4TO C411Tat0 npe>t<Aeepe-
MeHHblM 06cy>1<AeH11e eTopoi1 noeecT11. B 3TOM rOAY SI
BblHY>KAeH nOBTOp11Tb, 4TO C411Tal0 npe>t<AeepeMeHHblM 06-
CY>KAeH11e TpeTbei1 noeecT11, TaK KaK 3aMb1cen He 3aKOH4eH,
enepeAl1 ew,e ABe KH11r11. 4eTb1pe noeecT11 o naHcp11noe4ax
AneKcaHApa AnbcppeAOB114a 11Met0T 4enbt0 AaTb e KOM-
nneKce o6opoHHblH 6oi1 eoo6w,e 1-i MaHeepeHHblH 6oi1 Ha
BonoKonaMCKOM HanpaeneH1111,. e YacTHocr11, Ha np11Mepax
6oeBblX AeHCTBl1H naHcp11nOBCKOH A11Bl131111. l.J,eHTpanbHblM
eonpOCOM, npOXOASIW,11M 4epe3 BCIO KH11ry (si roeoptO 06
3TOM nOTOMy, 4TO 6ot0Cb, 4T06bl COAep>t<aH11e TpeTbeH no-
eeCTl1 He OTHOC11nl1 KO BTOpoi1 noeeCTl1, KaK ee co6CTBeH-
HblH HeAOCTaToK), siensieTCSI 6oi1 11 ero nc11xonor11si, YenoeeK
e 6ot0,- SI roeopt0 o ecex YeTb1pex KH11rax,- HapoA B
6ot0, 6naropOACTBO COBeTCKOro B011Ha, coeeCTb, 4eCTb,
HpaBCTBeHHO-MopanbHblH 06n11K COBeTCKl1X nt0Aei1, coeeT-
CKOro B011Ha, 4YBCTBO 11 C03HaH11e AOnra, l1H11411aT11ea, nc11-
xonor11S1 KOMaHAOBaH11S1 11 nOA411HeHl1SI. Kopo4e roeopsi, c11-
nbl coeeTCKoro naTp110T113Ma e 06pa3ax coeeTCK11x nt0Aei1,
COnAaT 11 ocp114epoe Hawei1 MHOrOHa4110HanbHOH, HO eA11-
HOH KpacHOH ApM1111, KOTOpb1e e AH11 rpoMaAHblX 11cnh1Ta-
H11i1 1941 roAa enepeb1e eceMy M11py,- Haw11M APY3bSIM 11
HaWl1M eparaM,- KpacHope411BO CKa3an11 0 ce6e, KTO OHl1
TaK11e, 4TO 3TO 3a COBeTCKaSI Ha411si, Ha411S1 BOIOIOW,11X 6onb-
weBl1KOB, cpa>1<at0w,11xcsi aa 4enoee4·ecKyt0 npaBAYr AOCTO-
169
HHCTBO H cnpaeeAJlHBOCTb. 3TO 6bl110 noKa3aHO He Ha CTpa-
HHU,ax aHKeTHblX 6naHOK,- :no 6bln0 noKa3aHO Sl3blKOM or-
HSI, Sl3blKOM Me4a, eceMH cpeACTBaMH cepAu.a, ecei1 4e11oee-
4ecKoi1 cyW,HOCTblO coeeTCKHX lllOAeii .. 14 Ha n04Bax nOAMO-
CKOBHOH 3eM11H 3TH cf>aKTbl 6blnH 3anHCaHbl CBSIW,eHHO npo-
mnoi1 KpOBblO HaWHX C011AaT H ocp11u,epoe.
Bee 3TH eonpocb1 - c110>1<Hei1wHi1 MexaHH3M 611H>1<Hero
6osi c ero MHOrorpaHHOH ncHxonornei1. 06w,ecTeeHHOe
MHeHHe Tpe6yeT or aeTopa, AneKcaHApa Anbcf>peAOBH4a,
ilpOAyMaHHOro cneu,HaJlbHOro TOJlKOBaHHSI Ka>KAOrO eonpo-
ca B OTAeJlbHOCTH; TOJlKOBaHHSI Ka>KAOrO eonpoca B OTAellb-
HOCTH Hawei1 peanbHOH AeHCTBHTeJlbHOCTH c npOHHKHOBe-
HHeM e r11y6HHy, co aHaHHeM no11Horo o6beMa c TW,arenb-
HOH OTpa6oTKOH KOHTypa cpopMbl, ropH30HTa c Tonorpacf>H-
4eCKOH T04HOCTblO,
no4eMy SI nOA4epKHBalO AeHCTBHTeJlbHOCTb? BblMblCeJl
xopow TOJlbKO TOrAa, KOrAa OH CTOHT BblWe AeHCTBHTeJlb-
HOCTH. TorAa, KOrAa OH CTOHT HH>Ke AeHCTBHTeJ1bHOCTH,-
3TO He BblMb1ce11, a 4enyxa. Co6nioAai1 c11eAy10w,He npa-
BH11a: co6blTHSI 3HaTb TaK, KaK OHH npOHCXOAHllH, HO no-
HHMaTb no-HaweMy, no-coeeTCKH, no-60J1bWeBHCTCKH.
Hawa peanbHasi Aei1cTBHTe11bHOCTb - 3TO npaeAa. 14
omtcaHHe AeHCTBHTeJlbHOCTH He_ SIBJlSleTCSI nopOKOM, a He-
npaBHJlbHOe TOJlKOBaHHe MO>KeT SIBHTbCSI nopOKOM eew,H.
EcnH MO>KHO 6yAeT TaK Bblpa3HTbCSI, HaWH opraHbl u,eH3Y-
j::>b1, opraHbl IOCTHU,HH 6blOT He aa TO, 4TO roeopH11H npaBAYr
a aa ro, 4TO ee TOnKyewb HenpaBHllbHO H He nponycKaior
npo113eeAeHHS1 He noToMy, 4TO TaM HanHcaHa npaeAa, a
noToMy, 4TO TaM npaeAa TOnKyeTc.si He no-HaweMy.
B Hawe epeMSI o6pa3bl C03AalOTCSI He aeTopaMH, a
eoi1Hoi1, cypoeoi1 H TparH4eCKOH o6cTaHOBKOH epeMeHH.
OnHcaTb HJlH noKaaarb raK, KaK 3TO 6b1110 Ha caMOM Aene,
3TO He. ynpow,eH4eCTBO, a HcKyccTeo XYAO>KHHKa-aeTopa.
PacKpblTHe CMb1c11a 6opb6b1 ecrb HCTHHHa.si 3aAa4a XYAO>K-
HHKa, a lllOAH 3TOH 6e3>KaJ10CTHOH 6opb6b1 - MaTepHan.
"1x o6pa3bl, HX noprperbl - cKynbnTypHble Hao6pa>1<eHHS1
3nOXH H HapoAa, HMelOW,He rny6oKHH CMblCJl Ha BeKa, raK
KaK OHH, 3TH o6pa3bl, C03AaHbl . C y<leTOM KOHKpeTHblX
ycnOBHH epeMeHH H o6craHOBKH.
6yAeT 04eHb >Kanb, ecnH OHH HaHAYT TOJlbKO 60Koeoe
OTpa>KeHHe . a ocpopMnsieMblX nHrepaTypHblX AOKyMeHTax,
KOTOpble npeAn011ara10T 6b1Tb AOKyMeHTaMH J1HTepaTypHO-
HCTOpH4eCKHMH H aoeHH0-6Horpacf>H4eCKHMH, &.!TO Hanaraer
Ha asropa 6011bWYK> oreeTcreeHHOCTI>. C coaHaHHeM 3TOH
170
OTBeTCTBeHHOCHI, C 3THMH ·6nan1MH HaMepeHHSIMH oeK npH,.
cryn11n K nosecr11 «naHqrnnoeu,b1».
B4epa HeKoropb1e rosap11w,11 rosopHnH 11 6YAYT ew.e
roeopi·Hb o HeAocrarKax eTopo11 nosecrH. Mb1 3HaeM 3TH
HeAOCTaTKH. 3To HeAOCTaTK11 nepsoro speMeH11 BOHHbl. 3ro
HeAOCTaTKH nepBblX Aecsir11 AHel1 crapwero ne11TeHaHTa
6aypA>+<aHa M0Mb1w-y11b1. Ho Mbl Hl1KOrAa He 6b1n11 HaMe-
peHbl np11rna>K11BaTb, np11yTto>K11sarb ero, non11poearb, n.a-
K11poeaTb, np11MeHS1Tb epa4e6Hyl0 KOcMer11Ky. Mb1 np11Aep-
>+<11ean11cb AOKyMeHra11bHOCT11 e pocTe 3Toro o6pa3a. He
np11Aep>K11BaTbCSI AOKyMeHTaJlbHOCTl1 B pocTe o6pa3a 4Y>K-
AO HpaeaM coeercKoro n11care11si, coeeTCKoro ocp11u,epa. 3ro
6yAeT yrpb13eH11eM coeecr11 nepeA npaeAOH. Mb1 Hl1KOrAa
He XOTen11, 4T06b1 ero HeAOCTaTKl1 6b1n11 ero AOCTOHHCTBa-
Ml1, 4T06bl 0 HeM roeopH11H xy>Ke, HJlH 11y4we, 4eM OH 6blJ1
TOrAa Ha caMOM Aene. Crapw11i1 11el1reHaHT eCTb crapw11i1
11el1reHaHT, a He Kan11raH. KanHTaH 11cnpaeHT owH6KH H
HeAOCTaTKH CTapwero 11el1reHaHTa.
KorAa WKnOBCKHH ynpeKan crapwero 11el1reHaHra e
HeCKpOMHOCTl1, TO OH on03Aa11 Ha u,e11blX TPH roAa. 28
OKTst6pst .1941 rOAa CTapwHH 11el1TeHaHT ynpeKHYil ce6si B
no11eeol1 KHH>KKe.
nepeeo:H<y: He noxeamtCb ycneXOM, 3axMenee,

Tbr nbBOM He cTaHeWb, 3apbt4ae, KaK nee,
B KYCTbl, KaK 3asrL1, OT epara He npsr4bcsr,
Myp.pel:t He cTaHewb, p.ypaKoe npe3pee.
3ro crapwHH 11ei1TeHaHT ynpeKaJl ce6si B HeCKpOMHOCTH,

npeAnHcae 6b1Tb CKpOMHblM B AaJlbHel1weM.
0AHH TOBap11w, 3AeCb roeop1111, 4TO 4aCTO nOBTOpsteTCSI
ccsi, st, st!» 3TO TaK>Ke HaMeK Ha HecKpOMHOCTb. CrapWHH
11el1reHaHT, KOrAa cran KOMaHAOBaTb nOJlKOM B AeKa6pe
1941 roAa, no11y411n or ce6si BTOpo11 ynpeK·: ccHe roeop11
<<3TO CAena11 SI»,- 3TO CAena1111 TblCS14H, He roeop11 «3TO
CAe11a11H Tb1Cst4H» - 3TO CAena1111 cMe11b1e, 3TO CAenan Ha-
POA. Ecn11 6b1 st He 6b1n 113 Tb1Cst4H, a cMe11b1e M3 HapoAa,
KTO 6b1 3TO cosepw11n?» ·
B4epa OAHH Toeap11w. B03MYW.ancsi H 6poc11n ynpeK
lieKy o «n03TH3HposaHHOM o6pa3e». Ho crapwMl1 neJ;'ire:.
HaHT HMen Hec4aCTbe ynpeKaTb CTHXaMH.
/J.o HeKOTOpOH CTaneHH npOH3BeAeHHe 6eKa Ka>KeTCSI
HeKOTOpblM npHMHTHBHblM ceoei1 npaBAHBOCTblO, H SI Aa>Ke
CJlblliJan TaKHe pa3rOBOpb1, 4TO 3TO CJlHWKOM 'npHMHTHBHO •.
t71
Xopowo, nyeTb 6yAeT np11M11T11BHO. Ho Mbl He HM,eeM
npaBa nraTb, 1160 e TeMOH Mbl eBSl3aHbl KpOBblO. npaBAa
OKpeeT1111a Hae TeMOH BOHHbl. npaBAa eOeA11Hl111a Hae,
npaBAa 611aroe110B1111a Hae, npaBAa 60>1<eeTBeHHa All.SI Hae.
0Ha Tpe6yeT >KepTB 11 npeK/lOHeH11SI. npaBAa - TO/lKOBa-
Tellb 11eT11Hbl. Mb1 npeK110HsieMeS1 nepeA npaBAOH. Ha none
6oSi Mbl epa>1<a1111eb 3a npaBAY1 >Kl1nl1 11 yM11pa1111. 4TO eTOl1T
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nepeA >1<epTBaM11 Ha cppoHTe? Ill AneKeaHAP Anb¢peAOBl14
eoBepweHHO npaB, MHe Ka>KeTesi, KOrAa OH HapywaeT ee
paA11 Toro, 4T06b1 He noeTpaAana HaCTosiw,aS1 npaBAa. Ho
een11 eeTb HY>KAa B HenpaBAe, TO HaHAYTeSI nlOA11, KOTOpble
Han11wyT ee, 11 no3TOMY ynpeKaTb ero B 3TOM, nO-MOeMy,
He eneAyeT. npaBAa - eeK11pa, KOTOpaSI ronoBy py611T, 3TO
eeK11pa 11)1(11. Ill BOT, 11eXOAS1 113 3Toro, 6eKOM 6bl/10 eKa3aHO:
XYAO>KHl1K, HaeTOSIW,11H eoBeTeK11H n11eaTe11b, noBeeTb eoBeT-
eKaSI, eoBeTeK11H 411TaTe11b HY>KAa10TeS1 B npaBAe. Ill BOT -
noAeTaBb ·pyKy - 0Tpy6.hl0. 3TO He B ¢113114eeKOM eMblene,
11 MHe 04eHb >t<anb, 4TO WK110BeK11H TaK Y3KO :no noH11MaeT.
He SI OTpy61110, 11eTop11si OTpy611T TOMy, KTO 6yAeT nraTb.
Jl11repaTypa 0Tpy611T eMy ro110By, a He pyKy. BoT B KaKOM
eMb1c11e HaAo noH11Marb 3TOT K1111HOK 11 pyKy. Een11 OH
noAeraB11n PYKY 11 eKa3an: «Py611Tel» - no eMenoeTb aB-
Topa. Ee1111 6bl OH He eKa3an. 3TOro, SI He eTa/1 6bl e Hl1M
pa6oTaTb. A WK110BeK11H r0Bop11r: «4To 3a 113AeBaTenb-
eTBO» - eTapw11H neHTeHaHT BblHHMaeT KllHHOK, nOAeTaB-
nSleT PYKY 11 r0Bop11r: «Py61-1re».
8b1 .x0Te111-1 noeMel'!Tbcsi HaA oeKoM, a noeMes1111-1eb eaMH
HaA eo6oH. no4eMy AneKCaHAP Anb¢peAOBH4 He paew1-1¢-
p0Ba11 3TOro, l'I He 3Hal0, SI Hl1KOrAa. He BMeWHBa11eS1 B ero
n11TeparypHb1e np11eMb1.
B u,eHTpe BH11MaHHS1 eerOAHSIWHero 06ey>1<AeH11S1 eTOHT
o6pa3 eoBeTeKoro 0¢11u.epa. HaA 3THM o6pa30M eeroAHSI
AYMatOT Bee .TBOp4eeKHe pa6oTHHKH, AYMatOT. eonAaTbl,
AYMatOT 11 eaMH 0¢11u.epb1. B 3TOM · Bonpoee none 60S1
0Te4eeTBeHHOH BOHHbl SIBl1110eb AllSI MHOrHX 113 Hae eepb-
e3HOH wKonoH. BoHHa 01<a3a11a HaM yenyry 3epKa11a no-
3HaH11S1 eaM11x ee6si 11 APYrHX. BoHHa S1B11naeb 11a6opaTop11eH
o6pa3a Ha npaKTl14eeK11X 11enblTaHl1SIX, npoBepKOH ee6si 11
APYrHX Ha n114HOM onb1Te. Mb1 np0Be1111 eOTHl1 ::>Kenep11:-
MeHTOB HaA eo6oH 11 HaA APYrHMl1 Ha. none .6osi Ansi. Toro,
4T06bl nOHSITb o6pa3 eoBeTeKl1X lllOAeH, TO eeTb nOHSITb
eaM11x ee6si, ye11A411BO np1:1y4aS1. ee6S1 npe>KAe Beero K
eaMoaHa11113y, K _ci'IMOn03HaHHIO.
172
TaK KaK KOMaHP,~p · npe>+<Ae ecero npeAcrae1-1re11b rocy.::.
AapcTBa, · iiapo;o.a, M03r eoi1CK, opraHH3arop 6osi, reopeU.
no6eAbl, 4eHrpa11bHblM CTOJln B apMHH, BOKpyr KOroporo
ece KPY>+<Hrcsi, KaK nnaHerbr eoKpyr co11H4a, 4enoeeK reop.,.
4ecKoro yMa H Aei1cre1-1si,- ero o6pa3 MHororpaHeH, c110-
>1<eH, KaK rOH4aMWHH MexaHH3M. no3rOMY B JlHreparype OH,
coeercKHH 0¢1-14ep, AOn>KeH 6brrb noKa3aH npe>t<Ae ecero
HHre1111eKrya11bHblM repoeM, a He repoeM nepeA Cawei1
H Mawei1. Jlt06oeHasi 1-1crop1-1si He Aenaer ero o6pa3 o6beM-
HblM. Hae 4acro ynpeKalOr, no4eMy Her 11t06oeHoi1 1-icropHH.
Mo>t<er 6b1rb, yMecrHo ee eK11104arb, HO yAapsirbCSI e 3ro
HeJ1b3SI. Mbl He MO>KeM CKa3arb, 4rO Ha cerOAHSI HaM
YAallOCb pa3pewHrb 3ror eonpoc, KaK H He MO>KeM CKa3arb,
4rO ece MHeHHSI, ece nonblrKH o6beAHHeHbl B eAHHOe
pycno, Hai1AeH OAHH B3r11SIA. Her, Ha cerOAHSIWHHM AeHb OH
He HaMAeH. 06pa3 coeercKoro ocp1-14epa, ero o6beMHOCrb,
ero nOJlHOra npOAOil>KalOr ocraearbCSI H Ha cerOAHSIWHHM
AeHb orKpblTOM npo611eMOM.
51 - OAHH H3 3an1-1cb1ea10w,1-1x cppoHTOBHKoe. Ha cppoHre
cyw,ecreyer pa3p03HeHHasi rpynna, raK Ha3bleaeMblX, cppoH-
roeHKOB, Koropb1e He· HMelOr e KapMaHe 61-111era Cot03a
n1-1care11ei1. 51 AYMalO, 4ro 3ro 4e11asi apMHSI Hoeoro n0Ko-
11eii1-1si nHcarenei1. 0HH cei14aC He enaAelOr HCKyccrBOM
HaHH3blBaHHSI KOH40M cranbHOro nepa XYAO>KecreeHHblM
CJ10BOM co6b1rHM. l<o>KaHblM Sl3blKOM BOHHa OHH nHwyr to,
4ro BHAenH, 4eMy 6b1111-1 CBHAerensiMH. HeKoropb1JiC H3 HHX
y611ea10T, HeKoropblX Kane4aT, HeKOTOpble npOAOJ1>KalOr
>KMrb. 0AHH H3 MOHX roeap1-1w,e·11, 3anHCblBalOW,HX cf>poHrO-
BHKOB, fepoi1 CoeercKoro Cot03a fa6Ay1111HH, np1-1cyrcrey-
IOW,HM 3AeCb. OH 1-1cn1-1ca11 OKono 10 06w,1-1x rerpaAeH.
l<orAa KOH4Hrcsi eoi1Ha, Ha4Hercsi eoi1Ha Ha 111-ireparypHoM
cppoHre, cei14ac ee raM Her. To, 4ro Bbl C4Hra111-1 eoi1Hoi1,-
3ro ManeHbKHe crbl4KH. Mo>+<er 6b1rb, 3ro 6yAer 4epe3 nsirb
ner, 4epe3 Aecsirb - 3roro si He 3Hal0. Ho 3Hal0, 4ro nocne
BOMHbl noSiesircsi HOBble 11IOAH, HOBble n1-1care11H. 51 H MOH
roeapH~H, KOrOpb1e npeAOCraensilOr CBOH 3anHCH B pacno-
pS1>1<eHHe roeap1-1~ei1, eb1cryna10T nepeA eaMH,- Mbl pa3-

eeA4HKH 3roi1 apMHH. HaM npHKa3aHo eecrH pa3eeAKY
6oeM, a He Ha6moAeHHeM, He CHAeHHeM B 3aCaAe... .
Mo>t<et 6b1Tb, 3ro cnHWKOM HaxanbHO, HO pa3BeA4HKaM
npow,aercSI HaxanbCrf!O.
0 4eM Mbl n1-1weM? Mbl AYMaeM o ce6e, o coeercKOM
ocp1-14epe, o coeercKOM 4e11oeeKe, o eoi1He. He 04el-ib
173
'YAa4Ho, HO see-:TaKH nHweM, see-TaKH AYMaeM •. Mb1 nHweM
Me>KAY 60SIMH, nOA AHKTOSKY nyweK, nOA AHKTOBKY eoeH-
HOro 6b1Ta H eny>1<6b1 o pe3ynbTaTax nH4Horo onb1Ta,
nH4HblX Ha6nt0AeHHH. CTapaeMeSI o6o6w,HTb H eAenaTb
·SblBOAbl H3 nposeAeHHblX 6oes, cppoHTOsoro 6b1Ta H
eny>1<6b1.
JlH4HblH .onb1T, KOHe4HO, senHKOe Aeno. OH oeTasnS1eT
rny6oKHe H3SHnHHbl s M03ry nepe>KHSWero, HO see >Ke OH
·oeTaeTeSI y3KHM onblTOM, He seeo6oeMnt0w,HM, He. seeeTo-
pOHHHM H He 6e3yKopH3HeHHblM. YTsep>KAaTb, 4TO HaMH
nHWeTeSI HnH MHOIO, s 4aeTHOeTH, 3anHeaHO see npasHnbHO,
6b1no 6bl, KOHe4HO, >KeeTOKOH nepeou,eHKOH 4enose4eeKHX
enoeo6HoeTei1. EenH MHe no3son11Te, SI npo4TY saM HeKo-
TOpb1e OTpblBKH 113 esoei1 nonesoi1 KH11>KKl1 AnSI Toro, 4T06bl
nposep11Tb ee6S1 nepeA APY3bSIMl1, H 4T06b1 soenonb3osaTb-
eS1 sawei1 nOMOW.blO, pa3o6paTbeSI s HeT11He npae11nbHOrO
TOnKOBaHHSI, He npeTeHAYSI Ha noy4eH11e, a s nopSIAKe
o6MeHa MHeHHSIMH.
SI He HaMepeH 4HTaTb KaKoe-To XYAO.>KeeTseHHo.e npo-
H3seAeH11e, a HaMepeH. rosop11Tb no eyw.eeTsy TeMbl. 84epa
·AOKnaA411K s3Sln o6pa3 ocp11u,epa eosepweHHO e 0Tpb1ee.
HeAasHo SI HMen 6eeeAy e OAHHM Ka3axoM-nHeaTeneM,
-KOTOpblH eo611paeTeS1 Han11eaTb poMaH nOA Ha3SaHHeM «Ko-
M11eeap». SI. 3aAan eMy TaKHe sonpoeb1:
Bb1 3HaeTe, 4TO TaKoe soi1Ha?
He 3Hat0.
Bbl 3HaeTe, 4TO TaKoe 6011?
He 3Hal0.
Bbl 3HaeTe, 4TO TaKoe eonAaT, KOMaHAHp?
He 3Hat0.
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B esS1311 e o6pa3oM ocp11u,epa He HaAO ynyeKaTb 113 SHAa
Te sonpoebl, 6e3 KOTOpblX ocp11u,ep He MO>KeT 6b1Tb ocp11-
u,epoM, 6e3 KOTOpblX OH He MO>KeT >Kl1Tb H eMy He4ero
Ha3b1saTbeS1 ocp1o1u,epoM. 3To - 4yseTso . AOnra. Mb1 MHOro
·roeopHM o AOnre, y. Ka>KAOro esoe noHS1T11e o HeM.
A Tenepb SI OTBe4y Aai1peA>K11eey. SI ne40pHHa 411Tan
neT 12 TOMY Ha3aA, Kor.p,a 04eHb nnoxo enaAen pyeeK11M
Sl3b1KOM. HaeKOnbKO MHe nOMHl1TeSI, ne40pMH 3TO TanaHT-
n11SblH HeyAa4HHK,. KOTOpblH OTropa>1<11sancS1 OT roeyAap-
eTBa. npH 4eM .. TYT ne40p11H? SI. eTapwero neHTeHaHTa
M0Mb1w-ynb1 He C411Tat0 He.yAa4.Hl1KOM 1·He e4HTa10 3aMKHye-
•Wl1M~SI :e ee6e ·o.T· roeyAapeTBa, si C4HTato ero.· npeAeTas11-
174
teneM roC:yAapcTBa. 51 He C4HTato ero HeyAaYHHKOM·nep·eA
HapoAOM M rocyAapctBOM, nepeA ero conAataMH. HaK0He4,
nepeA HeM4aMH, TaK KaK OH nposen HeCKOJlbKO yAa4HblX
6oes. no3TOMY COnOCTaBlleHHe C ne40pHHblM HeaepHO.
ne40p11HCKOe BpeMSI . K TOMY >Ke 6blJIO OAHO, a y. HaC
Apyroe.
Tosap11w. ,lJ,aHpeA>KHes rosop11T o 6ecYenose4HOCTH B
OTHOWeHHH 60 6erne40B. >Kanb, 4TO TOrAa He 6blJIO ,lJ,aH-
peA>KHesa, 4T06bl npoKOHCYllbT11pOBaTbCSI, KaK c HHMH. no-
cTynHTb. Ho SI paA H C4aCTJIHB, 4TO ,lJ,aHpeA>KHeB He 6blll
TOrAa y MeHSI KOMHCcapoM, OH 6bl 3TOrO He n03BOJIHJI.
51 rOBOpHll 0 >KeCTOKOCTH H He06XOAHMOCTH, H 3TOT CJly4aH
4aCTH4HO SIBJISleTCSI ow116KOH CTapwero neHTeHaHTa, HO
4aCTH4HO 3TO 6b1Jla He06XOAHMOCTb. 51· TOJlbKO OT4aCTH
cornaceH,. YTO 3TO 6b1J1a ow116Ka cTapwero neHTeHaHTa. Ho
c1apw11H neHTeHaHT He OTCTyn11n, a nosen 11x B 6oH,
11cnb1TaJ1 11x 11 caMoro ce6S1. ·
3a AeCSITb AHeH 6oes Mbl, KOHe4HO, He MO>KeM CYAHTb
ctapwero neHTeHaHta B nonHoM o6beMe.
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HOCTbto no HaWHM B03MO>KHOCTSIM pa38epHyT o6pa3 co-
BeTCKHX BOHHOB, COBeTCKHX JltoAeH. HaAetoCb 6e3 BCSIKHX
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6b1n11 Ha caMOM Aene s n11 AHH 6oes noA MocKBOH.
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3a MocKey, APY>K6a, 6paTCTBO H cosetcKHH naTpHOTH3M.
MHoroe HaMH ew,e He CKa3aHo, MHoroe ew,e snepeAH. Bot
noYeMy SI C4HTato cerOAHSIWHee 06cy>1<AeH11e npe>KAeBpe-
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SI HMeto HenocpeACTBeHHOe OTHOWeHHe.
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nopxaTb Ha KpblllbSIX BblCKa3aHHOH 3AeCb HeKOTOpblMH TO-
sapHW,aMH AaneKo He 3acny>1<eHHOH, Herny6oKOH xeanbl.
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nnaHe 6onbworo XYAO>KeCTBeHHoro nonOTHa (nosecTb-po-
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175
4TO OHH 11y4we 3TOro He·4HTa11H, 4TO He Aaer npaea Ha3BaTb
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6oio, o6pa3 coeercKoro ocp1-1u,epa eo eceH ero rny61-1He
H 3Ha4HMOCTb 3TOH TeMbl.
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He MO>+<eT 6b1Tb.
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DPHXOAMT CAMAU
0 -148
cnoeo, 30BY~EE e sow
KorAa Ha Hawy cTpaHy, CTposiw,yJO Hoeoe co411am1Cn1-

4ecKoe o6w,eCTBO, eepOilOMHO Hana11a <tJaWHCTCKaSI repMa-
Hl1SI, eecb Haw MHOrOHa4110HallbHbli1 coeeTCKl1H HapOA nOA-
HSIJlCSI Ha Be1111Ky1-0 0Te4eCTBeHHYIO eoi1Hy.
reHepa11 V1eaH Bac1111beBl14 naH¢11110~ 6b1Jl Ha3Ha4eH
KOMaHA11POM 316-H CTpe11KOBOH A11Bl131111, cpopM11posae-
we.:1csi e OKpecTHOCTSIX ropoAa A11Ma-ATb1 113 Cb!HOB Ka-
3axcTaHa 11 K11pr1131111, TaK11x me npocTblX pa60411x, c11y>1<a-
w,11x, KOJ1X03Hl1KOB, r<aK 11 Bbl, B 60JlbWl1HCTBe He 6b16Wl1X
Ha BOeHHOH c11y>1<6e 111-0AeH.
- Hawa A11Bl1311SI 6yAeT epoAe ono114eH4ecKoH. 0Ha
cpopM11pyeTcsi ceepx nnaHa, - roeop1111 TOrAa reHepa11
naH<tJ11IlOB.
- Ha .HoeeHbKoe pacc411TbleaTb He4ero 11 Tpe6oeaTb He
CTaHeM.
KaK 11cr11t-1HblH eoe1-1aYa11b1-111K, eb1coK0Ky11bTYPHblH Ko-
MaHAHp, reHepa11 llteaH Bac1111bee114 na1-1cp1111oe c nepeoro
>Ke AHSI cpopM11poeaH11S1 A11Bl131111" BHeApS111 B 4aCTSIX 11
noApa3AeneHl1SIX opraHl130BaHHOCTb, B011HCKl1H nopSIAOK,
>1<e11e31-1y1-0 A11c411n11111-1y 11 6oeey1-0 BblY4Ky. Bocn11Tb1ea11 e
Jllll4HOM COCTaee COeA11HeHl1SI nepeAOBble 6oeBble Ka4eCTBa,
MOpanbHYl-0 11 6oeeyl-O CTOHKOCTb, 4e11eycTpeM11eHHOCTb 11
ynopcTBO B pa6oTe, B y4e6e 11 B BOeHHOM 6b1Ty. ,D,an
no11HblH pa3eopoT yMCTBeHHblM 11 cp113114ecK11M cnoco6Ho-
cTS1M CB011M 11 nOABilaCTHOMY eMy Ha4aJlbCTBYIOW,eMy co-
CTaey, opraHl13YSI pa6oTy 11 y4e6y Ha KOHKpeTHO peallbHblX
pacYeTax 11 n11aHax, .HY>KHblX AI1S1 6oeBblX AeHCTBl1H.
B KpaTYai1w11.:1 cpoK re1-1epa11 A061111csi no11HOH 6oero-
• Te·;HCbl. AOKJlaAa Ha TOp~eCTBeHHOM co6paHHH; noc.BllLLleHHOM

BTOpOH rOAOBLl.IHHe 8-H reapAeHCKOH CTpe11KOBOH AHBH3HH. 25:67.43; .
178
1111rn uc 11-1 11 6oec noco6Hocn1 eeepeHHOH A1-1e1131111 11 no
111.11-111n1y CraeK11 BepxoeHoro f11aeHOKOMaHAOBaH11S1 ornpa-
101111 II llll cppOHT, .
B np11cpp0Hroeoi1 no11oce, e APeMy411x 11ecaic, BSl3KHX,
11011p1>1Tb1X MXOM 6011orax, B no6epe>KbSIX MeJlKl1X MHOro-
•11-1u1eHHblX 03ep, Ha 6epery >1<e11roeOAHOi1 peK11 Mera,
1ti11opn11 ew,e 3Hepr114Hee 11 n11orHee 3aHsi11csi npaKr114e-
<1<11M o6y4eH11eM BOHCK K eeAeHl1IO 6osi B yc110Bl1SIX 11ec11-
c: I0-60J10Tl1CTOH MeCTHOCTl1.
- Mb1, IO>KaHe,- crenHoi1 HapoA,- roeop1111 reHe-
pan.- HaM HY>KHO KaK MO>t<HO, 6b1crpee Hay411TbCS1 He
fO/lbKO XOA11Tb, HO "1 eoeeaTb B 11ecy, B 6011ore. BpeMeHl1
MallOBaTO, TOpOnl1TbCSI HaAO, np11BblKaTb 11 ocea11eaTb.
OH 04eHb 4acro noc~w,a11 noApa3AeneH11si, np11cyrcreo-
aa11 Ha y4eH11six, npoeepsi11, y41111, Ha Mecre . nonpae11si11,
ABBasi coeeTbl 11 yKa3aH11S1 KOMaHA14paM. Op11eHr11poea11 · e
o6craHOBKe, BBOAl111 Ei Kypc co6blTl1H, y6eA11TeJlbHO pa3b-
SICH Slll, no4eMy HY>KHO Aenarb raK, a He 11Ha4e 11, KaK
npae11110, e KOHU,e cnpaw11ea11, np11cra11bHO r11SiAS1 ceo11M11
6011bWl1Ml1 4epHblM"1 r11a3aM11:
- Bb1 MeHsi n0Hsi1111?
feHepa11 6b111 crpor11M, cnpaeeAlli.tBblM, pac4er1111eb1M
KOMaHA11POM, AllSI Hero peaJlbHOCTb 6b111a npe>KAe ecero.
BMecre c reM OH 6b111 npoCTblM 11 n11aMeHHblM nponaraH-
A11CTOM, r11awaraeM B03Bb1WeHHOi1 u,e.111, 611aropOAHei:1wei1
3aAa4i-t Ore4ecreeHHoi1 eoi1Hbl, OH eocn11rb1ea11 y 6oi1u,oe
nepeAOBble 6oeeb1e Ka4ecrea, croi1KOCTb 11 eHeApS111 eepy
e Hawy no6eAY· 6oi1u,b1 ero xopo·wo noH11Ma1111: OH -KaK 6b1
re03AeM e611ea11 Ka>KAOe CllOBO B CO/lAaTCKOe C03HaH11e
11, KaK 11CT"1HHblH. nOJlKOBOAeu., xopowo 3Hall 11 nOH11Man
60.:\L~OB. naHcp11110B .r'oeop1111 npOCTO 11 npaBA11BO, He KOp-
Ml1Jl 60.:tu,oe CllaAK11Ml1 o6ew,aHl1SIMl1.
0AHa>KAbl "1eaH Bac1111bee114 nocer1111 MOH 6a'ra11bOH.
Mopoc1111 AO>KAb, 6b11111 nepe6011 c nOAB030M npOAOBOllb-
cre11 si; pa6ora.ry11 11 3aH11Ma1111cb MHoro. OcraHoe11ew11cb y
AHeea11bHoro, np11eercreoeaewero ero no-ecppei:1ropcK11 Ha ·
Kapay11, cnpoc1111 eo11Ha:
- KaK >1<11eewb, co11Aar? - 3aMer11e 0611AHOe cMyw,e-
HHe AHeeanbHOro. Ha CllOBO «COJ1AaT»; TYT >Ke A06ae1111: -
Co11AaT ....:.... ee1111Koe c11oeo, Mbl ece co11AaTbl. Hy, paccKa>1<11,
KaK >1<11eewb?
- _Xopowo, roeap11w, reHepan,- oreer1111 .6oi1Ko AHe-
aanbHblH. ·.
t79
- KaK >101syT? - 06pan111csi reHepa11 KO MHe.
- nnoxo, TOBapHW. reHepa11 .... - OH He Aall MHe AOro-
BOpHTb, CKa3a11, o6paw.asicb K AHeBallbHOMy:
npaeHllbHO saw KOMaHAHP rosopHT, n11oxo >KHBell(\,
pa3se so epeMsi BOHHbl xopowo >KHByT?
- Xopowo >KHBeM, TosapHW. reHepa11,- HaCTa1-1sa11
AHeBallbHblH.
HeT, n11oxo! - y6e>1<,[la11 reHepa11,- n11oxo >KHBeM.
Pa3se xopowo, KOrAa TpeTHH AeHb 6e3 co111-1? Pa3se xo-
powo, KOrAa eTopoH AeHb 6e3 Msica? Pa3Be xopowo, K.OrAa
B cyne Kpyna KpynHHKY .,L\OrOHSleT? Pa3se xopowo, KOrAa
u,enyt0 He,[lent0 MaxopKH HeT? Pa3se xopowo, KOrAa 60-
THHKH KaWH npOCSIT? ()J,HeBallbHblH 3aCMeS111CS1). nnoxo,
KOHe4HO, n11oxo,- npOAOll>Kall reHepa11,- Ha BOHHe, 6paT,
xopowero Mano, Ha TO H BOHHa. Ho xopowo To, 4TO Mbl
co11,[laTb1, H HawH npeAKH yMe111o1 nepeHecTH see TPYAHOCTH,
no6e>1<,[laS1 TSlrOTbl H . llHWeHHSI 6oeBOH >KH3HH, rpoMHllH
spara. 6opOTbCSI c XOllOAOM, ronO,[IOM, llHWeHHSIMH - :no
TO>Ke BOHHa, TO>Ke 6011, Tpe6yt0LU,HH He MeHbWe OTBarH,
40M B pyKonaWHOM 6ot0.
- BHHOeaT, Tosap1o1w. reHepa11, si npocTo He noAyMa11,-
cKa3an AHeeanbHblH.
~ )J,yMaTb Ha,[IO, C011AaT TO>Ke C YMOM AOll>KeH BOe-
eaTb,- CMeSICb; reHepan noxnonan AHesa11bHOro no nne4y.
Mb1 nown1o1· ,[lanbwe.
~ Tsi>Kena co11,[laTcKasi >KH3Hb,.:...... cKa3a11 reHepa11, o6pa-
Li.l,asicb KO MHe,- CllOB H0T, TSl>Kena, HY>KHO COll,[laTy ecer,[la
rosopHTb npaBAY, a ec111o1 OH speT, TO TYT->Ke HaAO ero no-
npaBHTb, OTKpblTb eMy rna3a ... Ew.e TPYAHOCTH snepeAH• ..
II
,D,a, TPYAHOCTH 6b111H snepe,[IH.

B nepBblX 4Hcnax OKTsi6psi 1941 roAa AHBH3HSI, BOHAJ'I
B COCTaB 16-H apMHH, 3aHsina o6opoHy Ha eeCbMa WHpOKOM
q>poHTe noA ropoAOM Bo110KonaMCKOM, Ha OAHOM H3 Ha-
lipaeneHHH, KYAa npoTHBHHK HaHOCHll OAHH H3 rnaBHblX
yAapoe, nb1Tasicb coMKHYTb Knew.i.t eoKpyr cep,[lu,a Hawel1
cTpaHi:.1 - MocKBb1, · npopsae 11HHHt0 Hawel1 o6opoHbl Ha
nHHHH BSl:,lbMa - P>KeB. . .
Ho 3TO 6b111a He no3HU,HOHHasi, a MaHeepeHHaSI o6opoHa,
OCHOBHOH . 3aAa4eH. KOTOpOH SIB11Sl110Cb nepeManblBaHH0 >KH-
BOK ·c1o111b1 H TeXHlilKH npoTHBHHKa Ha noAcTynax K MocKae.
180
316-n crpem<OBaSI AHBH3HSI nOA KOMaHAOBaHHeM reHe-
pa11.1 noH<lrnnoea npHHSIJla Ha ce6si BCIO TSl>KeCTb. YAapHOH
rpy11111..1 epara e 3TOM Hanpaenei-11111. COaw11crb1 Hanpsiran11
ece C:Hllbl, 4T06b1 npopearbcst K cron11u,e, HO ecer Aa ecrpe-
11111111 ynopH.oe conpor11eneH11e e co4eraHH11 c KOHTPYAapa-
MH naHclJHllOBU,eB, pa36HeaJlHCb, . KaK BOJlHbl 0 KaMeHHYIO
no1-1y, 0 CTOHKOCTb, peWHTeJlbHOCTb H orOHb Hawero 6oe-
eoro nopstAKa.
1-'lcKyCHblM MaHeBpOM 11 OrHeM A11BH3HSI He TOJlbKO
CA0P>KHBana HaTHCK epara, HO H HaHOCHJla eMy TSl>KeJlblH
ypoH B >KHBOH CHJle H TeXHHKe, 6opstcb OAHa npOTHB nstTH
AO 3y6oe eoopy>+<eHHblX c!Jaw11crcK11x Al1BH311H. .
B 3rnx HepaBHblX 6osix 316-si 11crpe611na 6onee 30 Tb1Cst4
epa>+<ecK11x conAaT 11 · oc!J11u,epoe 11 6cmee 150 raHKOB.
Jl114HblH cocrae e 3THX 6osix noKa3an o6pa3U,bl Maccoeoro
repoH3Ma.
,[l.ocraT04HO BCnOMHHTb nOABHr 6ec:cMepTHblX 28 repoee
c 50-IO 6pOHHpoeaHHblMH 4YAOBl1UJ,aMl1 B paHOHe >KeJle3-
HOAOPO>KHOro pa3be3Aa ·,LJ. y6oceKoeo.
B 3TOT >+<e AeHb 11 Ha Apyrnx y4acrKax 6oi:iu,b1 11
KOMaHA11Pbl npOSIBJlSIJlH MaCCOBblH repOH3M - 28-6blJlH 1-ie
eA11HH4HblM cny4aeM B Hawei:i Al1BH311H, KaK, Hanp11Mep, 17
6eccrpaWHblX e pai:ioHe AepeeHH Mb1KaHHHo, 11 cariepoe
een11 6011 e AepeeHe CrpoKoeo; 80 crpenKoe, oKpy>+<eHHblX
6araJlbOHOM epa>KeCKOH. neXOTbl 11 BOCeMblO TaHKaMl1 B
paHOHe BblCOTbl 231,5 CMeno KOHTparaKOBa/lH npoTHB.HHKa
11· T.A. 11 r.n. c!JaKTbl nposieneHi-ist Maccoeoro repo113Ma.
B TSl>Kellble AllSI Hae OKTst6pbCKHe H HOst6pbCKHe AHH
nOAMOCKOBHOH o6opOHbl HeMU,bl He 04eHb ee>KJlHBO OT3bl-
ea/1HCb o Aei:icre11six Hawe.::1 AHBH311H. Bcrpe4ast Hawe ynop-
HOe conpor11eneH11e 11 croHKOCTb or Py3bl AO craHU,HH
Kpt0Koeo Ha nporsi>+<eHHH ABYX c nonoeHHOH Mecsiu,ee
6ecnpepb1BHblX 6oee, OHl1 Ha3blBaJlH Hawy AHBl13HIO «AHKOH
Al1BH3HeH», rHeBHO npo113Hoc11n1-1: «On st Tb :na npoKn:stHlst
BOCbMast».
f>ecc1111bHb1l1 rHee epara, ero B03MyUJ,eH11e, Bbl3BaHHble
HaWHM AeHCTBl1eM, 6e3yc110BHO, SIB/lSllOTCSI xeanOH BOHH-
CKOH A06neCTH H orear11 HaWHX 6oi:1u,oe H KOMaHA11pOB,
Bb1peaHHOH 113 ycr epara.
3a 6oeBble nOABl-ffl1, opraHl130BaHHOCTb, >KeJle3HYIO B0-
11HCKYIO AHCU,11n11HHy, CTOHKOCTb H ynopcreo, npHMepHblH
6oeeo.::1 nopstAOK CraeKa BepxOBHOro rnaBHOKOMaHAOBaHHSI
KpacHOH ApMHH 17 Hosi6psi 1941 roAa npeo6pa3oeana
181
316-to <i:TpenKOBYIO A11Bl1311IO .B 8-to rsapAeHCKYIO CTpen-
KOBYIO Al1BM311IO.
npe311A11YM BepxOBHOro CoseTa Coto3a CCP HarpaA1111
A"1BH311IO 11 ee My>KeCTBeHHOfO KOMaHA11pa reHepan-MaHopa
naHCfll1110Ba OpAeHaM11 KpacHoro 3HaMeHl1. B ceM11AHeBHOM
cpa>t<eHl111 nOA CTaHU,11eH l<plOKOBO B 30 Kl1JlOMeTpax OT
MocKBbl Ha:wa A11Bl1311SI BMecTe c APYrHM11 4acTS1M11 CAep-
>1<11sa11a Han1cK HeMu,es 11, KpyTo noaopa411sasi 11cTop11t0,
OT6poc1111a Bpara Ha 3anaA, AO ..6eperoB nOAMOCKOBHOH
peK11 VlcTpbl. .
·1 a HOS16psi 1941 roAa nor116· 1-iapOAHblH repoH, 11ere1:1-
AapHblH KOMaHA11P A11Bl131111 reHepan-MaHop VlaaH Bac1111b-
ea114 naHcf>HJlOB.
Haw · HapoA 11 KpacHasi ApM11S1 n0Tepsi1111 OAHOro 113
.11Y4Wl1X nOJlKOBOAU,eB, a 60HU,bl 11 KOMaHA11pb1 AHBl131111 -
6oeaoro KOMaHA1-1pa 1-1 oTu,a. Be111-1Ka 6b111a Hawa cKop6b. Ho
Mbl B pyKax ew,e Kpen4e Aep>1<a1111 opy>1<11e, pS!Abl CMb1Ka-
1111cb ew,e nnoTHee, · c 4ecTb10 Bb1no11Hsi1111 6oesyto 3aAa4y,
11cTpe611sisi cpaw11cTcKyto raA1>1Hy. Bpar He npowen K POAHOH
MocKae, Hawen ce6e Mor1111y B nOAMOCKOBHOH 3eMne OT.
HaWJ.1X nynb, WTblKOB, rpaHaT, CHapSIAOB. .
OcHOBHble c1>111b1 apara, HacTynatow,11e Ha MocKay, 6b11111
pa3rpoM11eHbl 11 oT6poweHbl Ha aanaA . Ha coTHH
KHJlOMeTpoa.
BecTb o cnaBHblX 6oesb1x Aenax A"1Bl13"111 0611eTe11a ecto
cTpaHy. ,
B cpeapane 1942 roAa A11Bl1311SI noA KOMaHAOBaH11eM
reHepan-MaHopa 411cTS1Koea a cocTaee 2-ro reapAeikKoro
cTpenKoeoro Kopnyca npopb1saeT cppoHT e paHOHe to>t<Hee
03epa VlnbMeHb 11, AeHcTaysi a r11y60KOM Tb111y npoTHBH11Ka
Ha npOTSl>KeHl1H 230 K11JlOMeTpOB B yc110Bl1SIX cypoBOH 3HMbl
Ka1111H1-1HCKoj;i 11 JleH11HrpaACKOH 0611acTeH, c 4eCTbto Bb1-
no11HS110T nocTaBJleHHYIO KOMaHAOBaH11eM 3aAa4y: COeAl1HSl-
eT Cesepo-3anaAHblj;i 11 Ka1111H11HCK11H cppoHTbl, ocraansisi
,lJ.eMbSIHCKyto. rpynn11poBKY npOTl1BH11.Ka B OKpy>t<eHHl1.
B 3Tl1X 6osix A11Bl13MSI YHl14To>1<1111a CBb1we 10 TblC5i4
apa>1<ecK11x conAaT 11 ocp11u,epos, 3axsaT1111a 1-1 YHH4T0>1<1>111a
6011ee 20 . TaHKOB, CBblWe 10 TblCSl4 aBTOMaWHH, MHOrO
opyAHH 11 6oenp11nacos; OT 11ra HeMeU,K11X 3aXBaT411KOB
6bl1111 oceo6o>t<AeHbl AeCSITKH HaceneHHblX nyHKTOB, COTHH
TblCSl4 rpa>t<AaH CoeeTCKoj;i crpaHbl.
3a 06pa3u,oaoe eb1no11HeH11e nocTaaneHHOH aa·Aa4H . e
3HMHtoto Ka~naH1110 1942 roAa Haw.a. ,q11e11311si YAocraHea-
erc SI BblCOKOH HarpaAbl - OpAeHa JleHHHa.
182
III
1'>/1073/ reapAei1cKHi1 cTpenKOBblH nonK c caMoro Ha-
11n11n ~>OpMHpoeaHHSI A11BH3HH eowen B Hee KaK rOJlOBHOH
1111111<. 6b111 OH ccpopM11poeaH e · Ka3a4bel1 cTaH1-1u,e Tanrap
A 11M11-A rnHCKOH 0611acrn 15 Htonsi 1941 roAa.
31 HIOJlSI 1941 roAa eecb J1H4HblH COCTaB nonKa npHHSIJl
1wci11Hyto np1-1csiry 11 eowen e cnaeHyto ceMblO KpacHoi1
ApM1-111, KaK 6oeea51 TaKTl14ecKasi eAHH11u,a.
3a KOpOTKqe epeMSI Ha MeCTe cpopMHpoeaHHSI. eecb
nH•IHblH COCTaB npowen 6oeeyio BblY4KY H 6b.IJ1 CKOJ104eH
1co1< 6oecnoco6Hasi 4acTb.
3a opraH113oeaHHOCTb, nopsiAOK 11 xopowyio. y4e6y,
AOCHffHYTble B pe3y11bTaTe A06pocoeeCTHOH pa60Tbl HaA
co6oi1 ecero 11114Horo cocTaea reHepan naHcp1-111oe Ha3ean
Haw nonK Ta11rapcK11M. C 3Tl1 11MeHeM nonK ecTyn1-111 e 6oi1
c OKKynaHTaMH.
noAp06HO paccKa3aTb 0 6oeBblX Aenax nonKa, 0
nOAB11rax' CJlaBHblX .repoee 3a OA11H 4aC HeB03MO>KHO, He-
B03MO>KHO 3TO CAenaTb 11 3a HeAeJllO. ~ OCTaHOBJllOCb 04eHb
KpaTKO TOJlbKO J111Wb Ha HeCKOJlbKHX OCHOBHblX 6oeBblX
Aei1cTe1-1six no11Ka.
B nepeb1x 411c11ax ceHTsi6psi 1941 roAa Haw nonK 3aHH-
M'aeT nepBblH py6e>K o6opOHbl Ha eecbMa WHpOKOM cppoH-
Te Ba;1c0Koeo - Hoe11Koeo - TaTap11HK11 - Ko311o·eo Aanee
Ha tor no eocT04HOMY 6epery pe4KH Py3a - Ci.myHoeo. Ao
18 OKTS16pS1 J1114HblH COCTaB nonKa 3aHl1MaeTCSI ycoeepweH-
CTBOBaHHeM. 11 yKpen11eH11eM o6opOHl1TeJ1bHOro py6e>Ka Ha
3TOM cppoHTe.
B n11 >Ke AH11 pa3BeAb1BaTeJ1bHblH OTPSIA 1-ro cTpenKo-
eoro 6aTaJ1bOHa Hawero noiiKa noA KOMaHAOBaH11eM 11ei1-
TeHaHTa Pax11Moea 11 MJlaAwero no1111TpyKa >KanMyxaMeAa
6o3>KaHOBa coeepw1111 CMeJlblH H04HOH HaneT Ha KpynHblH
HaceneHHblH nyHKT CepeAa, 3aHSITbli1 npoTl1BHHKOM, rAe
YHl14TO>KaeT AO con111 epa>KeCKHX conAaT 11 ocp11u.epoe, 15
aeTOMaWl1H, .B3pb1BaeT MOCT AOpon1, 11AYL1.lei1 Ha ceeep B
WaxoecKyto, M11H11pyeT Aopory, 11,D,yw,yto Ha Aop-MaKc11-
MOeo, 3axeaTb1eaeT e nneH YHTep-ocp11u,epa, Tpocpe11 H
u,eHHble AOKyMeHTbl.
BbinOnHHB nocTasneHHyto 3aAa4y, ·oTpsiA so3spaw.aeTcsi
Ha py6e>K o6opOHbl, 3To 6b1110 nepsbtM 6oes1>1M Kpew.e-
HHeM s 11cTop111o1 Hawero nonKa, rAe snepsb1e Haµ.tH 6ol1u,bl
183
B"1AeJH1 6eryw,11x nepeA H"1M"1 HeM4es, CflblWa1111, KaK ·OH"1
son111111. E>oH4b1, 11cnpo6osas 11x WKYPY nyneH 11 WTblKOM,
y6eA"111"1Cb, 4TO cpaw11cTbl He ApaKOHbl, a TaK11e me 11IOAM,
KaK "1 Mbl.
3TOT Ma11eHbK"1H nepBblH 6oH "1Men 6onbWOe 3Ha4eH11e
B AallbHeHWHX 6oeBblX AeHCTBHSIX Hawero no11Ka, KaK rlia-
on Ka3aXCKaSI HapOAHaSI norosOpKa: «Bpar CTpaweH AO
nepsoH scTpe411, noKa He Hcnpo6yewb BKyc ero · Kpos11».
E>aTallbOH KanMTaHa Jlb1ceHKO sen TpeXAHeBHble 6oM s
0Kpy>+<eH"1"1 nOllKOM HeMel..\KOH nexOTbl c 60 TaHKaM"1 ..
21 OKTS16psi 1941 roAa 9 CTpe11Kosasi poTa so rnase c
11eHTel·taHTOM fap11nOBblM CMellO KOHTpaTa1<0Ba11a TaHKO-
BYIO KOllOHHY spara npoT11soTaHKOBblM"1 rpaHaTaMM. B pe-
3y11bTaTe :noro HepasHoro 6osi npoT"1B 60 6poH11poeaHHblX
4YAOB"1U4 poTa BblBena "13 CTpOSI 20 Bpa>+<eCK"1X MaWMH.
JleHTeHaHT fapMnOB nor116 CMepTblO xpa6pb1X.
BcneACTsMe :noro_ 6osi, HeML\bl BblHY>+<AeHbl 6b11111 3a-
Aep>+<aTbCSI e paHoHe Oc1aweso Ha ABOe cyTOK. B 3TOT >Ke
AeHb 6oesoe oxpaHeHMe 1-ro cTpe11Kosoro 6a1a11b0Ha e
COCTase OAHOro OTAeneHMSI B AepesHe >K11Taxa,-KycaKMHO
se110 Tpex4acosoi:t 6oi:t npo111e ABYX asaHrapAHblX 6a1anb•
OHOB spara, BblHYAM110 MX npe>KAeBpeMeHHO pa3eepHyTbCSI
M eecTM Hac1yn11eHMe snyc1yt0 AaneKo 3a· nepeAHMM
KpaeM Hawei:t o6opOHbl. · Jlei:tTeHaHT AoHCKMX, no11y411e
9 paHeHMH, cTapwMH cep>+<aHT BonKoe · 7 paHeH11H, He
yxoASIT c · no11si '6osi, · npoA011>1<at0T ynpaensiTb orHeM
cso11x rpynn. l;1 ·flMWb nocne nonyYeHMSI npMKa3a · OHM
OTXOASIT Ha py6e>K. . -
22 OKTsi6psi 1941 roAa noc11e B.OCbMM Yacoe apTno.qro-
TOBKM npoTMBHMKY cM11ot0 ABYX nexoTHblX nonKOB yAaeTCJI
npopsaTb n"1H"1IO Hawei:t o6opOHbl e pai:toHe KpacHaJI Topa,
pa3BMeasi ycnex e HanpasneHM"1 JlyKbSIHOBO - HoeowypH-
HO ~- HosnsiHCKoe· 11 c· t0ro-eocT0Ka cena Oc1aweso Ha
BaCMllbeso, OCTaBllSISI 1-i:t CTpenKOBblH 6aTa11bOH B OKpy>Ke-
. H"1"1, OTpe3aB nyTM nOAB03a 2-MY CTpenKOBOMY 6aTanboHy.
0AHOspeMeHHO AO · no11Ka · nexOTbl · c Tal-fKaMM npopb1sat0T
1111HMIO o6opoHbl 3-ro c1pe11Kosoro 6a1anb0Ha e pai:toHe
E>yxnoso M pa3BMeat01 ycnex e HanpaeneHM"1 E>enM - WM-
.6aHoeo. ·
24 OKu6pJ1 1941 l"OA'a. ··1-i:t CTpenKOBblH 6a1anbOH. B
pai:tot-te OTMeTKM 220;2-2·1·8;4-':-"'1saHOBCKOe CHOBa nonaAa-
eT ··e oKpy>t<eHHe~ .Ha~-pacceeTe ·25 oKu6psi OH· npopb1eae1
ef>a>Keci<oe 1fonbllj0 ·. H. Ha .'cneA)'tOU4M•H• "AeHb 1npH~1>1eae1f ,9
"184
ll"fl""'-tto BoaM11u,e B cocTaBe 690 4enoBeK, 18 apTynpsi-
111a11, 30 noB030K.
BOAS! ynopHbte 6011 Ha npoMe>KyT04HblX py6e>t<ax, nonK
.1n1t11MaeT o6opoHy Ha py6e>t<e Mb1KaH11Ho - .s!ApOBO-:-
BoJbMbtwa.
lllMesi 6onbw11e n0Tep11 B 6osix AO BonoKonaMcKa, npo-
111BHl1K 6b1n BblHY>KAeH TO>Ke 3aHSlTb o6opoHy AllSl nepe-
rpynn11pOBKl1 11 nOATS1r11BaHl1Sl CBe>Kl1X c11n.
CKOHU,eHTp11poBaB CBe>K11e c11nbl, 16 HOS16psi 1941 roAa
npoT11BH11K nepewen B HacTynneH11e. 17 Hosi6psi, npopeaB
cppoHT Ha y4acTKe neBoro coceAa, Bbtwen B Tbtn 2-H 11 3-H
CTpenKOBblM 6aTanbOHaM, paaB11Basi ycnex B HanpaBneH1111
51ApOBO - Po>t<AeCTBeHo, TeM caMblM ocTaBnsisi 2-H CTpen-
KOBblH 6aTanbOH B nonyoKpy>t<eH1111.
17 Hosi6psi 1941 roAa siBnsieTcsi AHeM Ha116onee sipK_oro
nposiBneH11S1 B non1<y MaccoBoro repol13Ma. 17. 6eccTpaw-
Hbtx BO. rnaBe c neHTeHaHTOM YrptoMOBblM 11 non11Tpy1<0M
reoprneBblM B paHOHe Aepe8Hl1 Mb1KaHl1HO BCTynatoT B 6oH
c 20-iO TaHKaM11 npOTl1BHl1Ka, nOA611BatoT 4 MaWl1Hbl, oc-
TanbHble 6eryT OT rpaHaT 6eccTpawHblX cTpe111<0B.
20 CTpenKOB BO rnaBe c OTBa>KHblM MnaAµJ11M neHTe-
HaHTOM "'1cnaMKynoBblM 11 ne~neHaHTOM OrypeeBblM . B
Tbtny· 2:-ro CTpenKOBoro . 6aTanbOHa MaCCOBblM. py>t<eHHblM
3annOBblM OrHeM OTpa>KatoT araKy Bpa>KeCKOrO 6aTanbOHa.
· 120 CTpenKoB· noA KOMaHAOH neHTeHaHTa Ecp11Ma C011-
11HMOH0Ba B. paHOHe CTaHU,11H ·MaTpeHl1HO 6poce:ltoTCSl B
KOHTpaTaKy npOTl1B 500-600 COnAaT 11 ocp11u,epoB. flyneH
11· WTblKOM YHl14TO>KatoT. AO 300 cpawt1cTOB, B TOM 4Hcne
KOMaHAHpa. 6aTanbOHa - Kan11TaHa, 3aXBa•TblBatoT nneHHblX,
W.Ta6 6aTanbOHa c AOKyMeHTaM11, MHOro TpocpeeB. HeMu,eB
. OTrOHSllOT Ha nonTopa-ABa 1<11noMeTpa •.
· ·80 · CTPEV!KOB nOA KOMaHAOH MnaAwero neHTeHaHTa Ce-
MeHa KpaeBa B paHOHe Bbt_COTbt 235, 1, OKpy>KeHHbte AO
4eTbtpex COTeH HeMu,aMH H BOCeMbto TaHKaMl1; 6pocatoTCSl
B •· KOHTpaTaKy; o6paw,atoT Bpara . B. 6ercTBo, . YHH4TO>KatoT
6o·nee . ·150 C011AaT, aaxBaTblBatoT -3 TaHKa, 4 CTaHKOB.blX
·nyn.eMeTa, OAHO 75 MM opyA11e c SIW,11KOM 3apS1AOB, TpeiK-
TopoM-TJ1ra40M, WTa6Hyto· MaWHHY c AOKyMeHTaM11. 11 ABY-
MSl. paA110CTaHU,11SlMl1.
r eHepan naHcp11nOB TYT >Ke · . AaBan. AOJ)>KHYIO ou,eHKY
.6oeebtM AeHCTBl1SlM HawHx noApa3AeneHHi(;. KorAa st eMy
AOKnciAIHBan no ·TenecpoHy, OH roBop..-n: . :: . ::
---:-:·nepeAai;itTe cnac1160 3a c»y~6y~ Bai.u-..sM ·f.1·Yi>f<eCTBeH-
·HblM :60HU.aM H;l(OMaH,P,11paM. ·,lJ,eWcl"BY~l!e •. JKenato .ycne~.a.
,:.f8S
C 26 Hosi6psi 200' raapAeHu,es BO- rnaae c neHTeHaHTOM
IAcnaMKynoablM H cTapwHM neHTeHaHTOM · >KyKOBblM a_ Ae-
peaHe CoKonoao (MocKOBCKasi o6naCTb) 4eTaepo cyTOK
aem1 My>KeCTBeHHYIO 6opb6y c TpH>KAbl npeBOCXOASIW,HMH
CHnaMH npOTHBHHKa, 4eTb1pe>KAbl OT6paCblBaSI HenpHSITenb-
CKHX COnAaT H TaHKH cMenoH H Aep3KOH KOHTpaTaKOH. IA
nHWb Ha 4eTaepTblH AeHb nocne nsiTH 3aXOAOB 30 apa>Ke-
CKHX caMoneTOB, HHTeHCHBHO-KOM6HHHpoaaHHOH apTHnne-
pHHCKOH nOArOTOBKH, CHnOIO OAHOro TaHKOBOrO 6aTanbOHa
H nonKa nexoTbl apary YAaeTcsi cnoMHTb conpoTHane1-01e
o6opoH SI IOW,HXCSI.
C 30 Hosi6p.si no 8 AeKa6psi 1941 roAa nonK BeAeT
ynopHb1e 6oH 3a Kpt0Koao. B TecHOM B3aHMOAeHCTBHH c
APYrHMH 4aCTSIMH AHBH3HH nonK nepeXOAHT a KOHTpHa-
cTynneHHe, ocso6o>KAaeT Kpt0Koao, 3axaaTb1aaer MHoro
Tpocpeee, B TOM 4HCne 18 TaHKOB H npecneAyeT npOTHBHHKa
AO_ lo11cTpb1.
Bcero noA MocKBOH BOHHbl nonKa YHH4TO>KHnH AO 10
TblCSl4 OKKynaHTOB.
B cypoeb1x 3HMHHX ycnoeH.six, npoKnaAbleasi nyTb no
rny6oKocHe>KHOH u,en1-1He, e APeMy4HX necax JleHHHrpaA-
CKOH H KanHHHHCKOH o6nacTeH, nonK coeepwaeT AnHTenb-
Hble 11 TPYAHble Mapw1-1, nepexOAbl e aeaHrapAe AHBH3Hl'1.
MOLI..\HblM YAapoM nonK npopb1eaeT cppoHT, noMasi
ynopH,ble conpOTHBneHHSI npOTHBHHKa, AeHcTeysi e ero rny-
6oKOM Tb1ny, oceo6o>KAaeT 83 HaceneHHblX nyHKTa, HCTpe6-
nsieT CBblWe 5 TblCSl4 OKKynaHTOB, 3axeaTblBaeT nneHHblX
11 MHOro Tpocpeee, B TOM 4Hcne 80 pa3nH4HblX aeTOMaWHH,
29 opyAHH pa3Horo KanH6pa, 6 MHHOMeToe, 12 cTaHKOBblX
H 28 py4HblX nyneMeToe, 7 paAHOcTaHU,HH, eoopy>KeHHe,
6oenp1-1nacb1, eoeHHOe cHapsi>KeHHe H HMYLI..\eCTBO.
60Hu,b1 H KOMaHA~Pbl, eocnwraHHble Ha cnaeHblX TpaAH-
U,HSIX nonKa, B XOAEi 6oeeblX AeHCTBHH noKa3anH BblCOKYIO
nonHTHKO-MOpanbHYIO CTOHKOCTb, HaCTynaTenbHblH nopblB,
cpH3H4eCKYIO BblHOCnHBOCTb, My>KeCTBO, nposiensinH ece 3TH
Ka4eCTBa He TO.ir&KO B 6opb6e c OKKynaHTaMH, HO H B
·6opi.6e c xonOAOM, ronoAOM H APYrHMH TPYAHOCTSIMH H
·.n·i.1weHHSIMH, KaK reapAeHU,bl 3-ro CTpenKOBOtO. 6aTanbOHa
3a AepeeHtO CoKonoeo, 16 6eccTpawHblX so rnaee c eo-
eHcpenbAWepoM TpocpHMOBblM noA AepeeHeH Xeopow,HHO
H Apyr"1e.
3aAa4a, nocTaeneHHasi KOMaHAOBaHHeM Ceeepo-3anaA-
··Horo. cJ>pOHTa, COeAHHHTbCSI' c °KanHHHHCKHM cppoHTOM, no-
·nKOM 6bt.ria BblnOnHeHa c tteCTblO. H B cpoK.
i86
3Mll1MtUI a1<n1eHyt0 o6opoHy Ha py6e>1<e OTMeTKH
I\, 1-Ko6ns11<11 B yc110Bl1SIX nOllOBOAbSI, HenpOXOAHMblX 60-
lllH' II 11CKJll0411TeJ1bHOM 3aTPYAHeHHH co CHa6>1<eHHeM npo-
1111110111.cTBHeM H cpypa)KOM, 6oenp1-1nacaMH, no111< He ycTy-
11n11 111-1 OAHOro MeTpa coeeTCKOH 3eMJ1H SlpOCTHO HaCTyna-
1011\0MY npOTHBHV.Ky, OT6Hean AO COTHH aTaK npeeoCXOASl-
11\oro B c1-111e nponteHHKa.
Ha noM py6e>1<e llH4HblH cocTae no111<a npowen cypo-
11y10 Wl<Ony coepeMeHHOro 6osi, TaK Ha3blBaeMytO BOHHaMH
no111ca, Ko611si1<c1<yt0 aKaAeMHtO. B Tex 6osix BOHHbl YHH4-
rn>1rn111-1 2600 OKK}"naHTOB, 22 nyneMeTHblX ,D,30Ta, 13 ap-
11-11111epHHCKHX H MHHOMeTHblX 6aTapeH pci3HOro Kan1-16pa,
6 aeTOMaTH4eCKHX nyweK, 10 TaHKOB, 4 caMOJleTa, 55
llBTOMaw1-1H H Apyryt0 TeXHHKy.
B 3TOH eeceHHeH onepau,1-11-1 11H4HblH, cocTae no111<a' Apa11-
csi repoHCKH. TaK, opyA11HHblH pac4eT 11eHTeHaHTa ToHMa-
coea ecTyn1-111 e apT1-11111ep1-1J;ic1<yt0 AY311b npsiMOH HaBOAKOH
nponte Tpex epa>1<ec1<1-1x opyAHH 1-1 eb1we11 no6eAHTe11eM.
BoHHbl CTapwero 11eMTeHaHTa Manyp4yKa ABa>KAbl no6b1ea-
111-1 B TblllY epara, HaHOCSI eMy OW.YTHMblH ypoH.
3a ABa roAa no111< YHH4Tom1-111 ceb1we 18 TblCS14 epa>1<e-
c1<1-1x conAaT H ocfrnu,epoe, oceo6oAHJ1 84 HaceneHHblX nyH-
KTa, 3axeaTMJ1 H YHH4T0>1<1-111 58 TaHKOB, 180 aeTOMaWHH, 26
opyA"1H pa3HblX 1<a111-16poe, 137 nyneMeToe, 40 MHHOMeToe,
13 caMO/leTOB "1 MHOro Apyroro eoeHHMyw,eCTBa H
eoopy>1<eH1-H1.
3a o6pa3U,OBOe BbtnOJlHeHHe 6oeBblX 3ap,aHHH KOMaH-
AOBaHHSl H npOS!BJleHHble npH 3TOM My>KeCTBO H oreary 590
BOHHOB 6blJ1H Harpa>1<AeHbl npaBHTellbCTBeHHblMH HarpaAa-
MH: opAeHOM JleHHHa - 4 4e11oee1<a 1 opAeHoM Kpaci-ioro
3HaMeHH - 39, OpAeHOM 0Te4eCTBeHHOH eoq_Hbl- 2, op-
AeHOM KpacHOH 3ee3Abl - 68, MeAa11bt0 «3a oTea-
ry» - 317, MeAa11bt0 «3a 6oeeb1e 3ac11yrn» - 157, opAe-
HOM «KpacHoe 3HaMSI» (MHP) - 2, MeAallblO «3a OTeary»
(MHP) """."'" 1.
3a 6oeeble 3ac11yrn Haw no11K 6blJ1 YAOCTOeH no4eTHOro
KpacHoro 3HaMeH"1 MoHr011bCKOH HapoAHOH Pecny6111-11<1-1 1
KOTOpoe SI npHHSIJl OT npe3HAeHTa MHP 6yMa-Ll,eHAe 13
AeKa6psi 1942 roAa.
3a ABa roAa eoHHbl e ceo1-1x psiAax ,Mbl HeAOC4HTa111-1cb
MHOrHX, 6oeBblX TOBap1-1w,eJ;i. ' '
BenHKa, Hawa c1<op6b c;> naew1-1x reposix. ~x o6pa3bt
>1<11ByT e Haw1-1x ,cepAµ.ax. 0HH 3ac11y>t<1-1111-1, ~awy nt06oab,
Haw nOKIIOH CB011M rep0113MOM 11 Belll1KOH mo60BblO K
POA11He. Mbl He CTblA11Ill1Cb 11 He CTblA11MCSI CB011X Clle3, HO
rHeB 11 HeHaBl1CTb K 3aKJISITOMY Bpary ocyw11n11 Haw11 rna3a,
11 Mbl CHOBa 11 CHOBa WJll1 B 6011, 4T06bl CMeTaTb c Ill1L\a
3eMJll1 cpawl13M.
Mbl OTOMCTVIM ME40M VI orHEM!
ConAaT Ha cppoHTe nepe>1<11BaeT TS1>t<K11e 11cnb1TaH11si,

cTpaAaH11si 11 n11weH11si. Ho conAaT Ha cppoHTe, KaK Hl1KTO
. Apyroi1, 11cnblTblBaeT paAOCTb no6eAbl HaA BparOM.
Cyw.ecTBYtoT 11 APYrHe paAOCTl1 Ha CBeTe: paAOCTb
MaTep11HCTBa - B03pO>t<AeHl1SI 11 npOAOil>t<eHl1SI poAa 4eJIO-
ee4eCKOro 11 paAOCTb nto6B11, 3T11M ABYM ocHOBaM >t<l13Hl1
npoT11BOCT011T cMepTb. Bee 3Tl1 Tp11 4yecTBa y n11TepaTopoB
HOCSIT Ha3BaH11e «Be4HOH TeMbl». BOT no4eMy paAOCTb
no6eAbl npeBblWe OCTallbHblX paAOCTeH 4eJIOBeKa.
no6eAa He np11xoA11T caMa. 0Ha cnaraeTcsi 113 nocTo-
SIHHOH 6oeroTOBHOCT11 Ka>t<Aoro 6oi1u,a. 6oecnoco6HocTb >t<e
onpeAensieTCSI J1114HOH AHCU,11nn11H11poBaHHOC'rblO, 6e3yKo-
p113HeHHblM nopS!Ai<OM B Ill14HOM X03SIHCTBe, co6iitoAeH11eM
ecex npaBl1Il BOeHHOro epeMeH11, OTl1114HblM 3HaHl1eM Bpy-
4eHHOro eMy opy>1<11si 11 y MellblM np11MeHeH11eM · ero e 6oto
AIISI l1CTpe611eHl1SI . Bpara, MeTKOCTblO. B CTpe11b6e, 6e30T-
Ka3HOCTblO, B pa6ore, cHopoBKoi1 8 Aei1cTB11six WTbl.KOM,
np11KllaAOM 11 rpaHaTOH,' yMeH11eM MaHeBp11poBaTb orHeM
11 ABl1>t<eH11eM,. B3al1MOAeHCTBYSI c 6oeBblM TOBap11w,eM-,CO-
CeAOM, CTpeMi1TellbHO' AeHCTBYSI B COCTaBe CBoero OTAene-
Hl1SI, c CYAb6oj;'j KOToporo Hepa3pb1Bl:IO CBSl3aHa Ill14HaSI
CYAb6a Ka>t<AOro. '
nocTOSIHHO 11cnpaBHOe ,opy>1<11e,. nOAOrHaHHO.e · CHapsi>t<e-
H11.e. B noxoAe, KpenK11i1 11. YA06Hb1H Aflsi . 6oeeoi.1 pa60Tbl
OKOn, 6naroycTpoeHHblH 6n11HAa>K:-Y6e>1<11w,e C03AalOT 6na-
ronp11S!THble ycnoB11si AIIS! 6oeBOH pa6oTbl 11 OTAbrxa, o6ec-
rie411BatoT 6e3onacHOCTb Ill14HOH >Kl13Hl1 Ka>KAOMY B011HY 11
ero POAHOH 6oeBOH ceMbe----: o.TAeJ1eH11to, B3BOAYr poTe 11
T. A·
· CoBeTCKl1H HapoA oeesin liac c11~eoi1 3,a Haw11 6oeBbre
Aena He. AIISI Tor.o, 4T06br Mbl 3a3Han11cb., a .i:insi .Toro, 4T06!>•
Mbl CTan11 ew.e Q0~ pee :11. co:Bepw~Il"1, ~w,e :.9onbwe nOABl1-
0
roe, npHyMHO>K11Il,".I · c;naBy CB()IO. N\bl He. AOfl>KH!>I 3IIOY.nOT-

pe6nsiTb xeano~ HapoAa, ~e HapywaTb' HY>KHble HapOAY
nopS!AOK 11 CTporyto A11CU,11nlll1HY, a, CKpOMHO np11HSIB
188
r111111 011n1n1ocr11 HapoAa, eecr11 ce6si cepbe3HO, no-Aeno-
11• •My, 11onceAHeeHo, e>Ke4acHo Y4HTbCSI H Y4HTbCSI eoeHHO-
MY 11n11y, HaBOAHTb nopsiAOK eeaAe H ect0Ay, 1160 6ea Hero
1111111 I IMO>KHbl HH CTOHKaSI o6opoHa, HH ycnewHaSI araKa.
1 ltK Ha3b1eat0r naH<f>Hnoeu,aMH TanrapcKoro nonKa. 3ro
11.1 11111111-1e crano rpaAMU.HOHHblM, Bb1pa>Kat0~HM cnaBHble
f 11111111.10 Aena 6ot:.u,oe H KOMaHAHpoe non Ka, 3aeoeeaew11x
1q 111111.10 reapAeHc1<yt0 cnaey; OHO crano Hap11u,arenbHblM
11M11110M B y4e6e, e 6b1ry H e 6ot0 ecero nM4Horo cocraea.
11011 cnoeoM ranrapeu, noApaayMeeat0r Hacrosi~ero reap-
1111i-11-1a, nepe>KHewero ece HeearOAbl noxoAa H 6oeeoH
110-1.1HH, paAOCTH nOABHra, paAOCTH no6eAbl. BoHHbl npo11a-
11oc sir ero c ropAOCTbtO 11 np11narat0r ece ceoH CHnbl 11
c:noco6Hocr11 e~e Bblwe nOAHSITb 40CTb H cnaey pOAHOro
oro cepAU.Y nonKa e y4e6e, e 6b1ry 11 e 6ot0.
HaM HY>KHO e~e MHoroMy Hay4HTbCSI, -Mbl He HMeeM
npaea ycnoKOHTbCSI Ha AOCTMrHyroM. Mb1 AOn>KHbl ynopHOH
Y'ie6ot:. oenaAeearb 11 oenaAeearb eepw11HOH eoeHHoro
HCKyccrea OT PSIAOBOro AO KOMaHAMpa, noeceAHeBHO no-
BblWaTb KBanM<f>HKaU,HIO HacrynarenbHOro 6osi, CTaTb MaCTe-
paMH ceoero Aena Ami roro, 4T06b1 raM, rAe Mbl 6yAeM
HacrynaTb 1 epar He YCTOSln, a rAe 6yAeM o6opOHSITbCSI, epar
He npowen.
Cpa>+<asicb, Mbl AOn>KHbl Y4HTbCSI 11 aa1<ansirbcS1, My>t<aTb
H ecerAa 6b1Tb Ha eb1core, He nocpaMMTb Hawy reapAei1-
c1<yt0 4eCTb H BblCOKO HeCTH Hawe reapAeHCKOe 3HaMSI Ha
none 6osi CKB03b AblM H orOHb AO OKOH4aTenbHOH no6eAbl
HaA eparoM.
r AE nOPSIAOK - TAM YCnEx·
8 Ma.SI 1945 roAa Ben111<aS1 0Te4ecreeHHaSI eoi1Ha coeeT-

c1<oro HapOAa npOTHB HeMeU,KO-<f>aWHCTCKHX 3axeaT4HKOB
no6eAOHOCHO 6b1na 3aeepweHa. r11TnepOBCKaS1 repMaHHSl 1
nocraeneHHaSI Ha 1<oneHH KpacHOH ApMHeH H BOHCKaMM
HaWHX COI03HHKOB, npH3Hana ce6.si no6e>t<AeHHOH H 06'bS1-
e11na 6eaoroeopo4HYIO 1<anMrynsiu,11t0.
r epMaHCKHe. HMnep11anMCTbl 1 _ Me4TaBWHe 0 nOKOpeHHH
Hawero HapoAa, o aaeoeeaHMH ecero MMpa, noeep>t<eHbl
e npax. Ab1MS1l4Me paaeanMHbl 6epn11Ha c11Meon11a11pyt0T
1<pyweH11e 11 r116enb cpaw11crc1<oi1 rpeTbeH 11Mnep1111.
0KOH4Mnacb rsi>t<enasi 11 1<poeonpon11THa.si_ 6opb6a, KO-
• Pe'lb Ha co6paHHH napTaKTHBa 20.05.45. -

Topyio eem1 HapOAbl Hawe.:1 CTpaHbl, 3aw,1-1w,asi ce·oio ·Po-
·AHHy, cnacasi KynbTYPY H U,HBHJ1H3aU,HIO OT cJ>awHCTCKOH
4YMbl. B 3TOH BOHHe nnnepoecKaSI repMaHHSI OKa3anacb
CHJlbHblM, KOBapHblM H OnblTHblM npontBHHKOM, 4eM fep-
MaHi-tSI BO ecex npeAblAYW.HX BOHHax.
Ho coeeTCKHH HapoA, ecTae Ha 3aW,HTY ceoei:i PoAi-tHbl,
OTCTOSIJl 3ai3oeeaHHSI 0KTst6pbCKOH peBOJllOL\HH, npOB03rna-
CHBWeM e Hawe.:1 CTpaHe CoeeTcKyt0 enacTb - enacTb Tpy-
'ASIW,HXCSI.
B 3TOH eenHKOH 61-tTBe 3a He3aBHCHMOCTb ·POAHHbl Hawa
AHBH3HSI, ee COl1AaTbl, cep>t<aHTbl H ocpi-tu,epbl BJlO>KHml
'.cBO!O AOnlO, npHHHMaSI aKTHBHOe y4aCTHe BO acex 6osix
HenocpeACTBeHHO Ha nepeAOBblX n03HL\YiSIX, B 6opb6e c
eparoM · AOKa3anH i<poBblO rny601<yt0 mo6oeb 1-1 npeAaH-
HOCTb ceoe.:1 POAMHe, .ceoMMH paTHblMH 6oeeblMM AenaMH,
OTearoi:i H nposisneHHeM. eo MHOrHx 60S1x Maccoeoro repo-
H3Ma. ,lJ,HBH3Hst ·npHHHMana y4acT1-1e e 6osix noA MocKeoi:i,
.3a VicTpy, 3a CTanHHrp~A. 3a Ben1-11<He Jly1<1-1, Hoeoco1<onb-
HMKH; 3a ,lJ,yxoew,11Hy, 3a CMoneHcK 1-1, HaKoHeu,, 3aeepwi.tna
eo.:1Hy e pstAax nepeAOB~x cOCAHHeH11.:1 Ha KypnstHACKOM
·nonyocTpoee, BblHYAHB epara cno>1<11Tb opymi.te.
3a eecb nepMOA 0Te4ecTeeHHOM BOMHbl AMBM3Mst YHM4-
TO>KHna .98 750 COJ1AaT H 0<1>11u,epoe; 44 . caMOJieTa, 470
·TaHKOB H caMOXOAHblX opyAMH, 279 opyAHH pa3Horo 1<an11-
6pa, 262 MHHOMeTa, 780 nyneMeTOB, 850 COJlAaT H OcJ>11-
u,epoB 3axea4eHo B nneH.
18-si 11 31-si' reapAei:1c1<1-1e cTpen1<00b1e nonK11 Harpa>t<-
ACHbl opAeHaMM KpacHoro 3HaMeHi-t, a 22-opAeHOM
ileHHHa.
Bb1co1<1-1x npaeMTenbcTBeHHblX HarpaA YAOCTOeHbl 13 404
60.:14a 11 ocp11u,epa, B TOM 411Cn.e. nSITH BOMHa'M np11ceoeHbl
3HaHMSI repost CoeeTCKOro Coio3a.
noA pyKOBOACTBOM napTHH COBCTCKHM HapOA np11cTyn11n
K 3ane41-1eaHMIO Tst>1<enb1x paH, HaHeceHHblX eparoM. Hawa
.POAMHa '6yAeT ew,e 6onee npe1<pacHOM H MOryw,ecTBeHHOH.
Ho napTMSI 6onbwee111<oe y4i-tT Hae: He 3a3HaeaTi>csi,. He
ycno1<a11eaTbCS1, He npeAaeaTbCSI 6nar0Ayw11io. Hy>t<HO no-
HSITb BCeMi 4TO CllO>KHble npo611eMbl nocneeoeHHOro MMpa
H OTHoweHHH Me>KAY CTpaHaMH Tpe6yioT, 4T06b1 KpacHast
ApMHSI 6i>1na eoopy>t<eHa, KaK ci.tna, cnoco6tiasi o6ecne4HTb
pa3peweH11e scex >KH3HeHHO i3a>t<HblX eonpocoi3 Anst Hawero
rocyAapcTea.
· Oco6eHl-io · HaM, eoMH~M-rsapAe.:1u,aM; HaXOAHBWHMCSI
Ho
II HOAa15HO Oeeo60>KAeHHOH np116anTl1Ke, He06XOA11MO nOM-
ll~ITlo, 4TO ew,e Ha AHSIX 3Aeeb, e KypnstHA1111, opyAOBan
:ino6HblH 11 KOBapHblH epar, BblMYWTpoeaHHblH KaApOBblH
r 11rnepoeeKOH apM1111. .
,D,yMaTb 0 TOM, 4TO epar11 see AO OAHOrO nOKOpHO
cp,aAyresi 11 He 6yAyr nb1raTbCS1 eeeT11 6opb6y, 3Ha411T
yrparl1Tb eeSIKOe nOA0611e 6A11TeJ1bHOer11.
Bpar x11rep 11 onbtTeH e o6MaHe, OH HeeoMHeHHO oe-
rae11n eso11x naKees, areHroe, A11BepeaHro_s, npoeoKaropoe
no neeaM, xyropaM, ropoAaM 11 eenaM e 3aAa4ei:i -
epeAMTb HaM BelOAY. Be3Ae "' BO seeM.
Oret0Aa Hawa nepeooYepeAHasi 3aAa4a - nOAAep>1<11-
eaTb "' pa3Bl1BaTb 6AMTeJ1bHOeTb y eeex "' BO eeeM, Be3Ae
11 BelOAY·
Bor noYeMy Henb3SI paecy>KAaTb raK: Mon, soi:iHa KOH-
4Mnacb, MO>KHO no4MBaTb Ha naspax, MO>KHO He Y414TbCSI.
Henb3SI AYMaTb,- 4TO Mbt npown11 eyposyt0 wKony BOHHbt,_
3Ha411T renepb Mbt eee 3HaeM, ace yMeeM, rnaeHasi 3aAa4a
pa3peweHa, renepb MO>t<HO CAenarb nepeAbtWKy.
KoHe4HO, pa3 Mbt no6eAl1Jl11 OAHOro KOeapHoro 11· e11Jlb""'
HOrO npOTl1BHl1Ka, 3Ha411T, eOJlAaTbl 11 ocp114epbt Hawe·j;i
apM1111 siirnsit0rcsi o6pa3l..\OM A11e411.nn11H11posaHHocr11 1 opra-
Hl130BaHHOCTl1. 3Ha411T, Hawa apM11SI CTaJla KaApOBOH B
Haerosiw,eM eMblCJle 3Toro enoea. TeM 6onee 3TO OTHOCl1TeSI
K Hawei:i reapAeHeKOH apM1111, K or6opHOMY eoi:ieKy Hawei:1
crpaHbl.
Ka,r:i.poebtH rsapAee4-so11H AOJl>KeH eonnow,arb B ee6e
ece ny4w11e 11 nepeAOBbte KaYeersa eoeercKoro eonAara:
eMeJlOCTb 11 OTBary B 6ot0, soen11raHHOeTb B o6paw,eHl111,
Al1C411nm1H1-1poeaHHOCTb so eeeM. Bee 3TO HY>KHO noMHl1Tb,
noH11MaTb 11 npoBOA11Tb s >K113Hb. HaM He np11eyw,11 3a3Hai1-
erso, caMOAOBOJlbereo, 11 Mbt He Kl1411Mesi no6eAoi1. Mbt
AOJlmHbl co CKpOMHOCTblO 60JlbWeB11Ka ropA11'rbCSI etO, KaK
HaW11M TBOpeH11eM.
· Mbt cei1Yac AOJl>KHbt AYMaTb o TOM, KaK 6btrb AOcroi:i-
HbtM11 3TOH BeJll1KOi1 . no6eAbl, KaK rny6oKO OC03HaTb 11
sn11TaTb s ee6si see sen11Y11e, OAep>KaHHOe no6eAoi1, BCIO
Kpacoty 11 TSl>KeeTb Haw11x nOAB11rOB Ha none 6paHl1.
Cei:14ae nocne yenewHoro 3ae'epweHl1SI pa3rpoMa r-11T-
nepoeeKl1X non411w,, KaK B ~ypnstHA1111, TaK 11 · 1-1a scex
<t>poHrax OTe1.1ecrseHHOH soi:iHbt, Heo6xoA11Mo np11see:r.H
ce6si s nopstAOK, yeraHOBl1Tb 11 erporo BbtnOJlHSITb pacn11-
caH11e 3aHS1T11i1 .11 pacnopsiAOK · AHSI. Bc,e :no . Mbt - AOJl>KHbl
.191
soenp11H.s!Tb KaK AOJ1>1<Hoe, KaK 3asoesaHHOe HaweJ;i
KpOBblO.
,ll,11eu,11nJ111Ha, opraHH30BaHHOeTb,. nOAT.s!HYTOeTb, T04HOe
eneAOBaH11e seeM paen11eaHl1.s!M - BOT, 4TO seerAa AOJl>KHO
6b1Tb np11eyw,e reapAeHu,aM, npoweAWl1M see Hes3rOAbl,
n11weH11.s1 11 T.sirOTbl 6oeeoJ;i >K113H11: B 3TOM AOnr 11 ee.siTa.si
o6si3aHHOeTb Ka>KAOro 113 Hae.
Bo seeM noBeAeHl111 eOilAaTa 11 ocp11u,epa, Ha Ka>KAOM
wary, B Ka>KAOM AeJle HeJlb3SI 3a6b1BaTb, 4TO Mbl 113 nepBblX,
KTO CJlOMl+Jl xpe6eT cpaw11eTeKOMY 3eept0, a 3TO 3Ha411T,
4TO Mbl caMble 4eCTHble, caMble 6naropOAHble B011Hbl, 4TO
coeeTeKl1H HapOA, AalOW,11H esoeH apM1111 ece He06XOA11MOe,
11 B AallbHeHweM B11Aell 6b1 B HaWeM Jll1U,e AOeTOHHblX
B011HOB, enoco6HblX OTCTO.s!Tb CBOIO CTpaHy OT Jlt06oro
spara, rOpAO HOel1Tb 11MSI B011Ha-no6eA11TeJlSI.
Moryw,eeTeo KpaeHOH ApM1111 6yAeT KpenHyTb "130 AH.sl
B AeHb B TOM enyYae, eenl1 l<a>KAbtH 6oeu, 11 ocp11u,ep 6yAyT
3a60Tl1TbeSI 0 nOBblWeHl111 eso11x BOeHHblX 11 nOJll1Tl14eCKl1X
3HaHl1H, paeTl1 B KYilbTYPHOM OTHOWeH1111, yeepAHO 3aHl1-
MaTbCSI caMoo6pa3oBaHHeM co eTpaeTblO caMoro np11ne>K-
HOro 11 yc11AY11soro yYeH11Ka.
nepeA HaMl1 eeJ;i4ae eTOl1T 60JlbWaSI 11 n04eTHaSI 3aAa4a:
KaK 11 BO speMSI BOHHbl, KOrAa KOMMYHl1eTbl BCeMepHO
n0Moran11 KOMaHA11PY BblnOJlHSITb 6oeBOH np11Ka3, TaK 11
ceJ;i4ac, OHl1 np113saHbl o6ecne411Tb BblcOKl1H no Ka4eeTBY
yposeHb BOeHHOH y4e6b1.
Bet0 pa6oTy napT11HHblX 11 KOMeOMOJ1bCK11x opraH113a411J;i
HY>KHO nOA411Hl1Tb peweH1110 3TOH rnaBHOH 3aAa4H no np11-
Hu,11ny - see All.s! BOeHHOH y4e6b1.
4To6b1 soen11Tb1BaTb 11 Y411Tb Apyr11x, HY>KHO 3HaTb 11
nOH11MaTb MHOrO caMoMy. no3TOMY PYKOBOASIW,11e pa-
60TH"1Kl1, npe>1<Ae 4eM 11AT11 B nOApa3AeJ1eH11e, o6si3aHbl
eaMl1 He TOJlbKO . 3HaTb, 4eM 6yAyT 3aHl1MaTbe.sl 60HU,bl
11 ocp11u,epb1, HO 11 3apaHee 113Y411Tb caMOMY TeMy
3aHSITl1H, yMeTb AenaTb 11 noKa3blBaTb Il"14HO, een11
B 3TOM 6yAeT Heo6xoA11MOCTb. Ta1<0Bbl Tpe6osaH11S1 ee-
rOAHSIWHero AHSI.
bOJlbWYIO nOMOW,b KOMaHA11PY B BOCnl1TaHl111 Jll14HOro
coCTasa, B opraH113a41111 y4e6bt, nOAAep>KaH1111 nop.siAKa 11
Al1e411nlll1Hbl AOJl)f(Hbl OKa3aTb KOMMYHl1CTbl, KOMeOMOJlbU,bl,
11AS1 B aBaHrapAe KpaeHoapMeHCl<l1X Mace, AOJl>KHbl CllY>KHTb
11M AOeTOHHblM npHMepoM, eosepweHeTBOBaTb 6oesoe Ma-
CTepcTBO M rny6o~o OCMblCJlMBaTb HaKOnlleHHblH onblT 3a
192
rOAbl BOHHbl. B 3TOM Tenepb cocTOHT 3aAa4a napTHHHblX
"1 KOMCOMOnbCKHX opraHH3a4HH.
CerOAHSI enepebre noc11e OKOH4aHHSI eoeHHblX AeHCTBHH
a MHpHOH o6cTaHOBKe Mbl npOBOAHM napTHHHblH aKTHB
4BCTeH "1 nOApa3Ae11eHHH HaWeH AHBH3HH. L.1,e11b co6paHHSI
COCTOHT npe>KAe ecero B TOM, 4T06bl caMH aKTHBHCTbl H
arnraropbl r11y60KO OC03Ha/1H npeACTOSIW,He 3aAa4."1, 0 KO-
TOpblX SI TOllbKO 4TO fOBOpH11.
BHyTpeHHSISI >KH3Hb noApa3AeneHHH AOn>KHa 6b1Tb op-
raHH30BaHa TaK, 4T06b1 BO BceM 4YBCTBOBa11csi TBepAblH
nopSIAOK, 4T06bl Ka>KAblH 4aC OCMblClleHHO H c T011KOM
HCn011b30Ba/1CSI Ha BOeHHYIO y4e6y: Ha BOCnHTaHHe, o6y4e-
HHe H 0Tpa60TKY C011AaTCKOH KpaCOTbl BO BCex 3BeHbSIX, BO
ecex poAax opy>1<HS1 Hawero coeAHHeHHSI.
TaKoro nopS1AKa MO>KHO A06HTbCSI 111-1wb B TOM c11y4ae,
ec11H KOMMYHHCTbl, "1 B nepBylO 04epeAb napTHHHblH aKTHB,
noHMyT, 4TO Y4HTbCSI ceJ;f4ac, 3TO 3Ha4HT BblnOllHSITb CBOH
BOHHCKHH AOllr, KpenHTb BOeHHOe Moryw,ecrBo CoBeTcKoro
rocyAapcrBa. C11eAOBaTe11bHO, nepBOH 3aAa4eH y4acTHHKOB
co6paHHSI A011>KHO 6b1Tb 06cy>1<AeHHe MeponpHSITHH, o6ec-
ne4HBat0w,1o1x n11aHOMepHyt0 y4e6y, BblCOKYIO opraHH30BaH-
HOCTb H nopSIAOK, nocTpoeHHblH B COOTBeTCTBHH c Tpe6o-
BaHHSIMH HaWHX ycraBOB H HaCTaB11eHHH, npHKa30B H npH-
Ka3aHHH KOMaHAHPOB.
HapSIAY c aKTHBHblM y4acTHeM B npoeeAeHHH ecex
MeponpHSIH1H KOMaHAOBaHHSI no Ha11a>1<HBaHHIO eoeHHOH
y4e6bl "1 AHC41-1n11Htibl, naprHHHblH aKTHB He AOll>KeH 3a6b1-
eaTb H 0 CBOeM AallbHeHWeM pocTe, SI HMelO B BHAY
nOBblWeHHe 3HaHHH.
B yc11oeHS1X HenpepblBHblX H >1<eCTOKHX 6oeB c npoTHB-
HHKOM aKTHB naprHHHOH opraHH3a4HH B CBOeM 6011bWHH-
CTBe HMe/1 orpaHH4eHHble B03MO>KHOCTH AllSI TeopeTH4e-
CKOH y4e6b1. T enepb OTKpb111HCb 6011bwHe B03MO>KHOCTH KaK
AllSI HHAHBHAya11bHoro caM006pa3oeatt1-1S1, TaK H A11SI 3aHSl-
THH B wK011ax naprHHHoro aKTHBa.
Ky11bTYPHO-MaccoByt0 pa6ory B 4aCTSIX HaM HaAO noA-
HSITb Ha HOBblH ypoBeHb. napTHHHblH aKTHB A011>KeH 6b1Tb
HHH4HaTOpOM B opraHH3a4HH pa3y4HBaHHSI neceH apMeH-
CKOH XYAO>KecTBeHHOH caMOAeS1Te11bHOCTH, cf>H3KY11bTYPbl
H· cnopTa, KYllbTYPHOro OTAblXa H 6b1Ta HaWHX 60J;t40B H
ocpH4epoe. •
"1cxOASI H3 Bb1WeH3110>KeHHOro, KOHKpeTHblMH H nepeo-
04epeAHblMH 3aAa4aMH napTHHHOH opraHH3a4HH CYHTalO:'
193
1. nepecTpOHTb napTHHHO-nOnHTH4eCKYIO pa6oTy B -CO-
OTBeTCTBHH c Tpe6oeaHH51MH nocneeoeHHOM o6cTaHOBKH,
pewHi"enbHO yny4WHB Ka4eCTBO arHTaU,HOHHO-nponaraHAH-
CTCKOM pa60Tbl cpe,l\H nH4HOro COCTaea.
2. Mo6HnH3oeaTb ee_cb nH4HblM cocTas Ha AOn>1<Hyt0
6oeeyt0, nonHTH4eCKYIO pa6oTy, Ha 6e3yKopH3HeHHO T04-
HOe "BblnOnHeHHe CB51TOro o6513aTenbCTBa BOHHa, - npeAy-
CMOTpeHHble eoeHHOM npHC51fOM.
3. KoMMYHHCTC!M noKa3b1eaTb o6pa3U,OBblM npHMep, Bb1-
c0Kyt0 BOHHCKYIO opraHH30BaHHOCTb, AHCU,HnnHHy, nOAT51-
HYTOCTb H onp51THOCTb BOHHCKOrO BHAa.
4. nocT051HHO nOMHHTb H CTpOHTb CBOIO pa60TY C C0-
3HaHHeM 4YBCTBa OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH 3a BOHHCKOe socnHTaHHe
csoero nHYHOro COCTasa. "1cKnl04HTb BC51KHe B03MO>KHOCTH
HeAOCTOMHOro noBeAeHH51 co CTOpOHbl OTAenbHblX BOeHHOC-
ny>1<aW,HX (4pe3eb14aMHb1x np61-1cwecTBHi1), nosce-
AHesHo yKpenn51Tb nonHTHKO-MOpanbHOe COCT051HHe 4aCTeM
H cneu,noApa3AeneHHM, socnHTblBaTb y ecero JlH4HOro co-
CTasa 4YBCTBO rsapAeMCKOM ropAOCTH H mo6eH K csoeMy
noApa3AeneHHtO H 4aCTH, KaK K pOAHOM_ 6oesol1 ceMbe.
5. 06paTHTb oco6oe BHHMaHHe Ha nOAH51THe pesont0-
U,HOHHOM 6AHTenbHOCTH H soeHHOM. HaCTopo>KeHHOCTH y
ecero nH4Horo cocTasa. "1cKnt041Hb H npeAynpeAHTb BC51KHe
B03MO>KHOCTH Manei1wero HapyweHH51 HeCeHH51 KapaynbHOM
H rapHH30HHOM c11y>K6b1, naM51Ty51, - 4TO AOJl>KHblM BHyTpeH-
HHM nop51AOK 5iBJ15ieTc5i KpaeyronbHblM KaMHeM nOAAep>Ka-
HH51 BOHHCKOM AHCU,HnJlHHbl.
6. Yny4WHTb Ka4ecTBo pa6orb1 c ocflHu,EipcKHM cocTaeoM,
nOJlO>KHB B OCHOBY :noro H3y4eHHe onblTa 0Te4eCTBeHHOM
BOHHbl, nOBblWeH!-le KynbTYPbl B pa6oTe ocp11u,epa, BHeApHB
B C03HaHHe nOH51THe ocp1-1u,epcKOM 4eCTH H AOCTOHHCTBa.
7. noeeCTH peWHTenbHYIO 6opb6y C OTnyCKHblMH H
AeM06HnH3aU,HOHHblMH HaCTpoeHHSlMH, BblCOKOMepHblM OT-
HOWeHHeM K 6oeBOM H nonHTH4eCKOM y4e_6e. napTHMHblM
6t0po npHeneKaTb K CTporoi1 napTHMHOM OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH
KOMMYHHCTOB, AOnycKatOW,HX HeAHCU,HnnMHHposaHHOCTb,
3a3HaMCTBO, CaMOAOBOJlbCTBO, BblCOKOMepHe H He pa6oTa-
IOW,HX HaA nOBblWeHHeM CBOHX BOeHHO-nonHTH4eCKHX
3HaHHM.
8. KopeHHblM o6pa30M- yny4wHTb socnHTaTenbHYtO pa-
6oTy cpeAH _KOMMYHHcToe H KaHAHAaToe e 4neHbl Knee,
OKa3aTb sCeMepHylO nOMOUJ,b B nOBblWeHHH reope"fH4eCKHX
3HaH"1M M 6opOTbC51 3a BblCOKOe Ka4eCTBO caMoo6pa3c;>~aHl1$1
194
.... pa60Tbl HaA co6oi'i OTAenbHblX. KOMMYHMCTOB .... opraHM""
30BaHHOH napTMHHOH WKOnbl, o6paTMB oco6oe BHMMaHMe Ha
BblCOKOKa'leCTBeHHOe oceoeHMe TeopeTM'leCKMX OCHOB MapK-
CM3Ma-neHMtiM3Ma, KaK cpyHAaMeHT peanMCTM'leCKOro MM-
poe033peHMSI .... BOCnMTaHMSI Mace.
9. KopeHHblM o6pa3oM yny'l·w11Tb pa6oTy nepeM'IHblX
napTMHHblX opraHM3aU,MH .... napTMHHblX 6iopo c TeM, 'IT06bl
OHM AeHCTBMTenbHO CTanM B HaWeM Aene nepeAOBblM aeaH-
rapAHblM pyKOBOAstW.11M KonneKn1soM.
10. 06pan1Tb oco6oe BHMMaHMe e noeceAHeBHOM nap-
TMMHo-nonMTM4eCKOH pa6oTe Ha napTMHHOe pyKoBOACfeo
.... noMOLLJ,b KOMCOMOny, rOTOBSI 11X KaK AOCTOHHblX nOMO~
HMKOB M cMeHy napTMM. HanpaenstTb .e npaeMnbHOe pycno
nbln 11 CTpaCTb MOnOAOCTM KOMCOMOnbCKOro aKTMBa Ha
BblnOnHeHMe nocTaeneHHOM 3aAa4M.
11. 06paTMTb oco6oe BHMMaH11e e napn.;i:1Ho-nonMTM'le-
cKoi:1 pa6oTe c OcpMu,epcKMM COCTaBOM Ha M3y4eHMe nlOAeM:
MX 6b1Ta, HacTpoeHMH, HY>KA 11 3anpocos, BocnHTblBaTb y
6oi:1u,oe 11 ocp11u,epoe 'IYBCTBO r~pAOCTM B011Ha-no6eA11Tenst
11 AOCTOMHoro noeeAeHHst ee3Ae H BCIOAY·
12. 0AH11M 11~ rnaeHeHWHX eonpocoe eocm1TaH11st C411-
TaTb BHeApeHHe B C03HaHHe Ka>KAOro B011Ha 6naropOAHOro
Ka4ecTea 11 A06ponopstAO'IHOCTl1.
Oco6o ycHnMTb eocnHTaTenbHYIO pa6oi'y cpeAM nH4HOro
COCTaea H BHeApHTb· B C03HaH11e, 4TO 3apa>KeHMe eeHepH-
4eCKHMH 6one3HSIMH B pe3ynbTaTe no.TIOBOH pacl")yLLJ,eHHO-
CTH SIBnsteTCSI rpy6eMWMM HapyweH11eM B011HCKOH AMCU,Mn-
nHHbl, npMTynneHHeM BOeHHOH H nonMTM4eCKOH 6A11Tenb-
HOCTH, n030pHOH 6e3HpaeCTBeHHOCTblO "' npecTynneHHeM
nepeA PoAHHOH H ceMbei:1, KOTOpasi c TpeneToM, rny6oKoi1
nio6oebl0 H B nOCTOSIHHOH Tpeeore B Te'leHHe 4eTb1pex
TSl>KenblX eoeHHblX neT O>KHAana 11 O>KHAaeT My>KeH, CblHO-
eeH c cppOHTa. ,lJ.o6ponopstAO'IHblH HaCTOSl~MH B011H AOn-
>KeH eepHyTbCSI K 6nM3KMM H Ha paAOCTb HM npHHeCTH c
co6oi:1 HEiH3MeHHYto nto60Bb K ceMbe.
HM B KOeM cny4ae He OMpa4MTb npa3AHHK BenHKOH
no6e,D,bl npH npeACTOSILLJ,eH BCTpe'le c 6nH3KHMH H POAHbl.;,
MM rpst3bto aMopanbHblX sieneHHH H pacnyw.eHHOCTH.
13. Beto pa6oTy nocTpOHTb u,eneycTpeMneHHO. Ka>KAOMY
MeponpHSITMto AOn>KHa npeAWeCTBOBaTb cepbe3HaSI noArO-
TOBKa, CTporoe nnaH11poeaHHe c yYeTOM ecex peanbHblX
B03MO>KHOCTei1 M TO'IHOro pacYeTa. Beto· pa6oTy 6e3oroeo-
po'IHO nOA·'IHHHTb Ha . o6ecne4eHMe . ycneWHOH eoeHHOH
195
y4e6b1. Bee AJlSI soeHHOH y4e6b1 - BOT no3yHr cerOAHstw-
Hero AHSI.
Ha npoTS1>KeH1-o.1 no4TH 4eTb1pex ner J1H4HblH cocras
HaweH AHBH3HH c 4eCTblO BblnOJ1HSIJ1 nocrasneHHble 3aAa4H
KOMaHAOBaHl1SI B ycnOBHSIX TSl>KeJlblX H KpynHblX 6oes.
KoMMYHHCTbl Hawei:f AHBH3HH c 4eCTblO sb1no11HS111H asaH-
rapAHYIO p011b B Bbln011.HeHHl1 3Tl1X 6oeBblX 3aAa4.
HaAe10cb, 4TO 11 renepb, B nep110A soeHHOH y4e6b1,
napr11HHb1e opraH113au,1111, 11 B nep-syK> 04epeAb napr11HHblH
aKTHB, np1111o>t<aT see cso11 c1111b1 11 cnoco6Hocr11 A11SI roro,
4T06bl nOM04b KOMaHA11paM CAenaTb CB011 nOApa3AeneHl1SI,
4acr11, a 3Ha411T 11 B u,enoM A11Bl1311K>, OAHOH 113 nepeAOBblX
B y4e6e 11 B011HCKOH A11CU,11nJ111He cpeA11 Haui11x rsapAeHCKl1X
4aCTeH 11 COeA11HeHl1H B np116am11Ke.
51 AOJl>KeH npeAynpeA11Tb aKTl1B, 4TO MHOK> 3asrpa
6yAeT H3AaH np11Ka3 no 4aCTSIM 11 nOApa3AeneHl1SIM A11Bl1-
311H TaKoro COAep>t<aHl1SI, 0 4eM TOJlbKO 4TO BaM AOJlO>KeHO,
TaK 4TO MHOrHe 113 sac 6yAyT HMeTb B03MO>KHOCTb CYTb
MOero AOKJlaAa 11MeTb B nl1CbMeHHOH q>opMe.
'IECTb AHBH3HH - MOH 'IECTb•
CoseTCKl1H HapoA scerAa ropAHncsi CBOHMH 6oesb1M11

TpaA11U,11SIMH. Bonpoc o TpaA11U,HSIX 6011bweBHKH Hl1KOrAa He
noH11Ma1111 OTsne4eHHO, a6cTpaKTHO. 611aropOAHaS1 6oesasi
TpaAHU,11SI - 3TO He MepTsasi pe1111Ks11si npownoro. 3ro -
6oesoe Mory4ee opy>t<11e, BblKosaHHOe 11 OTT04eHHoe s
npownoM A11SI BeJ111Kl1X 6HTB HaCTOSIW,ero 11 6yAyl!.\ero.
6oeBble TpaA11U,1111 cny>t<aT npeAMeTOM 3aKOHHOH rop-
AOCTl1 11 4ecT11 BOHHOB CosercKOH ApM1111. XpaHHTb 11
co61110AaTb 6oeBble rpaA11U,H11 - 3TO BOCnl1TblBaTb BOHHOB
TaK, 4T06bl OHl1 rOpAH1111Cb npHHaAne>KHOCTblO K nonKy H
A11BH3HH, 4T06b1 c ropAOCTblO npo113Hoc1111H Ha11MeHosaH11e
CBOeH 4aCTl1 11 Ha CKJlOHe ner CB011X paccKa3blBa1111 0 6oesoH
cnase csoe_H 4aCTH AeTSIM H BHyKaM CB011M, yKpennSISI TeM
caMblM 11Y4WHe Haw~ TpaAHU,1111 B TOJlW,e HapOAa. 3TO
3Ha411T_ - soopy>t<l1Tb A11Bl13HIO 11 nonK TaKl1M MOpanbHblM
opy>+<11eM, KOTopoe YAecsiTepsier 6oecnoco6HocTb Ka>t<Aoro
6oi:tu,a H oq>Hu,epa.
rOPAOCTb CBOeH 4aCTblO H3AaBHa SIBJlSleTCSI OAHOH 113
OCHOB ilOHHCKoro eocnHTal-!HSI.
• A·oKnaA Ha TOp>t<ecTBeHHOM co6paHMM, nc;iceJ111'eHHOM wecTo~

rOAOB1i4MHe naH4JMnOBCKOM. AMBM3MM; 9.06.45. -
196
«CnaBa 11 4ecrb MOeH A"1Bl131111, Moero no11Ka - :no
MOS! cnaBa, MOS! 4eCTb» - raKoBa crapei:iwasi BOl1HCKasi
A0611ecrb.
HaM noH SITH bl 4YBCTBa nioAeH, r0Bopsiw;11x: «SI 4anae-
Beu,», «SI raMaHeu,», «SI BOeBan noA KOMaHAOH Kol'oBcKoro»,
«SI naHcf>11110Beu,».
6oeBasi cnaBa A11Bl13Hl1 oceHsier KamAoro ee 60.:;tu,a 11
ocp11u,epa, pomAaer Maccb1 HOBblX repoeB, cnna4HBaer BOl1-
HOB B eAHHblM Mory4HH opraHH3M, nOMOraer COJlAaTy npe-
OAOJleTb 11106b1e TPYAHOcr11, a ocp11u,epy W.ymecrBeHHO pe-
warb c11omHei1w11e 3aAa411 B 6b1ry, y4e6e H B 6oio. /J,yx
o6w,HOCTH, OCHOBaHHOH Ha 4eCTH AHBH3HH, Bblpa>KaeTCSI B
crap11HHOH BOeHHOH noroBopKe, 03Ha4aiow,e.:;t BblCOKYIO 6o-
ecnoco6Hocrb Boi1cKa: «Aecsirb TblCSi4 cepAeU, B OAHOM
yAape».
3AopoBoe 4YBCTBO coBercKoi-o BOHHCKOro narp110TH3Ma
cnoco6Ho TBOpHTb 4YAeca. 4yAeca, 4YAO - HeomHAaHHOe
npOSIBJleHHe CKpblTOH. peaJlbHOCTH, co4eraHHe. YAaJllil c OT-
4aSIHl1eM. Ky11br BOHHcKoi1 4ecrH - Mory4ee cpeACTBO
cnno4eHHSI 6oi1u,oB H ocf:>Hu,epoB. · >f{HBasi · naMSITb 6b1.i'lblX
cpameHHH, repOH4eCKHX nOABHrOB BO HMS! PoAHHbl - MO-
panbHasi OCHOBa BOCftHTaHl1SI JlH4H'oro COCTaBa AHBH3HH Ha
MHOr11e rOAbl. .
6oeBaSI CJlaBa AHBl131111, 3aBoeeaHHaSI KpOBbiO repoeB Ha
nonsix cpameH11si Be11HKoi1 Ore4ecTBeHHOH BOHHl>1,__; 3TO
H·eBecoMoe, He3pHMOe, HO rp03HOe 11 caMoe Aei1crBeHl-ioe
opy'm11e.
Mb1 c4acr11Heb1 c eaMH ·AomHTb AO roi-o AHSI, KOrAa 9
Masi 1945 rOAa B AeHb no6eAbl CTOJlHU,a HaweH POAHHbl
MocKea canioroM H3 1000 opyAHH e03BeCTHna eceMy M11py
o rop>KecrBe Hawero npaeoro Aena, o Be1111Koi1 Heno6e-
,q11Moi1 CHJle COEieTCKOro HapoAa 11 ero AeTHW,a K'pacHOH
ApMl1H, 0 TOM, 4TO cnpaBeAJlHBOCTb, BO HMS! KOTOpoi:i Hawa
apMHSI no4TH 4erb1pe roAa cpamanacb Ha cppoHre H rpy-
A1111acb B Tb111y, eoci"opmecrBoeana.
·s 3TOT ,o;eHb · C:epAu,a KamAoro H3 Hae 3Aecb npHcyr-
CTBYIO~Hx, i<aK 11 y Bcex coBercKHX 11io,qe.:;t, 6b11111 npei-1c-
no11HeHbl l-ietKa3aHHOH paAOCTblO H ropAOCTblO no6eAbl 1-iaA
cpaw11CTCKOi1 repMaH11eH. Her Hl14ero 611ameHHee, KaK OT-
AaTb Ha anrapb Ore4ecrea CBOH 3HaHHSI, ceoH c1-111b1, cBoe
cepAU,e, ecnH noHaAo6Hl'tSi · H ceoio mH3Hb. B :nor AeHb Mbl
6blJlH rOpAbl C03HaHHeM 4YBCTBa HCnOJlHeHHOrO AOJlra· Ha
OAHOM "13 Kp11Tl14eCKHX :nanoe HaweH 6opb6bl BO HMS!
ceo6.oAbl.
197
<POPM"1POBAH"1E
1. Ha ocHoeaHHH npHKa3oB HapO,l:IHoro KoMHccapHaTa

06opoHbl OT 6 H 11 HIOHSI 1939 ro.t1a s ropo.t1e HosocH-
6HpcKe cj:>opMHpyeTCSI 78-si CTpenKOBaSI ,l:IHBH3HSI, B COCTaB
KOTopoi:i· BXO,£\SIT 131-H, 258-i:i, 40-H CTpenKOBble H 159-i:i
H 210-i:i aprnnnepHHCKHe nOJ1KH. 40-H CTpenKOBblH nonK
(HblHe 18-H reap,l:leHCKHH) CBOH 6oeeb1e Tpa,l:IHU,HH Be,l:leT co
epeMeH rpa>+<,l:laHCKOH eoi1Hbl Ha ,lJ,anbHeM BocroKe, KaK
aKTHBHblH H cnaeHblH y4aCTHHK HcropH4eCKHX Bono4aeecKHX
6oee. Cpa3y >Ke nepe.t1Hcnou,Hpoea8wHcb Ha ,lJ,anbHHH Bo-
croK, AHBH3HSI BXO,l:IHT e cocrae or.t1enbHOi1 KpacH03HaMeii-.
HOH apMHH H 3aHHMaer o6opoHy no rocy,l:lapcreeHHOH
rpaHHU,e Ha y4aCTKe ry6apeBO - "1MaHb. C OKT si6p51 1939
ro.t1a AHBH3HSI .t11-1c11ou,Hpyercsi e Xa6apoecKe 1-1 e cypoeb1X
ycnoeHsix ,lJ,anbHero BocroKa npoxO,l:IHT 6oeeyio no.t1roroe-
Ky, eoHHcKyio 3aKanKy. Bceo6w,yio H3BeCTHOCTb e ,lJ,anbHe-
eccro4HblX eoi1cKax AHBH3"1SI nony4Hna 06pa3u,oeo coeep-
UJHB B HIOJ1e 1941 rO,l:la B Te4eHHe ceMH cyTOK 350 K"1J10-
MeTp0BblH Mapw e HCKJ1I04HTenbHO TPYAHblX ycnoeHsix rap"'.
HO-Tae>KHOH MeCTHOCTH.
KoMaH,l:lyer AHBH3Hei1 nOJlKOBHHK Acj:>aHaCHH naeneHTbe-
BH4 E>eno6opo,l:IOB, HblHe ,t\Ba>K,l:lbl repoi1 CoeeTCKOro Co-
I03a, reHepan-nOJlKOBHHK, KOMaHAYIOW,"1H 43-11 apM"1eH. c
ero HMeHeM cesi3aHa nepeasi 6oeeasi cnaea: no.t1 KOMaH,l:IO-
eaHHeM 6e1106opo,l:IOBa ,l:IHBH3H51 Br)OCJ1e,l:ICTBH"1 BeAeT HC-
TOpH4eCKHe 6oH noA MocKeoi:i, Ha .t1anbHHX no.t1crynax K
CranHHrpaAy, 3aeoeebreaer 3eal-i~m reapAeHCKOH H Harpa>+<-
.t1aercsi opAeHOM KpacHoro 3HaMeH"1.
il o A IV\ o·c 1< Bo vi
1. 14 OKTS16psi 1941 ro.t1a B TP"1AU,aTH wecrn CKOpOCTHblX

3.UJenoHax AHBH3HSI Hanpaensiercsi e pacnopsi>+<eHHe CraeKH
BepxoeHoro rnaBHOKOMaHAOBaHHSI. 27-30 OKTS16pS1 1941
rO,l:la AHBH3HSI Bbirpy>+<aeTCSI H cocpe,l:IOT04HBaercsi B paHOHe
peKH "1crpa MocKOBCKOH o6nacrH. · Bxo.t11-1T e nO,l:l4HHeHHe
3ana,l:IH0rO cj:>pOHTa. no npHKa3y KOMaH,l:IYIOW,ero Jana,l:IHblM
cj:>poHTOM reHepana apM1-1H r. K. >KyKoea AHBH3HSI nony4i.tna
nepeyio 6oeeyio 3a,l:la4y: nO,l:lrOTOBHTb. o6opOHHT0J1bHblH
py6e>+< Ha no.t1crynax MoCKBbl, Ha BonoKonaMCKOM Hanpae-
neHHH, Ha y4acTKe --- Mapbl - Ceo60.t1a - Hoeo ,lJ,apirn-
Ho ...,.-- J e11erh-1ee().. ·
198
3ro 6~11H HaH6onee KpHT~4eC~He Ailst HaweH PoAHH~
AHH, HaH6onee Tst>Ke11b1e Ha nporst>KeHHH eceH Ore4ecreeH-
HOH BOHHbl. MocKea 6b111a noA yAapoM TaHKOBblX apMHH
nporHBHHKa, H30 AHst e AeHb Hapaw,Heat0ll.lero ceoH y Aap,
HaeHcaewero HciA MocKBOH c ceeepa, 3anaAa H ioro-3anaAa.
2. 3 HOst6pst 1941 rOAa AHBH3HSI eowna B COCTaB 16-H
apMHH reHepa11-11eHTeHa1Ha PoKoccoecKoro H e :nor >Ke
AeHb nony4Hna ceoio nepeyio 6oeeyio 3aAa4y: AeHcTByst Ha
neeoM cp,naHre apMHH, npoeecTH HacrynneHHe OAH"1M. non-
KOM c 3aAa4eH nepepe3aTb KOMMYH"1KaU,HIO npOTHBH"1Ka
Py3a - HoeonerpoecK Ha py6e>t<e MHxai1noecKoe -
noKpOBCKOe. 06cTaHOBKa K 3TOMY epeMeHH CIIO>KHilaCb
cneAyt0w,ast: npOTHBHHK, He npopeaBWHHCSI Ha ceeepe, 3aHSII1
BonoKonaMcK H nOAXOAHil K "1crpHHCKOMY BOAOxpaHHflHL!.IY,
Ha t0re nOAXOAHil K 3eeHHrOpOAY· nepeA cf>pOHTOM AHBH-
3"1H 6bl11H CI1eAyt0w,He Cl1'11bl npOTHBHHKa: 10-st HeMeU,Kast
TaHKOBast AHBH3Hst, AHB"1311st CC «PaHx», nonK AHBl13HH ·
«MepTeast ronoea». npeACTostna 3aAa4a - orpe3aTb 4acrH
10-H TaHKOBOi'.1 AHBH311H HeMu,ee OT. ee Tblna.
3. B 3.00 4 Host6pst 1941 roAa AHB"13Hst ecrynHria e
nepe~H 6oi1 c eparoM. CornacHo npHKa3y eecb 11H4H~H
cocrae 258-ro (HblHe 22-ro reapAeHCKOro nonKa) nepewen
e HacrynneHHe.
B Te4eHHe 4 H 6 HOst6pst 1941 roAa nonK ycnewHo
BbinonHHn 3aAa4y, 3axeaTHB AOpory Ha y4acrKe MHxaHnoe-
cKoe - C0eA4HHO H oenaAeB 3THMH onopHblMH nyHKTaMH
HeMu,ee, YAep>t<Hean HX AO 19 H0516pst, e ynopHblX 6osix
orpa>Kast CHilbHeHwHe KOHTpaTaKH AHBH3HH «PaHX» H 10-H
TaHKOBOH AHBH3HH HeMu,ee, peaew111xcst K MocKee. Bee
nonblTKH npOTHBHHKa BOCCTaHOBHTb nono>KeHHe H CTOIIKHYTb
AHBH3HIO c 3aHHMaeMoro py6e>t<a ycnexa He HMenH.
nepBblH 6oH AHBH3HH 6bl11 BCTpe4HblM 6oeM C npeeoc-
XOAS!ll.IHM e cHne npoTHBHHKOM. OH 3aKOH4Hncst 6necTstll.IHM
BbmonHeHHeM nocraeneHHOH 3aAa4H. B 3TOM 6ot0 pOAH-
IlHCb nepeb1e repoH AHB"13HH.
KorAa nocne rpeXAHeeHoro 6ost, o6oHAeHHblH c cpnaH-
roe 2-H 6aTailbOH 131-H (HblHe 31-H reapAeHCKHH) Kan11TaHa
BepereHHHKOea no npHKa3y · ocrae1-111 AepeeHIO Bat0XHHO,
nyneMeT4HK nerp OrHee, 3acee Ha 'KPblWe KaMeHHOro
AOMa, npHKpb1ea11 OTXOA. MHoroKparHo paHeHHblH, OH een
c eparoM MHoro4acoeoH 6oH. HeMu,1>1 6HnH no· AOMY npst-
MOH HaBOAKOH M3' HeCl<OilbKHX nywe1<, 3aTeM OOAO>KrIIM ero.
OrHee npOAOn>Kan · crpe11S1Tb 113 · · r-opeswero · AOMa.
199
.KorAa HeCKOnbKO AHer::i cnyCT$1 6aTanbOH oenaAefl Bat<>Xl'IHO,
MecTHb1e >t<111en.H- paccKa3bleanH, 4TO HeMU,bl eb1ee3nH n$1Tb
rpy3oeb1x MaWHH c TpynaMH rHTnepoeu,ee, YHH4TO>t<eHHblX
neTpOM OrHeBblM. OH - nepBblH repor::i AHBH3HH.
4. B nepHOA c 20 Hosi6psi no 6 - AeKa6psi 1941 roAa
AHBM3H$1 BeAeT repOH4eCKHe MaHeepeHHble ynopHble 060-
pOHHTeJlbHble 601-1, CAep>t<HBajl peyw,erocjl K MocKee epara.
28 H0$16p$1 1941 roAa AHBH3H$1 3aHHMaeT py6e>t< - He-
cpeAbeeo - CenHeaHHXa . - JleHHHO - Po>t<AeCTBeHo .-- H
Ha HeM CTOHT HaCMepTb. B 6HTBe 3a 3TOT py6e>t< HeMU,bl He
CMOrnH npOABHHYTbC$1 HH Ha war.
3a MeC$1U, 6oee, c 4 H0$16pjl no 3 AeKa6pjl 1945 roAa,
4aCT$1MH AHBH3HH YHH4TO>KeHO 14 270 COnAaT H ocpHu,epoe
npOTHBHHKa, 53 TaHKa, 14 caMoneTOB; 45 aBTOMaWHH. ·c
nexo.TOH "' T. A·
3a nposieneHHYIO OTBary, CTOHKOCTb, My>t<eCTBO H repo-
H3M nH_4Horo cocTaea npi.tKa30M HapoAHOro KoMHccapHaTa
o6opOHbl N2 342 .OT. 26 H0$16p$1 1941 roAa 78-si cTpenKOBa$1 1
AHBH3H$1 nepeHMeHOBblBaeTC$1 B 9-to reapAeHCKyto . CTpen..,-
KOByto -AHBH3HIO. nony4HB cooGw,eHHe 0 npeo6pa30BaHHH
. AHBH3HH B reapAeHcKyto, nH4HblH .· CiOCTae AaeT KnSITey:
«.KnsiHeMCSI ceoeto >KH3Hbto, KpOBblO HaWHX norH6W-i.tX TO-
. eapi.tw,er::i, 4TO :no CB$1W,eHHOe reapAer::icKoe .. 3HaM$1 Mbl
no6eAOHoci-10 npoHeceM 4epe3 ece 6HTeb1 c eparoM AO
,.nonHoro YHH4TO>t<eHH$1 HeMeU,KHX 3axeaT4HKQB».
, .. B 6ojlx Ha 6mt>t<HHX - nOACTynax K Moc1<ee AHBH3H51
3aeoeeana :no 3BaHHe 6naroAap$1 MaccoeoMy · repoH3MY
60.r::iu,oe H KOMaHAHpoe, HeCOKP,YWHMOH CTOHKOCTH-nH.4HOr~
COCTae.a, yMenoMy BeAet:tHIO MaHeepeHHOro H· ·n03HU.HOHHO-
ro o6opoHHTenbHOrO 6oee, C04eTajl HX c KOpOTKHMH KOH-
TPYAapaMH no- epary. B Hc1opHH AHBH3·HH· Haee4HO oc1a-
.Hy1csi-. MMeHa TaKHX repoee,. KaK -nyneMeT4HK XaMeToe,
yHH4TO>t<HBWHH. Ha nOACTynax K Moc Kee ·C.eb1we. 500 HeMu,ee,
KaK- nyneMeT4HKH 6paTb$1 4epHblWOBbl,· np,erpaAHBWHe nyTb
ABaAU,aTH aBTOMaWHHaM . c . HeMeU,KOH . MOTOnexOTOH, KaK
·.3eHHT4HKH - MnaAWHH ner:11e1:1aHT . Ky3bMHH .H . 3aMn.o-
JIHTpy.K,a l<HpHnn Bepry1:1, YHH4-TO>t<He.wMe H3 · ceoHx · c4e-
TBepeHHblX .ycTa.HOBOK CBblWe 6a·TanbOHa ., npope_aeW-H-XC~
HeM4ee, H MHOnte APYnie . conAaTbl. H · ocpi.tu,ep.b1 Hawer::i
AH-Bi.:t-3KH. .
.. KoMaHAHPCKYIO 3penocTb· H nH4HWO, ole-ary np0$1BHJIH:
KOMaHAHpb1 .6aranbOHoe·._. Kam~i"aHbl •• Pof'\C)HCB{:. 6opH(\OB;·· ·Be".'
,pe:reHHHKOB,· p;apwi.tr::i t1onli:rpyK-J)enaw~,,Ko,rAa'e -HaH6onee
:200
t<p11n14eCKl1H AeHb. 21 HOS16psi 1941 roAa cee>t<11e HeMeU.K11e
4acn1 BKJ111Hl1J111Cb B o6opoHy' TO KOMaHAl1P 18'..ro CTpen-
KOBOro nonKa no11Koe~11K KoHoeanoe 11 KOM11ccap nonKa
KpaHHIOKOB c e11HTOBKaM11 e pyKax n114HO noee/111 · 6oi:iu,oe
e aTaKy. Beeb nl14HblH cocTae nonKa, eKnt04asi paHeHbtX,
6onbHblX H TblJ10Bl1KOB, B pew11TeJ1bHOH aTaKe OCTaHOBl1J1
11 0T6poc1111 HaCTynaewero epara, eoccTaHoe11e nono>t<eHHe.
TeM caMbtM 6btna 1111Ke11A11poeaHa cepbe3Hei:iwasi onacHOCTb
npopbtea, rpo311ewasi eceMy neeoMy cpnaHry 16-i:i apM1111.
TaK 3aKOH41111csi nepebtH :nan 6opb6bt 3a Moc Key. B 3Tl1X
6osix A11Bl1311SI npOSIBHna BblCOKl1H rep0113M · 11 B011HCKYIO
3penocTb.
AHa1111311pysi 6011 3Toro nep11.0Aa ~O>KHO CKa3aTb, 4TO
6oeeyto 3aAa4y A11Bl1311SI Bbtn0J1Hl1J1a. o6pa3U.OBO, yMeno
eena 06opoH11TenbHb1e 6011 eo eceM MHoroo6pa31111 HX
Bl1AOB1 4epeAyJ1 c K0p0TKl1M11 KOHTpaTaKaMH.
U,enb BCSIKOH 06op0Hb1, · Ha MOH e3r11J1A, 3aKnto4aeTCJI
e cneAytow,eM: MeHbWl1Ml1 c11naM11 yAep>t<HeaTb npeeocxo-
AS1W,11e Cl1J1bl epara, He OT AaBaTb CB011 py6e>t<H. nepeMOJ10Tb
npOTHBHl1Ka, ocna611Tb ero, HaHeCTH' 3Ha411Te~bHble noTepH,
TO eCTb o6ecKp01!HTb. np11eeCTH nnaHbl HacTynneHHJI . H
HaCTynaTenbHblH nopbtB · npOTHBHH~a K KpyweHHIO. noArO-
TOBHTb pewHTeJlbHblH KOHTpy,o;ap ·c. u,enbtO pa3rpoMa
npOTHBHHKa.
Bee 3TH 3aAa4H · AHBH3HeH 6b11111 ebtnOnHeHbt e cno>KHblX
ycnoe1-n1x MHOrOKpaTHOH, BHe3anHOH nepeMeHbl o6cTaHOB·KH
pe3KOro nepexo,o;a OT OTCTynneHHSI K'. n03HU,HOHHOH 060-
poHe, OT n03HU,HOHHOH o6opOHbl K MaHeepeHHOH, OT Ma-
HeepeHHOH o6opOHbl K. n03HU,HOHHOH, 0.T n03HU,HOHHOH K
KOHTpHacTynneH11t0.
· Ka>t<AOMY Mano-ManbCKH. rpaMOTHOMY ·•eoeHHOMY 4eno-
eeKy nOHJITHO, 4TO ecnH n03HU,HOHHaJI o6opoHa 11MeeT
u.enbt0· ·ynopHo yAep>t<HBaTb py6e>t< no np11Hu,11ny «HH wary
Ha3aA»,. TO 3aAa4a MaHeepeHHOH o6op0Hbl - Bbl11rpaTb
epeMSll HaHeCTH npOTHBHHKY noTepH, paccTpOHTb ero 6oe-
Bb1e·. nopSIAKMi coxpaHHTb CBOH CHJlbl; AOnycKaSI noTepH
npocTpaHcTea. CTHnb, xapaKTep, MeTOAbl eeAeHHR 3THX
ABYX · BHAOB 06opoH11TenbHblX :6oee coeepweHHO · pasnH4Hbl.
Pe3KHe ·. nepexOAbl OT OAHoro · 6osi K ApyroMy Tpe6ytoT
6onbWOH opraHH30BaHHOCTM, 6btCTp0Tbl H peWHTellbHOCTH
AeHCJBHSI eoj;tcK, rny601<yt0· • npo;ii;yMaHHOCTb "acex' AeTanei:i
CO·· CJQpOHbl KOMaHAHpOB~ ··3,o;ecb :rpe6yeTCJI. :uoitbWOe .Ha'-
npsi>f<eHHe · yMa, ·c1111bi eo'i1w ·.11' 'nc11xonor11w··Kamp;oro · 60H1:4a
•201
. M oqH14epa. LlepeAOBaHMe n03ML\MOHHOH o6opOHbl c MaHe-
epeHHOH c OAHOBpeMeHHblM HaBSl3blBaHMeM npOTMBHHKY
BCTpe4HOro 6osi, C04eTaSI HX c AeHCTBMSIMH nepeAOBblX
OTPSIAOB M apbeprapAHblX 4aCTeH,- eCTb BblCWaSI H cilo>t<-
HaSI cpopMa 06opoHHTe11bHoro 6osi.
5. 7 AeKa6psi 1941 roAa noc11e MOW.HOH aprn1111ep11H-
CKOH noArOTOBKH AHBH3HSI HaHOCMT Ha ceoeM y4aCTKe co-
Kpywi.-1Te11bHblH KOHTPYAap npoTHBHHKY 11 · nepexOAHT eMe-
CTe c APYrHMH 4acTS1MH 3anaAHOro cppoHTa e pew1-1Te11bHOe
HaCTyn11eHHe.
12 AeKa6psi 4aCTH AHBH3HH, npeoA011esasi ynopHoe co-
npoT11e11eH11e, oe11a,o,eeat0T ropoAOM "1cTpa H npOAOIJ>t<atOT
c 6oeM npOABMraTl:\,CSI Ha 3anaA.
K 21 · AeKa6psi 1941 roAa AHBM311si, TeCHSI H npec11eAyS1
npoTMBHMKa Ha peKe Py3a Ha py6e>t<e HecjleAbeBKa - "1ea-
H11Ho, rAe e Te4eH1-1e Mecsi4a · eeAeT HenpepblBHb1e 601-1,
BHOBb nepeXOAMT e HacTyn11eHMe M, npec11eAyS1 epara,
BblXOAHT Ha · 3anaAHblH 6eper peKH MocKea Ha py6e>1<e
HHKOilbCKoe - fa11b1WKMHO (12 KM. eocT. p. f>t<aTcK).
6. CoeepwHe 140-KMilOMeTpOeblH Mapw, 31 siHeapsi 19'42
roAa AMBM3MSI np1-16b1eaeT e paHOH r. MeAHHb.
({ 3TOMY epeMeHM Ha 3TOM y4aCTKe cjlpOHTa C03Aa110Cb
TS1me11oe nonoM<eHHe: 33-si apMHSI, cTpeMi.-1Te11bHO l-iacTyna-
t0w,asi Ha Bsi3bMy, Bb1peaew11cb AaneKo enepeA, oKa3anacb
0Tpe3aHHOH eparoM. ,ll,i'1BM3HSI, BOWeAWaSI B COCTaB 43-H
apM:.1"1 y4acTeyeT B BblnOJlHeHHH OTBeTCTBeHHOH 3aAa4H no
BOCCTaHOBJleHMIO nOJlO>fCeHHSI.
B re4eHHe cpeepansi - Mapra AHBH3MSI eeAeT ynopHble
11 rsi>Ke11b1e 601-1 Ha nOACTynax K peKaM Yrpa 11' Bopsi, ·Ha
py6eme KOTOpblX HeML\bl nocTpo11,1M np04HYIO o6opoHy,
MMe~ 3aAa4y npopeaTbCSI K 0Tpe3aHHblM 4aCTSI¥ 33-H
apMHH,
B xoAe H~wero HaCTyn11eH"1S1 noA MocKeOH 3TH 601-1
SIBHm'1Cb. OAH"1MM H3 Ha1o16011ee Kpoeonp01111THblX, ynopHblX
M O>KeCT04eHHblX. ,ll,ocTaT04HO yKa3aTb, 4TO Cl111bHblM onop-
HblM nyHKT 3axapoeo aTaKOBaJlCSI 12 pa3 pa3JlH4HblM"1 co-
eAJ.1HeHHSIMH 43-H apMMH. B cpeepalie AHBH3HSI oe11aAeEi.aeT
3THM onopHbfM nyHKTOM H psiAOM APYrMx Hace11eHHblX
nyHKTOB M eb1XoAHT Ha py6e>t< peKH Bopsi.
3a nepHOA 6oeeblX AeHCTBMH c 1 cpeeam1 no 15 anpem1
1942 rOAa LlaCTSIMH AMBH3HH YHHLITO>KeHO AO 3600 HeMe4-
.KMX CQJlAaT. M OcjJMu,epoe, 3aieea4eHO 24 opyAHSI, 52 nyne-
MeTa, M AJ)yrasi rexHHKa epara. ·
202
7. TaKl1M o6pa30M, e 6osix noA Moc1<eoi1 1111"!Hb1i1 cocTae
A11Bl131111 npOS181111 cnoco6HOCTb He TOllbKO CTOHKO 11 My>t<e-
CTBeHHO o6opOHSITbCSI, HO 11 BblCOKYIO cnoco6HOCTb npopbl-
eaTb o6opoHy npOTHBHl1Ka 11, 6b1CTp0 MaHeep11pysi, OKpy-
>KaTb 11 YHl1"fTO>KaTb epara.
WTa6b1, ocpr.1u,epc1<11H cocTae, cTpenKH, apT111111ep11cTb1,
pa3BeA"fHK11, CBSl3HCTbl, canepbi npow1111 6oeeyio WKE)Jly 11
np1106pem1 Haeb11<11 Ha none cpa>1<eii11si.
YKa30M npe311A11YMa BepXOBHOro CoeeTa CCCP OT 3
Masi 1942 roAa 3a A0611ecTHb1e 11 6oeeb1e Aena 9-si reap•
AeHc1<asi A11BH3HSI Harpa>KAaeTcsi opAeHOM KpacHoro 3Ha-
MeHH, a 23-H reapAeHCKHH CTpe11t<OBblH no111< OpAeHOM
JleHHHa.
BTopoi1 :nan 6opb6b1 3a cepAu,e PoAHHbl - Moct<ey, e
KOTOpOM A11BH311SI lip11H11Ma11a at<Tl1BHOe y"faCTHe HenocpeA-
CTBeHHO Ha nepeAOBblX no311U,HSIX, 3aeepweH.
IOf0-3AnA,D.HblVI ct>POHT
1. K 11eTy 1942 roAa u,eHTp rpaHAH03HOi1 61-Heb1

nepeMecnrncsi Ha ior. 29 Masi 1942 roAa AHBl1311SI nepe-
AHC11ou,11pyeTcsi Ha IOro-3anaAHblH cppoHT, rAe BXOAHT e
COCTae 38-H apM1111, no11y"f11B 3aAa"fy o6opOHSITbCSI Ha pet<e
5011bWOH 5yp11y1< Ha y"facrne: Kaw11H - JleHHHt<a - Kpei1-
AeHt<a (pai1oH KynsiHct<).
11 11IOHSI 1942 rOAa Ha y"faCTKe A11Bl131111 HeMU,bl ne-
pew1111 e HacTyn11eH11e.
B 3TOT AeHb OA"1H 111-1wb 22-11 reapAeHCKHH no111< eb1-
Aep>1<a11 "feTbrpe aTa1<11 1SO TaHt<oe npOT"1BH"1t<a 111 no111<a
MOTOneXOTbl. np1-1 3TOM 6bt110 YHl1"fTO>KeHO AO 600 r11T 11e-
poeu,ee "1 31 TaHK. no11K n0Tepsi11 AO 50 npou,eHTOB 11"1"fHOrO
cocTaea, HO epara He nponycTt-111. HacTyn11eH1-1e HeMu,es
3AeCb 6bl110 np11ocTaHOB11eHO.
2. reHepa11bHOe HaCTyn11eH11e Ha CTa11"1HrpaA Ha"fallOCb
22 HIOHSI. 1942 rOAa B 3 "!aca 30 Ml1HYT. npoTHBHl1K,
nepeAOBblM"1 "faCTSIM"1 BblHASI Ha py6e>K p. 5011. 5yp11yt<,
cocpeAOTO"f"111 t<pynHble C"11lbl nexOTbl H TaHKOB 11 np11
Macc1-1poeaHHOH nOAAep>1<1<e c B03Ayxa nepewen e HacTyn-
11eH11e e ceeepHOM Hanpae11eH1111 .Ha Banyi1t<H, e IO>KHOM Ha
KynsiHct<. Ha neeoM cpnaHre AHBH3Hl1 npoTHBHHK HaHec
rnaeHblH YAap e CTblt< Me>KAY 31-M CTpe111<0BblM no11KOM
H 34-11 6p11raAoi1, e pe3y11bTaTe "!ero AHBH3HSI t< 11cx0Ay AHSI
OKa3anacb OTpe3aHHOH OT Apyr11x COeAHHeHHH 38"-H apMHM,
HO np0Ao11>1<ana eecTH .6oi1 e no11yo1<py>KeH11i.t. Ha cppo!'fie
203
A11Bl131H1 K Ha4a11y HeMe4Koro HacTyn11eHl1SI CJ10>1<11,J10Cb
TaKoe coOTHoweH11e c1111: OA11H Haw nexoT11He4 · npoT11e
B0CbM11 npOTl1BHl1Ka, apT111111ep11si - OAHO npOTl1B 4EHb1pex,
TaHKl1 - OA11H npoT11e wecT11, caM011eToe y Hae He 6b1110,
a y epara 11x 6b1110 150. Jl11wb 3a · OA11H AeHb - 22
11IOHSI - 3aperncTp11poeaHO 1500-1600 caMOJ1eTO-BblJ1eTOB
epara Ha Haw11 6oeeb1e nopsiAKl1. B 3Tl1X yc11oe11six 4acT11
Al1e1131111 repo114CK11 cpa>1<a1111cb, eeAsi apbeprapAHble 6011
e cocTaee 38-H apM1111.
3.c BblXOAOM Ha peKy 0CKOJ1 A11Bl1311SI 3aHl1MaeT
o6opoHy no ee BOCT04HOMY 6epery, eeAsi TS1>1<e11b1e 6011
c npeeocXOASIW,11Ml1 c1111aM11 epara, KOTOpblH nepeA cppoH-
TOM A11Bl131111 cocpeAOT0411J1 AO Tpex nexOTHblX A11Bl1311H
c 60-IO TaHKaMl1.
6011 Ha iore npoTeKan11 e TS1>1<e11b1x ycnoe11six a6cont0r-
Horo npeeocxoAcTea c1111 npoT11eH11Ka .. OTXOASI c 6osiM11,
CAep>1<11easi TaHKl1 11 MOTonexoTy epara Ha npoMe>t<yT04HblX
py6e>1<ax, 4acrn Al1e1131111 9 11t011si 1.942 roAa nocne 70-
KMnoMeTpoeoro Mapwa .3aHsi1111 o6opoHy Ha py6e>1<e 6aKaH
B paHOHe KaH'reM11poeKa. 11 11IOJ1SI 1942 rOAa nocne Tpex-
4acosoro O>KeCT04eHHOro 6osi A11Bl1311SI no np11Ka3Y OTXOA11T
Ha ,ll,oH, e pai:ioH K11e4KOH, rAe 3aHsina o6opoHY Ha so-
CT04HO.M 6epery, Hl1 wary He 0TcTyn11e OT ,ll.oHci<oro py-
6ema, 3aw,11w,asi AanbH11e noAcTynb1 K Cran11HrpaAY·
. 3a repo114ecK11e 6011 Ha iore A11Bl1311SI no11y41111a 6na-
roAapHOCTb OT Mapwana CoeeTcKoro Coio3a T11MoweHKO.
Bo11Hbl A11Bl131111 e TS1>1<enb1x 6osix 3ac11y>1<111111 no4eTHYtO
MeAanb «3a o6opoHy CTa1111HrpaAa».
60111 3A BEJlllll{lllE JlYKl'1
1. 12 OKTsi6psi 1942 roAa, nocne nonyropaMecsi4Horo

nepecpopM11poeaH11S1 11 6oeeoJ;i y4e6b1, A11e11311si np116b11laeT
Ha Ka1111H11HcK11H cppoHT 11, eOHASI e cocTae 3.;.J;t yAapHoi::i
apM1111 reHepana ra11114Koro, Al1CJ10411pyeT.CSI, B paHOHe Be:..
J111Kl1X JlyK. ..
24 Hcisi6psi 1942 fOAa aeaHrapAHblH nonK A11BH31111, 1a..:J;t
rsapAeHCKl1H cTpenKoebiH nonK, nepeXOA11T 8 H·acTynneHl-ie
e HanpaeneH1111 rnaeHoro YAapa 11 ·i< 8e4epy 3aH11MaeT
onopHble nyHKTbl npornBHl1Ka '6oi-opOA"14KOe - ,ll.yA11HO.
C1111bHeHwasi BenHKonyi<cKasi o6opoHa npoT11eH11Ka TaKl1M
o6pa30M 0Ka3a11acb npopeaHHOH !ia y4aCTKe 9 nonKa.
nepeb1H 11 rnaeHblH yAap npopb1ea, 06ecne411sw11J;t oK-
py>1<eH11e ecel1 Be11HK011yKci<oM rpyrin11pOBKl1 HeM4ee, Ha-
204
HOCHT 18-11 rBapAel1cKHH CTpe11KOBbll1 KpaCH03HaMeHHbll1
no11K noA KOMaHAOBaHHeM no11KOBHHKa KoHApaTeHKO.
6011bWYIO p011b Cb1rpa11a T04HaSI pa6oTa AHBH3HOHHblX pa3-
BeA4HKOB noA KOMaHAOBaHHe.M CTapwero 11eiheHaHTa
,lJ,MHTpHeBCKOro, KOTOpble o6ecne4HJ1H onepaU,HIO npaBAH-
BblMH AaHHblMH o xapaKTepe o6opOHbl Bpara, pacno110>1<e-
HHl1 y3110B conpoTHB11eH11si, onopHblX nyHKTOB, CHCTeMbl
OrHSI H HH>KeHepHoro coopy>t<eHHSI H npenSITCTBHl1.
Pewaiouwio po11b B 3TOM 6oio Cb1rpa11 2-11 6aTa11bOH
18-ro no11Ka, Ae11cTBOBaBwHl1 npoTHB u,eHTpa HeMeu,Kol1
o6opoHbl. Ha nepBOM 3Tane 6osi BOHHbl Bcex Tpex 6aTaJ1b-'
OHOB no11Ka 6blJ1H npH>t<aTbl yparaHHblM OrHeM npOTHBHHKa.
Ka3a11ocb, HacTyn11eH11e . copBaHo. KorAa 06 3TOM y3Ha11
KOMaHAHP 2-ro 6aTaJ1bOHa KanHTaH HHK011al1 r a11bnHH, Ha-
XOAS1W.Hl1CS1 B TO BpeMSI Hci ne4eHHH B MeACaH6aTe, OH
c6e>1<a11 H3 Hero 11, npo6paBWHCb B 6oeBb1e nopsiAKH cBoero
6aTa11bOHa, J1H4HO noBell 6aTaJ1bOH B aTaKy, HeMU,bl 6blJ1H
c6HTbl c K11t0YeBol1 BblCOTbl H HacTynneHHe pa3BepHynocb.
BcneA 3a 3THM .r11aBHb1e CHJlbl AHBH3HH nepepe3alOT >1<e-
11e3HYIO AOport HoBOCOKOJlbHHKH - HeBe11b, HoBocoKonb-
HHKH - BenHKHe JlyKH, 3aHHMalOT >1<e11e3HOAOpO>t<HYIO
CTaHU,HIO ryw.HHO H Op11bl, TeM caMblM o6ecne4HBalOT
OKpy>t<eHHe BeJ1HKOJ1YKCKOl1 rpynnHpOBKH. ,lJ,HBH3HSI B Te4e-
HHe 4eTb1pex AHel1 BeAeT 6011. Ha YHH4TO>t<eHHe OKpy>t<eH-
HOro Bpara.
2. 0AHaKO, CTpeMSICb 'J1i06ol1 u,eHol1 npo6HTbCSI K OK-
py>t<eHHOMY rapHH30Hy, HeMu,b1, Ha4HHasi c 7 AeKa6pS1,
e>t<eAHeBHO no HeCKOJlbKY pa3 aTaKylOT ·H3BHe. ,lJ,HBH3HSI
pa3BOpa4HBaeTcSI AllSI 0Tpa>1<eHHS1 KOHTPYAapoB c 3aAaYel1:
YAep>t<aTb KOJlbU,O Bo 4TO 6b1 TO HH cTa110. Ha yyacTKe
AHBH3HH HeMU,bl BBe1111 B 6011 CBe>1<yt0 3-io erepcKyt0
ropHO-CTpenKOBYIO AHBH3HIO, 20-IO MOTOAHBH3HIO, 391-ne-
XOTHYIO AHBH3HIO H AO 200. TaHKOB, HO ycnexa He HMeJlH.
1 S1HBapS1 1943 roAa HeMeu,KHl1 rapHH30H Be11HKHX JlyK
BO rnaBe co .CBOHM Ha4ciJ1bHHKOM nOJlKOBHHKOM cPoH 3ac-
COM KanHTyn11poBan. 0AHaKO ynopHbll1 HaTHCK HeMu,ee c
BHeWHe11 CTOpOHbl KOJlbU,a npOA011>1<aeTcS1. HacKOJlbKO Be-
nHKH 6blJ1H norepH cpaWHCTOB B 3TOM 6oio H HaCKOJlbKO
6bl11a TBepAa CTOl1KOCTb 4acTel1 AHBH3HH MO>t<HO CYAHTb no
TenerpaMMe YneHa BoeHHoro CoBeTa 3-11 Y AapHo11 apMHH
reHepana JlH'i'BHHOBa: . «lOJlbKO 3a OAHH .AeHb 6 ~HBapSI
npontBHHK .B pe3Y.r'bTaTe ynopHoro conpoTHB11eHHS1 Haw11x
LfaCTeH nol-epM 6oilee 2500 C011AaT H OcpHu,epoB. · f epMaH-
205
CKOe BepXOBHOe KOMaHAOBaHHe ripHKa3ano CBOHM 4aCTSIM
AaTb o6bSICHeHHe, n04eMy OHH noHeCnH TaKHe orpOMHble
no1epH. AoeeAHTe AO ceeAeHHSI eceMy nH4HOMY coc1aey
3Ha4eHHe >t<ene3Horo ynopc1ea H c1ol1KOCTH e o6opoHe.
Tpe6yt0 ew,e ynopHee H 6ecnoll.laAHee HCTpe6nsiTb HeMeu.-
KHX 6aHAHTOB, nepeMaJlblBaTb HX >KHBYIO· CHny H TeXHHKy».
AHBH3HSI e pe3ynh1a1e 3THX 6oee pa36Hna 83-tO nexo1-
Hyt0 AHB~3HIO HeMu.ee, 343-11 oxpaHHbll1 6a1anbOH, nonK
wecH-iCTBOJlbHblX MHHOMeTOB, HaHecna 3Ha4HTeJ1bHble no1e-
pH 3-11 ropHol1 erepcKOl1 AHBH3HH, 291-11 nexOTHOl1 AHBH3HH
H 20-11 MOTOAHBH3HH .
.D.HBH3HSI B 3THX 6osix oceo6oAH11a 54 HaceneHHblX nyH-
KTa, HeCKOnbKO . >Kene3HOAopO>t<HblX CTaHU,Hl1, 3axea1Hna
6onhwoe . Kon1o14ec1eo 1pocpeee, YHH4TO>t<Hna AO 13 300
HeMeU,KHX COJ1AaT H ocpHu,epoe.
BenHKonyKcKasi · onepau,Hsi AHBH3HH xapaK1epHa cneAy-
IOll.\HM: Ha nepeoM :nane e nonoce Hac1ynneHHS1 AHBH3HH
HaXOAHJlCSI OAHH H3 CHJ1bHel1wHX Ha coeeTCKO-repMaHCKOM
cppOHTe o6opOHHTeJ1bHbll1 py6e>t< npOTHBHHKa c 3apaHee
nOAfOTOBJleHHblMH y3naMH conpqTHBJleHHSI, c Cl1J1bHO pa3-
BHTOl1 orHeeol1 Cl1CTeMol1, c BblABHHYTblM enepeA MOW,HblM
onopHblM y3noM conpo111eneHHS1 6oropOAHU.KOe. TaKHM o6-
pa30M, nepeA AHBH3Hel1 HaXOAHJlaCb ycoeepweHCTBOBaH-
HaSI, 3apaHee nOAfOTOBJleHHaSI H rny6oKo 3WeJ10H11poeaH-
HaS1 o6opoHa, HaCblll.\eHHaSI npOTJ.1BOnexOTHblMH 11 npOTl1BO-
TaHKOBblMl1 orHeBblMJ.1 cpeACTBaM11. Ha 3TOM 3Tane AHBl13HSI,
npopeae o6opoHy, noKa3ana eb1coK11l1 Hac1yna1enbHb1l1 no-
pb1e H Mac1epc1eo Hac1yna1e11bHOro 6osi.
Ha e1opoM 31ane 4ac1H AHBH3HH, 01pa>1<asi c1111bHel1wHl1
HaTHCK npeBOCXOASlll.\11X CHn epara, BHOBb noKa3anH CBOIO
HeyBS1AaeMyt0 >t<ene3HYIO CTOl1KOCTb H ynopCTBO B o6opoHe.
601-1 3A ,&YXOB~lllHY 1-1 HA Bl-1TE6CKOM HAnPABJlEHJ..11-1
17 aeryc1a 1943 roAa AHBH3HSI e

coc1aee 39-11 apMHH
reHepana 6ep3apl'!Ha nepewna e Hac1yn11eHHe Ha Ayxoe-
W.HHCKOM. H~npaeneH1111 H, ' npeOAOneeasi conpo1i.te11eH11e
nporneH1o11<a, npopeae rny6oKo 3we110H11poeaHHyt0 o6opoHy
HeMu,ee, Bb1w11a e TaK Ha3b1eaeMb1e CMoneHCKHe eopo1a
M Ha4ana npecneAOBaTb npOTJ.1BHJ.1Ka. )J,HBM31-Ul CBOMMJ.1 60-
e&blMM Ael1CTBJ.1SIMH COAel1c1eoea11a 3aHSITMIO rr .Ayxoew,H-
Hbl, .Slpu,eeo H CMoneHcK. 3a nep110A Hac1yn11eHMS1 Ha
8MTe6cKOM HanpaeneHMH AHBH3HSI ocso6<>AH/h~ OT rnrne-
•206
poEiCKHX. 3aXBaT4HKOB AO 200 HaceneHHblX· nyHKTOB,- nepe-
pe3ana TPH woccei:iHblX MarncTpa1111 11 0T6poc1111a Ha 135
KHJ10MeTpOB. npol'HBHHK nOTep5111 B 3THX 6051X 6onee
10 000 COJJAaT H ocp11u,epoB .
.51pKoi:i xapaK·Tep11cTHKOH 11 ou,eHKOH 6oeBblX Aei:ic1e11i:i
4aCTeH AHBH3HH Ha 3TOM HanpaeneHHH MoryT CI1Y}f{"1Tb 6011
e pai:ioHe IOpYKO 11 nocne - B11Te6cK - Cypa}f{, Ha KOTO-
poM 3a TPH AH51 6oes 6b1110 yHHYTO>KeHo YaCT51MH A11BH3HH
37 TaHKOe npOTHBHHKa.
B 6o51x Ha B11Te6cKOM HanpaeneHHH BOHHbl noKa3an11
HCKJ1to4HTenbHOe My>1<ec1eo - c1apw11i:i cep>t<aHT B.naAH-
MHp CMHpHOB (nbl>KHblH 6aTanboH) 11 reapA11H p51AOBOH
Bac111111i:i Conoebee (31-i:i nonK) noerop11n11 nOABHr AneK-
caHApa Marpocoea,. 3aKpb1B CBOHM TeJIOM aM6pa3ypy AOTa,
11 o6ecne4HI1H · npOABH>1<eH11e Haw11x Yacrei:i. 06011M no-
CMeprHo npHCBOeHbl 3HaHH51 repos:i CoeeTCKoro Cot03a.
601-1 3A nP"16AJlT"1KY
23 HtOHs:i 1944 roAa coeMecrHo c APYrHMH coeAHHeHJ.1-

51MH 1-ro np116a11THHCKOrO cppOHTa, nepeu.ieAWr-iX B o6w,ee
HacTyn11eH11e, AHBH3J.151, BOHA51 e . npopbre 11 cpopc11poeae
peKy 3anaAHas:i ,l1,e11Ha e pai:ioHe Be>KeHKOBHYH, HaYHHaer
npecneAOBaTb npoTHBHHKa 11 e pai:ioHe n. MeHbl ecrpe4aer
opraHH30BaHHOe conpoT11eneH11e. B pe3ynbTaTe pew1-11e11b-
Horo HacrynneHH51 YaCT51MH A-HBH3HH 6b111 no11HOCTbt0 pa3-
rpoMneH 5-H naTblWCKHH no1111u,eHCKl1H nonK. npoAOll>l<a51
npecneAOBaTb epara, YacTH AHBH3HH 3ae513a1111 cepbe3Hble
6011 y HaceneHHOrO nyHKTa n11t0CCa B paHOHe ,lJ,BHHCKa C
npeBOCXOASIW,HMH CHnaMH npOTHBHHKa, KOTOpblH nblTaeTC51
OKPY>KHTb 11 YHH4TO>t<"1Tb Haurn YacTH.
B cepeAHHe 11t0115! 1944 roAa AHBH3H51 eCTyriaeT e npe-
Ae11b1 J111TOBCKOH CCP 11 HaYHHaeT 6011 3a oceo60>1<AeH11e
CoeeTCKOH np116anrnKH.
17 1-1t011s:i Haw11 . YaCTH cpopc1-1pyt0T p. MeMenb, eeAyT
HacTynaTe11bHb1e 6011 e pai:ioHe PaABHnHWKHCH 11 o6opoHH"
TenbHble 6011 e pai:ioHe ,l1,o6e.ile (3anaAHee E11raeb1). 3rn
6011 xapaKTepHbl TeM, 4TO YaCTH AHBH3HH npHHHMaJ1H Ha
ce6s:i c1111bHb1e TaHKOBble YAapbl epara, epeMeHaMH nepe-
XOA51W.He B KOHTpHac,rynneHHe. Bee OT4al'IHHble nonblTKH
HeMu,ee oT6pocHTb HawH Yacn1 ycnexa He 11Men11. ,lJ,ocTa-
TOYHO CKa3aTb,. \-tTO B pai:ioHe ,l1,06e11e 3a 4eTb1p_e AHSI 6oe.e
Ha yyac:rne- AHB_M3"1H. npoTH,eoi:aHKOBblM Al-:IBH3HOHOM, Kan"1-
207
raHa Kanp1111osa 11 apr111111ep11craM11 28-ro aprno11Ka 6b1110
YHl14TO>+<eHo 39 raHKOB 113 rpynnb1, HaHocsiw,ei1 KOHTPYAap
B Hanpas11eH1111 Ha Enrasy. KoHTPYAap - Hacryn11eH11e Ha
Enrasy npor11sH11Ka - 6b111 copsaH.
4 oKrsi6psi 1944 roAa A11Bl1311SI s cocrase 2-ro rsapAei1-
CKoro crpe11Kosoro Kopnyca cocpeAOT041111acb Ha py6e>+<e
peK11 BeHra, toro-3anaAHee ropoAa Way11sii1. Ha paccsere
5 OKTS16psi 1944 roAa BHe3anHblM yAapoM A11Bl1311SI cpop-
c11posa11a BeHTY 11 npopsana MOW,Hyto o6opoHy npor11sH11Ka
Ha Hanpas11eH1111 rnasHoro yAapa.
nocne npopb1Ba Ha4anocb opraH113osaHHoe npec11eAo-
saH11e npOTl1BHl1Ka. 1-11 6aTaJ1bOH 1'8-ro no11Ka Ha Maw11Hax
no npoce1104Hb1M AOporaM 6b111 or6poweH Ha 30 K11110MeT-
pos BnepeA, c 6oeM OBJlaAeJl BTOpblM npoMe>KyT04HblM
py6e>+<OM,< o6opOHbl HeM4es, J111Wl1B 11X B03MO>KHOCTl1 BeCTl1
Aa11bHei1wee conpor11s11eH11e.
noA YAapaMl1 4acrei1 A11Bl131111 npOTl1BHl1K BblHY>KAeH
6b111 OTKaT11TbCS1 B nonoce Hawero Hacryn11eH11S1 3a >1<e11e3-
Hyto AOpory P11ra - Jl116asa Ha py6e>1<e craH41111 Koc6op11 -
Bai1H eAe. c BblXOAOM 4acrei1 apM1111 Ha >Kene3HYIO AOpory
P11ra - Jl116asa 6b1110 3asepweHo 0Kpy>1<eH11e Kyp11S1HACKoi1
rpynn11posK11 HeM4es B cocrase 36 A11BM311i1.
3a ycnewHblM npopblB .o6opOHbl HeM4es toro-3anaAHee
Waynsisi, 3a yMeH11e 11 My>Kecrso, nposis11eHHb1e 11114Hb1M
COCTaBOM, 31-11 rsapAeHCKl1H crpenKOBblH nOJlK 6blJ1 YAOC-
TOeH npas11re11bCTBeHHoi1 HarpaAbl - opAeHa · KpacHoro
3HaMeHl1.
C oceHHei1 pacnyr114ei1 1944 r~Aa Ha411Haercsi 3asep-
watow,11i1 nep110A 1111KB11Aa41111 0Kpy>1<eHHOi1 Kyp11S1HACKOM
rpynn11posK11 B TPYAHblX · yc11os11six 11ec11cro-6011or11croi1,
pe3KO nepece4eHHOM MeCTHOCTl1 B 3TOM 4aCTl1 np116a11n1K11
c r11y60KO 3we110H11posaHHOH "1 BeCbMa HaCblW,eHHOH >KMBOM
Cl1J10M "1 TeXHMKOH o6opoH~ npOTl1BHMKa Ha BCIO r11y61-1Hy
AO caMoro CMHero MOpSI - 6a11TMKl1. no YT04HeHHblM pa3-
BeAb1BaTeJ1bHblM AaHHblM np1-16a11TMKY o6opOHSIJ111 BblWKO-
JleHHble, caMble A11c411n1111H11posaHHb1e soiicKa rMT 11epos-
cKoi1 apMMM - KaApOBblH COCTaB c wecTMJleTHMM 6oesblM
OnblTOM, B 1941-1943 rOAaX AeHCTBOBaBWMe Ha JleHMH-
rpaACKOM HanpasneHM.M, 411c11eHHOCTbto AO no11yM1-111111-10H·a
conAaT 1-1 ocp1-14enos. B yc11os1-1six Kyp11S1HAMl1 11cK11to4a11ocb
n0Hsir11e TaKTl14ecKoro M onepaTMBHOro npocropa - 3AeCb
Ha BCIO r11y.611Hy Ka>+<AaSI COnKa, Ka>KAblH nepeKpecTOK
AOpor, Ka>KAblH HaceneHHblM nyHKT npeACTaBJ1SIJ1. "13 ce6si
208
opraHH30BaHHblH onopHblH nyHKT c 6poHeBblMH. nositaMH,
4aCTO nOAAep>KHeaeMblMH CHJlbHblM nOABH>KHblM pe3ep-
BOM. 3AeCb Ka>KAblH KHJlOMerp npeACTaem111 H3 ce6si
rny6oi<o 3WeJ10HHpoeaHHYIO TaKTH4eCKYIO 30Hy, rpe6y-
t0~yt0 npopb1Ba MeTOAOM B3110Ma CHJlbHO yKpen11eHHblX
paHOHOB.
noeropsit0, 4TO Mbl B Kyp11S1HAHH HMeJlH Ae/10 c cpo11bK-
wrypMOM, He c TOTaJlbHHKaMH, a c caMblMH CTOHKHMH
KaApOBblMH 4aCTSIMH BOHCK r1-1r11epoecKOH apMHH.
,D,eno He e npocrpaHcree. 601-1 Hciwi-tx 4acreH Ha Kyp-
11SIHACKOM no11yocrpoee CJlaBHbl TeM, 4TO TSl>Ke11b1; OHH
rpe6oea11H HaHBblCWero Hanpsi>KeHHSI yMa, B011H H 4YBCTBa
Ha ecex 3Tanax or Ha4a11a AO KOHU,a.
B pe3y11brare siHeapcKoro yAapa BOHCK 1-r6 H 2-ro
E>e11opyccKHX cppoHTOB HaWH BOHCKa Ha WHpOKOM cppoHTe
BblWJlH I< 0Aepy B ee cpeAHeM Te4eHHH.
,D,11si np1-1ocraHoe11eHHS1 Hacryn11eHHS1 HawHx BOHCK He-
Meu,Koe KOMaHAOBaHHe roroe1-1110 YAapHyt0 rpynn1-1poeKy
B CeeepHOH noMepaHHH, nnaHHpysi HaHeCTH CHJlbHblH KOH-
rpyAap no BHyrpeHHHM cp11aHraM 1-ro. H 2-ro E>e11opyccKHX
cppoHTOB. B ~THX u,e11six nporHBHHK HaMe4a11 eb1eecr1-1 H3
Kyp11S1HAHH wecrb-ceMb nexoTHblX AHBH3HH. 3roH rpynne
BOHCK CTaBHJlaCb 3aAa4a CKOBaTb HaWH BOHCKa, coxpaHHTb
3a co6oH 3aHHMaeMblH nnaU,AapM, a BblCB060AHBWHecsi
AHBH3HH nepe6pOCHTb B noMepaHHIO. B 3TOH o6craHOBKe
HaWeH AHBH3HH, KaK H ApyrHM COeAHH0HHSIM apMHH cppoH-
Ta, CTaBHJlaCb 3aAa4a: eocnpenSITCTBOBaTb CHSITHIO c cppoHTa
H OTnpaeKe B noMepaHHIO HaMe4eHHblX AHBH3HH; CKOBaTb
CH11Y npOTHBHHKa, HaBSl3blBaSI eMy 6ecnpepb18Hble 601-1,
JlHWl'ITb ero B03MO>KHOCTH Ma11eHWeH nepeAblWKH, OKpy-
>KaTb 1-1 YHH4TO>KaTb no 4acrsiM, reM CC!MblM JlHWHTb 803-
MO>KHOCTH ornpaeHTb HaMe4eHHYIO rpynnHpOBKY BOHCK B
noMepaHHIO.
• • •
C11aeHblH 6oeeoH nyrb npow111-1 4acr1-1 HaweH AHBH3HH.
0HH H3BeAa11H rope4b TSl>KeJlblX o6opOHHTeJ1bHblX 6oee,
n03HaJ1H CJlaAKYIO H CBSl~eHHYIO paAOCTb no6eAbl, y4ac-
TB08a11H B rpaHAH03HblX HCTOpH4eCKHX cpa>KeHHSIX, Ha eeKa
BOWeAWHX B HCTOpHIO 4eJ10Be4ecrea. HawH BOHHbl Mecsi-
u,aMH ynopHO H HaCTOH4HBO 6opo11HCb c eparoM Ha Ma110-
3aMeTHblX y4acrKax, O>Kecro4eHHO or61-1ea111-1 y epara rnyx1-1e
9 -148
209
xy1opa, HeH3BeCTHbte -AepeeywKH, 6e3blMSIHHble. BblCOTbl,
nepeKpecTKH KOMMYHHKaU,HOHHblX H poKaAHblX nyTeH. Ho
Ka>KAblH y6HTblH . HaWHMH BOHHaMH HeMe4, i<a>KAaSI 6e3bl-
MSIHHaSI BblCOTa 6blJlH AOporoH K no6eAe, WHpOKHM H
yeepeHHblM warOM K 6ep11HHy.
B KpoeaebtX 6osix, e orHe eenHKHX H Ma11b1x 61-11e
KOBallHCb H pO>KAallHCb OnbtT, yMeHHe, c11aea, eeJlHKHe
1paAHL1HH AHBH3HH H no11Koe Haw1-1x. 0HH - 301101oe 3a-
eew,aHHe rpSIAYW.HM nOKOJleHHSIM. 0HH HanHCaHbl KpOBblO
CJlaBHblX repoee, nOTOM TblCS14 coeeTCKHX JllOAeH, cpa>Kae-
WHXCSI nOA 3HaMeHeM AHBH3HH.
Haw AOllr - 3aKpenHTb 3TH 1paAHL1HH, CAenaTb HX TOH
MOry4eH CHJlOH, KOTOpasi 6yAeT eocnHTblBaTb HOBbte H
HOBbte TSICSl4H BOHHOB - naTpHOTOB, AOCTOHHblX npeeMHH-
KOB HaWHX repOH4eCKHX 60H4oe H ocp1-1u,epoe.
dbl c LIEClblO BblnOnHHn CBOllt AOnf»•
3ApaeCTBYHTe, TOBapHW,H! 51 npMwe11 c BaMH noroeo-

pHTb 0 nocneAHHX co6btTHSIX, KOTOpbte HMelOT pewaiow,ee
3Ha4eHHe A11S1 61-1orpacp1-11-1 i<a>1<11oro H3 eac, eaweH ceMbH,
eawHx pOAHTeneH, eawHx AeTeH. Ko1opbte HMelOT pewa-
iow,ee 3Ha4eHHe A11SI rocyAapc1ea, AllSI Hawero HapoAa, A11S1
Hawe!;t KpacHOH ApMHH. Ko1opbte onpeAellSIT nepcneKTHBY
HaweH rocyAapc1eeHHOCTH, HaweH 3KOHOMHKH, npOMblW-
11eHHOCTH, ce11bcKoro xo3siJ;ic1ea, HaweJ;i KYllbTYPHOH H no-
JlHTH4eCKOH >KH3HH. Ko1opb1e oKa>KyT orpoMHOe e11HS1HHe Ha
Haw ceMeHHblH 04ar, Ha Haw 6btT H Ha ncHXOJlOrHIO HaWHX
nt0AeH. B cesi31-1 c no6eAOHOCHbtM OKOH4aHHeM eoHHbl · c
fepMaHHeH H 51nOHHeH H ycTaHOBJleHHeM MHpa BO BCeM
MHpe Hawa CTpaHa ec1yn1-111a B HOBblH HCTOpH4eCKHH ne-
pHOA ceoero pa3Bl1THSI. B nepHOA MHpHoro c1po1-11e11bCTBa,
BOCCTaHOBJleHHSI HapOAHOro X03SIMCTBa, B nepHOA 3a11e4H-
eaHHSI paH, HaHeCeHHblX HaWeMy HapOAY eparaMH.
B CBSl3H c 3THM npe3HAHYM BepxoeHoro CoeeTa Cot03a
CCP eYepa H3Aan yl<a3 o AeM061-1111-13a41-11-1 HeK0Topb1x Kr-
TeropHH aoeHHOcny>1<aw,1-1x H3 psiAOB apMHH, KOTOpbte co-
c1ae11sit0T no cyU,\eCTBY 6onbWHHCTBO JlH4HOro COCTaea "ap-
• Pe'fb Ha co6paHHH ao11Hoa 22-ro reapAeiicKoro nonKa. r npeHaH
(nHTBa). 28.03.45.
210
MMM, oo, OCHOBHYIO .Macey, nepeHecwyt0 .. Ha co6creeHHblX
lllltl'ltlX OCHOBHble TSlrOTbl. BOHHbl Ha eceM ee nporsi>1<eH1111.
Hn ocHoee 3roro 3aKOHa M111111110Hbl Haw11x A0611ecTHblX
6oi-t1~00 H cep>KaHTOB 6yAyT B03epaw,eHbl K ceoeMy .POA-
llOMY 04ary, ceoei1 pOAHOH AepeeHe, ropOAYr npOH3BOA-
c:rny, 1<011xo3y, ceoeMy pOAHOMY Kpat0, or KOroporo OHH
6i.111H oropeaHbl eoi1Hoi1.
MHorHe crapHKH, OTU,bl 11 MarepH yeHASIT ceoHx 11t06H-
Mr.1x CblHOBeH, >KeHW,HHbl - My>KeH, MH1111H0Hbl coeeTCKl1X
A•Tei-1 - OTU,OB, KOTOpb1e y Hl1X 6bl11H OTH.SITbl BOHHOH.
A HeKoropbre H3 Aerei:1 yeHASIT ceoero oru.a enepeb1e,
1<oroporo OHH, rnsi,qsi Ha cpororpacp11t0, e re4eHHe HecK011b-
l<HX 11er Ha3b1ea11H «nana» 11 rsiHy1111cb K CHHMKY AeTCKHMl1
py40HKaM1-1.
Ha OCHoee· 3Toro 3aKOHa MHOrHe xaTbl H H36bl B ,qe-
peeH SIX, Keapr11pb1 e ropoAax no11y4ar ceoero X03SIHHa,
rnaeHoro >K1111bU,a, no KOTOpOMY OHl1 TOCKOBa1111. B T04eH11e
3Tl1X 4erbrpex eoeHHblX 11er.
Ha ocHoee :noro 3aKoHa crpaHa no11y411r M111111110Hbl
Bb1COKOKea1111cp11u,11poeaHHb1x, npoeepeHHblX e cypoeblX 11c-
nb1raH11six, 3aKa11eHHblX e 6osix pa60411x 11t0AeH. CraHOK 11
nnyr no4yecreyt0r Hacrosiw,ero ceoero xo3si11Ha, reepAylO
My>1<cKyt0 co11,qarcKyt0 pyKy 11 3Heprn4HO 3apa6orat0r. 3ro,
6e3yc11oeHo, 0Ka>1<er rpo~aAHOe e1111siH11e Ha 6b1crpei:iwee
eoccraHoe11eHHe HapoAHoro xo3sii:1crea, Ha 6b1crpei:1wee 3a.,.
11e4HeaH11e HaHeceHHblX eoi1Hoi1 paH 11 e 61111>1<ai:1weM 6y-
AYW.eM Hawa rocyAapcreeHHOCTb no11HOKpoeHo, e no11-
HOM CMb1c11e 3roro c11oea, nocrae11r Ha Hor11 HOpMaJlbHoro
r11raHra.
Bor no4eMy eHa4a11e ceoei:1 pe411 si roeop1111 eaM o
3Ha40Hl111 :noro 3aKOHa, KOTOpblH no cyw.ecrey SIB11SleTCSI
Ha4a110M pecpopM 11 nepecrpoi1K11 He ro11bKO KpacHoi1
Ap_M'11.1; HO·· H ecei:1 Hawei1 rocy,qapcreeHHOH 11 HapOAHOH
>Kl13Hl1. B 3TOM cocro11r no1111r114ecKoe, 3KOHOM114ecKoe M
11crop114eCKOe 3Ha4eHl1e 3TOrO 3aKOHa.
. HapoA, npae11re11bcreo, KOMaHAOBaH11e eb1pa>1<at0r eaM
6naroAapHOCTb 3a xopowyt0 c11y>1<6y 11 roeopsir eaM 6011b-
i.uoe cnacH6o 3a ·Ao611ecrnb1e 6oeeb1e Ae11a. Tp11 Mecsiu.a
toMy Ha3aA Mbl AeM061111113oea1111 113 psiAOB Hawei1 apM1111
crap11Koe 11 AeeyweK. Ho pa3ee 0H11 sie11si1111cb OCHOBHOH
21t
MaCCOH Hal:l:ieH apMMM? OHM 6bl11M M3 OCHOBHl>IX 4aCTei:'f; H,0
He OCHOBHOH' MaCCOH apM"11ih ·.!
noc11e sac B p.siAaX HaweH apMMM OCTalOTC.SI TOJlbKO
eawM MJlaAWMe TOeapM~M no opy>KMIO. ::ho .. «MeAHble
KOTeJlKM»; 'SI npeKJlOH.SllOCb nepeA MX My>f<eCTBOM, HO OHM
TaK>Ke He .SIB11.Sl11MCb OCHOBOH Hawei:i apMMM. MHOrMe M3 HMX
eCTynM11M B BOHHY s 1943-1944 roAax, a HeKOTOpb1e M e
1945 roAY.
KTo >Ke .sie11.sieTc.si ocHoeoi:i Hawei:i apMMM, cTep>KHeM ee,
onopOH scex HaWMX 6oeBblX Ae11 OT Ha4a11a M AO KOHU.a
BOHHbl?
"1MM .SIB11.Sl11HCb Bbl, 25-40-ne.THMe. "'1MeHHO :no noKO.,.
11eHHe nepeHec110 .BCIO T.Sl>KeCTb BOHHbl OT Ha4a11a M AO ee
KOHU.a, He ~aA.SI ceoei:i >f<M3HM H KpOBM aa eenMKOe Ae-
110 - eceMMPHYIO HCTOpM4eCKYIO no6eAy Hawero HapOAa,
Hawero coeeTcKoro opy>+<M.SI. Bee 3TO .sie11.sieTc.si Ae110M
eawHX co6cTBeHHblX pyK.
,Bbl Ha none 60.si Bbln011H.Sl11M 4epHOBYIO pa6oTy, TBOpH11"1
ee11MKMe MCTOpM4eCKMe Ae11a, n03TOMY Bbl .SIB11.SleTeCb 4ep-
ttOBblMH TBopu.aMM no6eAbl. BoT no4eMy .si roeopio, 4TO 3TO
Ae110 eawMx co6cTeeHHblX pyK, 4TO no6eAa - 3TO eawe
KpOBHOe Aeno, aa KOTOpoe M3 eawero nOKOJleHM.SI MHOrMe
OTAa1111 >f<M3Hb, 3AOpoebe. Bbl cnac1111 He T011bKO Hawy
POAMHY OT 4epHoro cpawMaMa, HO M eecb MMp, ece 4e110-
ee4ecTeo, ero KY11bTypy, ero U.MBH11M3aU.MIO.
ToT, 'KTO .,qeHCTBMTe11bHO eoeea11 aa no6eAy, TOT ropA
BblCOKMM 3BaHHeM BOMHa-no6eAMTe11.si, TOT ee3Ae M BCIOAY
6epe>KeT 4eCTb BOMHa-no6eAMTe11.si KaK 3eHMU.Y OKa, M6o OH
He eoeea11 aa HarpaAbl, aa 6oraTCTeo, OH eoeea11 aa 4eCTb,
AOCTOMHCTBO ceoero HapoAa, ceoero rocyAapcTea.
TaKOH 4e11oeeK HMKOrAa He no3B011MT ce6e Me~aHCKOH
pOCKOWM, TOpraweCKOH XHTpOCTH, MAMOTCKOH nOA110CTM
paaMeHHBaTb 4eCTb BOHHa-no6eAHTe11.SI Ha Me1104b, Ha 6a.,.
pax110, noTOMY 4TO OH My>+<, OH fpa>t<AaHMH, OH BoMH. EMy
LteCTb AOPO>Ke 11t06oro 6oraTCTea.
MepTBble aaeew,anM· >KMBblM ........ He aana4Ka.Tb HX >KH3Hb,
MX HMeHa, . MX CB.SIW,eHHYIO KpOBb rp.S13bl0, . aMopa11bHblM,
HeAOCTOHHblM noeeAeHMeM M nocTynKaMM.
BoT no4eMy Mbl, KOMaHAHpb1, HeycTaHHO TeepAHM o
MOpa11bHOM 0611.MKe, 0 AOCTOMHCTee, 0 4eCTM BOMHa-no6e-
212
Alttrcnnsi, .,Aa6b1, npeAOTspannb no3op:HblH nocry.nol( c;o ,cT9-
pottb1 OTAe11bHblX HeAMCL\MnJlMH.MpOBaHHblX· TOBapMw,eJ;i ne'.'"
peA naMSITblO· norn6w1-1x·. ,
B1>1 AYMaere, 22-i:t rsapAei:tci<M·H nonK·coeTOMT M .eoerosin
M.J ead Her! HorAa sac saw KOMaHAMP nom<a cTpOMT M,
nOAaB KOMaHAY «eMMpHO», MAeT KO MHe e panopTOM, SI
DM>r<y He TOJlbKO sac, SI BM>l<Y TPM 22-x OpAeHa JleHMHa
rnapAeHeKMX non Ka: nonK MepTBblX, nonK KaneK .. M eaw
noni<. Bor no4eMy SI 4aero TS1>1<e110 MAY M3 cpnaHra so
cpnaHr, npe>KAe 4eM n03AOPOBaTbeSI e BaMM, a: He Hapo4MTO
Aenaro :no . .sl BM>KY rpM nonKa.
- CKOJlbKO 6b1110 MepTBblX - 6011bwe 1-1111-1. MeHbWe,
4eM ea-c?
DOel:l, e ·Meer a: «DOJlbWe, TOBapM~ nOJlKOBHMK».
- CKonbKO 6b1110 KaneK?
ooel.\. B3BOJ1HOBaHHO: «He MeHbwe, rosapM~ nonKOB-
HMK)).
KaKoe >Ke MMen npaeo C1-111eHKO M3-3a 3TMX rpex CBMHeH
pa3MeHMBaTb 4eeTb nonKa MepTBblX, 4eeTb nonKa KaneK
M eawy 4eCTb? ·OH npe3peHHblH, nporHMBWMH nOA11eL\,
KOropblH 3ae11y>1<1-1saeT npe3peHbS1 scex.
Ha 3TOM pa3pew1-1re 3aKOH4MTb MopanbHyro 4aCTb MO-
ero 06pa~eHMS1.
Bae MHTepecyeT, KOrAa noeAeTe AOMoi:t? Bbl noeAere
AOMOH c nepeoro OKTS16pS1 no nS1THaAL1aToe HOS16pS1. Ch-
npaeKa 6yAeT npOM3BOA1HbeSI no npMHL\Mny 3eMJ1Sl4eeTsa.
3wenOHbl 6y AyT noAaBaTbCSI no HanpasneHMSIM: eM6MpS1-
KM - Hosoc1-161-1peKMM, epeAHea31-1aTL\bl - TawKeHTeKMM
3we110HoM, neHMHrpaAL\bl - JleHMHrpaAeKMM. KorAa noAa-
AYT, KaKoH 3we110H, SI He 3Haro. CneAOBaTenbHO, saM. HaAO
6yAeT Ha6paTbCSI repneHMSI Ha nonropa MeCSIL\a. 4ro Bbl
6yA·ere · Aenarb AO noAa4M saM 3we110Hos? Bbl 6y AeTe
pa6orarb no ·npMHL\Mny eAeJlb~MHbl. Bbl 6yAeTe noM.oraTb
HaM noArOTOBMTbeSI K 3MMe. HaAO 611aroyerpoMTb Ka3apMbl,
o6opyAOBaTb Y,'."le6Hb1e no11S1. 3To HY>KHO A11S1 Toro, 4T06b1
HOBOe nononHeHMe - Bawa eMeHa - >f<MJ10 B HOpMaJlbHblX
,ycnOBMSIX M o6y4aJ10Cb Ha o6opyAOBaHHOM y4e6HOM none.
Ha eMeHy eaM B 6111-1>1<ai:twee epeMSI np1-16yAyT MnaAWMe
6paTbSI J:I· Aa>1<e eb1HOBbS1. Bb1 no AOnry eonAareKoMy. 06S1-
3aHbl oeTaBMTb M.M xopowee HacneAMe, npMHSITb see
213
Mepbl K TOMy, ·•.fT06bl OHH AOCTOHHO eeilH ealiJH Aena B
AanbHei1weM: MHO>KHnH xopowHe TpaAHLl,HH nonKa, OTl1H4-
HO y4HnHCb. B 3TOT nepHOA eaM HY>KHO pa6oTaTb A06po-
coeecTH·o, . caMHM co6ntoAaTb ece eoHHCK1-1e nopS1AKH He
3a· cTpax, a 3a coeecTb c TeM, 4T06b1 He nonacTb eMetl'o
AOMa B TIOpbMy. ::ho SI roeopto He B ilOpSIAKe yrp03bl, He
e nopsiAl<e 3anyn1eaHHS1,· a e nopS1AKe coeeTa. HHKOMY H3
eac He >Kena'io TaKOH HenpHS'ITHOCTH.
B 3TOT nepHOA eaM HY>KHO 6b1Tb 6011ee HpascTseHHblMH,
4eM KOrAa-111o160, H6o HaCTano epeMSI CKOpOH BCTpe4H c
ceMbeH, c >KeHOH, c AeTbMH, KOTOpble B Te4eHHe 4eTb1pex
neT >KAanH eac c r11y60Koi1 Tpeeoroi1 s cepAu.e, MOnHnHCb
6ory 3a eac, npoeenH MHOrO 6ecCOHHblX H04eH, BOllHYSICb
3a sac, 3a sawy >KH3Hb. Aonr eoHHa-no6eAHTensi e 3TOM
eonpoce Tpe6yeT AOCTOHHCTBa. Bbl o6si3aHbl, KaK BOHH-no-
6eAHTeJlb, npHHecTH noAapoK csoei1 ceMbe, >KeHe H AeTSIM,
CBOIO HeH3MeHHYIO Jlt060eb H eepHOCTb, He BCTpe4aTbCSI
c TeMH, KTOI rOTOB ne4b c eaMH Ha nepBOH CKaMeHKe H
HarpaAHTb sac 11t06b1MH 6011e3HSIMH. B TaKoM noAapKe HH
>KeHa, HH AeTH, HH 6riH3KHe eaM ntoAH, HH HapOA, HH
rocyAapcTeo He HY>KAatoTCSI. 3apameHHe eeHepH4eCKOH 6o-
ne3Hbl0 SIBllSleTCSI TSl>KKHM npecTynneHHeM nepeA HapOAOM,
nepeA rocyAapcTeOM, nepeA ceMbeH, HeCMb1eaeMblM no-
'3opoM H HeCLfaCTbeM eawero noKoneHHSI. SlensieTcsi aHTH-
rocyAapcTeeHHblM npecTynneHHeM noToMy, 4TO 3Ta 6o-
ne3Hb SIBllSleTCSI COU,HallbHO onaCHOH.
TepnH, conAaT, no1<a HacraHeT AeHb ... He 6yAb CBHHbeH
nepe,q csoet. nOAPY>KKOH, 6yAb 4e11oeeKOM. He naAaH e
rpsiab eeHepH4eCKHX 60110T - 3TO MOH nepBblH coseT.
BTopoi1 coeeT. B 3we110He eac 6yAeT conpoe6>KAaTb
3we110HHOe Ha4anbcreo. HaTsop1o111 Tbl 4TO-HH6YAb s nyTH,
xeaTSIT Te6si 3a WHBOpOT H B TtopbMY npSIMblM coo6w,eHH-
eM. TaKoH HenpHSITHOCTH HHKOMY He >Ke11at0. BeAH ce6si
AOCTOHHO B 'nyTH, 4T06bl . Ka>KAaSI CTaHU,HOHHaSI T6proeKa
6b111a nopa~JeHa TBOHM 6naropoACTBOM.
TpeTHH coeeT. Mb1 eaM AaAHM He6oraTb1e n6,0.apKH.'''B
eaw KapMaH nono>KHnH no Tb1c~4e py6nei1 AeHer, e Me-
_woK ~ HeMHoro' MYKH, caxapa, Msica. Ansi 4ero 3To· Aen'a-
eTcsi? 31'o AaeTcsi lie eaM, a ea-wei:1 ceMbe, eawH·M APY3bRM,
4TOObl dl'MeTHTb 3TY paAOCTHY!O ecrpe4y, a He· Ailsi Toro,
214
. •no6b1 11por11'1B<;lTb 111.111 co>t<paT.b e . AOpore. H11KOMY he
ceKpeT, 4TO 4eTb1pexneTHSISI .. BOHHa. AO.cTaT04HO .no1pena11a
Ka>KAYIO ceMblO 11. 8 Ma1ep11a11bHOM 01HoweH1111. 410 3Ha411T
eaw np11e3A? 310 3Ha411T AllSI eaweH ceMbl1 - MepTBblH
eocKpec! CKOllbKO eo11HeH11H, CKOllbKO cnaAK11X c11e3 paAO-
c111! TaKOH Heo6b14aHHblH cny4aH nono>KeHo 01MeT11Tb no
pyccKOMY o6br4al0 nou,enyeM. Bee 6YAYT eac u,enosaTb,
a Tbl BApyr c11cp111111Tl1K. 3apa311Wb 11CKpeHHe u,e11y10U4l1X
re6sr OT cepAu.a, OT AYW11.. KaKasr nOAllOCTb! Teosr
>KeHa c TOCKOH 6yAeT >KAaTb re6sr e noc1e1111 11 co eceH
>KeHCKOH 11CKpeHHOCTblO np11MeT re6sr 11 BApyr BMeCTO
611arOAapHOCTl1 Tbl ee noKaJ1e411Wb Ha BCIO >K113Hb CB0-
11M nOAllblM noAapKOM. KaKoe y>t<acHoe npec1yn11eH11e,
KaKasr HarJlOCTb!
4apKa BOAK11! He y ecsrKOH ceMbl1 ecTb 4apKa 11 AeHbrH
Ha :no. He y ecsrKOH ceMb11 eCTb cMeTaHa, 61111Hb1, Msr.co Ha
3aKycKy, He y BCSIKOH ceMb11 eCTb caxap 11 4aH.
Tb1 np11eAeWb AOMOH, K re6e sresrrcsr APY3bSI, 6YAYT
no>K11MaTb pyKy TBOeH. >KeHe, n03ApaensrTb c np11e3AOM
AOpororo My>t<a, n03ApaBJ1SITb AeTeH TBGl1X, . KOTOpbre c
AeTCKOH. paAOCTblO 6YAYT CMOTpeTb Ha csoero OTU,a. >KeHa,
C4aCT J111Bcrn, B3BOJ1HOBaHHasr, 3aX04eT B 3TOT 3HaMeHaTeJ1b,-
HblH AeHb CBOeH >Kl13Hl1 CAenaTb WHpOK11H >Keer, w.eApO
yrOCTHTb rOCTeH, OTMeTHtb TBOH npHe3A, HO OHa 6yAeT
CKOBaHa 6eAHQCTblO, cMyU4eHa. Ee 6ecnoMOW.Hble rna3a
6yAyT roeopHTb: «MHllblH BaHiowa, sr rorosa 3a>t<ap11Tb XOTb
113 ce6sr KOT11e1y, 4T()6b1 rocTH paAOCTHO ywnH . nocne
HaweH C4acr 1111soH ecrpe4H». Bor AllSI 3THX u,eneH Bbl 11
AOll>KHbl npHee3Tl1 apMeHCKHe noAapK11.
B Kyl6He >KeHa n11porH crpsrnaer, y Hee He ece nony4a-
eTcsr, fOCTH CHASIT, BOAKa Ha CTOJle. noKa 6yAeT ropsr4ee
fOTOBO - AOllfO >KAaTb. fOCTl1 C AOCaAOH H HeTepneHHeM
Ha 6yTbll1KY CMOTpSIT - pa31111Tb 6bl BOAKY, 3aKyCKH .HeT.
Bor AllSI Toro, 4T06br e 3TOT. MOMeHT Tbl He 04y1H11csr e
rnynoM. no11o>KeHl1H, re6e AaeTCSI Ha XOllOAHYIO 3aKycKy
.ABe. 6aHKl1 KOHCepBOB. nHpO>KKl1 1 6mtH411Kl1 ropS14He Ha
qone, BOAKa BblflHTa, 4aHKY HaAO nonHTb, a nocnaAHTb
.i-:te4eM. 4106b1 TBOH r.OCTl1 ry6b1 He ownapH1111 KHnSITKOM,
re6e Aa~TCF! ABa KHnorpaMMa caxapa. r ocrn, eece~'ble,
AOBOllbHble yrow,eH11eM 11 eH11MaHHeM, nocreneHHO pacxo-
215
A51TC51 H Hanepe6oH npHrna_walQT Te651: · «3axoAH, "'1aaH
"'1aaHOBHY». Hy, naAHO,· Tbl HAei.Ub .K OAHOMy, nOCHAen,
BbmHnH B. YeCTb .TBoero npHeaAa. Hy, nono>KHM, Tbf n·HwHee
aanO>KHn, nHWHIOIO plOMKY BblnHn. nonpow,anc51 no-npH-
nHYHOMy. · "'1AeWb. AOMOH. ·A· BOAKa 6epeT CBoe. Y Te651 B
ronoBe aawyMeno, B · rnaaax noMyTHeno, ace ABOHTC51. Y
Te651 nHpHYecKa51, TparnYecKa51 AYWa. Tb1 cpaay OT paAO-
CTH,OH BCTpeYH nepe6pacb1BaewbC5I Ha T51fOCTHble A!-IH BOH-
Hbl. • 4TO TOnbKO Te6e He npHXOAHnOCb nepe>t<HTb: H CTpa-
AaTb, H no no51c B 6onoTe CHAeTb, H MHoroe Apyroe. Bee
>Ke Thi HAeWb, XOTb H KaYaewbC51. BApyr OTKpb1Baewb rnaaa,
a BnepeAH ABOHTC51 <t>Hrypa. 1-1 BOT He BblAep>t<ana TB051
Aywa: «A-'a, 51 TaM Boeean, a Tb• 3AeCb CHAen! 51 ·yeTb1pe
fOAa KpOBb nponHBan!» XBaTaewb era 3a WHBOpOT. rpa>t<-
AaHHH nH 3TO, HnH 6oeu,, KOTOpblH TaK>Ke AeMo6HnH30eanc51
H HaAen WTaTCKYIO OAe>KAYr Te651 OCTaHaenHBaeT cnoeaMH:
«rpa>t<AaHHH, YTO Bbl?» A BeAb nb,51HblM Mope no KOJleHO.
noAyMaewb, YTO 3TOT 'rpa>t<AaHHH roeopHT. OH, KOHeYHO,
npOCTHT Te651, HO TYT MHnHU,HOHep !13-3a yrna - xeaTb Te651
H B TIOpbMy. BoT Te Ha! He ycnen riepeHoyeeaTb AOMa,
nOna:n B oTpe3BHnoeKy. 0MpaYHn P!'!AOCTb e·cTpeYH. KoMy
3TO HY>KHO? HHKOMy.
Tbl - BOHH-no6eAHTenb, Tbl HMeewb 3acnyrH, H 3TO
o6513blBaeT Te651 6b1Tb npHMepoM ee3Ae H BCIOAY· OpAeHa
Tpe6yt0T AOCTOHHoro noeeAeHH51. CKonbKO 6b1 y Te651
OpAeHOB HH 6binO, Tbl yexan H3 AOMY CKpOMHblM "'1eaHOM,
npHe3>KaH TaKHM >Ke, TOnbKO TOrAa Tbl 3acny>KHWb yea>Ke-
HHe H nio6oBb.
1-1 nocneAHee. Tb1 6b1n AOCTOHHblM 6o!;fu,oM Ha none 6051.
C YeCTblO BbmonHHn CBOH AOnr Ha BOHHe. Tb1 OTnHYHnC51 Ha
cppoHTe. 6yAb npHMepeH H 3AeCb: OTJ1HYHCb Tenepb Ha
TPYAOBOM cppoHTe, H6o TBOH AOnr eceMH cHnaMH noMoraTb
CBOeMy HapOAY B 6blCTpe!;fweM BOCCTaHoeneHHH HapOAHOrO
X0351HCTea. Teot:1 AOnr - 6b1Tb CTaxaHoeu,eM e TPYAe.
BoT Bee, YTO 51 eaM xoTen CKa3aTb. Y Karo eCTb eonpo-
Cb~ - npowy.
,,I BAM
I'.'
nMCbMO M. 0. AY330BY.
MyXTap-ara!
no4eMy-TO nO-Ka3aXCKM He nMWeTCSI, M3BMHMTe .
.sl BaM nMca11, "ITO coepeMeHHast BOHHa He sie11sieTCS1
BOHHOH MYWKeTepoe M nMKOTepoe, M o<t>Mu,epbl 0Te1.1e-
CTBeHHOH eoHHbl (MMeio e BMAY HacTosiw,ero, a He ecsiKyio
wea11b e MYHAMpe)- BaM He pb1u,apM XVI eeKa ••. e ocHoe-
HOM OHM Ae11SITCSI Ha TPM KaTeropMM: o<t>Mu,epbl 611M>KHero
6osi, O<t>Mu,epbl TaKTM"leCKoro coo6pa>KeHMSI M Ha3Hal.leHMSI,
o<t>Mu,epb1 cTpaTern1.1ecKoro coo6pa>1<eHMS1 M HaaHa1.1eHMS1.
B 3TOH eOHHe cKopee Ha none 6osi yM yMa no1.1MraeT, 1.1eM
1.1epHasi cM11a (~apa Kyw) ropsi1.1MH a3apT rnaAMaTopa - nio-
AM cTa11M yMOM, yMeHbeM eoeeaTb.
KaK >Ke Bb1 MOrnM AOnycTMTb HeocTopo>1<HOCTb c «Ha-
MblC reapAMSICbl», CJlMWKOM HaMBHYIO AOBepl.IMBOCTb - no-
11y1.1MJ10Cb HeecTeCTBeHHOe, ne1.1a11bHOe, HecoeMeCTMMOe co-
"leTaHMe Bawero 3011ororo TanaHTa, no11HOH XYAO>KecreeH-
HOH CM11b1, 6ecnpeAe11bHO 6oraroro, rM6Koro, MaHeepeHHO-
ro, CO"IH.oro M HaCblW,eHHOro pa3yMHOH JlOrMKOH Sl3b1Ka c
Heee>1<ecreoM, y3KMM KpyroaopoM, HeAaneKMM yMOM Ba-
wero coaeTopa.
BeAb 6oroMa3bl HMKOrAa He c1.1Mra11MCb XYAO>KHMKaMM,
XOTSI OHM Ma11eea11M ny1.1we, l.leM 111060.:1 XYAO>KHMK, T. K.
M3-nOA KMCTM 6oroMa3a HMKOrAa He BblXOAM110 nonOTHO
pea11bHOH >KM3HM •..
Ax, KaK >Kallb, M CTaHOBMTCSI o6MAHO, KOrAa MCTMHHblH
xyP,o>KHMK, COTPYAHM1.1asi c Heee>KAOH, HeocTOpO>KHO Bb1rnsi-
AMT 6oroMa30M.
B nbece coeepweHHO orcyrcTeyer nopstAOK, HOpMbl
eoeHHOrO M rpa>KAaHCKoro noeeAeHMSI M TaKTa, AOXOASIW,MX
AO nopHorpa<t>M1.1ecKOH eynbrapHOCTM - KTO na Aypa HMHa
c Heo6y3AaHHblMM MHTMMHblMM 1.1yecTBaMM, nOACTaBJ1SllOW,aSI
2.18
· ycTa npH l(a>t<AOM YA06HOM H HeyAo6HoM cny4ae Ami
nou,.enysi? ·
K 4eMy pacxean1o1eaTb BaneHTHHy, np1o1n11cb1easi eH pa3•
. HYIO He6b1n1o1u,y?
r Ae >t<e c1o1na np1o1Ka3a, ero 6e30T naraTenbHOCTb, peanb-
HOCTb pac4eTa enac1Horo noeeneeaio~ero KOMaHA11pa?
410 3a paccy>KAeHHSI, pa3rnaronbCTBOBaHl1SI BOKpyr Bbl-
nonHeHMSI 6oeeoH 3aAa411 H 4TO 3a Toproensi, H A06po-
eonbHOCTH, 11 YMOnS1101.J.4aS1 npocb6a - KOM.Y 11AT11 ro-
nOBHblM?
0TKYAa. Bbl B3stnH wanK03aKMAaTenbCKHe no6eAb1, 6e3
ynopHoro conpoT11eneH11st, KpHTM4ecKoro nono>1<eHHS1, 11Hor-
Aa H epeMeHHoro nopa>1<eH1o1st? 4To 3a wyM, raM H 6e3
YMOnKy, AO TOWHOTbl,. ypa? .
KyAa Bbl Aen11 nonHoenacTHoro ocp1o1u,epa - noeem11e-
nsi, HaBSl3blBa101.J.4ero CBOIO BOnlO He TOnbKO nOABnaCTHblM
eMy BOHHaM, HO TaK>Ke H npOTHBHHKy,- Aa>Ke naHcp11noea
noKa3anH, KaK MacTepa pyKonawHoro 6osi. Hey>1<enH Bbl He
nOHHMaeTe, 4TO TaKoe TaKTMKa H CTpaTerHst? .
Henb3SI >Ke paccMaTpHBaTb ecex, KaK COnAaT c BMHTOB-
KOH, co WTblKOM. r Ae >Ke Hawa eoeHHast HayKa, onepaTHB-
HO-TaKTH4e.cK11e 3aMblCnbl, TaKTHKO-CTpaTerH4eCKOe 3Ha4e-
Hl1e onepau,1o111 H peanbHOe nono>t<eH11e cTposi e
o6cTaHOBKe?
KyAa Bbl Aem1 KpOJKOro conAaTa, noe1o1Hyt0w,erocsi,
6e3yi<op113HeHHO 4eCTHoro, 6paeoro, OTBa>KHoro, npoc1oro
eosiKy, a Baw TonereH CKopee KnoyH Anst cu,eHbl, 4eM
conAaT Ha none 6osi •
.sl 4acTo pe30K i1 rpy6 c APY3bstMH - :no MOH HeAO-

cTaTOK. 04eHb co>1<anet0, 4TO Mory noM04b TOnbKO HaKa-
3aHHeM 3a BawH onnowHOCTH.
C rny6oKHM yea>1<eHHeM Baw

17.11.42.
H ...
. 22 HOS16psi 1941 rOAa .SI BblXOAHn co CBOl1M 6aTanbOHOM

H3 0Kpy>t<eH1o1.si. Wn1o1 4eTeepo cyToK c 6oSIMH, · ronoAHb1e,
Hecn1o1 Ha ce6e paHeHb1x.
2t9
, • HeMeu, ~epepe3aJ1 ..HaM f\opory •. L1Jn11,.A~H1HHJ:M~11 KHIJ:l-
_KaM11 epa>t<eeKHe . KOnOHHbl 3.a KO.nOHHOH; npoHTH 4epe3
AOpory Ka3anoeb HeB03MO>KHblM. . .. . . ... ' ·. . ..
· «He norn6ar.:. >Ke rolioAHOH · eMepTi,io, He C:Aaeal'b >Ke
e nneH 6aTanbOH,- AYMail SI,- ori-ieM, e 60S1MH npoi1AY
4epe3 epa>t<eeKl1e Tpyllbl».
·Wna HeMeu,KaSI KonOHHa eo rnaee e Mai1opoM, 3a Hei1
e nS1THeTax MeTpax ApyraSI KOnOHHa. KorAa nepeaSI KOnOHHa
nopaBHSlnaeb e HaMH, ne>t<aBWHM B KIOBeTe 6onbWaKa, SI
noAan KOMaHAy:
- OroHb!
Haw 3ann 6b1n HaeTonbKO yAa4HblM, 4TO eeSI HeMeu,KaSI
KOnOHHa, npOHl13aHHaSI HaWHMH nynSIMH, nonerna enOBHO
no KOMaHAe e OAHY eeKYHAY·
- BnepeA! - Kp11Ki-iyn SI 11 no6e>t<an enepeA. E>aTanbOH
pblBKOM noeneAoean 3a MHOH. OrnS1Hyew11C:b Ha3aA, eTOSI Ha
eepeA1-1He 6onbwaKa, epeAH epa>t<eeK1-1x Tpynoe, SI np1-1Ka3an
83SITb AOKyMeHTbl y y61-1TblX H. eaM. KHHyneSI. K MepTBOMY
Mai1opy. K MOeMy yA1-1eneH111-0, KapMaHHble KnanaHbl Ha ero
cppeH4e ·6b1n1-1 paeKpblTbl.
noA06pae ee0"1X paHeHblX H y611T.blX, .Mbl eneWHO
yrny61-1n1-1eb e nee ...
Ell.\e wm1 ABOe eyToK e 60S1M11, on1-1eb1eaTb 1-1x He eTaHy ...
• • •
8eTpeT1-1n Mai1opa eoeeAHero nonKa, KOTOpblH coo6ll.\i.rn,
4TO B WTa6e A118113"1"1 eee BOeXHll.\eHbl AeHCTBl1eM MOero
6aTanbOHa, C4"1Tal-OT Hae eeex non16w11M1-1; .Mbl YAOeTo_eHbl
reapAei1cKoro 3BaH"1SI - A11B"1.3HSI nepe11MeHoeaHa e 8-io
reapAeHcKyio 1-1 Harpa>t<AeHa opAeHOM KpacHoro 3HaMeH1-1.~.
OT :noro Mai1opa SI .TaK>t<e Y3Han, 4TO AO wi-a6a A"1B"131111
HaM npeACTOSlno npowaraTb ell.\e u,enblX nSITHaAU,aTb K11no-
MeTpoe. ~ 3Han, 4TO nl-OAl-1 ycTan1-1 AO "13HeMO>KeHHSI,
ronOAHble nSITble eyTKl-1, 11 pew1-1n noA60AP"1Tb 6aTanbOH.
Top>t<ecTeeHHO BblCTpoi.rn nioAei1 e necy np1-1 TPHAU,aT1-1nsi-
T1-1rpaAYCHOM MOpo3e, np0"13Hec pe4b, eee paBHO KaK Ha
M"1Tl1Hre. npe>t<Ae BCero, OT "1MeH"1 reHepana rJaHcp"1nOea
(OH 6b1n y61-1T, HO 6oi1u,aM SI B03Aep>t<anesi COOGll.\HTb 06
3TOM rope) n03Apae1-1n "1X c OT nl14HblM BblnOnHeH"1eM 60-
eeoro 3aAaH1-1S1 1-1 6naronony4HblM BblXOAOM. "13 0Kpy>t<eH1-1S1
H C006ll.\"1n np"1SITHble HOBOCTl1 0 np1-1ceoeH"1"1 reapAeHCKOro
3eaH1-1si 1-1 Harpa>t<AeH1-1si Hawei1 Al-101-131-111 opAeHOM KpaeHoro
3HaMeH"1, 3aKaH4"1BaSI CBOIO pe4b, CKa3an: .
220
Hae .. B .· AHBH3HH CYHTatOT nor"16wHMH, wra6 . Haxo-
AHTCSI B rlSITHaAu.aTH Kl1110MeTpax OTCtOAa. ,lJ,aBaMte, TOBa-
p11W,H, ycTpOHM . wTa6y t.\a11ei-lb!<HM ·. lip11SIT.HblM cl0pn.p113:
SIBHMCSI H AOKa>KeM, 4TO Mbl >KHBbl ...
- ,lJ,aBaMTe, TOBapHW. KOM6aT, AOKa>KeM. BeA11Te Hac,-
OA06p1111H 60ML\bl.
no Bblpa>KeHHSIM 11HU. H no B03r11aCaM SI BHAell H
npHSITHO cepAu.eM 4YBCTBOBa11 paAOCTb MOHX 60MLJ.OB, pa-
AOBaJlC.11 BMecTe c HHMH ... KyAa Bbl Ae11Hcb, cH11bHa.11 ycTa-
110CTb H >Ka>KAa rOllOAa! .
Mb1 B :noT MoMeHT 6b111H Ao6pb1, c1111bHb1 11 cb1Tb1 ...
"13 CTpOSI, nOAHSIB pyKy, KO MHe o6paTH11CSI cpeAHero
pocTa KpaCHBblM ro11y6orna3blM yKpaHHeU., 6oeu. npou.eHKO:
- Pa3pewHTe MHe, TOBap11w. cTapwHM. 11eMTeHaHT, He-
CKOllbKO CllOB?
- ,lJ,aBaM, rpHU.bKO, 4TO XOTe11 CKa3aTb? BblXOAH CIO-
,cia,- OTBeTHJl SI.
npou.eHKO HeyBepeHHO BblWe/1 H, 3anHHaSICb Ha Ka>KAOM
n04TH CJlOBe, Ha4a11· rOBOpHTb HeCKJlaAHO, HO KpaCHBO,
npocTo OT AYWH: OH KpaTKO BcnoMHHll nepe>KHTOe, n.11Tb
OKpy>KeHHM, H3 'KOTOpblX Mbl BblXOAHiiH; 27 6oeB, KOtOpble
Mbl np0Be1111, BblCKa3aJ1 HeCKOJlbKO KOMnllHMeHTOB B MOH
aApec, Ha3BaB MeHSI ·no-yKpaHHCKH «6aTbKO», H 3aKOH4H11
CBOIO pEi4b c11eAyt01!4HMH CJlOBaMH:
- BoT 4TO, Bbl - Haw 6aTbKO, .11 3TH · 4acb1 CHS111 · c
HeMe4Koro Mai'iopa, KOToporo y6H11 no BaweM KOMaHAe,
H BOT ero AOKyMeHTbl, HX SI BaM, 6aTbKO, TOp>KeCTBeHHO
Bpy4al0 nepeA CBOHMH TOBapHW,aMH .••
CTpOM OA06p111e11bHO 11acKa11 rna3aMH npou.eHKO - 3TO
4YBCTBOBa11 OH H SI, H Mbl BCe B 3TOM APeMy4eM 11ecy noA-
MOCKOBbSI,
npHHSIB 11X, cnpOCl111:
- KoMaHA11P nepBOH poTbl, AOllO>KHTe HapoAy, KaK
BOeBa/1 TOBap11W, npo4eHKO.
- Xopowo, TOBap111!4 KOM6aT,- OTBeTHll CTapWHH neH•
TeHaHT EcflHM C0111111MOHOB .
..;.__ TorAa, rpHL\bKO,- SI o6paTl111C.!I K HeMy,- BOT 4TO,
6paT, AOKyMeHTbl SI 6epy, a 4acb1 6epH 06pa1Ho, nycTb 3TO
6yAeT Te6e naMSITb 0 HaweM OKpy>KeHHH, 27 60SIX H 06
3TOM MHTHHre Hawero 6a1a11bOHa. OH, CMYTHBWHCb, 831111
4acb1 ..,., MHHYTKY noAyMaB, noA an110Al1CMeHTb1 6aTa11boHa
B·epHyncSI o6paTHO KO MHe.'
221
--:- Her, 6arbKO,:-- npoTS1Hyn OH MHe 4ac;b1,- 6epHre .HX
'sb1.· 3a4eM MHe 4acb1, nycri> :no 6yAeT BaM MOH noAapoK ...
- TBOH noAapoK MHe re>, 4TO Tbl xopowo BoeBan,-
cKa3an SI eMy.'- MonOAeu. H cnacH6o, a 4aCbl HOCH BOT
raK,- SI HaAen Ha ere pyKy.- KorAa orroHHM HeMu,eB,
ecnH 4acb1 re6e 6YAYT He HY>KHbl, noAapHwb cBoeH mo-
6HMOH AeBywKe. ~
npou,eHKO, nOA CMeX 6aTaJlbOHa, CMYTMJlCSI:
- y MeHe AHB4HHbl HeMa,- CKa3an OH no-yKpaHH-
CKH,- Hawo BOHH 3AaJlHCb ...
- Her, HeT, 6paT,- CKa3an ~.- ecnH HeT, HaAO HMeTb
ee 06S13a1enbHo: KaK me, 3a Kero me BOIOeM-To, ecnH He
3a MHJlblX 4epHOOKHX KpacaBHU,,- npoAonman SI,- MY>K4H-
Ha Ha HaweH 3eMne CTe6enb, a >KeHW,HHa - u,BeToK, a 6e3
JlHCTbeB H U,BeTOK no-pyccKH Ha3blBaeTCSI cyWHSIK, a no
HaweMy «~y 6ac», >KeHW.HHa - 6naropOAHaSI no4ea, rAe
pa3BHBaeTcSI, pacreT 4enoBe4ecKoe 3epHo, a BOT Mbl c
T060H «ypo>KaH» H, Ka>KeTCSI, HennOXOH «ypo>KaH»,- 6oH-
U,bl 3aCMes'IJlHCb, 3aCMeSIJlCSI M fpHU,bKO,- 6e3 >KeHW,MHbl,
6paT, 4enoBe4eCKOMY «ypo>1<ato» HHKOrAa He 6blBaTb. >KeH-
W,HHa HaM MaTb, HeBeCTa H >KeHa, MaTb HaWHX nto6HMblX
AeTeH, a B 6oto HeKOTOpb1e H3 HHX HaWH 6oeBble nOAPYrH·
3a6blBaTb, fpHU,bKO, HX B 6oto HH B KOeM cny4ae HeJlb3SI ...
Hy, iiaAHO, HAH, HOCH 4acb1, BOtoH, 6paT, H ecerAa noMHH
AHB~MHy, KOTOpOH Tbl nocne BOHHbl noAapHWb ...
• • •
7 AeKa6psi, 1941 rOAa (SI y>1<e KOMaHAOBan nOJlKOM) nonK
HaKaHyHe Ben 18-TH 4acoBOH HenpepblBHblH 6oH. ~ neman
Ha KOMaHAHOM nyHKTe paHeHblH.
- T0Bap11w.· cTapwHH neHTeHaHT,- 06pa1HnCS1 KO MHe
<l>enbAWep,- TSl>Keno paHeHHblH 6oeu, npou,eHKO HaCTO-
JITenbHO Tpe6yeT CBMAaHHSI c BaMH, roBopHT, 4TO «nOKa He
yeM>t<ycb c 6aTbKOM, HH 3a 4TO He noMpy ... ».
HecM.OTpSI Ha 3anpeT epa4eM, SI nowen K HeMy. npo-
u,eHKO ne>Kan TSl>Keno paHeHHblM B >KHBOT.
- 6aTbKO,- npoH3Hec OH c TPYAOM,- Bbl np1-1wnH? Y
·MeHSI .AO. Bae Aeno ecTb .
....,... 4To, roBopH, fpHU,bKo,- oTi:ierHn SI M cen y ero
H3ronOBbSI,- roeopH, MHJlblH ...
· OH CHSIJl c neBOM PYKH 4aCbl H cKa3an:
Moto HHHynbKY BaM. Bee paBHO He HaMTH, OHa y
222
tteMUee, 6'ep11Te, 6aTEjHbKa, 1.1acb1 11 n0Aap11re AeeywKe,
TOJlbKO YMHOH AeeywKe no 11MeH11 H11Ha 113_ eawet;I Hau,1111 .
.st no111061111 e 6oio eac 11 eaw HapoA, cKa>1<11re et;I, YTO :no
nOAapOK yKpa11HU,a rp11U,bKO npou,eHKO, 51 yxo>t<y OT eac ..•
rp11U,bKO. CKOH4a11C51 1 He AOrOBOp11B CBOero 3aBeu_\aHl151.
Bee np11cyrcrey10U\l1e nnaKa1111 .••
• • •
.st YaCbl rp11U,bKO npoHeC CKB03b AblM 11 OrOHb, 4epe3
60-70 6oee Ha rpex cppoHrax •.• 111cKan YMH11u,y-AeeywKy no
11MeHl1 HHHa - Ka3aWKy. 1113 MOHX pecnOHAeHTOB 11 3HaKO-
MblX H11Hb1-Ka3aWKH He oKa3anocb. 311MoH 51 nonyYHn or
re651 OYeHb rennoe 11 YMHOe n11cbMO 11 Tbl n0An11ca11a ceoe
nHCbMO, Bbln51Tl1B 3arnaBHYIO 6yKey «H», 11 51 noYeMy-ro
BMecro reoero Haci:o51U\ero HMeHH npoYen «H11Ha».
- Hawnacb, Haw11acb,- Kp11Ya11 51 e 3eM1151HKe, paAy-
51Cb, KaK 6e3yMHblH,- Haw11acb rp11U,bKHHa H11Ha ••.
• • •
KorAa KypMaH6eK ye3>1<a11 B A11Ma-Ary, 4aCbl rp11U,bKO
1.1epe3 Hero 51 nepeAan re6e 11 o6nerYeHHO B3AOXHyn, 1.1ro
3aeeu..r,aH11e rp11U,bKO BblnOJlHHJl.
111 4TO >t<e! 111 4TO >t<e! (He YAl1B1151HC51, 4TO 51 noerop51_IO,
51 Kp11Yy). 8Mecro 611aroAapHocr11 nepeAo MHOIO 11e>1<11r
nl1CbMO c 51AOBl1TblM 11 rnynblM 3nHTeTOM: «np11 epyYeHl111
reoero noAapKa «H •. , KOKeTHl14a51, JlOMa51Cb, Xl1Xl1Ka51, CKa-
3a11a: «enAe, ~aH HeMicriH. ~011b1HaH wewin a11Ab• eKeH» (C
pyK11 KaKoro-ro HeMu,a Yacbr CH5111 .• ,). 0, He611aroAapHa5I,
51 He 3Ha11, YTO Tbl ycne11a y>t<e nornynerb. Hey>1<e1111 Tbl He
noH11Maewb, YTO B351Tb y y611roro epara opy>1<11e, AOKyMeH-
Tbl, u,eHHble eew,H 51BJ151eTC51 He npOAYKTOM MapOAepcrea,
a npOAYKTOM no6eAbl.
nepeAaBa51 Te6e YaCbl, 51 C411Ta11, l.fTO HX epyYalO AO-
CTOHHOH H11He-KaaawKe. Y MeH51, np113HaTbcsi, rop11T 1111u,o
nepeA naM511'blO rp11.U,bKO.
20.08.43
223
«llto60Bb no HCTHHHGMY Bll&'le-
HHIO - no Ta 11to6oeb, KOTOpoi:f
H&T KOH.L\a HHa'le, KaK . T011bKO co
CM&pTblO»
"16H Xa3Ma (XI e.)

0 nt06BM
MHoro si B11Aan mo6siW,11x nap, HO e noAaensiiow,eM
6011bWl1HCTBe HeC4aCT 1111BblX.
HeoAHOKpaTHO ce6si 11 Apyrnx cnpaw11ea11, no4eMy
cyAb6a TaK 3110 wyT11T c 11t0AbM11, 111111 1110A11 3110 · wyTsiT
c CYAb6oi:i?
411Ta11 11 nepe4HTblBa11 11io60BHble poMaHbl 3HaMeHl1TblX
aeTopoe, HO, KpoMe . 11HTl1MHOH 11t06e11, Hl14ero He Ha-
li.Jen,- 113 Hl1X MonaccaH 6011ee Kpaco4HO 11 npaBA11BO
nepeAaeT 11HTl1MHYIO CTOpOHY 11t06e11 - OCTa11bHble OTAe-
11blBalOTCSI 06w,11M11 KpaCl1BblMl1 CllOBaMl1.
co. w.
3HrenbC 11. <Oypbe CKa3a1111 >t<eCTOKylO, HO Hay4-
HYIO npaBAY 0 11t06e11 - 6paKe ceoero epeMeHl1, Ha3blBaSI
6paK np11 Kan11Ta11113Me cnnowHOH npocT11Ty411ei:1, 1111wb. c
TOH pa3H114ei:1, 4TO ec1111 npOCTl1TYTKa TOpryeT CB011M Te110M
«nOWTY4HO» - Ha H04b, TO eepHaSI meHa npOAaeT ce6si
OnTOM, HaecerAa BblXOASI 3aMy>t< 111111 3a 6oraTCTBO, 111111
3a o6w,ecTeeHHOe no11o>t<eH11e, 111111 Apyr11e MaTep11a11bH0-
6b1Toeb1e BblrOAbl, C04eTaSI np11S1THOe c no11e3HblM, HO Hl1
e KoeM c11y4ae He 3a MY>K411Hy.
B Hawe epeMSI Ha611t0Aa11ocb HeMa110 c11y4aee, KOrAa
AeeywK11 BblXOAJ111111 3aMy>K 3a 11erKoeyio Maw11Hy 11 AOpo-
roe nnaTbe. 0TCIOAa HeTPYAHO nOHSITb KOpeHb 311a cynpy-
>KeCKOH HeeepHOCTl1, 11t060BHblX KOHcjl1111KTOB, ceMeHHblX
ApaM 11 HeycTOH411BOCTl1 6paKa 11 T.A. 11 T.n.
Ha AaHHOM :nane o6w,ero 11 3KOHOMl14ecKoro pa3e11T11si,
KOrAa noKa HeT paeeHcTsa e TPYAe no cnoco6HocT11 11 e
noTpe611eH11111 o6w,ecTeeHHoro npOAYKTa no noTpe6HOCTl1
(XOTSI B CBSl311 c oceo60>1<AeH11eM >KeHW,HH OT MHOr11x
06w,ecTeeHHo-Ka6a11bHblX yc11oe11i:1 - 11io6oeb AeM0KpaT11-
4ecK11 Hl14eM He orpaHl14eHa 11 C03AaH~ yc110Bl1SI A11S1 ee
nporpeCCl1BHOro pa.3Bl1Tl1SI AO HaCTOSIW,eH paBHOH, He~.ae11-
Cl1MOH, 411CTOH 11106e11), TpaA114110HHOe CTpeM11eH11e K C4a-
CTblO B Marep111a11bH0-6blTOBOM CMblCJle, 6011bwe 4eM ·Ay-
XOBHaSI CTOpOHa 11t06e11, ew,e rny6oKO C11A11T B yMe Ka>KAOH
>KeHW,HHbl, OHa BblHY>KAeHa CMOTpeTb Ha My>Ka npe>KAe
ecero KaK Ha 11cT04Hl1K cpeACTB K cyw,ecTeoeaH!'llO 11114HO
224
caMoi1 H 611aH>coc.10SJHHs1ceo1-1x Aerei1, ·H npHeSJ3aHa oHa
K ceMeHHOMY ,04ary KaK MarepHaJ1bHO 3aBHCSJ~ee cy~e
cnfo, eo MHon~x· eoripocax 6e3eOJ1bHOe H AaneKo He paeHoe
My>+<y, 4TO HapywaeT' npHHU.Hri mo6eH - a6cOJ1IOTHOe
paeeHCTBO.
no3TOMY e~e Ha AOJ1rOe epeMSJ OCTaeTCSJ HeH36e>+<HOH
«OnroeaSJ npoAa>+<a Ha ece epeMSJ» co eceMH ero HenpH-
SJTHblMH MopanbHblMl-1, HpaecreeHHblMH H np04HMH nocneA-
CTBHSJMH.
Ho nporpeccHeHaSJ H Ky11b1ypHaSJ 4aCTb M0110Ae>+<H HH
B KOeM c11y4ae He A011>+<Ha MHpHTbCSJ c 3THM, cneAyeT,
np1-1cnoca6111-1eaSJcb K o6craHoeKe, co4eTaTb Ma1ep1-1a11bH0-
6b11oeyt0 CTOf'>OHY c AYXOBHOH CTOpOHOH nio6eH, CTpeMSJCb
e nepeyio 04epeAb K nocneAHeMy.
li1HCTHHKTHBHOe HHTHMHOe 4YBCTBO - pa6 co6na3Ha, MH-
MOJleTHOe ene4aT neHHe, ropSJ4Ka 6e3 yMa. YAOB11.e1eopeH-
Hbri1 co6na3H - pa304apoeaHHe.
Co>KHTellbCTBO 6e3 Ilt06e1-1, nio6oeb e c1-111y npHBbl4KH,-
npHHY>+<AeHHe ce6SJ. '
Cy~HOCTb 4e11oeeKa - yM. Pa3yM - rocnOAHH 4yec1ea.
Jlt06HTb pa3yMHO - Ilt06HTb yMoM, AYWOH H npeAaHHO.
HacToSJ~aSJ nio6oeb He A011>+<Ha 6b1Tb OAH03Ha4Hoi1:
yene4eHHe TOJlbKO /lHWb BHewHeH KpacOTOH - KpaTKOBpe-
MeHHaSJ, Il)o6oeb - npoc10 yene4eHHe. _
HenpeMeHHblMH ycllOBHSJMH Hac10S1~ei1, 4HCToi1, npe-
AaHHOH, ~aeHoi1, eceeo3pac1at0~ei1 11t06e1-1 S1B/1SJt0TcS1: 06-
W.HOCTb B3rllSJAOB Ha >+<.H3Hb, Ha cpH3HOJ10rHIO nio6eH (no-
JlOBOH noA6op), Ha Mopanb, Hpaebr, xapaKTep nt06e1-1 (co-
4eTaHHSI oco6eHHOCTei1), paeeHCTBO B nt06e1-1, B3aHMOnOHH-
MaHHe B nt06BH, Ha B3aHMOnOAAep>+<Ky, Ha nepcneKTHBbl, Ha
ou.eHKY ponH CTOpOH B 11t06e1-1.
Jlt06S1~He B 3THX eonpocax H BO B3r11SJAaX AO/l>i<Hbl 6b1Tb
o6SJ3aTeJ1bHO eAHHOMblW/leHHHKaMH, B npoTHBHOM c11y4ae
HeJlb3SI HX Jlt06oeb' Ha3BaTb BCeCTOpOHHe pa3BHTOH, ycTOH-
4HBOH. C11eAoea1ellbHO, 6e3 Aenoebrx H 1eop4ecK1-1x e3a-
HMOOTfioweHl1i1 H B3aHMOnOHHMaHHSI HeT nt06e1-1, a eCTb
4HCTO nocTeJlbHble, cpopMallbHble cynpy>+<eCKHe OTHOWe-
HHSJ - eceTSlrOTelO~ee 6peMSJ Ha BCIO >KH3Hb, OAH03Ha4HaSI,
BHeWHSISI, HeAOilrasi, 6blCTpoyracaio~aSJ, enOCileACTBHH JlH-
u.eMepHaSI Jlt060Bb.
Jlio6si~He c4aCTJlHBble paeHbre napbl nonaAatOTCSJ (npae-
Aa, peAKO) 8 Hawei1 cpeAe. 0HH e tiac1osiu.r,eM CMblCile
CJlOBa C4aCT JlHBble eAHHOMblWJleHHHKH: CKpOMHbl, CBe>+<H,
AellOBHTbr, y HHX HenOAAellbHaSJ APY>+<6a H mo6oeb, Apyr
225
Apyra noHHMalOT, Ae11S1TCS1 ·AO AHa c4acrbeM H ropeM,
rny6oKo eepsiT APYr Apyry, HM 4Y>l<Abl 4yecreo peeHOCTH
H HeyMeCTHaSI 4pe3MepHaSI He>f<HOCTb, OHH yMeno, CKpOMHO
ropAS1TCS1 Apyr ApyroM, pacTyT, pa3BHeaiorcsi reop4eCKH,
TPYAS1TCS1,. OAHHM cnoeoM, >f<HBYT nonHOU.eHHOH >f<H3Hbl0,
a He My4a10TCS1, npeoAoneealOT TPYAHOCTH H AalOT ece A11SI
>f<H3HH H . A11S1 o6w,ecrea. 0HH ropAbl H 611aropOAHbl B
TPYAe, e 6b1Ty H ceMbe.
0AHH c4acT 11Heeu.-My>1< cKa3an: «3a4eM MHe 6eraTb,
KOrAa y Hae ece HMeeTCSI AOMa - >1<eHa MHe Apyr, TOBa-
pHW,, coeeTHHK, yioT Tena H AYWH MOeH ... »
KorAa eMy 3aAa11H eonpoc, H3MeHsin nH OH >1<eHe HnH
nOA03peean JlH B 3TOM >1<eHy, OH CKa3an: «npH3HaTbCSI,
SI HaA 3THM eonpoCOM AO CHX nop Aa>1<e He noAyMam>.
06a OHH 6blJ1H YMHble, OAHHaKoeoro pa3BHTHSI H o6pa-
30BaHHSI JllOAbMH, MY>I< Ha· no11ro11oeb1 cro'Sln ebrwe >1<eHbl,
OHa 3TO npH3Haeana c rOpAOCTblO.
BoT H ece, 4TO si xoTen HanHcaTb Ha TBOH nocneAHHH .
eonpoc e nHCbMe or 16.07.43 r.
08.43
T. T. A6AblKBnblKOBy, naHKpBTOBOH
BbrWeAwasi e ceer «"1cropHsi Ka3axcKOH CCP» noA

eaweH peAaKu.HeH, 6e3yc110BHO, SIBJlSleTCSI u.eHHblM BKJla.-
AOM, rAe enepebre npaBAHBO Hawno Hay4HOe o6o6w,eHHe
npownoe Hawero HapoAa.
SI c .611aroAapHOCTb10 OTMe4alO A06pocoeecTHbre H npH-
11e>1<Hb1e TPYAbl aeropoe-cocTaBHTenei1 KHHrH, 04HCTHBWHX
HCTOpHio OT xnaMa 11>1<eHay4HblX, 11>1<eMapKCHCTCKHx YMblW-
neHHblX t1 - HeyMblWneHHblX HCKa>1<eHH.H, AOXOAHBWHX AO
eynbrapHbH KneeeTbl Ha HCTOpHIO H Ha ponb J1H4HOCTH B
o6w,eCTBeHHO-nonHTH4eCKOM, X03SIHCTBeHHO-KY1lbTYPHOM
cpopMHpoeaHHH H pa3BHTHH Hawei1 HaU,HH, HecnpaeeA11HBO
OTpHu.aewHx nporpeccHBHYIO HCTOpH4eCKYIO AesiTenbHOCTb
rocyAapcTeeHHblX, o6w,ecreeH.HblX AeS1Tenei1 npownoro . ':'
HeyMHOrO 803Myw,eHHSI HeKOTOpblX rope-HccneAOBaTenei;i
HeMapKCHCTCKHMH B3r11S1AaMH xaHOB, cynTaHOB, 6aee H np~
H BHAeBWHX. no3TOMY B HHX TOJlbKO «HapOAHblX Kpoeo-
nHHU, - 6aHAHT.oe», a HHKaK He A06ponopS1A04HOro My)Ka
ceoero epeMeHH.
226
0TAaBaSI AOJl>KHOe M MCKpeHHe Bblpa>KaSI 611aroAapHOCTb
.aBT()PCKOM'f KOJ:IJleKT_MBY KHMry, OAHOBpeMeHHO C4MTatO
CBOMM AOJlrOM npeAJlO>KMTb eaweMy BHMMaHMIO CJleAy-
IOW,Me 3aMe4aHMSI no rnaee XXXI § 84 KHMrM, KOTopasi Ha
MOH e3rnsiA _aeTopoM HanMcaHa HeA06pocoeecTHO,......,.. He yT-
PY>KAasi ce6si rny6oKMM M3y4eHMeM eonpoca, a npocTo
orpaHM4Measicb o6o6w,eHMeM, Hacnex HanMcaHHblM Ha ceAne
KOppecnOHAeHTCKOH pa3Ma3HM, He COAep>Kaw,ei1 B ce6e HH
cyTM, HH COAep>KaHMSI 6oeBblX Ae/1 AeCSITKOB TSICSl4 cpa>Ka-
IOW,MXCSI JltOAeH, 6oeBblX onepaU,MH c rny6oKMM TaKTHKO-
CTpaTerM4eCKHM 3Ha4eH11eM, BJlHSIHHSIMM, nocneACTBMSIMH
Ha XOA co6b1TMH, 6osi, eoHHbl. "1Ha4e, 4eM o6"bsicHMTb
TpacpapeTHOe M3JlO>KeHMe H 06M11Me o6w,MX cppa3, He 0606-
W,alOW,MX pe3y11bTaTOB Mopsi nponMTOH KpOBM, TPYAHOCTH
M paAOCTM no6eA M rope4H HeyAa4, ypoKos Kposasoro
onb1Ta BOHHbl, ponH 11M4HOCTM, 3Ha4eHMSI no11K0BoA4ecKOH
AeSITeJlbHOCTM KOMaHAMPOB, OTBarH COJlAaT H, HaKOHeu,, cyTb
Maccosoro repoM3Ma - npaBAMBOe onMcaHMe HCTOpH4e-
CKMx cpaKTOB.
MHe Ka>KeTcsi:
1. ,ll,e~cTBMSI _AMBM3MH He yssi3aHbl c o6w,ei1 o6cTaHOBKOH
H no110>1<eHMeM CTopoH Ha cf>pOHTe. C11eAOBaTe11bHO, He
noKa3aHO 3Ha4eHMe M BJlMSIHMe 6oeBblX AeHCTBMH AMBM3MH
Ha 06w,yt0 o6cTaHOBKY BOHHbl.
2. 0TCtoAa npaBAMBO M rpaMOTHO He ocsew,eHa .cyn,;
M COAep>KaHHe 6oeeblX nOABHrOB, 3ac11yrH AHBM3HH B pe-
weHMH onepaTMBHO-TaKTH4eCKHX M ee MeCTO B peweHHH
CTpaTerH4eCKHX 3aAa4, KpoMe o6w,Hx «... 0Tpa>1<aswei1
CTpaWHblH HaTHCK 4MCJ1eHHO npeBOCXOARW,ero epara ... » H
CTaTHCTHKH pe3y11bTaTOB 6oee.
3. He AaH HacTosiw,Hi1 eoeHHblH nopTpeT reHepana "1eaHa
BacMnbeBH4a flaH<f>Hnosa KaK no11KOBOA4a; opraHM3aTopa
H pyKOBOAHTensi HepaBHblX opMrHHaJlbHblX 6oee, cMenor~
HOBaTopa eoeHHOH MblCJlM, TaKTMKH, MeTOAHCTa-eocnHTaTe-
JlJI COJlAaT. ,ll,a>Ke HeT MblCJlH 0 npM4MHaX ero no6eAbl:
npeBOCXOACTBO onepaTMBHoro MCKYCCTBa reHepana HaA He-
npHRTeJlbCKHMH reHepanaMH. OH, pewHrenbHO HaBR3b1eaS1
re:sotO so11t0 npOTMBHHKy, 6H11 no. YR3BHMblM 3BeHbRM 6oe-
!aoro nopRAKa, CKOBblBaJl MaJlblMH CMJlaMH MaHeepeHHOCTb
H:pynHOH 'cHJlbl npOTMBHHKa, CMeno M BMecTe c TeM pac•
4eT11Heo MaHespHpyR · csoMMH nonKaMM, HaHocMn yAap Ha
pewatow,eM y4aCTKe, e pew,aiowtow,MM · MOMeHT. Ero yM,
eom1, MacTepcTeo H rM6KaS1 TaKTHKa oq>H4epoe. - .ero eo-
227
cmtTaHHHKOB ..,--- eenH AHBH3HIO •. K 1106eAaM," yeeH4aHHblM
cnaeoH. OH 6bin reopa.toM. no6eAbl.
4. He .noi<aaaHbl o<f>H1.tepb1 6nH>KHero 6osi, TaKTH4ecKoro
coo6pa>KeHHSl H HaaHa4eHHSl: OTeara, Kotopasi npe>KAe ece-
ro 3aKnt04aeTCSl B CMenOCTH npHHSlTOro HM peweHHSl, Aanb-
HOBHAHOCTH, B. Tpe3BOM y<1eTe o6cTaHOBKH H COOTHOWeHHSl
c11n, yeepeHHOCTH H AeHCTBHH, TBOp'leCKOH MblCnH yMa,
HenpeKnOHHOH BOnH B npoeeAeHHH B >KH3Hb npHHSlTOro
peweHHSl, rny6oKOMbtcneHHoro AeHCTBHSl ynpaeneHHSl 60-
eM, OrHeM, 'IYBCTBaMH H nCHXHKOH MaCCbl COnAaT, HCKyc-
HOro, YMHOro eoeHHOro BO>KaKa 'laCTH H nOApaaAeneHHH,
HX ponb e 6ot0, e nt060H o6cTaHOBKe 6osi, a He eoo6w.e
OTAenaTbCSl o6w,HMH <f>paaaMH « ••. noA i<oMaHAOBaHHeM Ta-
Koro-TO».
5. He noKaaaH 06paae4 BOHHa, npocToro, 0Tea>1<Horo,
OCMblCneHHO AeHCTBytaw.ero, XHTporo, CMeTnHBOro, COnAa-
Ta-rpa>KAaHHHa.
6. He oceew.eHbl cyTb, coAep>KaHHe H nocneACTBHSl
npoS1eneHHOro Maccoeoro repOH3Ma, npH'IHHbl H aaKOHO-
MepHOCTH HMH OAep>KaHHblX no6eA.
7. AeTop Mano cneAHT aa o6opoTaMH ceoeH pe<1H, Aa>Ke
-MblCnH, H306HnySl CTpOKH HeCKpOMHO rOpAenHBblMH, .vlano-
o6AyMaHHblMH, HenpaBAOnOA06HblMH Bbtpa>KeHHSlMH, BblXO-
A-SlUJ,HMH aa paMKH BCSlKOro npHnH'IHSl - Henpee30HAeHHOH
n>KH, KaK, H'artpHMep: «SlpKHH 06paae4 CTOHKOCTH H OTBarH
nposieHn nonK noA KOMaHAOBaHHeM nonKOBHHKa Kanpoea».
3TOT nonK OAHH oTpa>Kan HaTHCKH nSlTH 0T6optt1:>1x HeMe4-
KHX AHBH3HH?! TaKHX cny<1aee eoeHHaSl HCTOpHSl He 3Hana AO
CHX nop, I H Sl, >KHBO~ CBHAeTenb, OnHpaSlCb Ha eoeHHYIO
HayKy H 1CKpOMHblH OnbtT 6oee, HMetO OCHOBaHHe yTeep-
>KAaTb, 4TO H enpeAb B. HCTOpHH BOHHbl TaKHX nonKOB He
6yAeT. BHAHMO, aeTop npocTo He noAyMan, 4TO xoTSl
TaKTHKa H He MaTeMaTHKa, Ha BOHHe eenH'IHHa He coxpa-
HSleT ceoero nOCTOSlHCTBa - B03MO>KHbl BCSlKHe HeO>KHAaH-
HOCTH, KaKOBbl 6bt OHH HH 6btnH, HO OHH orpaHH4eHbl
HaeecTHblM aaKOHOM - e npeAenax eoaMO>KHOCTH onbtTa
BOHHbl.
TaKHe B3AOpHbte CTpOKH CHH>KatOT AOCTOHHCTBa KHHrH.
8. nQAMOCKOBHaSl MaHeepeHHaSl o6opoHa. H 3HMHee
HacTynneHHe 1942 r. SlBnSltOTCSl . OT AenbHl;>IMH HCTOpH'leCKH-
MH :nana'MH xoAa 0Te<1ecTeeHHOH BOHHbt c oco6eHHOCTSlMH
Ka>KAOH . 113 HHX 6ea BCSlKOH TO>KAeCTBeHHOCTH co6btTHH,
o6cTaHOBKH H epeMeHH H. ycnoeHH 6oee. B 3THX ,i:l,eyx
228
inOeopOTHbl)C 3.Tanax •. AHBM31'1Sl. c' AO(l.TOHHCTBOM" ..,, •c.. '4'eCTtilO
BblWn,a Ha no4eTHOe MeCTO..e. Bbln'OJlHeHH'l'I ·noc'f.aeneHHOH
3aAa4M. 3TH ABa nep1-10Aa c11aeHb1x.:6oe·eb1x ·,o;e11 tie noKa-
3aHbl B KHHre ·OTAellbHO •
. 9. 0 AOCTOMHOM npeeMHHKe H' eepHOM npOAOll>KaTe11e
Aena nattcj:>1-111oea, 06 YMHOM H HCKYCHQM nonKOBOAU,e,
eo>KaKe AHB"13HH, reHepane llleaHe M1-1xaiii11oe1-14e 4HCTSIKO-
ee, nOA KOMaHAOBaHHeM KOTOporo AHBH3HSl B HacTynaTellb-
HblX 6osix Han1-1ca11a BTOpyio CTpaHHU.Y ceoei1 cn.aeHOH 'HC-:
TOpHH "1 YAOCTOeHa OpAeHa JleHHHa, B KHHre He CKa3aHO HH
eAHHoro cnoea.
10. He o6o6w,eHbl ypoKH eoi1Hbl, ·He ebmsi4.eH p'ocT
eo1-1Ha e orHe 6oee 1-1 1-1x eocn1-1TaTenbHOe ·3Ha4eH1-1e.
11. Mano yAeneHo BHHMaHHSl Teop4ecKoi1 Mb1c111-1, ·Ha-
POAHOH MYAPOCTH, pO>KAeHHoi1 ·e 6oio, KpacHoapM>ei1cKHM
H HapOAHblM TBOp4eCTBOM, CT011b 6oraTO OTpa>KalOW,HM
nonynsipHOCTb eoi1Hbl.
Ko11eHonpeK110HeHHO npowy 1-13e1-1HeHHS1 3a rpy6o HeOT-
w111-1cj:>oeaHHOe H3110>KeHJ'1e MblC11H.
C rny6oKHM yea>KeH1-1eM K eaM

reapAl-1"1 n011KOBH"1K
P. C. >KenaTenbHO 6b1110 6b1 OAHOMY 1-13 eaw1-1x COTPYA-

HHKOB Ha Mecsiu. np1-1exaTb B AHBH3"1IO c u,enblO H3y4eHHSl
HCTOpl-11-1 AHBH3HH Ha MeCTHblX MaTep1-1a11ax npH COOTBel'-
CTBYIOW,ei1 KOHcynbTaU,HH pyKOBOAS1W,1-1x y4aCTH"1K·oe· (noi<a
OHH >KHBbl, TaK KaK Aa>Ke Han1-1caHHb1e Hacnex onepaTHBHble
AOKyMeHTbl WTa6a He ecerAa n011HOU,eHHO, AeTallbHO OT-
pa>KalOT Aei1cTBHTenbHYIO o6cTaHOBKY 1-1 no110>1<eH1-1e Aena
Ha TaKOM eeCbMa WHpOKOM cj:>pOHTe, npH AaneKO Hep;ocTa-
T04HblX cpeACTeax CBSl3H) A11Sl 1-1cnpae11eHHSl :HOM rnaBbl BO
BTOpOM H3AaHHH KHHrH.
1.09.43.
3EMnSIKAM
KaK eaw 3eM11S1K-cj:>poHTOBHK, HCKpeHHe no3Apaensiio

eac c Hoeb1M 1944 roAOM.
nycTb ece MOH 11y1.1w1-1e no>Ke11aH1-1si conyTcTeyioT eaM
e 3TOM rOAY Ha eoeHHOM H Tpyp;oeoM cj:>poHTe.
229
nycTb B 3TOM . rOAY 6yAyT CMeTeHbl C n11U,a 3eMnl1
ABYHOr11e 3eep11 - HeMe4K11e 3axeaT'111K11.
nycTb 3TOT rOA 6yAeT rOAOM OKOH'laTenbHOM no6eAbl
HaA eparoM.
nycT~ 3TOT rOA 6yAeT C'laCTnl1BblM rOAOM paAOCTHOM
BCTpe'111 cppoHTOBl1KOB c ceMb51Ml1 nocne OKOH4aTenbHOM
no6eAbl 11 TOp>KecTea HaA HeHae11cTHblM eparoM.
nycTb. 3TOT rOA 6y AeT rOAOM C4aCT n11eoro TPYAOBOro
nOAbeMa, 0611nbHOro ypo>1<aS1 Ha Konxo3HblX nonS1x, cTaxa-
HoecKoro TPYAa Ha npo113BOACTBe; Teop4ecKoro ycnexa
Mb1Cnl1 B HayKe, m!TepaType 11 11CKYCCTBe.
Cnaea 11 4eCTb OTBa>KHblM ocp114epaM 11 conAaTaM eo-
eHHoro 11 TPYAOBoro cppoHTOB, AeHb 11 H04b rpOM511.l\11M
epa>1<ecKyto He411CTb caMOOTeep>1<eHHOM OTearoM e TPYAe
11 6oto.
CMepTb 11 npoK1151Tbe HeMe4K11M H3eepraM!
(Han1-1caHo no npocb6e Ka3paAHOKOMHTeTa).
29.12.43
r.AnMa-ATa
Mbl B03MY>KAnM B CPA>KEHMSIX
28 'reapAei:i4ee-~aH<J>1111oe4ee Kpoebto ceoei:i 3aeoeean1-1

npaeo H1a 6eccMepTHe. 0 HHX notoT necHH e HapoAe,
cnaratoT nereHAbl, 11x 11MeHa coxpaHS1TCS1 e eeKax K(!K
CHMeon My>KecTea, repoMCTea. HeMepKHYLL\eH BOHHCKOM
cnaeoi:i oeeSIHO HMS! nepeoro KOMaHA11pa Hawei:i AHBH31111
i-leaHa Bac11nbeB114a naH<J>11noea. i-1 HepeAKO 51 3aMe4an
11cKpeHHee yA11eneH11e e eonpoce:
- Bbl AeikTe11TenbHO 113 naH<J>11noecKOH A11Bl131-111?
- ,D,a,- OTBe4aeT naH<J>1111oee4.
3To He 4YA0-6oraTb1pb, He ee1111KaH. ,D,o eoi:iHbl 3TOT
4enoeeK TPYA1111C51 rAe-H116yAb e Ko11xo3e, pa6ora11 Ha
cpa6pHKe .111111 3aBOAe, c11y>1<1111 6yxra11TepoM B KaKOM-Hl1-
6yAb y4'pe>KAeHl1H. KoHe4HO, KOrAa BOT TaKOH M11pHbl.j;j
coeeTCKl1H rpa>KAaHl1H . HaAe11 C011AaTCKYIO Wl1He11b 11 e351~
B PYKl1 Bl1HTOBKy, OH He CTan el.l\e OT 3TOro BOl1HOM. ' .
i-1 ec1111 113 TaKOH pa3HOwepCTHOH onon'leH4eCKOH MaCCbl
reHepan naHcp11110B 3a ABa C n0110Bl1HOH-Tp11 MeCS14a cyMell
cKonciTl1Tb 6oeeoe .
coeA11HeH1-1e, TO
.
e 3TOM ero ~acnyra.
230
.. naH<f>HnOB O.TnH4HO Bn(IAen H.CJ<YCCTBOM BeAeHHSI 60S1,
o6naAan 6oeeOH CMenOCTbl0 1 6bln HOBaTOpOM BOeHHOH
MblCllH, TaKTHKH. OH yMen 3aeoeeaTb. onepan1eHoe npe-
HMyw.ecTBO HaA reHepanaMH npOTHBHHKa, pewa.tTenbHO Ha-
BSl3b1Ban HM CBOIO eonio, KpenKO 61-111 no caMblM YSl3BHMblM
3eeHbS1M 6oeeb1x nopsiAKOB epara,. HaHoca.1n eMy YAapb1 Ha
pewalOW.HX y4aCTKax, B pewalOW,HH MOMeHT.
OH 6b1n 04eHb 4enoee4HblM, 04eHb 4YTKHM reHepanoM.
Yea>Kan COnAaTa, u,eHHll ero 4enoee4eCKOe AOCTOHHCTBO.
HeaH Baca.tnbeea-14 rny6oKo HHTepHau,1-10HaneH. 6yAY4H pyc-
CKHM, OH 6e33aeeTHO 11!061'111 CBOIO HaU,HIO, 3Han ee ny4WHe
.
6naropOAHb1e TpaAHU,HH, ropAa.tncsi HMH. B ceeTe :noro OH
Jit06Hn H yea>Kan HapoAbl APYrHX Hau,1-10HanbHOcTel1.
.
H e Hawel1 8-H- reapAei1cKol1 AHBH3HH, pyKa 06 pyt<y, KaK
pOAHble 6paTbSI, Apa11HCb c eparOM pyccKHe, Ka3aXH, KHp-
rH3bl, yKpaHHU,bl, y36eKH. .
naH<f>Hnoe Y4H11 CBOHX O<f>Hu,epoe TaKTH4eCKOH ra.t6KO-
CTH. Y4Hn 6b1Tb He CTOnbKO COnAaTaMH Kyna4HOro 6osi,
CKOnbKO conAaTaMH yMa. KoMaHAHP - M03r eol1cK, opra-
HH3aTop 6osi, Teopeu, no6eAbl. OH o6si3aTenbHO pa6oTHHK
Teop4eCKHH. OceHblO '1941 roAa nat1<f>a.1noeu,b1 rpyAblO ecTa-
na-1 Ha 3aW.HTY MocKebr. 0AHH ·reapAeeu, 6brn npoTHB wecTH
rHT11epoecK1o1x 6aHAHTOB. Beeb MHp Hanpsi>t<eHHO cneAHn
3a ::.n1MI eeni-t4al1wHM HepaeHblM cpa>t<eHa.teM. "1 Mbl no6e-
AHnH. no6eAHnH He . 4HCnOM, a yMeHHeM, nOTOMY 4TO
TaKTH4eCKHH nepeeec 6brn Ha CTOpoHe HaWHX KOMaHAHPOB.
BeAb HeAapoM roeopHT MYAPOCTb Ka3axcKoro HapoAa:
«KynaKOM no6eAHWb OAHoro, YMOM - TblCSl4H».
OcHoeHasi 3aAa4a KOMaHAHpa - eocna.tTaTb e conAaTe
My>KeCTBO, npHBHTb eMy TeXHHKY C011AaTCKOro peMecna,
HCKYCCTBO BeAeHHSI 6osi. HMeHHO TaK"1X KOMaHAHPOB H
eocn"1Tail .Haw reHepan.
Yc.BOHB OCHOBbl BOeHHOro HCKYCCTBa, MHpHblH coeeTCK"1H
rpa>t<AaHHH cTan conAaTOM-eo11f-loM. Ho OH rio-npe>t<HeMy
ocTancsi 4enoeeKOM, TaKHM >Ke npocTblM, TPYAOnio611eb1M,
gecKOHe4HO CKpOMHblM, KaK H AO rp03HOro HIOHSI 1941
'rbAa. TaK >Ke He>KHO mo61-1T OH ManeHbKoro 6yTy3a-cbrHa
'li1!n11 SlcHorna3yio A04ypKy, n11weT >KeHe 3aAyweeH6re Ten-
nbre nHCbMa, Tpenew.eT OT paAOCTH · nio6e1-1, ow.yw,aeT ca-1-
'SIHHe · sipr<oro conHe4Horo AHS1> H nna4eT. ropbKO nna4eT,
onytKasi · ·B MOrHny Teno nor116wero 6oeeoro TOBapHUJ.a.
83rpycTHeT, 3aAyMaencsi, K-OrAa He e Mepy TS1>1<eno. OH
231
ycTae'I' · cpH3·H4ecKH. B rpyAH ero 6beTCSl T;;moe· me·. cepAL\e,
KaK -Y Ka>KAOrO H3 Hae.
OH· ropA .ceo.H.M 4enoee4ecKHM AO(lTOHHGTBOM, _cso,e!i
~AHHCTBeHHOH B MHpe·'CB()60AHOH 4YA~C!-tc;>H .MaTepblO-.po-
AHHOH, CBOHM npa130M Ha Tpyp,, OH KpOBblO aaw.Hw.aei: CBOIO
>KH3Hb, ceoe co6cTeeHHoe c4aCTbe, ceoio 4,eCTb. OH rop-
AHTC~ .CBOHMH 6paTbSlMHno Hal\HH, mo6HT HX,.
- 3.TO oco6eHHaSl rOpAOCTb· ceo60AHOro COBeTCKOro 48-
f!OBeKa. A e 6oio nH4HaSl H.. HaU,HOHcinbHaSl r()pAOCTb no-
'po>KAaeT. OTeary, My>t<eCTBO. «My>t<y. 4eCTb AOpO>t<e >KH3HH •
. noaop, 6ec4eCTbe - CTpaWHee CMepTH»,- rnaCHT Ka3aX-
CKaSl t-lapoAHaSl nocnoeHu,a.
ConA<iT npe>t<Ae ecero MY>K H dTeu,. HeMeu, Kpoeaeoli
nanoM 3aMaxHyncJI Ha. ero C8Mbl0, AOM, C4aCTbe. OH xo'4eT
y6HTb H ero caMoro. A 4enoeeK cTpacTHO xo4eT >KIHb · H
, HAeT' B. 6oH, 4T06 >KHTb, a He yMepe1b.
HeN.e4 coeceM 6nH3KO, ·HO 6oeu, ero ew.e ·He BHAen
nHU,OM K nHu,y. "1 e Aywe ero >KHBYT ABa 4yecTea - CTpax
-.... AOnr. B KpHTH4eCKHH MOMeHT 6osi OHH ecTynalOT · e
cMepTenbHYIO 6opb6y. TpyAHO HaHTH · 3AeCb nOAXOASlW.He
-cpaeHeHHSl. CaMble ceHpenb1e 3eepH · He cnoco6Hbl TaK
p,paTbCSl. no6ep,HT CTpax - Tbl Tpyc, no6eAHT p,onr -.Tbl
OTea>KeH. KoMaHAHP AOn>KeH 6blTb cepp,u,eeep,oM H ncHxo-
.noroM.· OH AOn>KeH 3HaTb, 4TO caMblH yKpenneHHblH py6e>t<
He.MHOroro CTOHT, ecnH He yKpenneHbl AYWH .6o11u,os .
. . . HeT Ha- ceeTe 6eccTpaWHblX nlOAeH. no KpaHHeH Mepe,
3a ABa c nonOBHHOH . rOAa Sl He BHAen HX Ha cppOHT..e.
repOH3M. TO>Ke He p,ap npHpOAb1 1 a pe3ynbTaT BOHHCKOrO
.eocnHTaHHSl. "1 cyw.HOCTb :noro · eocnHTaHHSl 3aKnl04aeTCSl
e yMeHHH npeoAoneTb ece TPYAHOCTH H TsirOTbl noxOAHOH
eoeHHOH >KH3HH, B yMeHHH npeOAOneeaTb CTpax.
B 6oio conAaTa conpoeO>t<AaeT HHCTHHKT· caMocoxpaHe-
HHSl, HaAe>KAa Ha >KH3Hb corpeeaeT cepAu.e. A TO,· 4TO Mbl
Ha3b1eaeM oTearoli, My>t<eCTBOM,. po>t<p,aeTCSl y>t<e Ha none
cpa>t<eHHSl. Korp,a conAaT co6cTBeHHblMH :rna3aMH y6eAHTCSl,
4TO epar - He ceepxbecTecTeeHHoe orHep,b1waw.ee CTanb-
HOe 4YAOBHW.e, a CMepTHOe >KHBOe cyw.ecTeo, 4TO ero KO>KY
·npo6H·BaeT nynSl H WTblK, a 6pOHIO ~ CHapSIA; TOrAa CTpax
no6e>KAeH, H 4enoeeK HAeT y6HTb HeMu,a, 4T06bl. >K11iib.
B >t<apKOM · cxeaTKe HeT MblCnH o · CMepTH, ecTb TOnbKO
Mory4aSl, 6e3yp,ep>1<HaSl, eceno6e>t<Aa10w.asi >t<a>t<Aa >KH3Hl'1~
<~Boiosi, yYHCb, aaKansilicsi, My:»<ali. He ToponHCb YMH-
paTb, .Y4HCb eoeeaTb>~,- 4acro roeopHn HaM "1eaH BacHnb-
eeH4 naHcp_Hnoe. 3To MYAPOe npael'ino. H ceH4aC >KHBeT
232
,· e. HaweH reapAei1cKoi1 ·AlitBH3Hl1.•' no•' HeM y · ·r1arcJ1 eoeea.Tb
HOBl14Kl1, CTaBW"1e Ha MeCTO naBWlitX;' B 6ot0; . reapAeHU,bl-
naticpHilOBU,bl eb1poc:nw w B03My>1<an1-1 e cpameH"1JIX, nj)C;>wnH
Ha BOHHe cypoeylO WKony nOAnHHHoro rep0113MCi .. Mbl
HChblTailH CHJlbHeHwyK> . nt06oeb. H 'HeHaBl\iCTb ... B 6opi:.6e
3a >t<"13Hb Mbl HaY4Hn"1Cb no6e>t<A<iTb CTpax.
B Hawei1 A"1BH3"1"1 cnO>t<Hn1o1cb cnaeHbre 6oeeb1e TpaA"1-
u,1o11o1 Maccoeoro rep0"13Ma. 28 reapAei1u,ee-naHcp1o1Jioeu,ee,
BCTyn"1BWHX B HepaBHblM 6oH c 50 c'ranbHblM"1 4YAOBHl1J,aMH
y 'BonoKonaMcKoro wocce,~ TOnbKO OAHa S1pKaJ1 ero cTpa-
H1o1u,a. ·11, 16,20,50, 100 naHcpHnoeu,ee, ecJI . AHBH3HSI noKpbrna
ce6si ropAOH eo1o1HCKOH cnaeoi1. Eioi1u,b1-naiicp1o1noeu,b1 Ha
none 60J1 6ecnow.aAHO 1o1cTpe6nsit0T epar~, MCTSIT eMy 3nOM
3a 3no, KpOBblO 3a KpOBb, CMepTblO 3a CMepTb.
CTpaweH epary TaKoi1 eo1o1H! Ho "1. ceH4ac naHcp1o1noeeu,
. TaKoi1 >Ke, KaK 1o1 np&>t<Ae, 4enoeeK .c 6onbWHM 6naropoA-
HblM cepAu,eM. .sl 3Hal0, .ecn1o1 cei14ac Ha nepeAHeM Kpae
BblAanacb M"1HYTKa 3aT"1WbJI, M0"1 TOBap1o1w.1o1 no opy>t<HIO
·nHWYT . 3aA.yweBHble HOBOrOAH"1e np1o1eeTbl >K.eHaM, M.aTe-
' pSIM, AeTSIM. 1-1 B 3TY npa3AHH4HYIO eeCT04KY OHH BKnaAbl-
BalOT ecio csoio AYWY, eclO c1o1ny ceoei1 orpoMHOH MY>KCKOH
·nt06e1o1.
C HoebrM rOAOM! C HOBblM <:4aCTbeM, AOpor1o1e TOea-
p1o1w,1o1-cppoHTOB"1K1o1! CeH4ac si epeMeHHO He ·c eaMH, BAan1o1
OT- AHB"13H"1, .· e pOAHOM Ka3axcTaHe~ .si xo4y OT eawero
"1MeHH ropsi4o n03ApaeHTb 3eMnsiKoe-Ka3axcTaHu,ee •c Ho-
·ebrM 1944 rOAOM.
· nycTb B 3TOM rOAY 6y AyT Haecer Aa CMeTeHbl . C ·. n1o1u,a
·3eMn"1 ABYHOr"1e 3BepH - HeMeU,KHe 3axeaT4HKH. nycTb
3TOT rOA 6yAeT rOAOM OKOH4aTenbHOH no6eAbl HaA eparoM.
nycTb 3TOT rOA 6y AeT C4·aCT n"1BblM rOAOM · pa,i:\OCTHOH BCTpe-
4"1 cppoHTOBHKOB c ceMbSIMH nocne OKOH4aTenbHOH no6eAbl.
nycTb 3TOT rOA 6yAeT rOAOM paAOCTHor·o TPYAOBOro
nOAbef..\a, 061o1nbHOro ypo>1<aJ1 Ha Konxo3HblX nonsix, CTaxa-
HoecKoro TPYAa Ha npo"13BOACTee, TBOp4ecKoro ycnexa
Mb1cn1o1 e HayKe, n1o1TepaType H 1o1cKyccTee. Cnaea H 4e<:Tb
-o:rea>t<HblM ocp1o1u,epaM 1o1 conAaTaM eoeHHoro H TPYAOeoro
. cppoHTOB, pyKa. 06 pyKy rp0Msiw,1o1x epa>KecKyfO He4"1CTb .
.: . • CMepTb H npoKnSITbe HeMeU,K"1M 1o13eepraM! .
l.01.44
KOMM E ,H·T AP VI VI
nHcaTenSIM - . 0 BOHHe. fBapAMH nOllKOBHHK baypA>KaH

M0Mb1w-y11b1 nocne ne4eHHSI B rocn11Ta11e acneACTBHe pa-
HeHHSI e OAHOM 113 6oee .Bo BpeMSI Ben11KOH 0Te4eCTeeHHOH
BOHHbl e AeKa6pe 1943 roAa np11exa11 e AnMa-ATy. >K11Te1111.
cT01111u,b1 Ka3axcTaHa, 11 e nepeyt0 04epeAb ee Teop4ecKasi
HHTe1111i1reHu,11si, paAYWHO ecTpe4a1111 nereHAapHoro reposi,
CTOllb CTpaCTHO Me4TaBwero BHOBb YBHAeTb CBOM 0T4HH
KpaH, pOAHYIO 3eM11t0.
3a KopoTKHH cpoK npe6b1eaH11si e AnMa-ATe 6aypA>+<aH
ycnen BCTpeTHTbCSI co MHOrHMH H3BeCTHblMH llHTepaTopa-
MH, MacTepaM11 iAcKyccTea 11 o6l4eC·TBeHHbtMH AeS1Te11siM11,
Bbtcryn1111 Ha psiAe Be4epoe-BcTpe1.1.
VIMeHHO e Te AHH sipKo pacKpb11111cb HOeb1e rpaH11
AapoeaHHSI OTBa>KHOro BOHHa 11 AallbHOBHAHOro nonKOBOA-
u.a: 3PYAHLl,HSI, yMeHHe KpHTH4eCKH MblCllHTb, aHallHTH4-
'HOCTb 11 rny611Ha cy>+<AeHHH, OpHrHHaJlbHaSI T04Ka 3peHHSI Ha
MHO>KecTeo npo6neM caMoro pa3Horo xapaKTepa. VIHHU,H-
aTopoM BCTpe4 anMaaTHHU,ee c 6oeBblM Oc!l11u.epoM BblCTY-
rlHll MyXTap Ay33oe.
MyXTap Ay33oe H aKaAeMHK KaHblW CaTnaee, ABH>+<H-
Mbte >KenaHHeM CAellaTb AOCTOSIHHeM rpSIAYW.HX noKOlleHHH
6eccMepTHblH nOABHr BOHHOB-Ka3aXCTaHu,ee, coeepweHHblH
HMM BO BpeMSI o6opoHbl · MocKeb1, H c!laKTbl CilPOHTOBOH
>+<H3HH, BblBOAbl 11 pa3Mb1w11eHHS1 6oeBoro oc!l11u.epa, 06pa-
l4at0TCS1 K 6aypA>+<aHy M0Mb1w-y11b1 c npeA11o>+<eH11eM eb1,..
CTynHTb c neKU,HSIMH nepeA npeACTaBHT011SIMH Hay4HO-Teop-
4eCKOH HHTe111111reHu,1111 AnMa-ATbl. ·
npeAOCTaBllSISI CllOBO 6aypA>KaHy MoMblW-Yllbl, npe3H-
AeHT AH Ka3axcKOH CCP aKaAeMHK K. CaTnaee cKa3ail:
«CeroAHSI Mbl, pa6oTHHKH HayKH, 1111TepaTypb1 11 MCKyccT.sa,
co6pa1111cb, nonb3ysicb npe6b1eaH11eM e AnMa-ATe rBapAHH
,234
nonKOBHHKa 6aypA>KaHa MOMblW-ynbl, 4T06bl 113 ero YCT
ycnbrwaTb pstA 3nH30AOB H3 HCTOpHH BenHKOH 0Te4eCTBeH-
HOH eoHHbl, · H e 4aCTHOCTH, 8-H reapAeHCKOH HMeHH reHe-
pa.na naHcpHnoea AHBH3HH... nonKOBHHK 6aypA>KaH Mo-
MblW-y nbl stBnsteTCSI He TOnbKO y4aCTHHKOM 3THX eoeHHblX
co6blTHM, HO H BeAYW.HM KOMaHAHpOM, TeM Anst Hae U,eHHee
ero 6eceAbl».
B 3THX cnoeax stcHo eb1pa311nacb MblCnb o TOM, 4TO
nono>KeHHSI U,HKna neKU,HH-6eceA 6YAYT HMeTb OCHOBOno-
naraiow,ee 3Ha4eHHe Anst XYAO>KeCTBeHHblX npo113eeAeH11H
o Ben11Koi1 0Te4eCTBeHHOH BOHHe.
Bo epeMst U,HKna neKu,11l1-6eceA, 1;1a4aew11xcst c 19 stH-
eapst 1944 roAa H npOAOn>KaBWHXCSI B Te4eHHe HeAenH,
e>KeAHeeHo c 12 AO 18 4acoe, 6aypA>KaH M0Mb1w-ynb1
o6cTOstTenbHO paccKa3brean cnywaTenstM o ciioeM BHAeHH.H
cj>pOHTOBOM AeikTBHTenbHOCTH, 0 6oeeOM nyTH BOHHOB 8-H
reapAeHCKOH AHBH3HH, 0 HenOBTOpHMO ceoeo6pa3HOH ncH-
xonorHH nlOAeM, oKa3aew1o1xcst e KpoeonponHTHblX cpa>Ke-
HHstx, 0 co6cTeeHHOM eoeHHOM OnbrTe. .
13 OAHOH 113 6eceA e nocneAHHe rOAbl >KH3HH 6aypA>KaHa
MOMblW-ynbl n11caTenb MHe roeop11n, 4TO B apx1-1eax r.Myc-
penoea H ApyrHX AOn>KHbl coxpa"HHTbCSI KOHCner<Tbl 3THX
neKU,Hi1-6eceA, nOTOMY 4TO OH HeOAHOKpaTHO 3aMe4an, 4TO
cnywaTen11 3an11cb1ean11 COAep>KaH11e ero pe4H. 3To noA-
Teep>KAaeTcst H apxHBHblMl1 MaTep11anaMH M. Ay33oea, KO-
TOpblH B 411Cne Apyr11x cnywaTeneH nOAp06HO 11 aKKypaTHO
3aKOHcneKTHpoean HX COAep>KaHHe. 3anl1CH 3Tl1 xpaHstTCSI
e ero o6beMHOH pyKon11c11 «6aypA>KaH, ero 6eceAbl, neK-
u,1111, 4HTaHHbte B Te4eHl1e 6 AHeH ~Heapst 1944 r .» (ApxHB
n11TepaTypHO-MeMop11anbHOrO My3est M. 0. Ay33oea. nanKa
N2 409). .
HenocpeACTBeHHO ecneA 3a 3THMl1 neKU,11stM11 M. Ay33oe
Han11can · paccKa3 uTpe3east MbtCnb - HeOTbeMneMast 4epTa
eo11Ha». PaHbwe OH C03Aan nbecy «feapA11st 4eCTH» H3
cppoHTOBOH >Kl13Hl1 6. MoMbtw-ynbl. 3To roeopHT o TOM, 4TO
M. Ay330B B TOT nep110A co611pan MaTep11anbt M cepbe3HO
r0Toe11ncst K H.an11caHHIO KpynHoro npo1o13eeAeHHst Ha eoeH-
HYIO TeMy.
fnaea «n11caTemtM - 0 BOHHe», B KOTOpOH C HeKOTO-
pblMH coKpaw,eH11stMH eocnpo113eeAeHa cTeHorpacp114ecKast
3anl1Cb BbtCTynneHHSI b. MoMblW-ynbl nepeA n11caTenstMl1,
ny6n11Kyen;:st enepab1e. B · COAep>KaHHl1 rnaebl .OT4ernHBO
npocne>KH.eaeTCjl MblCnb neKTOpa . 0 . TOM, 'rTO (t>aKTbt. H
0
235
no11o>+eeH11S1 ceoero paccKa3a. O··.BOi1He, Mory.r 11e\.fb .a OcHOB¥
6yAyw.11x · xyAo>+eecTeeHHbl·X· · npo1-13eeAeH11ij,, .:11 · -mnepa.Typo-
eeA4ecK11x 11cc11eAOBatt11i1 Ha TeMy Be111-1Koi1 01e4ecTe-ei-IHoi:f
eoi1Hbl.
· ·2. BocnHTaHHe My>1<ecTea; Ha AaHHOH 11eKu,111>1-6eceAe

6. M0Mb1w-y11b1 ccpoj:>My1111poea11 11 06ocHoea11 ceoe 01Ho-
weH11e K npo611eMe eocn111aH11si My>t<ecrea, · 1-13116>1<11e ero
rilaeHbie MOMeHTbl. AHa1111311pysi np11po,qy 'nci1xo.rior114ec1<11x
113MeHeH11i1, Koropbre npo113ow1111 e noeeAeH1111 rpa>K,il,aH
Hawei1 MHOrOHaU,110HallbHOi1 pOA11Hbl BO epeMSI eoi1Hbl, OH
rny6oKO 11 c 6011bWOi1 KOMnereHTHOCT.blO 'pacKpblJl 11X np11-
411Hbl. 11 ceoeo6pa311e. 3rn ero pa3Mbrw11eHHS1 coxpa1-1111111
c.eoe aK1ya11bHOe 3Ha4eH11e 11 AllSI HblHewHero :nana eoeH-
1-10-na1p1101114ecKoro eocn111a1-111si.
MHorne .HecraHAap1Hb1e, orMe4eHH~1e ne4a~b.<, Hoea-
ropcKoro nOAl(OAa pa3MblWJl.eHl1SI aeTopa 0 nposiEi11eHl1SIX
HaU,110HallbHblX 11 11HTepHaU,110HallbHblX ( 06~ecoeerc1<11i:c)
1paA11u,11i1 e yc11oe11six eoi1Hol, o. Mecre 11 po1111. 4e11oee4e-,
CK11X . Ka4eCTB, Bb1pa6oTaHHblX HapOAHOi1 neAarorHKOi1, KO,.
TOpble BOCf111TblBaJla y lllOAeH 111060Bb K OT4eH 3eMl1e •. H
norpe6HOCTb 01c1a11ea1b ee nepeA 1111u,0M 11io6oi1 onacHo-
c111, MoryT HrpaTb ea>KHYIO . pollb B noeCeAH0B.HOi1. BOCnH-
TaTellbHOH pa6ore e MHoroHau,110Ha11bHOH CoeercKoH
ApM1!111 ..
. 3 .. [eHepa11 naHcpHJlOB .. B AaHHOH rna.e.e TaK>Ke c He-

6011bWl1Ml1 COKpa~eH.11SIMl!I eocnpOl!l3BeAeHO COAep>1<aH11te
pa3Mb1u111eH111i1 6. M0Mblw-y11b1,. B.blCKa3aHHblX eo epeMSI
11eKu,1-1 i4-6eceA.
B · rnaee c 4yecreoM oco6oi1 np11t3Hare11bHOCTH. paccKa-
3aHo o c1pa1en14ecKoi1 AallbHOB11AHOCTl!I 11 .TaKT11t4eCKOM
MaCTepCTBe ·. reHepa11a naHcpH110Ba, B Slpl<O . Bblpa>KeHHOM
cpopMe eon11ow,aewero np11Hu,111na-1a11bHO HOBble Ka4ecrea
no11KOBOAU,a;. o ero cMe11b1x peweH115tx, cesi3aHHblX c TOH
111111 11Hoi1. KOHKpeTHOH c11ryau,11ei1; oco6eHHO o ero ore4e,.
CKOM 3a6ore o pSIAOBblX co11AaTax - npeACTae111re11six pa~.,
11H4HblX Hau,110Ha11bHOcrei:i. 6. M0Mb1w-y11b1 Kp111r1-14ecK11 OT:-
Hoc111csi K co6creeHHblM BblBOAaM o npeAMere 6eceAbL_l!I
cneu,11a11bHO npeAynpe>KAaer c11ywa1e11ei:i: <c •• o6pa3 reHe-
pa11a flaHcp11111oea SIBl1J1CSI u,eHTpOM BHl1MaH11S1, crep>KHeBblM
eonpocoM ecei1 6eceAbl •. HacKOJlbKO OH YAancsi, He .3Haio,
236
HO' 'SI' HCKpeHHe ·H 4'eCTHO 'npHnO>KHn Bee CBOH. cnoco6HOCTH,·
4110.6b1 cnpaBeAnHBO n04THTb , naM.RTb "1BaHa BacHnbeBH.ya».'
OH nHTan · oco6oe yea>t<eHHe K repoH4ecKoMy 06pa3y
reHepana naHcf>HnOBa BCIO CBOIO >KH3Hb H, y4aCTBY.R. B
no6eAHOM 3aBepweHHH BOHHbl, o6y4a.Rcb B BoeHHOH aKa-
AeMHH, BblHawHBan 3aMb1cen ero nHTepaTypHoro Bonnow,e-
HH.R, co6Hpan apx.HBHble MaTepHanbl. 6. MOMblW-ynbl. CBOH.
pa3Mb1WneHHSI o. cnaBHOM nonKOBOAU,e BnocneACTBHH H3-
nO>KHn B KHHre ccr eHepan naHcf>HnOB», KOTOpa.R H3AaHa Ha
Ka3aXCKOM, pyccKOM H KHprH3CKOM Sl3b1Kax.
4. BonoKonaMcKoe HanpaBneHHe. ,lJ,aHHasi TeMa OTHO-

CHTC.R K 4Hcily npo6neM, KOTOpble OCBew,anHCb neKTOpOM
caMblM o6cTO.RTenbHblM o6pa30M. 06'beinHBHblH paccKa3
0 MaCCOBOM repOH3Me COBeTCKHX COnAaT npH o6opoHe
BonoKonaMcKoro wocce .RBHncsi cepbe3HOH HCTOp"14ecKoi1
J-inniocTpau,Hei1 neKU,HH-6eceAbl.
"13BeCTHO, 4TO A. 6eK HanHcan CBOIO noBeCTb ccBonoKo~
naMCKOe wocce» Ha OCHOBe co6blTHH :HOH BenHKOH 6HTBbl.
BnocneACTBH11 3TY TeMy cyw,ecTBeHt-to yrny61o1n 6. M0Mb1w-
ynb1 B noBeCTH cc3a HaMH MocKBa». no 3TOH KHHre C03AaH
OAH011MeHHblH XYAO>KeCTBeHHblH cp11nbM.
5. Ha nHreparypHOM cppoHre. B rnaee paccKa3blBa-

ercsi o TBOp4eCKHX B3aHMOOTHoweHH.RX A. 6eKa H 6; Mo-
Mb1w-ynb1, 06 HCTOpH11 C03AaHl1.R noeeCTH ccBonoKonaMCKOe
wocce», CBOeo6pa3HO H YAa4HO pacKpb1Tbl B ttei1 MHOro-
rpaHHa.R BOeHHa.R ncHxonorHsi H pa311H4Hble HIOaHCbl noBe-
AeHH.R y4acTHHKOB BOHHbl.
npH4HHbl H3MeHeHHH, BHeceHHblX B PYKOnHCb. noBeCTH
B npou,ecce HanHcaHHSI H peAaKTHpOBaHHSI KHl1fl1, a TaK>Ke
TBOp4eCKl1e CB.R3H Me>KAY peAaKu,11ei1 11 aBTOpOM, aBTOpOM
H rnaBHblM nepcoHa>KeM, peAaKu,11ei1 11 rnaBHblM nepcoHa-
>KeM, ocTaeaBw11ecsi AO nocneAHero BpeMeH11 Hel13BeCTHbl-
M11 AnSI MaCCOBOfO 4HTaTensi, B rnaBe HaWnH aAeKBaTHOe
OTpa>1<eH11e. Ha Haw B3rn.RA, r11y6HHHasi cyTb HAeH H u,e11ei1,
KOTOpblMH pyKOBOACTBOBanHCb aeT-op 11 rnaBHblH nepcoHa>K,
co·cTOHT B cne.qyiow,11x pa3Mb1wneH11six 6. M0Mb1w-y11b1:
cc6eK HeCeT OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a KHHry, HO OH 4enOBeK He
BbeHHblH H BO ·MHOfHX sonpocax BO'HHbl pa36HpaeTCSI He-
AOC.TaT04HO; B CBOIO 04epeAb, KaK aBTOp MaTepHanoe, SI
Hecy OTBetcTBeHHOC.Tb nepeA . naM.RTbtO naHcp11noeu,eB, ne-
peA HCTOp11ei1 11 nepeA cospeMeHHHKaMH 3a npaBl11lbHOCTb
237
KHHrH; Hecy OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a TpaKTOBKY ecex eoeHHblX
M eoeHHO-nCMXOnorMl.feCKHX ,eonpOCOB».
noeecTb «BonoKonaMCKoe wocce» enocneACTBHM 6brna
nepeeeAeHa Ha MHO>KeCTeO MHOCTpaHHblX jj3blKOB. 0Ha
nony1.1Mna eceo6LL1ee npH3HaHMe KaK KHMra, KOMne1eHTHO
M npaBAMBO pacKpbreatolL\ajl TOHl.fai1w11e HIOaHCbl cno~HOH
BOeHHOH ncMxonorMH.
Xo1enocb 6br o6paTMTb BHMMaHMe MccneAoea1eneH Mc-
1opMM C03AaHMjl «BonoKonaMcKoro wocce» Ha TeKcT AOro-
eopa, noAnHcaHHoro 6. MoMbrw-ynbr M A. 6eKOM (Aoroeop
xpaHMTCjj e apxMee 6. M0Mb1Lu-ynb1).
6. no6e,qa He npMXOAHT caMa. B 31011 rnaae AaHbr c

He3Hal.fMTenbHblMM. COKpaw,eHHj!MM TeKCTbl pe1.1ei1 M BblCTyn-
neHMH 6. MoM"11w-ynb1 no noBOAY 6oeeoro nyTM eoHHOB 8-H
reapAeHCKOH AHBH3MH ..
6onbWHl-ICTBO noMelL\eHHblX B Heii AaHHblX nerno B
ocHoey peanbHblX t<ap111H cppoHTOBblX AeHCTBHH M cyAe6
MHOrOl.fHCneHHblX riepcoHa>Keii, onHCaHHblX KaK B «BOnOKO-
naMCKOM wocce» A. 6eKa, TaK M e co6c1eeHHblX npoMaee-
AeHMj!X 6. MoMblliJ-ynbr.
7. B rnaee «51 saM nMcan» noMew,eHbl nHCbMa 6. Mo-

MblW-ynbr, c KOTOpblMM OH B pa3Hble nepMOAbl ceoeH >KM3HM
o6paw,ancjl K A. 6eKy, M. Ay33oey, E; n. MMxai1noeoi1, A6-
AblKanblKOBY H aKaAeMMKY naHKpa1oey. Bee OHM B3j!Tbl M3
nHl.fHOro ·apxHea 6. M0Mb1w-ynb1. Ill e 3TMX nHCbMax pac-
KpblTa MHoronMKajl eoeHHajl ncHxonorMjl. conAaT, KOTOpbre
·BtTynanM. B >KeCTOKOe cpa>t<eHHe c eparoM, HX pa3H006-
pa3Hble <f,lpoHTOBbre CYAb6br.
COAEP>KAHHE
nl-1CA TEJUIM - 0 BOPIHE 3

BOCnHT AHHE MY>KECTBA 37
rEHEPAJl nAHCbHJlOB . 75
BOJlOKOJlAMCKOE HAnPABJlEHHE . . . . . 79
HA JlHTEPATYPHOM CbPOHTE 133
COTPYAHH'leCTao c 5eKOM 134
nHCbMO A. A. 6eKy . 144
nHCbMO 6. MoMblW-ynbl .• 145
npaaAa, HanHCaHHaR D CeAne . 146
PeAaKTopy >t<ypHana «3HaMH» . 160
«~ 6naroAapeH CYAb6e» . 166
no&EAA HE nPHXOJJ;HT CAMA . 177
Cnoao, · 3oayiqee a 6oH . 178
Mw OTOMCTHM Me'IOM H orHeM • 188
r Ae nop11AOK - HM ycnex • 189
'leCTlo AHBH3HH - MOii 'leCTlo • •. 196
CbopMHpo11·aH11e .198
noA MocKBOH . 198
IOro-3anaAHblH <j>poHT 203
6oH 3a BenHKHe JlyKH 204
6011 3a AyxoBLL\miY 11 Ha BHTe6cKOM HanpaeneHHH . 206
60H 3A nPH6AJlTHKY . 207
«Tbl c 'leC'TlolO awnonHHn CDOH AOnr11 • 210
cdl aaM nHcan11 • 217
M. O~ Aynoliy • 218
H... 219
0 nio6aH •• 224
T.T. A6AWKa111o1Koay, naHKpaToaoH 226
3eMnllK8M ••••.• 229
Mw D03MyHCanH a cpaHCeHHJIX • · 230
KOMMEHT APHH 23-4'
. MACCOBO-nom1rn4ECKOE 1113,ll,AHlllE
&AYPA>KAH MOMblW-Ynbl
ncH.XOllOrHSI 801/tHbl
XyAO>KHHK fl. VI. Te Te H Ko

XyAO>KeereeHHbli:i peAaKTOp r. M. r 0 pen 0 e
TexH1o14eeK1o1i1 peAaKr6p fl. VI. t< o H b Koe a
KoppeKTOp P. r. E p M 0 w K lo1 H a
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1116 N24321
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84X 108 1/32. 6yMara rnn. N2 1. rapHHTypa >KypHanbHO-py6neHa!I. Bb1e0Ka11
ne4aTb. Yen. ne4. n. 12,6+0,42. Yen. Kp-oTT. 13,44. Y4.-H3A. n. 13,29.
T1o1pa>K 20 000 3K3. 3a1<a3 N2 148. Ll,eHa 1 py6. i.10. Kon.
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non1o1rpa<jJ1<0M61o1HaT np01o13BOAeTeeHHOrO 06beAHHeHH II non1o1rpa<jJ1o1-

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e1<oi1 CCP no ne4arn, 480002, r. AnMa-Ara, yn. naerepa, 41
Ha6paHo e BLJ,Kn roe1<0Mne4arn CCCP e 1o1enonb30BaH1o1eM ACYTn «Cot03>1

1 p. 40 I{ i .
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Psihologiya Vojny

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~~

AJIMA-ATA ccKA3AXCTAH» 1990.

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