hi good day to everyone.

The COVID-19 crisis an unprecedented impact on education.

The education of more than 90% students globally was disrupted by

institutional closures.

When the pandemic struck the education sector was clearly not prepared and

had to look for immediate solutions.

E-learning was the preferred option, but how many students have access to

electricity, computers and connectivity?

Only half the world's population have internet access.

So what kind of technologies do we use to ensure that we reach the last

person in the queue?

So ,In today' topic I will talk about challenges in teaching during the

Movement Control Order (MCO) due to this covid 19 pandemic.

In view of the increase of COVID-19 cases, physical classes were suspended,

and campuses were closed to contain the spread of the virus. Given the

unfavorable pandemic situation, online teaching is no longer an option, it is a

necessity. Educator struggled to prepare new teaching materials and re-design

the teaching delivery that they have prepared months ago to suit the online

learning environment.

On that point. Today I would like briefly explain the Challenges faced by the

educator to deliver and organize their courses online from four perspective.

First, Ineffective real-time communications. Second, Technology incompetence,

third, Low rate of interactivity and interaction and finnaly Lack of

understanding of learner’s characteristics and attitude.

If we noticed for synchronous or real-time teaching, educator need to search

for alternatives tools such as Zoom, Google Meet, Microsoft Teams, or other

virtual meeting tools .

The main idea of real-time communications is to get closer to the students, thus

allowing knowledge to perpetuate more in time. However, most educator claimed

they had ineffective real-time communications with their students in previous

online teaching and learning. Outside the online classroom, they mainly used

email or built-in messaging system in warsaap and telegram to have a two-way

communication with their students.

2) Technology incompetence was another challenges face by educators. In view

of the above, not all of the educators will immediately able to use external

application software. At first, some of them found it difficult to use and took

some time to learn to fully utilize the important features that are useful to

their teaching delivery. Since there are many options available in the market, it

creates confusion on which tool suits best for them typically from two aspects;

security and ease of use. Furthermore, there were problems using the

applications including downloading errors, installation failures, slow internet

connection, storage capacity, and compatibility issues with their devices. They

needed technical assistance to solve some of the problems that they

encountered. Apart from these virtual meeting tools, instructors were also

required to create pre-recorded video content for their asynchronous teaching.

The video content creation requires using other application software. Again,

there are many applications to choose from, from low range software such as

PowerPoint to more sophisticated video editing software. Given the short time

frame, most respondents have chosen simple and easy to use application

software that is readily available on their computers. Needless to say, the

simpler application comes with some limitations. For example, there were video,

audio playback, and compatibility issues.

Various free online platforms and social media applications can facilitate the

delivery of asynchronous and synchronous T&L activities (7). Platforms, such as

Microsoft Teams and Google Classroom, act as virtual classrooms; synchronous

or asynchronous T&L sessions can be conducted and materials can be shared.

Sound knowledge about how to use these platforms is essential to enhance the

user experience, reduce frustration and ensure the smooth execution of T&L

activities. Providing staff and students with basic user guides for these

platforms is essential. Useful information for guides includes how to create

classrooms/teams, schedule/record/execute classes and share materials.

Guides should ideally be sent to staff and students before the commencement

of the family medicine posting. Additionally, staff and students who are savvy in

information technology, can act as reference points for those having difficulty

using the platforms.

Teachers Should Create Multiple Communication Channels

Ideally, student engagement should be done on a minimum of two platforms: one

for T&L and another for direct communication. In addition to Microsoft Teams,

we are utilising WhatsApp for direct communication.

Some T&L platforms incorporate direct communication features; however, it is

best if the direct communication channel is independent from the T&L platform

to ensure that communications are maintained if either platform experiences a

disruption. Direct communication platforms include WhatsApp, Telegram and

Facebook Messenger; they are easily accessible and widely utilised through

smartphones. Users of these platforms are able to respond quickly, enabling the

easy scheduling of classes and the dissemination of important information.

Tracking students’ actual activities during sessions can be a challenge because

some students might log in and then leave while others might engage in other

activities while logged into a session. Hence, online T&L places extra

responsibility on students compared to face-to-face T&L, emphasising self-

motivation and integrity………

Next challenges was Low rate of interactivity and interaction. According to the

study some educators mentioned, they felt like there was a lack interactivity

and experienced a low rate of interaction with their students when conducting

an online class. This could be due to limited class activities that can be

conducted which merely based on what can be done using the current functions

i.e. discussion and forum boards. Notably, when conducting online class using the

virtual meeting tools, it was difficult to get participation from the students and

it felt like more on one-way communication. Unlike the face-to-face lessons

where it is convenient for students to ask questions, contrary to virtual classes,

not many students are keen to probe questions and genuinely committed to e-

learning. This could be also due to the unconducive learning environment they

probably live in a small space shared with many people. Also, it was hard for

instructors to interact during the virtual class, most will turn off video and mic

on account of personal reasons.

Communication between students and lecturers is very limited. This is because

it is very

different when compared to the actual class. In the real class, students can

easily ask questions

that are not understood by just raising their hands, but for this online class,

they have to wait

until there is an opportunity to ask, while at that point the topic of discussion is

far ahead. This

also happens to lecturers who use the recording method when their students

only attend lectures

that have already been recorded and uploaded on certain platforms.

However, this recording

method is more popular and makes it easier for students to repeat the

recording if they still do not

understand a thing

Communication between students and teacher is very limited. This is because it

is very different when compared to the actual class. In the real class, students

can easily ask questions that are not understood by just raising their hands,

but for this online class, they have to wait until there is an opportunity to ask,

while at that point the topic of discussion is far ahead. This also happens to

teacher who use the recording method when their students only attend classes

that have already been recorded and uploaded on certain platforms.

However, this recording method is more popular and makes it easier for

students to repeat the recording if they still do not understand a thing

There are also those who are no longer able to manage time well due to changes

in this

learning process. They state that it is not possible to manage life with

learning life because

learning in a two-hour classroom is very different when online classes. The

comparison of the

actual two hours of lectures is the same as the daily class online

because the use of

communication lines such as WhatsApp and various other mediums always sounds

because there

is always a discussion between lecturers and students. There are also some of

them who have to

mix the affairs of their lives with their studies with the reason that it is well

integrated. These

things are very burdensome for the students involved

There are also those who are no longer able to manage time well due to changes

in thisl earning process. They state that it is not possible to manage

life with learning life because learning in a two-hour classroom is very

different when online classes. The comparison of the actual two hours of

lectures is the same as the daily class online because the use of

communication lines such as WhatsApp and various other mediums always sounds

because there is always a discussion between lecturers and students. There are

also some of them who have to mix the affairs of their lives with their studies

with the reason that it is well integrated. These things are very burdensome for

the students involved

A small number of students feel that the time they spend in front of a

computer or gadget like a phone is too long and this feels very disturbing to

their lives. Not all students like to do work that involves their studies solely in

front of the computer and some of them prefer to use the conventional method
of using books and a few extra notes. So effect they feel very impressed when

most of their lives during this period of online learning is spent using

computers and phones only. Indirectly this affects their lives as a studen

The low level of acceptance towards this shift has become one of the main

reasons students find online learning challenging [21]. Some challenges students

experience during online learning identified from previous studies are poor

internet connection [22][23][24], unavailability of access to proper devices [25]

[23], overloaded assignments [26][27], lack of focus [28][29] and time

management

students who have missed the ability for peer contact have experienced

psychological problems such as stress, anger, frustration, anxiety, sadness,

loneliness, and mental health due to online learning. During the COVID-19

pandemic, the unprecedented transition to online learning has raised questions

about cybersecurity, cyberbullying, online abuse and exploitation by the

challenges and complexities of online learning

Lastly the Lack of understanding of learner’s characteristics and attitude was

another big challenges in teaching., understanding learner’s characteristics and

attitudes during this transition have proven to be quite a challenge. It is vitally

important to understand learner’s characteristics and attitudes, thus

instructors are able to design and deliver the teaching and learning according to

their needs. Nevertheless, learner’s characteristics can be broadly categorized

and cannot be easily understood. Instructors did their best to mimic how

students would interact with an online class if they were in the classroom, albeit

this still leaves a small population of the class who were not actively
participating, making it impossible to reach the full potential of online learning.

This could lead to poor engagement and reduce the possibility to achieve learner

outcomes.

The main challenges are related to student focus on learning that is easily lost.

This is because among them the habit has gone through several classes before

other classes begin. So the focus that is in the early stages is disappearing and

resulting in them daydreaming throughout attending this online class.

Feelings of boredom, drowsiness and accompanied by feelings of laziness in

themselves also often hit students who go through this online learning. The

biggest reason for this issue is because they go through this thing every day

for 14 weeks. In addition to being confined to a house or room, repeated

situations cause them to become bored and eventually cause feelings oflaziness

and drowsiness. Various initiatives have been taken to overcome this problem

but still donot show positive results and this is stated to happen to all available

subjects

Students who have to learn from home mostly have to go through

difficult moments

when conditions in the house such as an unconducive atmosphere as

well as a noisy home

environment have caused extreme disruption to themselves. Most of them feel

very disturbed by

the attitude of family members who do not understand the situation of those

who have to learn

from home. Noisy situation due to many siblings, parents who do not understand

such as always
angry and study online which is often misunderstood. There are also those who

are said to be

lazy because they are just stuck in a room, while they are undergoing a learning

process. Apart

from that, the attitude of some neighbors who like to turn on the radio loudly

and do not pay

attention to other neighbors also contributes to the trials and tribulations

throughout learning

from home.

Students who have to learn from home mostly have to go through

difficult moments when conditions in the house such as an unconducive

atmosphere as well as a noisy home environment have caused extreme

disruption to themselves. Most of them feel very disturbed by the attitude of

family members who do not understand the situation of those who have to learn

from home. Noisy situation due to many siblings, parents who do not understand

such as always angry and study online which is often misunderstood. There are

also those who are said to be lazy because they are just stuck in a room, while

they are undergoing a learning process. Apart from that, the attitude of some

neighbors who like to turn on the radio loudly and do not pay attention to other

neighbors also contributes to the trials and tribulations throughout learning

from home.

Feelings of boredom, drowsiness and accompanied by feelings of laziness in

themselves

also often hit students who go through this online learning. The biggest reason

for this issue is

because they go through this thing every day for 14 weeks. In addition to being

confined to a

house or room, repeated situations cause them to become bored and eventually

cause feelings of

laziness and drowsiness. Various initiatives have been taken to overcome this

problem but still do

not show positive results and this is stated to happen to all available subjects.

Apart from identifying the challenges faced by the instructors, I also intrested

to dicuss the possible strategies to mitigate the challenges. There are

challenges and issues associated with online teaching and learning.

Notwithstanding, we cannot ignore the perks of conducting online classes during

the global crisis. Generally, instructors need support for both technology and

pedagogy in order to successfully conduct full-fledged online courses. Realizing

that many instructors encountered difficulties when using alternative software,

the university shall consider providing assistance, resources, and training to

overcome technology incompetence peculiarly for the most commonly utilized

external software tools. Professional training on developing material that is in a

digital format such as video lectures is also critical to ensure creativity and

increase students’ engagement when learning from a video. Apart from video

lectures, digital course content and activity are also crucial.