1

Great Fasaites We wish You The Best in Your Exams.

VOTE
FRANCIS NAANKKEL
4
President

1. In the play, The Other Alternative, the state of mind of the four youths is all
but one of the following
a frustration
b anger
c disappointment
(d) hope

2. From the play The Other Alternative, in the major cause of violent conflicts,
which factor is represented in the first part?
a Dictatorship
(b) Bad leadership and governance
c Fear of marginalization
d Lack of respect for human rights
 2

3. In the play, The Other Alternative, the status of the 4 youths which is a minor
cause of conflict in Nigeria, is
(a) Unemployment
b Exchange rate
c Visa
d Fuel subsidy.

4. In the play, The Other Alternative, the story of the conflict is presented in the
sequences of
a Now, Today and Yesterday
b Yesterday, Today and Now
(c) Today, Yesterday and Now
d Yesterday, Now and Today

5. In the play, The Other Alternative, the character of Oba Alapara represents
which cause of violent conflicts in the world?
(a) Dictatorship
b Political thuggery
c Corruption
d Fear of Marginalization

6. In the play, The Other Alternative, which political event in Africa is

represented in the Aparaland crisis?
(a) Liberian Civil War
b Libyan Civil War
c Nigerian Civil War
d Sierra Leonean Civil War.

7. In the play, The Other Alternative __________ is the dramatic linguistic tool
used by the writer of the play in discussing the issues in “Yesterday” with the
other sequences?
a Irony
b Narrative
(c) Metaphor
d Parody
 3

8. “We want volunteers in this crusade for change. Having seen The Other
Alternative, who will join us in this fight? The speaker in the play, The Other
Alternative, is calling for
a War
(b) Revolution
c Anarchy
d Employment

9. In the play, The Other Alternative, which of these characters represents the
status of women as honest and fearless in conflict situations and resolution?
a Nkechi
(b) Iyaloja
c Olori
d Chief Ojomo

10. In the play, The Other Alternative, which of the following characters can be
best described as a conflict entrepreneur?
a Oba Alapara
(b) Chief Ojomo
c Baale Idowu
d. Olowokere

11. Which of the following rates highest as a cause of violent conflicts in Africa?
a Ethnicity
b Religious intolerance
(c) Greed and quest for power
d Boundary clashes

12. The political situation which ousted President Hosni Mubarak in Egypt was a
a Military coup
(b) Revolution
c Genocide
d Massacre

13. Mediators in conflict resolution are regarded as

a Catalysts
(b) Third parties
c Litigants
d Arbitrators.
 4

14. One socio – political and economic factor which can lead to violent conflicts
when a few persons dominate political leadership in a society is
a Bad leadership and governance
(b) Fear of marginalization
c Fear of exploitation
d Conflict of personality

15. Violent conflicts in Africa are often heavily fuelled by

a Greed
(b) Cold War by Proxy
c The United States
d Russia

16. Which of the following is a major cause of communal conflicts?

a. Leadership tussle
(b) Land ownership
c Inheritance
d Tradition

17. When drama presents a mirror image of events in the society, it is known as?
a Refraction
b Mediation
(c) Reflection
d Reconciliation

18. In Peace and Conflict Resolution Studies, the physical environment of the
dramatic action for communication, is called?
(a) Setting
b Speech
c Conflict
d Plot

19. When drama is used to diagnose the nature of conflicts, it is known as?
a Negotiation
b Resolution
(c) Refraction
 5

d Mediation

20. What is the full meaning of the acronym IDPs as regards the current
insecurity in Nigeria
a Independent Democratic Persons
(b) Internally Displaced Persons
c Internally Diagnosed Persons
d Internally Deranged Persons.

21. Which of the following is a major issue of political distrust in Nigeria today?
a Ethnicity
(b) Religion
c Gender
d Imposition of candidates

22. Which of the following causes of conflicts rates 15% in 3 rd World Countries?
a Greed and quest for political power
b Ideological differences
c Resource control
(d) Ethno-religious intolerance.

23. Which of these causes of violent conflicts is entirely a Nigerian problem?

a Regionalism
b Religion
(c) Resource control
d Ideological differences.

24. The conflict between the Tivs and Jukuns of Nigeria can be called
a Boundary conflict
(b) Communal conflict
c Land conflict
d Tribal conflict

25. The conflict between Nigeria and Cameroun over the Bakassi Peninsula can
be called
(a) Boundary conflict
 6

b Communal conflict
c Ideological conflict
d Oil conflict

26. In African socio-political system, which of the following is also very active in
settling conflicts?
(a) Women
b Youths
c Elders
d Chiefs

27. What is the first point of dispute settlement between kinsmen in a land
dispute in Africa?
(a) Family
b Clan
c Community
d Chiefdom

28. Which of these is not a major source of conflicts in traditional African

societies?
a Land ownership
b Title tussles
c Inheritance
(d) Rituals
29 _______ is a struggle for incompatible goals.
a Peace
(b) Conflict
c. Violence
d. Development

30. Some of the major causes of conflict in Nigeria are as follows, except
a Ethno-religious
b Resources
(c) Illiteracy
d. Political governance

31 Conflict occurs in stages, choose the most appropriate option

a. Pre-conflict conflict-conflict
b. Conflict-pre-conflict-post conflict
 7

c. Post-conflict-conflict-pre-conflict
(d) Pre-conflict-conflict-post-conflict

32. A conflict stage whereby the parties engage in a fierce fighting and is often
characterized by the use of arms and ammunitions which leads to mass
destruction of lives and properties is termed as__________
(a) Violent stage
b. Pre-conflict stage
c. Conflict stage
d. Post-conflict stage

33. Which type of peace is popularly referred to as peace of the Graveyard?

a. Positive peace
b. Structural peace
(c) Negative peace
d. Negotiated peace

34. The absence of unjust structural, unequal relationship, justice and inner
peace at the individual level is called
(a) Positive peace
b. Relational peace
c. Negative peace
d. Psychological peace
35. Which of these is not true about the Nigerian State?
a. It is a multi-ethnic state
b. Multi-religious state
(c) Multi-racial state
d. Multi-cultural state

36. Freedom from threat and violence is a description of ____

a. Security
(b) Peace
c. Conflict
d. Development

37. Security questions include the following, except

(a) When is the security?
b. Whose security?
 8

c. What counts as security?

d. How can security be achieved?

38. “Who am I” is a description of

(a) Identity
b. Position
c. Place
d. Status

39. ___________ is diplomatic effort aimed at achieving peace.

(a) Peace making
b. Peace keeping
c. Peace building
d. Peace enforcement

40. In African socio-political system, which of the following is not very active in
settling conflicts?
a Women
(b) Youths
c Elders
d Chiefs
42. What is the second point of dispute settlement between kinsmen in a land
dispute in Africa?
a Family
(b) Clan
c Community
d Chiefdom

43. The peaceful methods exists in ___________ categories.

a Four
b Three
(c) Two
d Five

44. Dealing with responses to situations that have already turned conflictive, is
being
a Retrogressive
 9

b Anticipatory
c Repositioning
(d) Reactive

45. Absence of war, fear, conflict and anxiety is the presence of

a Direct violence
(b) Peace
c Absence of structural violence
d Presence of conflict

46. Conflict management is the process of reducing the ___________ of

conflict.
(a) Negative and destructive capacity
b Culture of suffering
c Causes and resolution
d Premature occurrence

47. Which of the following is not an actor in Peacekeeping

a Coalition of the willing
b International organization
c Individual states
(d) United Nations Red Helmet

48. Having the acceptance of parties in conflict for peacekeeping operation is

known as
a Agreement
b Acceptance
c Authorization
(d) Consent

49. Peace enforcement differs from peacemaking by

a The use of diplomacy
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(b) Employing coercion

c Involvement of civilians
d Persuasion

50. The United Nations army is known as

a UN Black helmet
b UN Red helmet
(c) UN Blue helmet
d UN White helmet

51. Peacekeeping operation is carried out by

a United Nations Council on Peacekeeping Operations
b United Nations Division of Peacekeeping Operations
c United Nations Committee on Peacekeeping Operations
(d) United Nations Department on Peacekeeping Operations

52. All of these best describes and defines the meaning of a formal process
except
a Conflict prevention
b Early warnings
c Preventive diplomacy
(d) Temporary retreat

53. The following are all the activities which takes place in the formal process of
gender in conflict resolution, except
(a) Global disarmament
b. Peace negotiation
c. Reconciliation
d. Provision of humanitarian aid

54. Women who engage in post conflict reconstruction and in the peace
processes are usually
a. Educated citizens
(b) Relatively few
c. Understand social justice
d. Monitors
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55. Achievements of the struggle for women's rights and full participation in
decision making is hampered by of these, except
(a) Stereotype
b. Gossips
c. Participation
d. Gender divisions

56. In the informal peace process, the following gender often complement each
other:
a Youths and Men
(b) Women and Men altogether
c. Women and older women both
d. Men only

57. The following are all activities of the informal peace process, except:
a Lobbying
b Relief work
c International assistance
(d) Local objectives only

58. Which of these is a mechanism that is termed crude and often times
undermined the existence and preservation of women and children during
conflict times?
a Positive results
b Participation in peace
(c) Informal process
d. Formal process

59. Resolution 1320 (2008) by the United Nations Security Council, emphasized
one among the following:
a Peace talks
b Active participation of women
(c) Sexual violence against innocent women/girl child as an offence
d. Employ conscience in decision making
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60. All of these are general attitudes to conflict which every gender should avoid
or imbibe, except
a Submission
b Competition
c Cooperation
(d) Tension and discomfort
 13

TYPE B

1. In the play, The Other Alternative, the state of mind of the four youths is all
but one of the following
a frustration
b anger
c disappointment
(d) hope

2. From the play The Other Alternative, in the major causes of violent conflicts,
which factor is represented in the first part of the play?
a Dictatorship
(b) Bad leadership and governance
c Fear of marginalization
d Lack of respect for human rights

3. In the play, The Other Alternative, from the status of the 4 youths, which is a
minor cause of conflict in Nigeria?
(a) Unemployment
b Exchange rate
c Visa
d Fuel subsidy.

4. In the play, The Other Alternative, the story of the conflict in presented in the
sequences of
a Now, Today and Yesterday
b Yesterday, Today and Now
(c) Today, Yesterday and Now
d Yesterday, Now and Today

5. In the play, The Other Alternative, the character of Oba Alapara represents
which cause of violent conflicts in the world?
(a) Dictatorship
b Political thuggery
c Corruption
d Fear of Marginalization
 14

6. In the play, The Other Alternative, which political event in Africa is

represented in the Aparaland crisis?
(a) Liberian Civil War
b Libyan Civil War
c Nigerian Civil War
d Sierra Leonean Civil War.

7. In the play, The Other Alternative __________ is the dramatic linguistic tool
used by the writer in discussing the issues in the “Yesterday” with the other
sequences?
a Irony
b Narrative
(c) Metaphor
d Parody

8. “We want volunteers in this crusade for change. Having seen The Other
Alternative, who will join us in this fight? The speaker in the play, The Other
Alternative, is calling for
a War
(b) Revolution
c Anarchy
d Employment

9. In the play, The Other Alternative, which of these characters represents the
status of women as honest and fearless in conflict situations and resolution?
a Nkechi
(b) Iyaloja
c Olori
d Chief Ojomo

10. In the play, The Other Alternative, which of the following characters can be
best described as a conflict entrepreneur?
a Oba Alapara
(b) Chief Ojomo
c Baale Idowu
d. Olowokere
 15

11. In African traditional system, which of these serves as the “Supreme Court”?
a Elders
b Priests of deities
(c) Kings-in-Council
d Community heads

12. The role of a ___________ is not judgmental in a conflict situation.

a Disputant
b Court
(c) Mediator
d Government

13. The Nigerian military Special Task Force (STF), is a clear example of?
a. Peacemaking
(b) Peacekeeping
c Peace enforcement
d Conflict management

14. Drama is the _________ embodiment of events in a problematic human

situation.
a story
(b) dynamic
c conflict
d action

15. ____________ is regarded as the main business of drama?

a War
b Peace
(c) Conflict
d Will

16. Which of these is not a reason why conflict is inevitable in human society?
a Complex nature of human interactions
b Competitive nature of human beings
c System of governance
(d) High level of human intelligence
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17. In drama, as in real life situation, _______ is one of the factors which
aggravates violent conflicts.
a. Greed
(b.) Unemployment
c. Pride
d. Ethnicity

18. In the use of drama for non violent change, whenever opposing views are
expressed and an agreement reached on settlement, the agreement is called
(a.) Synthesis
b. Thesis
C. Antithesis
d. Prosthesis

19. In the wake of Nigeria's general elections in 2019, which of the following is a
major threat to peace?
a. Campaigns
(b) Violence
c. Decamping
d. Boko Haram

20. A social problem which has occurred with the high level of insecurity in
Nigeria today, is
(a) Refugees
b Armed conflicts
c Border Clashes
d Migrations

21. When women and children are affected in violent conflicts, it can lead to
a High unemployment
(b) Food scarcity
c High mortality rate
d High rate of crime

22. Which of these is not a negative effect of violent conflicts on women?

a They suffer rape
b They suffer from unwanted pregnancies
c They are physically abused
(d) They engage in menial jobs
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23. Peace and Conflict Resolution Studies is not a course in the domain of
a Law
b Sociology
c Drama
(d) Military intelligence

24. A situation in which opposing viewpoints come into physical confrontation, is

called
a Peace
(b) Conflict
c War
d Armed struggle

25. The main aim of establishing the United Nations is?

a World unity and cooperation
b International trade
(c) World peace
d Need to control powerful nations

26. ____________ involves implementing strategies to limit the negative aspects

of conflicts
a Conflict resolution
(b) Conflict management
c Peacekeeping
d Peace

27. Which of the following does not indicate peace?

a Freedom from disputes
b Ceased hostilities
c Mental calm
(d) Opposition of needs, values and interest

28. When conflicting parties agree to suspend hostilities, it is called?

a Peacekeeping
(b) Ceasefire
c Peacemaking
d Peacebuilding
 18

29. ________ is diplomatic effort aimed at achieving peace

(a) Peace making
b. Peace keeping
c. Peace building
d. Peace enforcement

30. Gacaca Court was introduced to address two objectives, namely:

(a) Restorative and Retributive justice
b. Restorative and Equity
c. Restorative and acceptable justice
d. Restoration and mercy

31. __________is a third party activity

(a) Mediation
b. Conflict
c. Love
d. Peace

32. __________is a universal phenomenon

(a) Conflict
b. War
c. Reconciliation
d. Negotiation

33. __________involves the use of military personnel

(a) Peace keeping
b. Peace building
c. Dialogue
d. Peace

34. One of the following does not define peace

(a) Presence of war
b. Absence of war
c. Absence of direct violence
d. Justice and equity
 19

35. You are because I am is attributed to

(a) Ubuntu
b. Gacaca
c. Peace
d. Conflict

36. A kind of negotiation in which both parties want to win is known as

a. Cooperative
(b) Competitive
c. Divisive
d. Avoidance

37. _______is a situation in which both parties in conflict attempt to educate

each other about their needs and concern.

a Collaborative negotiate
(b) Position
c. Cooperation
d. Hatred

38. The acronym TRC in conflict resolution, means

a Truth and Reconstruction Committee
(b) Truth and Reconciliation Commission
c Truth and Reconciliation Company
d Thorough and Reintegration Committee

39. Conflict management is the process of reducing the ___________ of

conflict.
(a) Negative and destructive capacity
b Culture of suffering
c Causes and resolution
d Premature occurrence
 20

40. Conflict transformation is assumed to go beyond conflict resolution to

______ of parties
a Ascertain
(b) Build understanding
c Create spotless
d Warm.

41. Conflict transformation brings about change in ___________ of parties.

a Creative arguments
(b) Perception and attitude
c Conflict reaction
d Conflict issues

42. Keeping the peace is ____________ responsibility.

a Army
b Police
(c) Everybody
d Government.

43. The evolution of Peace research started with a strong root in the
(a) Scandinavian countries
b South America
c North America
d Nigeria

44. Conflict suppression happens in _________ relationships.

a Equal
b Regulated
c Arranged
(d) Unequal

45. Peacekeeping operations in nations/states is known as

a Mandate
b Coalition
(c) Mission
d Operation
 21

46. United Nations peacekeeping operations took place in all, except

a Congo
(b) Morocco
c Mali
d Somali

47. Some of the key documents required for a successful peacekeeping

operations are, Rules of Engagement, Terms of Reference, and
a Army
b Nation’s direction
c Presidential decision
(d) Mandate

48. “Democracy is a requirement for peace and stability.” This assertion is central
to
a Continuum Theory
(b) Classical Theory
c World Polity Theory
d Realist Theory

49. Striving to stabilize post conflict by creating and strengthening institutions, is

the primacy of
(a) Peacebuilding
b Peacekeeping
c Peacemaking
d Peace enforcement

50. Gender permeates conflict dynamics in all these levels, except:

a Societal level
(b) Violent consequences level
c. Individual level
d. Interactional level

51. Women participate in conflict in all of these ways, except

a Broadcast method
b Use of hate speeches
c Instilling hatred against enemy groups
(d) Roles as mothers
 22

52. Darwinist theory believes that men are genetically and generally predisposed
to one of these:
a Escations
(b) Violence
c. Protecting women
d. Captives and dependents

53. Which one of these best describes and defines feminism theory:
(a) A form of Stereotyped situation
b. Position held by people about women oppression and gender issues
c. Women experiences in society
d. A believe that women are essentially different and have alternative ways of
making sense

54. Marxist feminists believe one only one of the following as a source of
oppression against women.
a Public awareness
b Social practices
(c) Capitalism
d. Value system

55. Radical feminists identify one of the following as a major structure that
upholds women’s oppression, except:
a Cultural institutions
b Contemporary debate
(c) Patriarchy
d. Gainful employment

56. One of these best defines the outward struggle through public awareness
and other mechanism to minimize gender differences.
a Social group
b Society
(c) Feminism
d. Check list
 23

57. Men are more rational and logical in social conflict situations but women are
thought to be one of these.
(a) Emotional and intuitive
b. Authoritative
c. Dominant
b. Inequalities

58. Women in search for peace or negotiations after conflict use two processes,
namely:
a Systematic and Structural processes
(b) Informal and Formal processes
c Positive and Negative processes
d Societies

59. All of these best describes and defines the meaning of a formal process,
except
a Conflict prevention
b Early warnings
c Preventive diplomacy
(d) Retreat temporarily

60. Gender facilitates all of these, except:

a Valuation
b Definitions
(c) Domestic chores
d. Physical characteristics
 24

TYPE C

1. In the play, The Other Alternative, the state of mind of the four youths is all
but one of the following
a frustration
b anger
c disappointment
(d) hope

2. From the play The Other Alternative, in the major cause of violent conflicts,
which factor is represented in the first part?
a Dictatorship
(b) Bad leadership and governance
c Fear of marginalization
d Lack of respect for human rights

3. In the play, The Other Alternative, the status of the 4 youths which is a minor
cause of conflict in Nigeria, is
(a) Unemployment
b Exchange rate
c Visa
d Fuel subsidy.

4. In the play, The Other Alternative, the story of the conflict in presented in the
sequences of
a Now, Today and Yesterday
b Yesterday, Today and Now
(c) Today, Yesterday and Now
d Yesterday, Now and Today

5. In the play, The Other Alternative, the character of Oba Alapara represents
which cause of violent conflicts in the world?
(a) Dictatorship
b Political thuggery
c Corruption
d Fear of Marginalization
 25

6. In the play, The Other Alternative, which political event in Africa is

represented in the Aparaland crisis?
(a) Liberian Civil War
b Libyan Civil War
c Nigerian Civil War
d Sierra Leonean Civil War.

7. In the play, The Other Alternative __________ is the dramatic linguistic tool
used by the writer in discussing the issues in the “Yesterday” with the other
sequences?
a Irony
b Narrative
(c) Metaphor
d Parody

8. “We want volunteers in this crusade for change. Having seen The Other
Alternative, who will join us in this fight? The speaker in the play, The Other
Alternative, is calling for
a War
(b) Revolution
c Anarchy
d Employment

9. In the play, The Other Alternative, which of these characters represents the
status of women as honest and fearless in conflict situations and resolution?
a Nkechi
(b) Iyaloja
c Olori
d Chief Ojomo

10. In the play, The Other Alternative, which of the following characters can be
best described as a conflict entrepreneur?
a Oba Alapara
(b) Chief Ojomo
c Baale Idowu
d. Olowokere
 26

11. The process of normalizing relations and reconciling differences of warring

parties, is?
(a) Peacemaking
b Peacekeeping
c Peacebuilding
d Conflict resolution

12. The United Nations’ current mission to Sudan is?

a Conflicting resolution
b Peacemaking
(c) Peacekeeping
d Rescue Mission

13. Which of the following is not involved in conflict resolution?

a Negotiation
b Diplomacy
c Peacebuilding
(d) Destruction of weapons

14. Which of the following is not a tool of non violent change?

a Reconciliation
b Arbitration
(c) Peacekeeping
d Advocacy

15. In dispute resolution, ___________ is not a regular methodology

a arbitration
b litigation
c mediation
(d) liquidation

16. The main aim of conflict management is to enhance

(a) learning
b peace
c dependency
d resistance
 27

17. Which of the following rates highest as a cause of violent conflicts in Africa?
a Ethnicity
b Religious intolerance
(c) Greed and quest for power
d Boundary clashes

18. The political situation which ousted President Hosni Mubarak in Egypt was a
a Military coup
(b) Revolution
c Genocide
d Massacre

19. Mediators in conflict resolution are regarded as

a Catalysts
(b) Third parties
c Litigants
d Arbitrators.

20. The practice of expressing support, sympathy, acceptance and preference for
somebody or issue, based on primordial considerations, is called?
a Partisanship
b Ethnicity
(c) Identity Politics
d Discrimination

21. In Peace and Conflict Resolution Studies, the speech of a character in drama
is presented in
a Narration
(b) Dialogue
c Conflict
d Action

22. _________ suffers the greatest loss in a situation of violent conflict.

a. Women
(b.) Society
c. Travellers
d. Children
 28

23. Which of the following is not part of the reasons for the inevitability of
conflicts in the society?
a Competition and rivalry
b Desire to actualize goals
(c) The nature of politics
d Exclusive systems of governance.

24. Which of the following is not a major source of conflict in traditional African
society?
a Land
(b) Rituals
c Inheritance
d Chieftaincy

25. Conflict of __________ is very noticeable in our interactions with people

almost on daily basis
a Emotions
(b) Personality
c Interests
d Environment

26. When drama presents a _________ image of events in the society, it is

known as
Reflection.
a refractive
b conflict
(c) mirror
d violent

27. In Peace and Conflict Resolution Studies, the major sequence of

communication in drama is called?
a Setting
(b) Plot
c Conflict
d Mediation
 29

28. _________ is regarded as the major “raw material” in drama, without which
drama cannot exist.
a Action
(b) Conflict
c Story
d Speech

29. _______ postulates that peace can only exist in a classless society
a Max Weber
(b) Karl Marx
c John Galtung
d Simon Dickson

30. A situation where parties work together on their own to resolve problem
through constructive dialogue is called
a Negotiation
(b) Collaboration
c. Dialogue
d. Avoidance

31. Gacaca is a post conflict resolution method that was used in

a Nigeria
b. Burundi
c. Uganda
(d) Rwanda

32. Peace keeping principles include

a. Consent, lightly armed and peace enforcement
(b) Consent, neutrality and lightly armed
c. Neutrality, impartiality and loyalty
d. Loyalty, Consent, impartiality
 30

33. Conflict resolution includes the following, except

a Mediation
b Dialogue
(c) Peace
d. Reconciliation

34. _________is a form of identity.

a. School
b. People
c. Gacaca
(d) Religion

35. Sharing and caring are principles of__________

(a) Ubuntu
b. Gacaca
c. Conflict
d. Peace

36. __________ can only take place in the atmosphere of peace

(a) Development
b. Peace
c. International relations
d. Education

37. __________ refers to conflict within a State

(a) Intra state conflict
b. Inter state conflict
c. Political conflict
d. State conflict

38. The followings are methods of conflict management, except

a Mediation
b Dialogue
c Negotiation
(d) Pity
 31

39 __________ involves varieties of approaches aimed at terminating hostilities

through problem-solving.
(a) Conflict resolution
b. Conflict management
c. Conflict escalation
d. Conflict negotiation

40. ___________ is a process of reducing the negative consequences of conflict

from destructive to constructive.
(a) Conflict management
b. Conflict resolution
c. Conflict de-escalation
d. Conflict construction

41. Pease studies of peace research was developed in Europe in the late
a 1960s
b 1950s
(c) 1940s
D 1930s

42. Conflict management is the process of reducing the ___________ capacity of

conflict.
a Hurtful nature
(b) Negative and destructive
c Peaceful nature
d Financial

43. The aim of conflict transformation is to change the parties and their
a Conflicting situation
(b) Relationship and the conditions
c Process of change
d Process of agreement

44. The use of instruments of power or force to push away the issue under the
carpet, is called
a Power of parties
b Stronger interveners
(c) Conflict suppression
d Conflict situation
 32

45. ADR is about the search for and application of ___________ peaceful
methods of settling disputes and resolving conflict
(a) Non conventional
b Expensive method
c Relationship settlement
d Alternative conflict methods

46. When confronted with a contentious issue, adopt a/an

a Provocative approach
b Examining approach
(c) Assertive approach
d Positive approach

47. The globe is viewed as a single society. This opinion is held by

a Liberalism Theory
b Classical Theory
c Continuum Theory
(d) World Polity Theory

48. The principles of peacekeeping operation include the following, except

a Credibility
(b) Competition
c Legitimacy
d Impartiality

49. Monitoring ceasefire in peacekeeping task is performed by

(a) Military
b Mobile police
c Human Rights groups
d Information personnel

50. Restraint as a principle of peacekeeping permits the use of force

a At will
(b) In self defense
c With availability of ammunitions
d By interest
 33

51. Peacekeeping task involves the following, except

a Repatriation
b Rehabilitation
(c) Census
d Election

52. Africans promote peace in their communities when individuals do all of the
following, except
a Show empathy
b Loyalty and community solidarity
(c) Committing offences
d. Empathy

53. Many African communities may not have suffered in open violence, but a
distortion of their history in all of these, except
a Civil strife
b Poverty
c Social inequalities
(c) Perpetuating respect

54. There are so many traditional strategies to manage conflict, but Africans
prefer?
(a) The informal modes
b. Formal process
c. Diplomacy
d Considerate dealings

55. All societies consider participatory approach to management of disagreement

in order to promote one of these
(a) Unity
b. Elimination of short comings
c. Involvement
d. Gender inequalities
 34

56. Active women feminism in African society differs from the Western world,
this is because one among the following must be respected;
(a) Culture
b. Integration
c. Agrarian based societies
d. Men.

57. Feminism differ in the Western world from African societies mainly in?
a Exploitation of women
(b) Female autonomy
c. Historical experiences
d. Family traditions

58. The following are reasons why gender in conflict resolution is necessary,
except:
a Women are seen to have to have alternative way in social care
b Women use more reconciliatory or problem solving strategies
c It will encourage women to seek decision – making positions
(d) It Perpetuates inequality and other ultimate goals

59. The concept of gender best describes:

a Physiology only
(b) Social roles identity
c. Sex
d. Biological differences only

60. Gender is an instrument that promotes all of these, except:

a Division of power
b Social construction of ideas
c Gender norms
(d) Biological sex and dominance
 35

TYPE D

1. In the play, The Other Alternative, the state of mind of the four youths is all
but one of the following
a frustration
b anger
c disappointment
(d) hope

2. In the play The Other Alternative, in the major cause of violent conflicts,
which factor is represented in the first part?
a Dictatorship
(b) Bad leadership and governance
c Fear of marginalization
d Lack of respect for human rights

3. In the play, The Other Alternative, the status of the 4 youths which is a minor
cause of conflict in Nigeria, is
(a) Unemployment
b Exchange rate
c Visa
d Fuel subsidy.

4. In the play, The Other Alternative, the story of the conflict in presented in the
sequences of
a Now, Today and Yesterday
b Yesterday, Today and Now
(c) Today, Yesterday and Now
d Yesterday, Now and Today

5. In the play, The Other Alternative, the character of Oba Alapara represents
which cause of violent conflicts in the world?
(a) Dictatorship
b Political thuggery
c Corruption
d Fear of Marginalization
 36

6. In the play, The Other Alternative, which political event in Africa is

represented in the Aparaland crisis?
(a) Liberian Civil War
b Libyan Civil War
c Nigerian Civil War
d Sierra Leonean Civil War.

7. In the play, The Other Alternative __________ is the dramatic linguistic tool
used by the writer in discussing the issues in the “Yesterday” with the other
sequences?
a Irony
b Narrative
(c) Metaphor
d Parody

8. “We want volunteers in this crusade for change. Having seen The Other
Alternative, who will join us in this fight? The speaker in the play, The Other
Alternative, is calling for
a War
(b) Revolution
c Anarchy
d Employment

9. In the play, The Other Alternative, which of these characters represents the
status of women as honest and fearless in conflict situations and resolution?
a Nkechi
(b) Iyaloja
c Olori
d Chief Ojomo

10. In the play, The Other Alternative, which of the following characters can be
best described as a conflict entrepreneur?
a Oba Alapara
(b) Chief Ojomo
c Baale Idowu
d. Olowokere
 37

11. In Nigeria today, ___________ is not a major source of violent conflict.

(a) Marriage
b Religion
c Resource control
d Culture and tradition

12. The major issue between farmers and herdsmen in recent recorded conflicts
Nigeria, is
a Land ownership
(b) Grazing land
c Ranching
d Cow rustling

13. The type of conflicts usually experienced in marriages today, among in-laws
is
a Conflict of Emotions
(b) Conflict of Interest
c Conflict of Personality
d Conflict of Ethic and Morals

14. Which of the following is a method in non-violent change

a Weapon inspection
b Rigging
(c) Advocacy
d Annihilation.

15. Who founded the concept of “Non Violent Change” as an aspect of Peace and
Conflict Resolution?
a Nelson Mandela
(b) Mahatma Ghandi
c Goodluck Jonathan
d) Martin Luther King Jr.
 38

16. Who popularized the concept of “Non Violent Change” as an aspect of Peace
and Conflict resolution Studies?
a Nelson Mandela
b Mahatma Ghandi
c Goodluck Jonathan
(d) Martin Luther King Jr.

17. Who is regarded as the greatest apostle of non-violent change in Africa?

a Jerry Rawlings
b Goodluck Jonathan
(c) Nelson Mandela
d Julius Nyerere

18. Which of the following is not one of the natural tools of mediation in conflicts
through drama
a Wisdom
b Patience
c Truth
(d) Litigation

19. The central idea or message through which drama mediates in conflicts is
called
(a) Theme
b Setting
c Characterization
d Scenes

20. ________ is the expression of disagreement between two or more parties.

a Crisis
(b) Conflict
c Argument
d Dispute
 39

21. Some of the causes of conflict in Nigeria are as follows, except

a Ethno-religious intolerance
b Resource control
(c) Racism
d Politics

22. Which of the following is not a minor factor in the causes of violent conflicts
in the world?
a Illiteracy
(b) Religion
c Poverty
d unemployment

23. Which of the following is a major cause of communal conflicts?

a Leadership tussle
(b) Land ownership
c Inheritance
d Tradition

24. Which of the following is a major issue of political distrust in Nigeria today?
a Ethnicity
(b) Religion
c Gender
d Imposition of candidates for election

25. A social problem which has occurred with the high level of insecurity in
Nigeria today, is
(a) Refugees
b Armed conflicts
c Inflation
d Migrations
 40

26. Gender-based violence and abuse affect women in several ways, except
a Emotional distress
b Abuse
(c) Wisdom
d Job opportunities

27. ___________is a term used to describe actors in conflict.

(a) Belligerent
b. Warriors
c. Conflicters
d. Entrepreneur

28. New approach to peace building emphasis on _______in conflict

a. Gender
(b) Women
c. Children
d. Men

29. ___________ is a form of conflict, except

a Inter state
b Intra state
c Inter personal
(d) Local

30. Kidnapping is also a strategy used by which of the following groups?

(a) Terrorists
b. Military
c. Police
d. Combatants

31 __________uses fear as a means of achieving their goals

(a) Terrorists
b. Security
c. Kidnappers
d. Mediators
 41

32 ___________is a post-conflict peace building activities

(a) DDR
b. Peace enforcement
c. Peace making
d. Conflict resolution

33. The main objective of United Nations is to achieve the following, except
(a) Colonization
b. Peace
c. Security
d. Development

34. The United Nations was founded in the year

(a) 1945
b. 1946
c. 1947
d. 1944

35. One of the following is a permanent member of United Nations

(a) Russia
b. Japan
c. Korea
d. Nigeria

36. _______ is a struggle for incompatible goals

a Peace
(b) Conflict
c. Violence
d. Development
 42

37. Some of the major causes of conflict in Nigeria are as follows, except
a Ethno-religious
b Resources
(c) Illiteracy
d. Political governance

38. Conflict occurs in stages, choose the most appropriate option

a. Pre-conflict conflict-conflict
b. Conflict-pre-conflict-post conflict
c. Post-conflict-conflict-pre-conflict
(d) Pre-conflict-conflict-post-conflict

39. A conflict stage whereby the parties engage in a fierce fighting and is often
characterized by the use of arms and ammunitions which leads to mass
destruction of lives and properties is termed as__________
(a) Violent stage
b. Pre-conflict stage
c. Conflict stage
d. Post-conflict stage

40. When confronted with a contentious issue, adopt a/an

a Provocative approach
b Examining approach
(c) Assertive approach
d Positive approach

41. When trying to resolve conflict, you are a/an

a Intimidator
(b) Communicator
c Procrastinator
d Lawyer
 43

42. A neutral person who resolves disputes between parties is a/an

a Litigant
(b) Arbitrator
c Mediator
d Conciliator

43. A process in which a neutral person meets with the parties to a dispute and
explores how the dispute might be solved, is called
(a) Conciliation
b Mediation
c Arbitration
d Litigation

44. Non-binding private dispute resolution process in which a neutral person

helps the parties try to reach a negotiated settlement is called
a Information gatherer
b Facilitator
(c) Mediator
d Problem solver

45. The process of carrying on a law suit to settlement conflicts is called

a Better working relationship
b Better solution to problem
(c) Litigation
d Negotiation

46. In West Africa, the ECOMOG peacekeeping operation took place in

a Mali
b Senegal
c Ghana
(d) Liberia

47. Technical Assessment Mission (TAM) in peacekeeping is deployed when?

(a) Pre-conflict situation
b During conflict
c Post-conflict situation
d Negotiation stage
 44

48. The following are peacekeeping personnel, except

a Specialists in child protection
b Specialists in political affairs
(c) Specialists in vigilante
d Specialists in human rights

49. Some of the challenges in peacekeeping include

a Working under violent-free condition
b inadequate resources and peaceful environment
(c) Inadequate personnel and lawless environment
d UN General Assembly

50. During peacekeeping operations, specialists in humanitarian affairs,

a Conduct census of victims
b Perform administrative support
c Carry out human rights activities
(d) Provide relief materials and rehabilitation

51. Men, Women, Boys and Girls’ experiences in conflict manifest

a In similar circumstances
(b) In different ways
c Sharing love
d Care organization

52. Most women take up non-traditional roles as a result of conflict hence they
are?
a Decision Makers
(b) Victims and Actors
c. Formal
d . Instrumental

53. Women are instrumental and driving forces for prevention and management
of conflicts, hence they are also
a Exposed
b In inequality positions
(c) Conflict decision makers
d. Mothers, wives and daughters
 45

54. Both men and women are affected by armed conflict and post conflict
situations, but women need to?
(a) Exercise their rights
b. Compare themselves to men’s rights
c Be imperative
d Play gender roles

55. Women, just like men are sometimes, perpetrators of violence and
participants of conflict, however, they are victims of all, except
(a) Exaggeration in society
b Rape
c Trafficking
d Sex Slavery

56. Men and youths also suffer during war or conflict times, however, they are
often used as
a Demarcators
b Modern times
(c) Conscripted soldiers and combatants
d. Perpetrators

57. Women and children alike, play a special role in conflict resolution and peace
building strategies, but experience all of the following, except
a Disenfranchised
b Under privileged
(c) Forceful males
d. Minority groups

58. African perspective to gender issues and conflict believes in all, except
a Reward system
b Informal settlement of disputes
c Checks and balances
(d) Survival of the fittest
 46

59. Resolution 1320 (2008) by United Nations Security Council emphasized one
among the following:
a Peace talks
b Active participation of women
(c) Sexual violence against innocent women/girl child as an offence
d. Employ conscience in decision making

60. All of these are general attitudes to conflict which every gender should avoid
or imbibe, except:
a Submission
b Competition
c Cooperation
(d) Tension and discomfort