Power & Utilities

Tuesday, June 8, 2021 2:06 PM

NPC Plants - generate electricity; power plants are usually located outside NCR (Quezon, etc)

Transmission asset
Distribution utilities - from transmission, they distribute elec. To households

MERALCO - just distribute, not generate electricity

Electric Power Industry Reform Act (EPIRA)

NAPOCOR - govt owned entity; monopoly

Independent Power Producers (IPP) - with its introduction, solved problem like blackouts

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If developed pre-EPIRA, chances are 1 lang iaaudit

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EPIRA Intention: to foster power competition, therefore demonopolize
Generators - 'di na lang hawak ng isang company
WESM - participants can actually buy and sell electricity

RES-licensed company - can buy from GenCo (wholesaler) then sell electricity to customer (retailer)
Captive - we don’t have a choice but to buy from them
Contestable- meeting certain criteria, law

NGCP - tasked to make sure na may backup power

OVERVIEW OF POWER SECTORS

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Coal - malaki capacity; cost per kwh is cheaper; difficult to turn on or off
Environmental impact - expensive :'(

Oil-based - just burn fuel; more expensive

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Natural Gas - instead of using oil, they use natural gas; totally dependent in Malampaya (est. to deplete resources by 2026 or 2027)
How to import gas - liquefy gas

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Not just 1 purpose - electricity; flood-control, irrigation
Hydro- wala ka nang bibilhin na gas or coal; clean energy, minimal emission than coal plant

Advantage - smaller in scale

Challenge - seasonal (pag summer, wala)

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Pump then store then eventually release water to generate power

Geothermal - near volcanoes; hard to develop, difficult to maintain

Advantage - renewable (clean energy)

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Biomass - Byproducts are used

Solar Power Plant - Take up a lot of space (1MW of power - 1 hectare of land); run limited hours (daylight)
Renewable energy

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TRADING SECTOR

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TRADING SECTOR

WESM - has to be operated by people from outside the industry (IEMOP)

Can voluntary choose to be Contestable Consumer if:

NGCP - system operator

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Actual Generation ni RE - smaller since not operating for 24 hrs (e.g. Solar, Hydro PP)

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RE - Geothermal*

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RE - hydro

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DISTRIBUTION SECTOR

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DISTRIBUTION SECTOR

Universal charge - subsidies

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Heavily dependent on infrastructure

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*coordinate with engineering firm (3rd party)- how much is the cost to dismantle

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*requires a lot of benchmarking
*3rd party - Estimation of UL

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Meter deposit - Cash (Dr), Liability to Customers (Cr)
Technical system loss - natural na nangyayari
Non-technical system loss - jumpers

Distribution Utilities - legislative franchise

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