ANCIENT SCIENCE

Ancient Egypt
JONALYN CALUTEN _MED 211
 BRIEF

INTRODUCTION
 BRI EF
I NTRODUCTION
 Egypt is located in the
north east of Africa.
 It is a transcontinental or
intercontinental country.
 It is bordered by the
Mediterranean Sea and the
Red Sea.
Ancient Egypt
was one of t he
oldest
civilizat ions in
t he ancient
world.
CONTRIBUTIONS

IN SCIENCE
 SCI ENTIFI C ACHI EVEMENTS
● Paper and writing
● Metal working
● Glass making
● Invention of calendar
● Toothpaste
● Make- ups
● Medicine and anatomy
 PAPYRUS
 Papyrus was the first form
of durable sheets of paper
to write on.

 The material was named

“papyrus” as it was made
from the papyrus plant.
 BLACK I NKS

 Mixture of vegetable
gum, soot and bee’s
wax
 METAL WORKING
 The ancient Egyptians learned
how to heat metal ores in
order to extract the metals.
 They were skilled metal-
workers, particularly in
copper and in gold.
 They discovered how to make
bronze by mixing a small
The picture shows workmen pouring molten amount of tin ore with copper
(gold made liquid through heating) into
moulds. ore.
 GLASS MAKING
 The first glass vessels were
made about 1500BC in
Egypt and Mesopotamia.

 Egypt, Syria and the other

countries along the eastern
coast of the Mediterranean
The picture shows workmen blowing glass in a sea were centers for glass
furnace.
manufacturing.
 GLASS MAKING
 The ancient Egyptians may
have been the first people to
learn how to make glass.
 They used quartz-ash mixture.
 The quartz-ash mixture was
heated at fairly low
temperatures in clay containers
to roughly 750° C, until it
formed a ball of molten
material.
 TI ME: Egypt ian Calendar
BASED ON:
Civil Calendar
-annual flood of the Nile river
-phases of the moon -360 days + 5 ‘epagomenal days’
-cycle of the Sirius (dog star) in
the eastern sky
*EPAGOMENAL DAYS
Lunar Calendar -birthdays of the deities

-3 seasons (Akhet, Peret,Shemu)

 (inundation, growth, harvest)
-12 months (360 days)
-3 weeks ( 10 days each)
TOOTHPASTE
-made of pepper, iris
flower, mint and rock salt

*BREATH MINTS
* TOOTHBRUSH
 MAKE-UPS
-used by both men and
women to protect their skin
from the sun

*dark kohl
-concept where modern eyeliner
originated
-made of soot and other minerals
 MEDI CINE and ANATOMY
 Egyptians knew about the anatomy of the human body.

 They practice mummification and preservation of the dead.

 Women practiced contraception (use of concoctions such as honey

and natron which they injected in their vaginas)

 Egyptians devised the earliest known pregnancy test.

 Remedies and prescriptions for various ailments, skin irritations,

broken bones and other conditions were recorded on sheets of
papyrus.
Hierarchy of Doct ors in Ancient Egypt
Greatest Physicians
Chief Medical Officer
Superintendent and Inspector of
Physicians
The modern symbol for prescription
is believed to have originated from
the “Eye of Horus” symbol. This is
just a part of the rich legacy of
Egyptians.

Chief of Physicians

Physicians
 Ref erences

 Egyptian civilizat ion. Ret rieved Oct ober 26, 2021 f rom,
https:/ / www.museedelhist oire.ca/ cmc/ exhibit ions/ civil/ egypt/ egcs05e.html

 Elanzeery, H. (2016). Science in ancient Egypt and t oday. Retrieved October

27, 2021 f rom, ht t ps:/ / www.lindau-nobel.org/ science-in-ancient-egypt-
today-connect ing-eras/

 History for kids (2021). Egypt ian Science. Ret rieved Oct ober 27, 2021 from,
https:/ / www.hist oryf orkids.net / ancient-egypt ian-science.html

 Millmore, M. (2021). Ancient Egypt ians I nvent ions. Ret rieved October 26,
2021 from, ht t ps:/ / discoveringegypt .com/ ancient -egypt ian-inventions/