Mathematics 10

Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 9
Proving Theorems on Angles
Formed by Intersecting
Secants of a Circle
 EXPECTATIONS
1. Prove theorems on intersecting secants of a circle.
2. Find measures of angles formed by intersecting secants of a circle.

PRETEST

Direction: Read each question carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to
the correct answer.
1. In the figure below, two secants intersect on the circle O that formed an
inscribed angle. Which formula below is use to find the measure of an
inscribed angle?
1
A. m ACB = mAB C. m C = m AB
2
1 1
B. m ACB = − m AB D. m C = m AC
2 2
2. Using figure in number 1, suppose mAB = 56 , what is m ACB ?
A. 28 B. 36 C. 46 D. 56

3. Given the figure on the right, two secants intersect inside a circle. What
formula should be used in finding angle KOP ?
A. m KOP =
1
2
(
mKP + mPL ) C. m KOP =
1
2
(
mKP − mKM )
B. m KOP =
1
2
(
mKP + mML ) D. m KOP =
1
2
(
mKP − mML )
4. Using figure in number 3, what is the m KOP if mKP = 46
and mML = 64 ?
A. 35 B. 45 C. 55 D. 65

5. Refer to the given figure, which is correct in finding the

measure of APB if mCD = 80 and mAB = 30 .
A. m APB =
1
2
(
mCD + m AB )
B. m APB =
1
2
(
mCD − m AB )
C. m APB =
1
2
(
mCA − mDB )
D. m APB =
1
2
(
mCA + mDB )
 RECAP

Let us recall by identifying the following in the given figure below.

1. What line/s intersects at the center of circle O ?

2. Which line intersects at exactly one point at circle O ?
3. What are angles having N as the vertex? O as the vertex? P as the vertex, and
K as the vertex? Make a list of these angles, then describe each of them.
4. What arc/s does each angle intercept?
5. Which angles intercept the same arc?

LESSON
This is an aerial view of our city roads during daytime which is one of the common
examples of intersecting secants. Another wonder of studying the concept of an angle
formed by intersecting secants to a circle
and applying it to real world especially in
giving solution to our mass transportation
problem by improving our traffic
management system and constructing more
skyways to decongest traffic.
Before we start our lesson, let us
have a word search puzzle. These words
are important in our lesson. Try to locate them all.

THEOREM
SECANT LINE

CIRCLE

INTERIOR ANGLE

INSCRIBED ANGLE

EXTERIOR ANGLE

SEGMENTS
 In this self-learning module, we will discuss the relationships of secants that
intersect on a circle, inside the circle and outside the circle. There are four ways for
the two lines intersect a circle including the secant-tangent relationship. However,
we will be focusing only on secants relationships. The study of these relationships
are very useful in giving solutions to our daily life problems that we may encounter
somehow.

Now, let us consider the illustrations:

1. Two secants intersecting on a circle. Two secants intersecting

on a circle formed an inscribed angle. The measure of the
inscribed angle is equal to one-half its intercepted arc. In the figure,
ACB is the inscribed angle and AB is the
intercepted arc. Therefore,

1
m ACB = AB
2

Example 1: Using the figure above, if mAB = 55 , find the measure of ACB .
Solution: Using the formula in the theorem, we have
1
m ACB = AB
2
1
m ACB = ( 55 ) By substitution.
2
m ACB = 27.5 Simplify.

Thus, the measure of ACB is 27.5 .

2. Two secants intersecting inside a circle. There are four angles

formed when two secants intersecting in the interior of the circle.
In the figure at the right, KOP , KOM , LOM , and POL .
Each of these angles intercepts an arc. KOP intercepts KP ,
KOM intercepts KM , MOL intercepts ML , and POL
intercepts PL . The measure of each angle is one-half the sum of
the measures of its intercepted arcs. In symbols, we have m LOM =
1
2
(ML + KP )
Now, let us prove this theorem using two-column form.

Theorem. The measure of an angle formed by secants intersecting inside a circle is

one-half the sum of the measures of its intercepted arcs.

Given: KL and MP are secants intersecting inside the circle at O.

Prove: m LOM =
1
2
(
ML + KP )
Proof:

Statements Reasons
1. KL and MP are secants intersecting 1. Given
inside the circle at O
2. Draw PL 2. Line Postulate
3. m LOM = m LPM + m PLK 3. The measure of an exterior angle is
equal to the sum of the measures of
its remote interior angles.
1
4. m LPM = mML
2 4. Inscribed Angle Theorem
1 The measure of an inscribed angle
m PLK = mPK is one-half the measure of its
2
intercepted arc.
1 1
5. m LPM + m PLK = mML + mPK
2 2 5. Addition Property of Equality
6. m LPM + m PLK =
1
2
(
mML + mPK )
6. Factor (Distributive Property of
Equality)
7. m LOM =
1
2
(
mML + mPK )
7. Substitution

Example 2: Using the same figure, Find the measure of KOP , if the mKP = 60

and mML = 106

Solution: Using the formula in the theorem

m KOP =
1
2
(mML + mKP )
1
m KOP = (106 + 60 ) By Substitution.
2
1
m KOP = (166 ) Simplify.
2

m KOP = 83
Thus, the measure of KOP is 83 .
3. Two secants intersecting outside the circle. An
angle formed when two secants intersecting in the
P is an angle formed by two
exterior of the circle.
secants intersecting outside the circle. P intercepts
two arcs namely CD and AB . To get the measure of
the angle, P is one-half of the difference of CD
and AB . In symbols, we have m P =
1
2
(CD − AB . )
Let us discuss how to find the measure of the angle formed by two secants
intersecting outside the circle.
Theorem. The measure of the angle formed by two secants intersecting outside the
circle is one-half the difference of its intercepted arcs.

Given: AC and BD are two secants of circle O intersecting at P.

Prove: m P =
1
2
(CD − AB )
Proof:

Statements Reasons
1. AC and BD are two secants of 1. Given
Circle O intersecting at P .
2. Draw AD 2. Line Postulate

3. m 1 is an exterior angle of DAP 3. Definition of exterior angle of a triangle

4. m 1 = m 2 + m P 4. Exterior Angle Theorem

5. m P = m 1 − m 2 5. Subtraction Property of Equality

1 1
6. m 1 = mCD ; m 2 = m AB 6. Inscribed Angle Theorem
2 2
1 1
7. m P = mCD − m AB 7. Substitution
2 2
m P =
1
2
(
mCD − m AB )

Example 3: Find the measure of P if mCD = 156 and mAB = 78 .

Solution: m P =
1
2
(
mCD − m AB ) Use the formula.

1
m P = (156 − 78 ) By substitution.
2
1
m P = ( 78 ) Simplify.
2
m P = 39

Therefore, the measure of  P is 39o

Example 4. Given the figure, if m P = x , mCD = 100 and mAB = 36 Find x.

Solution: m P =
1
2
(
mCD − m AB ) Use the formula.

1
x = (100 − 36 ) By substitution.
2
1
x= ( 64 ) Simplify.
2
x = 32

Hence, x or  P equals 320.

 ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!

Directions: Answer the following. Write your solutions on a separate sheet of paper.
1. In the figure on the right,
a. If mBE = 100 , find the measure of 1 .
b. if mEY = 125 and mBY = 143 , find m BYE .
c. If m1 = 36 , find mBE .

2. Given the figure on the right,

a. if mHE = 68 and mPS = 130 , find m HOE .
b. if mHS = 52 and mEP = 70 , find m 1 .

3. Refer to the circle on the right,

a. if mCV = 110 and mOI = 58 , find m CDV .
b. if mCV = 134 and mOI = 36 , find m D .

ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!

Direction: In each of the given figures, find the measure of the unknown angle (x).

1. 4.

Answer: ________ Answer: ________

2. 5.

Answer: ________ Answer: ________

3.

Answer: ________
our area is poor, as a student, what comments and suggestions can you offer to give
solution to the internet connection problem?

POSTTEST

Directions: Read each question carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to
the correct answer.
1. In the figure, what is the correct formula to find the measure of U ?
A. m U =
1
2
(mTL + mRY ) C. m U =
1
2
(mTL − mRY )
B. m U =
1
2
(mTR + mLY ) D. m U =
1
2
(mTR − mLY )
2. Using the same figure in number 1, if mTR = 65 , and
mLY = 45 , what is the m TUR ?
A. m TUR = 35 B. m TUR = 45 C. m TUR = 55 D. m TUR = 65

3. Given the figure, what is the correct mathematical formula in finding the
measure of OLV ?
A. m OLV =
1
2
(
mSE − mOV )
B. m OLV =
1
2
(
mSE + mOV )
C. m OLV =
1
2
(
mSO − mEV )
D. m OLV =
1
2
(mSO + mEV )
4. Using the same figure in number 3, if the mSE = 140 , and
mOV = 50 , what is the m SLE ?
A. m SLE = 41 C. m SLE = 44
B. m SLE = 42 D. m SLE = 45

5. Given the figure, what is the value of x?

A. 72 C. 76
B. 74 D. 78
Mathematics 10
Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 10
Proving Theorems on Angles
Formed by Intersecting
Tangents of a Circle
 EXPECTATIONS
1. Prove theorems on two tangents intersecting of a circle.
2. Prove theorems on a tangent and a secant intersecting of a circle.
3. Find measures of angles formed by intersecting tangents and intersecting
a tangent and a secant of a circle.

PRETEST

Direction: Read each question carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to
the correct answer.

1. In the figure on the right, AB and CB are two

tangents intersecting outside the circle P at point
B . AJC and AC are the two intercepted arcs of
ABC . What is the m ABC ?
A. m ABC =
1
2
(
m AC − m AJC ) C. m ABC =
1
2
(
m AC + m AJC )
1
(
B. m ABC = m AJC − m AC
2
) 1
(
D. m ABC = m AJC + m AC
2
)
2. Suppose mAJC = 216 in figure number 1, what is the measure of ABC ?
A. 36 B. 40 C. 46 D. 56

3. In the figure on the right, BF is a secant and DC

is a tangent intersecting outside the circle at point
C. BED and DF are the two intercepted arcs of
BCD . What is the m C ?

A. m C =
1
2
(
mDF + mBED ) C. m C =
1
2
(
mBED − mDF )
1
(
B. m C = mBF + mDF
2
) 1
(
D. m C = mBF − mDF
2
)
4. Suppose m BED = 170 and m DF = 80 in figure number 3, what is the
m BCD ?
A. 43 C. 45
B. 44 D. 46

5. Refer to the figure on the right, if mAHC = 200 ,

what is the m ADC ?
A. 90 C. 97
B. 95 D. 100
 RECAP
A. Let us recall by connecting the dots to the appropriate term for each figure
below.

Common Tangent

Common Internal Tangent

Common External Tangent

Internally Tangent Circles

Externally Tangent Circles

B. Recall and study the following examples:

1. In the figure, AC = 8, AB = 17, and BC = 15. Show that BC is tangent to
circle A.

Solution:
BC is tangent to circle A if it is perpendicular to
AB at point S . Using the concepts of right triangle
we have AB2 must be equal AC 2 + BC 2

AB2 = AC 2 + BC 2
172 = 82 + 152
289 = 64 + 225
289 = 289

Since AB2 = AC 2 + BC 2 , by the Converse of Pythagorean Theorem, ACB is

a right triangle with AC ⊥ BC . Therefore, BC is tangent to circle A.

2. In the given figure, determine if LM is a tangent to circle P at A.

a) PA = 12 , AM = 9 and PM = 15
b) PA = 6 , AL = 4 and PL = 8
 Solutions:
a) If LM is a tangent to circle P at A then LM ⊥ PA ,
hence, the converse of Pythagorean Theorem
can be applied.
( PM ) = ( PA) + ( AM )
2 2 2

(15) = (12) + ( 9)
2 2 2

225 = 144 + 81
225 = 225 Thus, LM is tangent to P at A .

b) Using the same principle, we have

( PL ) = ( AL ) + ( PA)
2 2 2

( 8) = ( 4 ) + ( 6 )
2 2 2

64 = 16 + 36
64  52 So, in this case, LM is not tangent to P.

LESSON

In this self-learning module, we are going to prove theorems on angles formed

by intersecting tangents of a circle and intersecting tangent-secant of a circle.

Theorem: Angle Formed by Two Tangents. If two tangents intersect in the exterior
of a circle, then the measure of the angle formed is one-half the positive difference of
the measures of the intercepted arcs.

Given: KP and MP are tangents to circle O at P .

1
Prove: m P = mKSM − mKM
2
( )
Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. Draw KM 1. Line Postulate
2. In PKM , 1 is an exterior angle 2. Definition of exterior angle
3. m 1 = m 2 + m P 3. Exterior Angle Theorem
4. m P = m 1 − m 2 4. Subtraction Property of Equality
1 1
5. m 1 = mKSM ; m 2 = mKM 5. The measure of an angle formed
2 2 by tangents is one-half of the
difference of its intercepted arcs.
6. m P =
1 1 6. Substitution
mKSM − mKM
2 2
1
7. m P = mKSM − mKM
2
( ) 7. Factoring
Example 1: Find the m  P if mKM = 168 .
1
( )
Solution: Since m P = mKSM − mKM then we have to find first the measure of
2
the major arc KSM . To find it, use the measure of the whole circle 360.
mKSM = 360 − mKM
mKSM = 360 − 168
mKSM = 192

Then, use the theorem to find m  P .

1
(
m P = mKSM − mKM
2
) Use the formula.

1
m P = (192 − 168 ) By substitution.
2
1
m P = ( 24 ) Simplify.
2
m P = 12

Theorem: Angle Formed by a Tangent and a Secant.

a) If a secant and a tangent intersect in the exterior of a circle, then measure of the
angle formed is one-half the positive difference of the measures of the intercepted
arcs.

In the figure on the right, DC is a tangent and BC

is a secant intersecting outside the circle at point C.
DEB and DF are the two intercepted arcs of DCB .

Therefore, mDCB =
1
2
(
mDEB − mDF )

Example 2: If mDEB = 186 and mDF = 70, then find mDCB.

1
mDCB = (186 − 70 ) By substitution.
2
1
mDCB = (116 ) Simplify.
2
mDCB = 58
Hence, the measure of angle DCB is 58O.

b) If a tangent and a secant intersect at the point of tangency, then the measure of
each angle formed is one-half the measure of its intercepted arc.
 In the figure on the right, MP is a secant and NS is
a tangent intersecting at P, the point of tangency.
MP is the intercepted arc of MPN while
MTP is the intercepted arc of MPS
1 1
Hence, mMPN = mMP and mMPS = mMTP
2 2

Example 3: If mMP = 170 , find mMPN .

Solution:
1
mMPN = mMP Applying the theorem.
2
1
mMPN = (170 ) By substitution.
2
mMPN = 85 Simplify.

Thus, the measure of angle MPN is 85.

Example 4: If mMTP = 190 , find mMPS .

Solution:
1
mMPS = mMTP Applying the theorem.
2
1
mMPS = (190 ) By substitution.
2
mMPS = 95 Simplify.

Thus, the measure of MPS is 950.

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!

Directions: Answer the following. Write your solutions on a separate sheet of paper.
1. In the figure on the right,
a. If mHM = 150 , find the measure of O .
b. if mHEM = 244 and find mHOM .

2. Given the figure on the right,

a. If mPSA = 210 , find m1 .
b. If m1 = 105 , find mPTA .

3. Refer to the circle on the right,

a. if mBDN = 164 and mRN = 78 , find m RAN .
b. if mBR = 100 and mRN = 86 , find m A .
ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!
In each of the given figure, find the measure of the unknown angle (x).
1. 4.

Answer: ________ Answer: ________

2. 5.

Answer: ________ Answer: ________

3.

Answer: ________

ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!

Refer to the figure on the right,

Given: AB and CB are tangents to O at A and C,

respectively, and intersect at the exterior point B.

Prove: m ABC =
1
2
(m APC − m AC )
Proof: (Supply the missing Statements/Reasons)

Statements
1. _________________________
2. Draw chord ________________
3. In ABC , ________________________
4. m 1 = m 2 + m B
5. mB = _____________
1 1
6. m 1 = m APC ; m 2 = m AC
2 2
1 1
7. m B = m APC − m AC
2 2
8. mB = _____________
Reasons
1. Given
2. Line Postulate
3. Definition of exterior angle
4. ___________________________
5. Subtraction Property of Equality
6. _____________________________
7. ____________________________
8. Common Monomial Factor
 POSTTEST

Direction: Read each question carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to
the correct answer.

1. In the figure on the right, AB and CB are two

tangents intersecting outside the circle O at point
B . APC and AC are the two intercepted arcs of
ABC . What formula shall we use to find the m ABC ?

A.
1
m ABC =
2
(
m AC + m APC ) C. m ABC =
1
2
(
m AC − m APC )
1
(
B. m ABC = m APC + m AC
2
) 1
(
D. m ABC = m APC − m AC
2
)
2. Suppose mAPC = 212 in figure number 1, what is the measure of ABC ?
A. 32 C. 36
B. 34 D. 38

3. In the figure on the right, BR is a secant and NA is a

tangent intersecting outside the circle at point A.
BDN and RN are the two intercepted arcs of
BAN . What formula shall we use to find the m A ?

A.
1
m A =
2
(
mBDN + mRN ) C. m A =
1
2
(
mBDN − mRN )
1
(
B. m A = mBDN + mBR
2
) 1
(
D. m A = mBDN − mBR
2
)
4. Suppose m BDN = 188 and m RN = 72 in figure number 3, what is the
m RAN ?
A. 48 C. 68
B. 58 D. 78

5. If MS passes through the center of the circle, as

shown in the figure on the right, what conclusion
can you draw?
A. mMPS  mMTS C. m 1  m 2
B. m MSU  m MSE D. All of the above
Mathematics 10
Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 11
Proving Theorems on Intersecting
Segments of a Circle
 EXPECTATIONS

1. Prove theorems on segments intersecting of a circle.

2. Find the measure of the lengths of the segments intersecting of a circle.

PRETEST

Directions: Read each question carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to
the correct answer.

1. In the circle shown at the right, LK intersects MN at O .

Which is the best solution in finding the length of the
segments.
A. NM = KL C. NO ( MO ) = KO ( LO )

B. NO + MO = LO + KO D. KN = LM

2. Using the same figure in number 1, if NO = 6 , MO = 4

and KO = 8 , what is the length of segment LO ?
A. 3 C. 5
B. 4 D. 6
3. Given the figure on the right, PR and TR are
secants. If PR = 15 cm, QR = 6 cm, and SR = 8 cm.
What is the length of TR ?
A. 20 cm C. 10.25 cm
B. 11.25 cm D. 6.75 cm

4. In finding the length of TR in number 3, which formula did you use?

A. RQ  RS = QP  ST C. RQ  PQ = RS  TS
B. RP  QP = TR  ST D. PR  QR = TR  SR

5. Refer to the figure on the right, if GR = 8 cm and

RY = 18 cm, what is the length of GL ?
A. 10 cm C. 14.42 cm
B. 12 cm D. 16.25 cm

RECAP

A. In the figure below, SR is a diameter of circle O and mRW = 56 .

 Find:
1) mSW
2) m RSW
3) m SRW
4) m WRE
5) m WER
6) m EWR

B. Supply the missing words to complete each theorem.

1) The measure of an angle formed by two secants intersecting on a circle is
_______________________________________________________________________.

2) The measure of an angle formed by two secants intersecting inside a circle

is _______________________________________________________________.

3) The measure of the angle formed by two secants intersecting outside a

circle is ________________________________________________________________.

4) If a secant and a tangent intersect in the exterior of a circle, then measure

of the angle formed is __________________________________________________.

5) If a tangent and a secant intersect at the point of tangency, then the

measure of each angle formed is _______________________________________.

LESSON

We have learned about theorems on angles formed by intersecting secants,

tangents, and a tangent and a secant of a circle. Now, we are going to discuss about
the theorems on the lengths of segments intersecting a circle. Likewise, these
theorems involve the lengths of intersecting chord segments, secants segments,
tangents segments, a tangent and a secant segment.

Theorem on Intersecting Chords Segments:

If two chords of a circle intersect, then the product of the measures of the segments of
one chord is equal to the product of the measures of the segments and the other chord.

Consider the circle shown on the right, LK intersects MN at O .

From the theorem, LO  KO = MO  NO

Let us prove the theorem on intersecting segments of chords.

Given: LK intersects MN at O .
Prove: LO  KO = MO  NO

Proof:

Statements Reasons
1. LK intersects
MN at O 1. Given

2. Draw LM and NK 2. The Line Postulate

3. L  N 3. Angles intercepting in the same arc are
congruent.
4. M  K 4. Angles intercepting in the same arc are
congruent.
5. LOM NOK 5. The AA similarity theorem
LO MO 6. Corresponding sides are proportional in a
6. = similar triangles.
NO KO
7. LO  KO = MO  NO 7. Multiplication Property of Equality (MPE)

Example 1: Using the theorem that previously learned, study the following
examples.

a) Find the value of x. b) Find the value of x. c) Find the value of x.

Solution: Solution: Solution:

VI  DI = CI  OI EO  RO = PO  WO HS  PS = ES  OS
8  5 = 10  x 4 x  2 x = 6 12 x (9 − x ) = 4  5
10 x = 40 8x 2 = 72 9 x − x2 = 20
40 x2 = 9 x2 − 9 x + 20 = 0
x=
10 x=3 ( x − 5)( x − 4) = 0
x=4
x = 5 or x = 4

Theorem on Intersecting Secants Segments:

If two secant segments intersect in the exterior of the circle, the product of the length of
one secant segment and the length of its external part is equal to the product of the
length of the other secant segment and the length of its external part.

If secants PQ and TS intersect at R, then RQ  RP = RS  RT .

Let us prove the theorem on intersecting segments of secants.

Given: PQ and TS are secants intersecting at R.
Prove: RQ  RP = RS  RT
Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. PQ and TS are secants 1. Given

2. Draw PS and TQ 2. The Line Postulate

3. SPQ  QTS 3. Angles intercepting the same arc are
congruent.
4. TRP  TRP 4. Reflexive Property
5. QTR SPR 5. The AA Similarity Theorem
RP RS 6. If two triangles are similar, then their
6. = corresponding sides are proportional.
RT RQ
7. RQ  RP = RS  RT 7. Multiplication Property of Equality

Example 2: Use the figure on the right to answer the following.

a) If RQ = 10, PQ = 16, and RS = 13, find RT.

b) If RQ = 8, PQ = x, RS = 10, and ST = 20 find PQ.
c) If RQ = x, PQ = x + 3, RS = 6, and TS = x + 3, find x.

Solutions:
a) The relation of b) The relation of two c) The relation of two
two secants secants secants
RQ  RP = RS  RT RQ  RP = RS  RT RQ  RP = RS  RT
10  26 = 13  RT 8 (8 + x ) = 10(30) x ( x + x + 3) = 6(6 + x + 3)
10  26
RT = 64 + 8 x = 300 x ( 2x + 3) = 6( x + 9)
13 8 x = 300 − 64 2 x2 + 3x = 6 x + 54
RT = 20 236
x= 2 x2 − 3x − 54 = 0
8
x = 29.5
( 2x + 9)( x − 6) = 0
−9
x= and x = 6
2
Note: Reject answer with
negative value since the
distance between two points
is a unique positive number.

Theorem on Intersecting Tangent and a Secant Segments:

If a tangent segment and a secant segment intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the
square of the length of the tangent is equal to the product of the lengths of the secant
segment and its external part.

If tangent QT and QS secant intersect at Q , then ( QT ) = QS  QR

2
Let us prove the theorem on intersecting tangent and a secant segments.
Given: QT is a tangent segment and QS is a secant segment
Prove: ( QT ) = QS  QR
2

Proof:

Statements Reasons
1. QT is a tangent segment 1. Given
and QS is a secant segment
2. Draw ST and RT . 2. The Line Postulate
3. Q  Q 3. Reflexive Property
4. RST  RTQ 4. Angles intercepting in the same
arc are congruent.
5. RTQ PSR 5. The AA Similarity Theorem
QT QR 6. Corresponding sides are
6. = proportional in similar triangles.
QS QT
7. ( QT )
2
= QS  QR 7. Multiplication Property of Equality

Example 3: Study the following examples.

Given the figure on the right, GL is tangent to circle O at L.
a) If GR = 8 cm and RY = 10 cm, find GL.
b) If GL = 6 cm, GR = x, and RY = x + 6, find GY.

Solutions:
a) Using the relation GL2 = GR  GY
GL2 = 8 18 By substitution. Note: GY=10 + 8 =18
GL = 144
2
Extract the square root.
GL = 12 cm Simplify.
b) Again, Using the relation GL = GR  GY
2

62 = x ( x + x + 6) By substitution.
36 = x ( 2 x + 6) By addition.
36 = 2 x + 6 x
2
By multiplication.
18 = x2 + 3x Reduce common factor.
x2 + 3x −18 = 0 Equate to 0.
( x − 3)( x + 6) = 0 By factoring.
x −3 = 0 ; x+6=0 Solve for x.
x=3 x = −6 (reject the negative value.)

Thus, x = 3 and GY = 2x + 6 or 12.

Theorem on intersecting Tangents Segments:
If two tangent segments are drawn to a circle from an external point, then the two
tangent segments are congruent.

Given: AB and CB are tangents segments to circle P.

Prove: AB  CB

Proof:

Statements Reasons
1. AB and CB are tangents segments 1. Given
to circle P .
2. AB ⊥ PA and CB ⊥ PC 2. The Tangent-Line Theorem
3. BAP and BCP are right angles. 3. Definition of perpendicularity
4. BAP and BCP are right triangles. 4. Definition of right triangle
5. AP  CP 5. Radii in a circle are congruent
6. Draw PB 6. The Line Postulate
7. PB  PB 7. Reflexive Property
8. BAP  BCP 8. H-L Theorem
9. AB  CB 9. Corresponding Parts of
Congruent Triangles are
Congruent (CPCTC)

Example 4: Using the same figure above, AB and CB are two tangents
intersecting outside the circle P at point B . If m AB = 10, what is
m CB ?
Solution:

Since AB and CB are tangents to the same circle from the same exterior point, then
AB  CB , and therefore, AB = CB . Thus, if AB = 10 , then CB = 10 .

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!

A. Direction: In your notebook, illustrate and label a circle using the following
descriptions. (Note: use compass and protractor or download geogebra
application in constructing the activity)
1. center O
2. secant segments LM and KM
3. external secant segments PM and AM
4. tangent segment TM
5. radius OT
 B. Direction: Connect the dots to the appropriate mathematical relation for each
figure below.
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!

Direction: Find the length of the unknown segment (x) in each of the following
figures.

1) SOLUTION:
 2) SOLUTION:

3) SOLUTION:

4) SOLUTION:

5) SOLUTION:

ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!

Direction: Use the given figure to find measure of the segment.

1) If VU= 3 cm, SU = 6 cm, and SOLUTION:

RU = 4 cm, then IU = ?

2) If VU = 5 ft, UI = 8 ft, and SOLUTION:

RU = 4 ft, then SR = ?
 3) If RQ = 5 cm, QP = 9 cm, and SOLUTION:
RS = 6 cm, then TS = ?

4) If RQ = 4 in, QP = 16 in, and SOLUTION:

ST = 6 in, then RT = ?

5) If GL = 8 cm, GR = 4 cm, and SOLUTION:

RY = x, find GY.

6) If GL = y, GR = 9 cm, and SOLUTION:

RY =16 cm, find y.

WRAP-UP

What are the different theorems related to intersecting segments of a circle?

How do you find the length of segments? Give examples of each.
 VALUING
REFLECTION: (Journal Writing)

Give the importance of studying the concept of the segments of a circle in our
daily life. Cite some examples of its uses. How about this pandemic crisis of COVID-
19, do you think the concept is useful in giving solutions to this crisis? In what way?

POSTTEST

Direction: Read each question carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to
the correct answer.

1. In circle E figure, LO is a tangent and VR is a secant intersecting at L.

If VR = 5 and LV = 4 , what is LO ?
A. 4 C. 6
B. 5 D. 7

2. Using figure in number 1, if LO = 8 cm, LV = 4 cm, and VR = x , what is the

value of segment x?
A. 8 cm C. 14 cm
B. 12 cm D. 16 cm
3. Refer to the given figure, If CE = 9, DE = 12, AE = 6
and BE = x, what is the value of x?
A. 18 C. 22
B. 20 D. 24
4. In the figure, CD and BE are secants that intersect
at A outside the circle. If CD = 5, AC = 8, AB = 7 and
BE = x, what is the value of x?
A. 6.56 C. 7.56
B. 6.68 D. 7.86
5. Using figure in number 4, if CD = 9 cm, AC = 12 cm, BE = 4 cm, and AB = y.
what is the value of y?
A. 14 C. 18
B. 16 D. 20
Mathematics 10
Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 12
Solving Problems on
Circle
 EXPECTATION

1. Solve problems on a circle involving: a. angles formed by tangents of a circle;

b. angles formed by secants and tangents; and c. segments formed by two
intersecting chords, secant segments, tangent segments, and external
secant segments.

PRETEST

Direction: Read each question carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to
the correct answer.

1. The two tangents from an external point C to a P are AC and BC. If

m ACB = 70 then m APC ?
A. 110 C. 130
B. 120 D. 140

2. The length of the tangent to a circle from C, which is 25 cm away from the
center is 24 cm. What is the radius of the circle?
A. 5 cm C. 7 cm
B. 6 cm D. 8 cm

3. In the figure, circle Q is inscribed in ABC . What is

the perimeter of ABC ?
A. 55 cm C. 77 cm
B. 66 cm D. 88 cm

4. In the figure, AC and BC are tangents to a circle

at P . DEF is another tangent touching the circle at E.
If AC = 12 cm and FC = 8 cm, what is the length of DF?
A. 4 cm C. 6 cm
B. 5 cm D. 8 cm

5. The angle formed by two secants intersecting in the exterior of the circle
measures 68. One of its intercepted arc is 212; what is the measure of other
arc?
A. 66 C. 86
B. 76 D. 96
 RECAP
Recall the different theorems on angles formed by intersecting tangents,
intersecting secants, and intersecting tangent and a secant of a circle. Review also
the theorems on the length of segments intersecting of a circle.

LESSON

Now, that you learned the different theorems on angles formed by tangents,
secants and the segments intersecting of a circle you are going to apply those
concepts in solving real life problems involving circle.

Study the following examples.

Example 1:
AB is tangent to circle C at B. If CB = 8 cm and AB = 15 cm,
how far is point A from the center?

Solution: Using the theorem on tangent to a circle. Apply Pythagorean theorem.

AC = CB2 + AB2 Use Pythagorean Theorem.
AC = 8 + 15
2 2
Substitute.
AC = 64 + 225 Add.
AC = 289 Simplify.
AC = 17 Solve for AC.

The distance from A to C is 17cm.

Example 2:
The angle formed by two secants intersecting in the exterior of the circle measures
58. One of the intercepted arcs is 198, find the measure of the other arc (x).

Solution: Using the theorem on secants

intersecting outside of a circle, we have

1
58 = (198 − x ) Substitute.
2
116 = (198 − x ) Cross multiply.
x = 198 − 116 Subtract.
x = 82 Solve for x.

Thus, the measure of the other arc is 82.

Example 3:
The segments of one of the two intersecting chords are x + 1 and x + 3, and x-2
and x + 9 for the other chord. Find the length of each chord.

Solution: Using the theorem on intersecting chords.

( x +1)( x + 3) = ( x − 2)( x + 9) Multiply.
x2 + 4x + 3 = x2 + 7 x −18 Add/subtract terms.
3x = 3 + 18 Add.
3 x = 21 Divide by 3.
x=7 Solve for x.

If x = 7, then by substitution, the length of each chord is 80 units.

Example 4
A satellite in a geostationary orbit above earth’s equator has a viewing angle of earth
formed by the two tangents to the equator. The viewing angle is about 17.5o. Find the
measure of the arc of Earth that is viewed from the satellite camera?

Solution:
Let m AB = x.
mACB = 360 − x
17.5 =
1
2
(
m ACB − m AB ) Theorem on tangents.

1
17.5 = ( 360 − x ) − x  Substitute.
2
1
17.5 = ( 360 − 2 x ) Multiply each side by 2.
2
17.5 = 180 − x Add/Subtract.
x = 162.5 Solve for x.

Thus, a 165.5 degrees can be viewed from the satellite camera.

Example 5:
At Rainforest park, you are standing at point C as shown in the figure, about 8 feet
away from a circular fountain. The distance from you to a point of tangency on the
fountain is about 20 feet. Find the radius of the circular fountain.

Solution:
( CB ) = CE  CD
2
Apply the theorem.
20 = 8  ( 2r + 8)
2
Substitute.
400 = 16r + 64 Add/Subtract.
336 = 16r Divide both sides by 16.
r = 21 Simplify.

Thus, the radius of the circular fountain is 21 feet.

 ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!

Direction: The small recreational park in Eusebio Bliss Village III has a design similar
to the given figure.

SR and SY are tangent segments to circle P from an external point S.

1) Is SR congruent to SY ? Why?
2) Is SPR congruent to SPY ? Justify your answer.
3) Suppose mRSP = 56 , what is mYSP equal to? How about mYPS ?
mRPS ?

4) If RP = 5 cm and RS = 12 cm, what is the measure of the length of PS ? How

about the length of SY ? AS ?
5) If the diameter of the circular garden is 12 meters, and the length of side
RS is twice the radius. What is the distance of the path way PS?

ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!

Direction: In the given figure, AC and DA are secant segments and AF is a tangent
segment.

1) If DA = 16 , BC = 12 , and AB = 6 , find:
a. AE
b. AF , using secant AC .
2) If AB = 12 , BC = 18 and AE = 16 , find AD .

3) If AB = 6 , BC = x , and DE = 18 , find BC .

4) If AB = x , BC = x + 2 , AE = 5 , and DE = x + 2 , find x.

5) If mA = 36o , mBE = x , and mDC = 100 , find x.

o
ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!
Direction: Solve the following problems. (You may answer only two (2) from the
given problems.)
1. Marco is 13 meters away from the center of a circular quarantine facility. If
the diameter of the circular quarantine facility for COVID-19 patient is 10
meters and a path walk through Marco is tangent to the entrance of the
facility. How far is he from the entrance of the facility TM ?

2. Gabriel wants to determine the radius of a circular pool without getting wet.
He is located at point K, which is 4 feet from the pool and 12 feet from the
point of tangency as shown in the accompanying diagram. What is the radius
of the pool?

3. In the figure, ABC is circumscribing a circle. Find the length of BC .

4. The radii of two concentric circles are 4 cm and 5 cm, find the length of the
chord of one circle which is tangent to the other circle.

5. A mini zoo has a large circular aviary, a habitat for birds. Suppose you are
standing about 40 feet from the aviary. The distance from you to a point of
tangency on the aviary is about 60 feet. What is the radius of the circular
aviary?
 WRAP-UP

Answer the following questions.

1. Did you find any difficulty in answering each problem?

2. Which particular concepts did you find difficult to solve?
3. How did the activities help you realize the importance of the topic in real life?
4. Formulate one real life problem with your own solution in each theorem.
Write it in your notebook.

VALUING
REFLECTION:(Journal Writing)

How will you use the concepts of tangents and secants as a solution to the
pandemic problem that we are facing today? Can you formulate strategy on how to
beat COVID-19?

POSTTEST

Direction: Read each question carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to
the correct answer.

1. From a cottage, the pathways are tangents to a circular kiddie pool. If the
cottage is situated at C, and the intercepted arc from each point of tangency
which is facing to the cottage is 160. What is the measure of an angle formed
by the pathways?
A. 80 C. 100
B. 90 D. 110
2. Using figure in number 1, If the length of the pathways is 16 ft and you are
standing the cottage 8 ft away from the circular kiddie pool, what is the radius
of the pool?
A. 10 cm C. 14 cm
B. 12 cm D. 15 cm

3. In the figure, AB , AC , and BC are tangents to O .

If AD = 7 cm, BF = 5 cm, EC = 4 cm, what is the
perimeter of ABC ?
A. 32 cm C. 34 cm
B. 33 cm D. 35 cm

4. In the figure, P is the center of the circle with radius

5 cm. C is a point such that PC = 13 cm and PC
intersects the circle at E. If DF is tangent to the
Circle at E. What is the length of AD?
7 10
A. cm C. cm
3 3
8 11
B. cm D. cm
3 3

5. Using figure in number 4, what is the measure of DF ?

14 19
A. cm C. cm
3 3
16 20
B. cm D. cm
3 3
Mathematics 10
Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 13
Deriving the Distance
Formula
 EXPECTATIONS

1. Derive the distance formula.

2. Determine the distance and midpoint between two points or objects on a
coordinate plane.
3. Solve problem involving distance and midpoint formula.

PRETEST

Direction: Read each question carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to
the correct answer.

1. The measure of the distance between two points is always…

A. Fraction C. Negative
B. 0 D. Nonnegative
2. Which of the following represents the distance d between the two points (x1, y1)
and (x2, y2)?

A. 𝑑 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 C. 𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
B. 𝑑 = √(𝑥1 − 𝑦1 )2 + (𝑥2 − 𝑦2 )2 D. 𝑑 = √(𝑥1 + 𝑦1 )2 + (𝑥2 + 𝑦2 )2

3. What is the distance between points A (-4, 3) and B (0, 0)?

A. 4 C. 6
B. 5 D. 7
4. Find the midpoint between points L (0,5) and V (8, –1).
A. (8, -6) C. (4, 2)
B. (-6, 8) D. (2, 4)

5. Using the figure below, how far will Jan have to travel if she wants to go to the
mall?
A. 7.62km
B. 7km
C. 6.27km
D. 3.16km
 RECAP

I. Use the number line to find the length of each of the following segments.

1. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 3. ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝐺
̅̅̅̅
2.𝐶𝐸 4. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐻
How did you find the length of each segment? How many ways can you find the
distance of each segment?

II. Determine the length of the missing side of each of the right triangle.
6
3
5
1. ? 8 3. 3 3
3 3
?
3

? 5
3
2. 4.
3
11 12
15 ? 3
3

How did you get the value of the missing side? Explain what formula did you use to
find the answer?
 LESSON

The Distance Formula

The distance formula is a nonnegative measure that is used to find the

distance between two points whether it is aligned horizontally or vertically which can
be represented as points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2).
Let us consider points P and R whose coordinates are (x1, y1) and (x2, y2)
respectively. The distance d between these points can be determined using the
distance formula d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 or PR = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 .
The Midpoint Formula

If A (x1, y1) and B (x2, y2) are the endpoints of a segment and M is the midpoint,
𝑥1 +𝑥̇ 2 𝑦1 +𝑦2
then the coordinates of 𝑀 = ( , ), which is also known as the Midpoint
2 2
Formula.
Example 1: Determine the distance between P (2, 6) and R (5, 10).

Solution: To find the distance between P and R, do the following procedures.

1. Let (x1, y1) = (2, 6) and (x2, y2) = (5, 10)
2. Substitute the corresponding values of x1, y1, x2 and y2 in the
distance formula PR = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
3. Solve the resulting equation.
PR = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

= √(5 − 2)2 + (10 − 6)2

= √( 3 )2 + ( 4 )2
= √ 9 + 16
= √ 25
PR = 5
The distance between P and R is 5 units.
Example 2: Find the distance and midpoint between M (3, 7) and N (-8, 12).

Solution: a. To find the distance between M and N, follow the following

procedures.

1. Let (x1, y1) = (3, 7) and (x2, y2) = (-8, 12)

2. Substitute the corresponding values of x1, y1, x2 and y2 in the
distance formula MN = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
3. Solve the resulting equation.
MN = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

= √(−8 − 3)2 + (12 − 7)2

= √(−11 )2 + ( 5 )2
= √ 121 + 25
= √146
MN = 12.08

The distance between M and N is approximately 12.08 units.

B. To find the midpoint of M (3, 7) and N (-8, 12), let us use the same procedure

1. Let (x1, y1) = (3, 7) and (x2, y2) = (-8, 12)

2. Substitute the corresponding values of x1, y1, x2 and y2 in the
𝑥1 +𝑥̇ 2 𝑦1 +𝑦2
distance formula 𝑀 = ( , )
2 2

3. Solve the resulting equation.

𝑥1 + 𝑥2 𝑦1 + 𝑦2
𝑀=( , )
2 2
3 − 8 7 + 12
=( , )
2 2

−5 19
𝑀 =( , )
2 2

−5 19
The midpoint between M and N is ( , ).
2 2

The distance formula can be applied in a real-life situation. Particularly in

finding the distance of two places or position.
Example 3: Barangay Dela Paz officials reported the first person being infected by
the COVID-19 and considered as PUI (Person Under Investigation) and the
location is at (1, 7). If Dawn’s house is located at (-4, -8). How far is her
house from the house of the person under investigation if one unit on the
coordinate plane is equivalent to 2 kilometers?

Solution: Let x1 = 1, y1 = 7, x2 = -4 and y2 = -8

Then, substitute the corresponding values in the distance formula

d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

= √(−4 − 1)2 + (−8 − 7)2

= √(−5 )2 + (−15 )2
= √ 25 + 225
= √ 250
= √(25)(10)
d = 5√10 or d = 15.81

Since 1 unit on the coordinate plane is equivalent to 2 kilometers the distance

of Dawn to the person under investigation will be determined by multiplying the value
of d by 2. So, (15.81) (2) = 31.62 km.

The distance between Dawn’s house to the person under investigation is 31.62 km.

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!

Direction: Determine the distance between each pair of points.

1. C (2, 3) and V (4, 0) d- =

2. O (1, -2) and I (8, 7) d- =
3. V (-9, 5) and R (0, -2) d- =
4. I (3, -3) and U (1, -1) d- =
5. D (-6, 0) and S (-4, 9) d- =
ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!
Direction: Matching Type. Match the coordinates in Column A with its midpoint in
Column B. Write the letter of the correct answer inside the box.

Column A Column B

1. W(1, -2) and R(5, 1) a. (0, 0)

2. A(-4, -3) and H(4, 3) b. (7, -5/2)
3. S(8, -5) and A(6, 0) c. (3, -½)
4. H(7, -2) and N(-7, -2) d. (13/2, 4)
5. U(8, 3) and D(5, 5) e. (0, -2)

ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!

Direction: Use the figure below to answer the following questions.

1. What would be the coordinates of the store? (x, y) _______________

2. How about the coordinates of the relief center? (x, y) ________________

3. What formula are you going to use to find the distance from the store to the
relief center? _______________

a. d = √(𝑥2 + 𝑥1 )2 − (𝑦2 + 𝑦1 )2

b. d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

4. During the quarantine period, the store owner decided to donate goods and
send these to the relief center. How far (in km unit) will Mang Jose travel if he
will deliver the goods to the center? (Note: Round your answer to the nearest
hundredths.) _______________

5. What safety measures will Mang Jose do during his travel to and from the
store? _______________
 POSTTEST

Direction: Read each question carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to
the correct answer.
1. The measure of the distance between two points is always…
A. Nonnegative C. Zero
B. Fraction D. Negative
2. Which of the following represents the distance d between the two points (x1, y1)
and (x2, y2)?

A. 𝑑 = √(𝑥1 + 𝑦1 )2 + (𝑥2 + 𝑦2 )2 C. 𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

B. 𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑦2 )2 D. 𝑑 = √(𝑥1 + 𝑦1 )2 − (𝑥2 + 𝑦2 )2

3. What is the distance between points F (6, 0) and R (0, 8)?

A. 8 C. 10
B. 9 D. 11
4. Find the midpoint between points C (-2,3) and M (0, –1).
A. (-1, 1) C. (1, 1)
B. (2, -1) D. (-2, 1)

5. Using the figure below, how far will John have to travel (in km) if he wants to go
to the church?
A. 62km
B. 10 km
C. 36 km
D. 100 km
Mathematics 10
Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 14
Applying the Distance Formula to
Prove Some Geometric Properties
 EXPECTATIONS

1. Identify what figure is formed after plotting the given points on a cartesian plane.
2. Define coordinate proof.
3. Apply the distance formula to prove some geometric properties.

PRETEST

Direction: Read each question carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to
the correct answer.

1. A proof that uses figures on a coordinate plane to prove a geometric property.

A. Direct proof C. Distance formula

B. Geometric proof D. Coordinate proof
2. What figure is formed when the points A (0, 9), B (0,0) and C (7, 0) are
connected consecutively?

A. Acute triangle C. Isosceles triangle

B. Cube D. Right triangle
3. The coordinates of the vertices of a rectangle are S (1, 3), A (5, 3), F (5, 0) and E
(1, 0). What is the length of its diagonal?
A. 6 C. 4
B. 5 D. 3

4. The measures of the diagonals of a parallelogram are ___________.

A. 0 C. infinite
B. congruent D. not congruent
5. What figure is formed when the points M (1, 4), N (4,4), O (4, 0) and P (1, 0) are
connected consecutively?
A. Square C. Diamond
B. Rectangle D. Parallelogram
 RECAP

Directions: True or False. Check the box if the statement is True and check False if
it is not. Use the figure as your reference.

1. The distance from A to B is 5.4

2. The distance from A to D is 7.2
3. The distance from B to D is 7.9
4. The distance from A to C is 8
5. The figure form by the coordinates is diamond.

How did you find the answer? The measure of the distance between two points
or objects is nonnegative. And in finding the distance between two points we used
the distance formula𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 .

LESSON

Using the Distance Formula in Proving Geometric Properties

Coordinate planes can be used to prove a Geometric property. Using figures

on a coordinate plane as proof to prove geometric properties is called coordinate
proof.
 Guidelines for placing figures on a coordinate plane to prove a geometric
property.

1. Use the origin as vertex or center of a figure.

2. Place at least one side of the polygon on an axis.
3. As much as possible use only the first quadrant.
4. Use coordinates that can make computations simple and easy.
5. In some coordinate proofs, the use of Distance Formula is applied.
d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

Example 1: Prove that the sides of a parallelogram are congruent using the
methods of geometry.

Solution:

Given ABCD with sides ̅̅̅̅

𝐴𝐵 , ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 , ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐷 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐷.

Prove: ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐷𝑎𝑛 𝑑 ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐷 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶

To prove:

1. Place ABCD on a coordinate plane.

 2. Label the coordinates. A (1,4), B (5, 4), C (4, 0) and D (0, 0)
a. Find the distance between A and B.
AB = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

= √(5 − 1)2 + (4 − 4)2

= √(4)2 + (0)2
= √16
AB = 4
b. Find the distance between B and C.
BC = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

= √(4 − 5)2 + (0 − 4)2

= √(−1)2 + (−4)2
= √1 + 16
= √17
BC = 4.12
c. Find the distance between C and D.
CD = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

= √(0 − 4)2 + (0 − 0)2

= √(−4)2
=√16
CD = 4
d. Find the distance between A and D.
AD = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

= √(0 − 1)2 + (0 − 4)2

= √(−1)2 + (−4)2
= √1 + 16
= √17
AD = 4.12

Since AB= 4, CD = 4, BC = 4.12 and AD = 4.12. Then ̅̅̅̅

𝐴𝐵 = ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐷 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅̅ The
𝐴𝐷 = 𝐵𝐶.
opposite sides of a parallelogram are congruent.
Example 2: Prove that the diagonals of a square are congruent using the methods
of coordinate geometry.

Solution

Given ̅̅̅̅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝐸.

SAFE with diagonals 𝑆𝐹 ̅̅̅̅̅

̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐴𝐸
Prove: 𝑆𝐹 ̅̅̅̅

To prove:

1. Place SAFE on a coordinate plane.

2. Label the coordinates. S(0,6), A(6,6), F(6,0) and E(0,0).

a. Find the distance between S and F.
SF = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

= √(6 − 0)2 + (0 − 6)2

= √(6)2 + (−6)2
= √36 + 36
= √72
SF = 8.49
b. Find the distance between A and E.
AE = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

= √(0 − 6)2 + (0 − 6)2

= √(−6)2 + (−6)2
= √36 + 36
= √72
AE = 8.49
 ̅̅̅̅ = 𝐴𝐸.
Since SF= 8.49, AE = 8.49, then 𝑆𝐹 ̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐴𝐸
Therefore, 𝑆𝐹 ̅̅̅̅ . The diagonals of a
square are congruent.

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!

Directions: Write TRUE if the given statement is true and write FALSE if it is not.
__________ 1. Figures written on a coordinate plane is used to prove geometric
properties.
__________ 2. The diagonals of a triangle are congruent.
__________ 3. We only used distance formula in proving geometric property.
__________ 4. Use coordinates that are simple and easy to compute.
__________ 5. As much as possible, keep the figure on the first quadrant.

ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!

Directions: Use the figure to answer the following questions. Choose the letter of
the best answer.

1. What is the distance of segment MA?

a. 2 b. 3 c. 6 d. 12
2. Give the distance of segment AT.
a. 3.61 b. 0.36 c. 9.22 d. 11
3. How long is the measure of segment MT?
a. 73 b. 8.54 c. 5.40 d. 0.85
4. What will be the fourth coordinate that can make the figure a parallelogram?
a. (-2, -6) b. (2, -6) c. (-2, 6) d. (2, 6)
5. If the given figure is a parallelogram, what can you say about the measures of its
diagonals?
a. negative b. positive c. different d. congruent
figures in a coordinate plane called as coordinate geometry. And proving a geometric
property means that the given statement is correct and it is asking for a proof.

Just like in the situation right now where we are in the

process of changing the way of delivering and receiving
knowledge. The new normal in education is a challenge for the
teachers as well as for the students. The use of gadgets and
internet in studies is a big factor for educating the students this
school year. As a student, can you cite some proofs of how to be
a responsible user of gadgets and internet?

POSTTEST

Directions: Read each question carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to
the correct answer.

1. A proof that uses figures on a coordinate plane to prove a geometric property.

A. Indirect proof C. Direct Proof
B. Coordinate proof D. Distance Proof
2. What figure is formed when the points B(4, 5), O(3, -2) and X(-5, -9) are
connected consecutively?
A. Scalene Triangle C. Equilateral Triangle
B. Isosceles Triangle D. Right Triangle
3. The coordinates of the vertices of an isosceles triangle are A (0, 8), B (5,0) and
C (-5,0). What is the length of its base?
A. -5 B. -10 C. 10 D. 25

B. -10 D. 25

4. The measures of the diagonals of a rectangle are ___________.

A. infinite C. unequal
B. congruent D. zero
5. What figure is formed when the points Q(3, 2), B(11, 5), C(11, 10) and T(3, 7) are
connected consecutively?
A. Rectangle C. Square
B. Parallelogram D. Trapezoid