Non-Chronological Reports Non-Chronological Reports

Purpose: to describe the way things are. Purpose: to describe the way things are
Examples Examples
• Letter • Letter
• Non fiction book • Non fiction book
• Information leaflet • Information leaflet
• Catalogue • Catalogue
• Magazine article • Magazine article
Structure Structure
• Opening contains a general • Opening contains a general
classification classification
• A description of their chosen subject • A description of their chosen subject
• Paragraphs about different aspects of • Paragraphs about different aspects of
the subject the subject
• Conclusion • Conclusion
Language Features Language Features
• Present tense • Present tense
• Technical vocabulary relevant to • Technical vocabulary relevant to
the subject the subject
• Descriptive and factual language • Descriptive and factual language
• General language • General language
• Third person • Third person
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 Recounts Recounts
Purpose: to retell events, telling what Purpose: to retell events, telling what
happened, a sequence of events. happened, a sequence of events.
Examples Examples
• Personal story • Personal story
• Diary • Diary
• Experiment • Experiment
• Retelling events • Retelling events
• A biography or autobiography • A biography or autobiography
• Newspaper article • Newspaper article
Structure Structure
• A ‘scene setting’ opening • A ‘scene setting’ opening
• Recount of events as they occurred • Recount of events as they occurred
• In chronological order • In chronological order
• A closing statement summing up the • A closing statement summing up the
main points main points
Language Features Language Features
• Past tense • Past tense
• First or Third person • First or Third person
• Use conjunctions • Use conjunctions
• Focus on specific people or events, not • Focus on specific people or events, not
general topics general topics
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 Explanations
Purpose: to explain how something
works or why something occurs.
Examples
• What causes a tsunami?
• What causes the seasons?
• How does the Moon affect the tides?
Structure
• General statement to introduce the topic
• In chronological order
• Organised around a series of events
Language Features
• Present tense
• Third person
• Use temporal and causal conjunctions
• Include diagrams to add information
• Formal voice
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Explanations
Purpose: to explain how something
works or why something occurs.
Examples
• What causes a tsunami?
• What causes the seasons?
• How does the Moon affect the tides?
Structure
• General statement to introduce the topic
• In chronological order
• Organised around a series of events
Language Features
• Present tense
• Third person
• Use temporal and causal conjunctions
• Include diagrams to add information
• Formal voice
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 Persuasion Persuasion
Purpose: to argue the case for a Purpose: to argue the case for a
particular point of view, to persuade others. particular point of view, to persuade others.
Examples Examples
• Adverts • Adverts
• Answers to questions • Answers to questions
• Leaflets • Leaflets
• Brochures • Brochures
• Posters • Posters
Structure Structure
• Often begin with a question • Often begin with a question
• Clear presentation of the point being • Clear presentation of the point being
argued argued
• Arguments • Arguments
• Summary of the arguments followed by • Summary of the arguments followed by
a restatement of the opening argument a restatement of the opening argument
Language Features Language Features
• Present tense • Present tense
• Use temporal conjunctions • Use temporal conjunctions
• Exaggeration and Flattery • Exaggeration and Flattery
• Catchy names and slogans • Catchy names and slogans

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Instructions and Procedures Instructions and Procedures
Purpose: to instruct how something should Purpose: to instruct how something should
be done through a series of sequenced steps. be done through a series of sequenced steps.
Examples Examples
• Step-by-step guides • Step-by-step guides
• Recipes • Recipes
• How to … • How to …
• Activity Instuctions • Activity Instuctions
• Science investigations • Science investigations
Structure Structure
• Statement of what is to be achieved/ • Statement of what is to be achieved/
needs to be done needs to be done
• Materials/equipment/items needed • Materials/equipment/items needed
• Sequenced steps • Sequenced steps
• In chronological order • In chronological order
• Diagram or illustration • Diagram or illustration
Language Features Language Features
• Present tense • Present tense
• Imperative and formal tone • Imperative and formal tone
• Second person • Second person
• Detailed factual information • Detailed factual information

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Discussions or Balanced Arguments Discussions or Balanced Arguments

Purpose: to present arguments and Purpose: to present arguments and

information from differing viewpoints. information from differing viewpoints.
Examples Examples
• Should school children wear a uniform? • Should school children wear a uniform?
• Should dogs be kept on a lead in public • Should dogs be kept on a lead in public
places? places?
Structure Structure
• Usually starts with a question • Usually starts with a question
• Opening statement introducing the issue • Opening statement introducing the issue
• Arguments for/against • Arguments for/against
• Conclusion • Conclusion
Language Features Language Features
• Present tense • Present tense
• Conjunctions • Conjunctions
• Third person • Third person
• Impersonal voice • Impersonal voice
• Formal tone • Formal tone
• Technical vocabulary • Technical vocabulary

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