Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chicago Style
Everything you ever needed to know about citing sources
from the Chicago Manual of Style
Shortened citations
The first mention of a source should include all relevant information (e.g., full author name(s), full title,
publisher, date published, etc.).
Subsequent mentions should be a shortened version using this formula:
Last Name, Title of the Work, page number(s).
Mentions after the shortened form can use the abbreviated formula:
Last Name, page number(s).
If there are two or three authors, list their full names in the order they appear in the source. If there are
more than three authors, list the first author’s name followed by “et al.”
Examples of using shortened citations (preferred format in the 17th Edition):
1. Philip R. Cateora et al., International Marketing (New York: McGraw Hill, 2020), 292-294.
2. Cateora et al., International Marketing, 28-29.
3. Cateora et al., 28-29.
4. Cateora et al., 377.
Long titles that are more than four words are usually shortened. Focus on keeping key words from the title
and omitting any beginning “a” or “the.” Examples:
And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street = Mulberry Street
Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe = Fried Green Tomatoes
Ibid
If you are using the discontinued ibid notation, here are a few guidelines:
When the same source is used consecutively, instead of typing in the citation information again,
use the abbreviation “ibid.” Add the page numbers immediately following.
If the same source AND same page number are used consecutively, simply write “Ibid.”
Same example above, but using ibid:
1. Philip R. Cateora et al, International Marketing (New York: McGraw Hill, 2020), 292-294.
2. Cateora et al., International Marketing, 28-29.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid., 45.
Another example with two sources that were mentioned earlier in the text:
1. Anthony Doerr, All the Light We Cannot See (New York: Scribner, 2014), 82-84.
2. Tatiana de Rosnay, Sarah's Key (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2007), 24-27.
3. Ibid., 44.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid., 133-134.
6. Doerr, All the Light We Cannot See, 397-401.
7. Ibid., 405.
8. Ibid., 411.
For further clarification on the Chicago in-text citation style of footnotes and endnotes, consult the Chicago
Manual of Style's website. This site is full of helpful pages, so if you’re tempted to head to Google to type
in, “in-text citations Chicago,” take a peek at the official site first.
10. First name Last name, "Article Title," Journal Title Volume Number, Issue No.
(Year): Page range. URL or Name of Database.
In the bibliography:
Last name, First name. "Article Title." Journal Title Volume Number, Issue No. (Year): Page range. URL or
Name of Database.
12. First name Last name, "Article Title," Magazine Title, Full Date, page range.
In the bibliography:
Last name, First name. "Article Title." Magazine Title, Full Date.
5. First name Last name of Author, "Title of Article or Page," Title of Website, Date
published or last modified or accessed, URL.
In the bibliography:
Last name, First name or Organization Name. "Title of Article or Page." Title of Website. Date published or
last modified or accessed. URL.
Figuring out how to style web references can be tricky, but thanks to our Chicago citation machine, we’ve
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Example of Chicago Citation for a Web Page
In the footnotes and endnotes:
7. Sujan Patel, "15 Must-have Marketing Tools for 2015," Entrepreneur, January
12, 2015. http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/241570.
In the bibliography:
Patel, Sujan. “15 Must-have Marketing Tools for 2015.” Entrepreneur. January 12,
2015. http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/241570.
Don’t forget, Citation Machine allows you to generate Chicago citations for websites quickly and
accurately.
1. Shannon Miller, "Valentine Ideas Using Digital Tools, Hands, Creativity, and a
Little Love for Padlet," The Library Voice (blog), January 20,
2016, http://vanmeterlibraryvoice.blogspot.com/2016/01/valentine-ideas-using-digital-
tools.html.
In the bibliography:
Miller, Shannon. "Valentine Ideas Using Digital Tools, Hands, Creativity, and a Little Love for Padlet." The
Library Voice, January 20, 2016. http://vanmeterlibraryvoice.blogspot.com/2016/01/valentine-ideas-using-
digital-tools.html.
Chicago style bibliographies aren’t as complicated as they seem, especially when you have a generator to
do the work for you. Head to our homepage and try ours out!
2. Title of Series, episode number, “Title of Episode,” directed by First Name Last
Name, written by First Name Last Name, featuring First Names Last Names of actors,
aired Month Day, Year, on Station Name, URL.
In the bibliography:
Last Name, First Name, dir. Title of Series. Season Number, episode number, “Title of Episode.” Aired
Month Day, Year, on Station Name. URL.
4. Peter Finn. Disulfiram.
In the bibliography:
Finn, Peter. Disulfiram.
1. Name of dictionary or encyclopedia, s.v. "term," accessed Month Day Year, url.
In the bibliography:
Last name, First name of Author. Title of Dictionary or Encyclopedia. Numbered ed. Location of Publisher:
Publisher, Year.
Example of Chicago Citation for Dictionary and Encyclopedia
Entries
In the footnotes and endnotes:
3. Title, directed by First Name Last name (Year; City, State Abbrev: Producer),
Format.
In the bibliography:
Last Name, First Name, dir. Title. Year; City, State Abbrev: Producer, Year. Format.
3. _Home Lone , directed by Chris Columbus (1990; Los Angeles, CA: 20th
Century Fox), DVD.
In the bibliography:
Columbus, Chris, dir. Home Alone. 1990; Los Angeles, CA: 20th Century Fox. DVD.
Don’t forget, Citation Machine allows you to generate Chicago citations for films quickly and accurately.
How to Cite Facebook Pages in Chicago Style
In the footnotes and endnotes:
Title of Facebook Page, “Text of Post,” Facebook, Month Day, Year, URL.
In the bibliography:
Title of Facebook Page. “Text of Post.” Facebook, Month Day, Year. URL.
6. “Habitats Work in Texas After Hurricane Harvey,” Habitat for Habitat for
Humanity, published on September 11, 2019, YouTube video,
01:35, https://youtu.be/EPPALfWYGRo.
In the bibliography:
“Habitats Works in Texas After Hurricane Harvey.” Habitat for Humanity. Published on September 11,
2019. YouTube video, 01:35. https://youtu.be/EPPALfWYGRo.
How to Cite Images in Chicago Style
In the footnotes and endnotes:
First name Last name, Title of Image, Year, format, Location, State, URL.
In the bibliography:
Last Name, First Name. Title of Image. Date. Format. Location, State, URL.