Web Rules

Chicago provides citation formats for many different source types found on the web such as
online newspapers, encyclopedias and blogs.

You should first identify the unique citation structure for the electronic source you are using.

For example, do not use EasyBib’s website form to cite an electronic journal article. Instead, use
the journal form and select the “online” or “online database” tab.

Some tips to keep in mind:

        Journal article

 Include the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) at the end of the citation.
 Ensure that “DOI” is lowercase, then add a colon, a space, the DOI number and a period
 e.g., doi: 10.1177/0013161X12471832
 If no DOI is available use a stable URL
o A DOI is preferred over a URL.
o Ideally, use a shortened, stable URL (permalink) of the article or abstract. If no stable
URL is available, use the full web address instead.
o See Section 14.184 of the CMoS for full details.

General Websites

 Typically, websites should only be referred to in your in-text citations (footnotes/endnotes).

However, if your instructor requires a bibliography citation, format it as follows:

Last name, First name (or Corporation). “Article Title.” Accessed Month Date, Year.
URL.

If you are referencing a website whose content changes over time, such a wikis, use
the following format:

Last name, First name (or Corporation). “Article Title.” Last modified Month Date, Year.
URL.

For more information, see Section 14.245 of the CMoS, or

http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html.[/vc_toggle][vc_toggle
title=”Formatting URLs” open=”false”]If a URL runs across multiple lines of text in a
citation, break it after the two slashes of the protocol (http://) or before any other
punctuation (slashes, dashes, periods, etc.).

Examples of citations for a/an:

 General website article with one author

Limer Eric. “Heck Yes! The First Free Wireless Plan is Finally Here.” Gizmodo. October
1, 2013. Accessed February18, 2014. http://gizmodo.com/heck-yes-the-first-free-
wireless-plan-is-finally-here-1429566597.

General website article with no author

India: Country Specific Information.” Bureau of Consular Affairs: U.S. Passports & International
Travel. October 23, 2013. Last modified February 10, 2014.
http://travel.state.gov/content/passports/english/country/india.html.

*Note: This citation includes the “last modified” date as its content can change over time.

Online newspaper article

Kaplan, Karen. “Flu Shots May Reduce Risk of Heart Attacks, Strokes and Even Death.” Los
Angeles Times, October 22, 2013. Accessed February 11, 2014. http://articles
.latimes.com/2013/oct/22/science/la-sci-sn-flu-shot-heart-attack-stroke-death-
20131022.http://travel.state.gov/content/passports/english/country/india.html.

*Note: Newspapers are typically cited in notes or in-text citations and *not* in a bibliography. If
they are referenced in the text, leave them out of the bibliography. However, if your instructor
requires a newspaper citation in the bibliography, follow this structure.

Journal article (found in a database or elsewhere online)

Trier, James. “‘Cool’ Engagements with YouTube: Part 2.” Media Literacy 50, no. 7 (2007).
doi:10.1598/JAAL.50.7.8.

Fundamentals of Chicago Citation

Generally, Chicago/Turabian citations require:

 Author
 Title of book/article
 Title of newspaper/journal
 Publication year
  Publication month and date
 Publisher
 City of publication
 Date of access
 Page numbers
 URL or DOI (for some online sources)

What to Document/Cite
 Direct quotations
 Paraphrases and summaries
 Information and ideas that are not common knowledge, or are not available in a common
reference work
 Any information that you have borrowed, or anything that could be interpreted as your own if
not cited

Contributor Information and Titles

Section 14.72 of The Chicago Manual of Style details author formatting for both footnotes and
reference pages.

One author:

Last, First M.

Two authors:

Last, First M., and First M. Last.

More than 10 authors:

List the first seven authors, followed by et al.

Authors who use initials in their first names (e.g., J.K. Rowling, C.S. Lewis), add a space between
their initials.

Salinger, J. D. The Catcher in the Rye. Boston: Little, Brown, 1951.

For works with an editor/translator/compiler and no author, list the contributor’s name, followed
by ed./eds., comp./comps. or trans. after the contributor(s) last name(s), preceded by a comma.
One editor:

Last, First M., ed.

Two authors:

Last, First M., and First M. Last, trans.

For works with authors and additional contributors – such as an article in an edited anthology –
list the author’s name first. After the article title, list the additional contributor names, preceded
by Edited by, Compiled by, Translated by or Ed., Comp., or Trans.

If a work has an editor and a translator, list them in the same order as they appear on the title
page.

Anonymous Works

If the author is unknown, begin the citation with the title.

The Book with No Name. London: Omnibus Press, 1981.

Organizing Your Bibliography

Arrange citations entries in a reference list alphabetically by the author’s last name.

Chan, Danny.

Gover, Emily.

Kalita, Rahul.

Parekh, Rajul.

Selleck, Anne C.

Multiple works by different authors with the same last name should be alphabetized by the
authors’ first initials.

Brontë, Charlotte.

Brontë, Emily.
If a work is authored by a group or corporation, it should be listed as an author and
alphabetized by the first word in the group’s name.

Alberto, Alexandra.

Association of National Advertisers.

Doublet, Katherine.

Ikemoto, Wendy.

Capitalization Rules
Capitalization in Chicago style follows standard “headline capitalization” rules.

Capitalize:

 The first and last word of article or publication titles

 All major words, including:
o Nouns
o Pronouns
o Adjectives
o Verbs

For more information on capitalization and titling, see section 14.93 of The Chicago Manual of
Style.

Some Notes About Notes

Here are some tips about the use of footnotes/endnotes in Chicago/Turabian:

 Footnotes come at the bottom of each page, separated from the text with a line. Some
instructors prefer that you use endnotes, which are included on a separate page (titled “Notes”)
at the end of your paper.
 To acknowledge a source in your paper, place a superscript number (raised slightly and smaller
font size) immediately after the end punctuation of a sentence containing a quotation or
reference. Do not put any additional punctuation after the number.
 In the footnote or endnote itself, use the same number as your in-text reference.
 If a single paragraph of your paper contains multiple references to the same source, it is fine to
create a single footnote/endnote entry.
 Most word processing programs, such as Microsoft Word, offer options to automate creating
footnotes/endnotes.
 Check with your instructor before completing your paper to confirm which note style option
they prefer you use.
Chicago/Turabian Basics: Footnotes

Why We Use Footnotes

The style of Chicago/Turabian we use requires footnotes rather than in-text or parenthetical
citations. Footnotes or endnotes acknowledge which parts of their paper reference particular
sources. Generally, you want to provide the author’s name, publication title, publication
information, date of publication, and page number(s) if it is the first time the source is being
used. Any additional usage, simply use the author’s last name, publication title, and date of
publication.

Footnotes should match with a superscript number at the end of the sentence referencing the
source. You should begin with 1 and continue numerically throughout the paper. Do not start the
order over on each page.

In the text:

Throughout the first half of the novel, Strether has grown increasingly open and at ease in
Europe; this quotation demonstrates openness and ease.1

In the footnote:

1. Henry James, The Ambassadors (Rockville: Serenity, 2009), 34-40.

When citing a source more than once, use a shortened version of the footnote.

2. James, The Ambassadors, 14.

Citing sources with more than one author

If there are two or three authors of the source, include their full names in the order they appear
on the source. If there are more than three authors, list only the first author followed by “et al.”
You should list all the authors in the bibliography.

John K. Smith, Tim Sampson, and Alex J. Hubbard, Example Book (New York: Scholastic,
2010), 65.

John K. Smith, Example Book (New York: Scholastic, 2010), 65.

Citing sources with other contributor information

You may want to include other contributor information in your footnotes such as editor,
translator, or compiler. If there is more than one of any given contributor, include their full
names in the order they appear on the source.

John Smith, Example Book, trans. Bill McCoy and Tim Thomas (New York: Random House,
2000), 15.

John Smith, Example Book, ed. Tim Thomas (New York: Random House, 1995), 19.

If the contributor is taking place of the author, use their full name instead of the author’s and
provide their contribution.

John Smith, trans., Example Book (New York: Random House, 1992), 25.

Citing sources with no author

It may not be possible to find the author/contributor information; some sources may not even
have an author or contributor- for instance, when you cite some websites. Simply omit the
unknown information and continue with the footnote as usual.

Example Book (New York: Scholastic, 2010), 65.

Citing a part of a work

When citing a specific part of a work, provide the relevant page or section identifier. This can
include specific pages, sections, or volumes. If page numbers cannot be referenced, simply
exclude them. Below are different templates:

Multivolume work:

Webster’s Dictionary, vol. 4 (Springfield: Merriam-Webster, 1995).

Part of a multivolume work:

John Smith, ed., “Anthology,” in Webster’s Dictionary, ed. John Smith, vol 2. of Webster’s
Dictionaries (Springfield: Merriam-Webster, 1995).

Chapter in a book:
Garrett P. Serviss, “A Trip of Terror,” in A Columbus of Space (New York: Appleton, 1911), 17-
32.

Introduction, afterword, foreword, or preface:

Scott R Sanders, introduction to Tounchstone Anthology of Contemporary Creative Nonfiction:

Work from 1970 to Present, ed. Lex Williford and Michael Martone (New York: Simon &
Schuster, 2007), x-xii.

Article in a periodical:

William G. Jacoby, “Public Attitudes Toward Public Spending,” American Journal of Political
Science 38, no. 2 (May 1994): 336-61.

Citing group or corporate authors

In your footnotes, cite a corporate author like you would a normal author.

American Medical Association, Journal of the American Medical Association: 12-43.

Citing an entire source

When citing an entire work, there are no specific page numbers to refer to. Therefore, simply
exclude the page numbers from the footnote.

John K. Smith, Example Book (New York: Scholastic, 2010).

Citing indirect sources

When an original source is unavailable, then cite the secondhand source – for instance, a lecture
in a conference proceedings. If using an unpublished address, cite only in the paper/writing. If
using a published address, use a footnote with the following format.

Paula Abdul mentioned in her interview on Nightline…

Zouk Mosbeh, “Localization and the Training of Linguistic Mediators for the Third
Millennium,” Paper presented at The Challenges of Translation & Interpretation in the Third
Millennium, Lebanon, May 17, 2002.
Citing the Bible

The title of books in the Bible should be abbreviated. Chapter and verses should be separated by
a colon. You should include the version you are referencing.

Prov. 3:5-10 AV.

Citing online sources

Generally, follow the same principals of footnotes to cite online sources. Refer to the author if
possible and include the URL.

Henry James, The Ambassadors (Rockville: Serenity: 2009), http://books.google.com.

Bhakti Satalkar, “Water Aerobics,” http://www.buzzle.com, (July 15, 2010).

Citing online sources with no author

If there is no author, use either the article or website title to begin the citation. Be sure to use
quotes for article titles and include the URL.

“Bad Strategy: At E3, Microsoft and Sony Put Nintendo on the Defense,” BNET,
www.cbsnews.com/moneywatch, (June 14, 2010)

How to Cite a Book in Chicago/Turabian

Book citations in Chicago/Turabian style contain the author name, book title, publication city,
publisher, and publication year.

Citing a book in print

Structure:

Last, First M. Book. City: Publisher, Year Published.

 
Example:

James, Henry. The Ambassadors. Rockville: Serenity Publishers, 2009.

How to Cite a Chapter in Chicago/Turabian

Chapter: A division of a book usually titled or numbered

Chapter in Print:

Structure:
Last, First M. “Section Title.” In Book/Anthology, edited by First M. Last, Page(s). Edition ed.
City: Publisher, Year Published.

Front Cover:

Title page: Use the author, title, and publication information from the Title page, which comes on the
subsequent pages after the cover

Example:

Serviss, Garrett P. “A Trip of Terror.” In A Columbus of Space, 17-32. New York: Appleton,
1911.

 
How to Cite a Chapter via Website

Structure:

Last, First M. “Section Title.” In Book/Anthology, edited by First M. Last, Page(s). City:
Publisher, Year Published. Accessed Month Date, Year. URL.

Date accessed: Only include if there is no publication date

Note: When citing sources reproduced online from their print version, it is not necessary to
include online information such as the website publisher or the date of electronic publication.

Example:

Serviss, Garrett P. “A Trip of Terror.” In A Columbus of Space, 17-32. New York: Appleton,
1911. http://books.google.com.

How to Cite an Anthology

A book containing a collection of works from different authors from the same period or on the
same subject

Structure:
Last, First M. “Section Title.” In Book/Anthology, edited by First M. Last and First M. Last,
Page(s). City: Publisher, Year Published.

Front Cover

Page 2: The title page and subsequent pages after the cover will have publication information

Example:

Dillard, Annie. “Living like Weasels.” In Touchstone Anthology of Contemporary Creative

Nonfiction: Work from 1970 to Present, edited by Lex Williford and Michael Martone, 148-51.
New York: Simon & Schuster, 2007.

How to Cite an Introduction, Foreward, Preface, Afterword

Statement written before the beginning of a book – usually written by someone other than the
author. An afterward is a conclusion statement written at the end of the book.

Structure:
Last, First M. “Section Title.” Section Type. In Book/Anthology, edited by First M. Last and First
M. Last, Page(s). Edition ed. City: Publisher, Year Published.

Front Cover

Page 2: The title page and subsequent pages after the cover will have publication information

Example:

Sanders, Scott R. Introduction. In Touchstone Anthology of Contemporary Creative Nonfiction:

Work from 1970 to Present, edited by Lex Williford and Michael Martone, X-Xii. New York:
Simon & Schuster, 2007.
How to Cite an E-book in Chicago
Citing an e-book from an e-reader (Kindle, iPad, nook, etc.)

Structure:

Last, First M. Book. City: Publisher, Year Published.

Example:

James, Henry. The Ambassadors. Rockville: Serenity Publishers, 2009.

Citing an e-book found in a database*

*Note: Some ebooks may be available online through your library’s databases or catalogs.

Structure:
Last name, First name. Title of Work. Publisher city: Publisher, Year of
publication. doi:xxxx OR URL.

Example:

Rodgriuez-Garcia, Rosalia, and Elizabeth M. White. Self-Assessment in Managing

for Results: Conducting Self-Assessment for Development Practitioners. Washington, D.C.: The
World Bank, 2005. doi:10.1596/978-0-8213-6148-1.

How To Cite the Bible in Chicago/Turabian

Bible – Any bible in print, on a website or in an online database.

Structure:

Bible Title. Edition. ed. Vol. Number. City: Publisher, Year.

*Vol Note: Not all bibles will have edition or volume numbers.

Copyright Information:

Example:

The Holy Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1984.

How to Cite a Journal in Chicago/Turabian

Journal citations in Chicago/Turabian style generally include the author name, article title,
journal title, publication date, and volume/issue information. If the journal article was accessed
online, the URL or DOI is required.
How to cite a journal article found online

Structure:

Last name, First name. “Article Title.” Journal Title volume number, issue number (year of
publication). Page-page. doi:xxxx OR URL.

Note: If no DOI is available, use a stable URL.

Example:

Trier, James. “‘Cool’ Engagements with YouTube: Part 2.” Media Literacy 50, no. 7 (2007).
doi:10.1598/JAAL.50.7.8.

How to cite a journal article found in print

Structure:

Last name, First name. “Article Title.” Journal Title volume, no. issue (year of
publication). Page-page.
Example:

Lin, Meng-Fen Grace, Ellen S. Hoffman, and Claire Borengasser. “Is Social Media Too Social
for Class? A Case Study of Twitter Use.” TechTrends 57, no. 2 (2013). 39-40.

How to Cite a Newspaper in

Chicago/Turabian
Citing an newspaper article in print

Structure:

Last name, First name. “Article Title.” Newspaper Title, Month Date, Year of publication.

*Note: *According to the Chicago Manual of Style, newspaper articles are usually cited directly
in-text and not included in bibliographies. Please see CMoS section 14.206 for further details.
If your instructor requires you to cite newspaper articles, please use the following format.
Example:

Bowman, Lee. “Bills Target Lake Erie Mussels.” The Pittsburgh Press, March 7, 1990.

Citing an online newspaper article

Structure:

Last name, First name. “Article Title.” Newspaper Title, Month Date, Year of publication.
Accessed Month Date, Year. URL.

*Note: *According to the Chicago Manual of Style, newspaper articles are usually cited
directly in-text and not included in bibliographies. Please seeCMoS section 14.206 for further
details.
Example:

Kaplan, Karen. “Flu Shots May Reduce Risk of Heart Attacks, Strokes
and Even Death.” Los Angeles Times, October 22, 2013. Accessed February 11, 2014.
http://articles.latimes.com/2013/oct/22/science/la-sci-sn-flu-shot-heart-attack-stroke-death-
20131022.

How to Cite a Magazine in Chicago/Turabian

Note: When citing a magazine in Chicago/Turabian, use the same structure to cite a newspaper
in Chicago/Turabian.

Citing a magazine article in print

Structure:

Last name, First name. “Article Title.” Magazine Title, Month Date, Year of publication.

 
Example:

Bowman, Lee. “Bills Target Lake Erie Mussels.” The Pittsburgh Press, March 7, 1990.

Citing an online magazine article

Structure:

Last name, First name. “Article Title.” Magazine Title, Month Date, Year of publication.
Accessed Month Date, Year. URL.

 
Example:

Kaplan, Karen. “Flu Shots May Reduce Risk of Heart Attacks, Strokes
and Even Death.” Los Angeles Times, October 22, 2013. Accessed February 11, 2014.
http://articles.latimes.com/2013/oct/22/science/la-sci-sn-flu-shot-heart-attack-stroke-death-
20131022.

How to Cite a Blog in Chicago/Turabian

Note: According to the Chicago Manual of Style, blog posts are typically not included in
bibliographies, but can be cited in the running text and/or notes. However, if a blog is cited
frequently, you may include it in the bibliography.

Structure:

First name Last Name, “Title of Blog Post,” Blog Title (blog), Publisher/Sponsor of Blog (if
applicable), Month Date, Year of post, URL.
Notes reference:

Silver, Nate. “The White House is Not a Metronome,” FiveThirtyEight (blog), New York Times,
July 18, 2013, http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/07/18/the-white-house-is-not-a-
metronome/.

How to cite a Website in Chicago/Turabian

Citing a general website article

Note: Website citations are often left out of the bibliography and are instead mentioned in a
note or within the text. If your instructor would like a formal citation, use the format below.
Include a URL and a publication date or date of last revision; if either of those dates cannot be
found, include an accessed date. 

Note: Capitalization rules depend on the website you are citing. Titles of websites are generally
set in roman without quotation marks and capitalized in title case. In a small departure from the
16th edition, CMOS 17 specifies that if the website has a print counterpart (such as the websites
for newspapers and other publications), then it should be in italics. If it does not, then it should
be treated normally. See the examples below:

The website of the Washington Post = Washington Post 

Wikipedia’s entry on the American Revolution = Wikipedia

Structure:
Last name, First name. “Article Title.” Website Title. Month Date, Year of publication.
Publication/Updated Month Date, Year OR Accessed Month Date, Year of access. URL.

Note: If there is a “Last modified on” date, include that if the publication date cannot be found.

Examples:

Limer, Eric. “Heck Yes! The First Free Wireless Plan is Finally Here.” Gizmodo. October 1,
2013. http://gizmodo.com/heck-yes-the-first-free-wireless-plan-is-finally-here-1429566597

Shevchenko, Olga. “Remembering Life in the Soviet Union, One Family Photo at a Time.” The
New York Times. December 27, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/27/opinion/sunday/-
soviet-union-one-photos.html?action=click&pgtype=Homepage&version=Moth-
Visible&moduleDetail=inside-nyt-region-1&module=inside-nyt-region&region=inside-nyt-
region&WT.nav=inside-nyt-region

How to Cite a Tweet in Chicago/Turabian

Structure:

Last name, First name. Twitter Post. Month Day, Year, Time. Tweet URL.
Example:

Timberlake, Justin. Twitter Post. June 16, 2014, 8:05 PM.

https://twitter.com/jtimberlake/status/478689830667186176.

How to Cite a Video on YouTube in

Chicago/Turabian
Structure:

Last Name, First Name. “Video Title”. Filmed [Month Year]. YouTube video, Duration. Posted
[Month Year]. Video URL.

 
Example:

GEICO Insurance. “GEICO Hump Day Camel Commercial – Happier than a Camel on
Wednesday”. Filmed [May 2013]. YouTube video, 00:30. Posted [May 2013].
http://youtu.be/kWBhP0EQ1lA.

How to Cite a Musical Recording in

Chicago/Turabian
Citing a musical recording

Note: The Chicago Manual of Style states that audio materials should be listed in a
discography, not a bibliography. Check with your instructor and reference section 14.275 of the
manual.

Structure:
Last name, First name of performer/band name. Album Title. Record label Number of recording,
Year of recording, format.

Note: “Number of recording” refers to the catalog number for the recording. This information
can be found on the back cover or online at websites like www.discogs.com.

Example:

Arctic Monkeys. AM. Domino Records WIGCD317, 2013, compact disc.

How to Cite Sheet Music in

Chicago/Turabian
Cite sheet music like a book (or chapter, etc., as appropriate). If the title is in a language other
than English, include the original title with the translation after.

Structure:

Last Name, First Name. Title of the Piece. City, State: Publisher, Year.

Example:

Beethoven, Ludwig van. Moonlight Sonata, Op. 27, No. 2 (Complete), ed. Willard A. Palmer.
Los Angeles: Alfred Publishing, 1986.
How to Cite a Movie in Chicago/Turabian
Citing a motion picture or film in Chicago

Structure:

Movie Title. Directed by First name Last name. City of publication: Studio, Year of release.

Note: If you cannot locate certain bibliographic data from the film’s cover, consult IMDB.com
or a similar website.

Example:

Submarine. Directed by Richard Ayoade. London: Film4 Productions, 2010.

How to Cite TV or Radio in
Chicago/Turabian
Note: The Chicago Manual of Style does not have an explicit citation structure for TV episodes
or series. This citation is modeled after best practices suggested by librarians and The Chicago
Manual of Style’s Q&A website.

Structure:

TV series name. “Episode Title.” Episode number (if available). Directed by First name Last
name. Written by First name Last name. Name of network, Month Date, Year of original air
date.

Note: If you cannot find the necessary bibliographic data within the episode’s credit, consult
IMDB.com or a similar website.

Example:

House, M.D. “Simple Explanation.” Directed by Greg Yaitanes. Written by Leonard Dick. Fox
Broadcasting, April 6 2009.
How to Cite a Podcast in Chicago/Turabian
Structure:

Last Name, First Name. “Episode Title”. Podcast Title. Podcast audio, Month Date, Year of
publication. URL.

Example:

Starecheski, Laura. “Goat on a Cow”. Detective Stories. Podcast audio, Sept. 10, 2007.
http://www.radiolab.org/story/91518-goat-on-a-cow/.

How to Cite a Photo in Chicago/Turabian

How to Cite an Original Photograph

Structure:

Last, First M. Photograph Title. Month Date, Year Created. Collection, Museum/Institution,
Location.

Photograph
Plaque: Usually located next to the photograph; will provide most information about the image

Example:

Cartier-Bresson, Henri. Juvisy, France. 1938. Museum of Modern Art, New York City.

How to Cite a Photograph in Print

Structure:

Last, First M. Photograph Title. Month Date, Year Created. Collection, Museum/Institution,
Location. In Book Title. City: Publisher, Year Published.

Front Cover
Page 2 The title page and subsequent pages after the cover will have publication information

Page of Photograph

Example:

Bennett, Peter. Antique Shop, East Village. In New York City: A Photographic Portrait.
Rockport: Twin Lights, 2007.
How to Cite a Photograph via Website

Structure:

Last, First M. Photograph Title. Month Date, Year Created. Collection, Museum/Institution,
Location. Accessed Month Date, Year. URL.

Website

Date accessed: Only include if there is no publication date

Example:

Cartier-Bresson, Henri. Juvisy, France. 1938. Museum of Modern Art, New York City.
www.moma.org.

How to Cite a Photograph via Database

Structure:

Last, First M. Photograph Title. Month Date, Year Created. Collection, Museum/Institution,
Location. Accessed Month Date, Year. URL.
*URL Note: Only include if URL is stable. If none, use database name instead.

Database

Date accessed: Only include if there is no publication date

Example:

Freed, Leonard. Holidaymakers Stuck in Traffic Jam. 1965. ARTstor.

How to Cite a Digital Image

Structure:
Last, First M. “Title.” Digital image. Website Title. Month Date, Year Published. Accessed
Month Date, Year. URL.

*Title Note: If none, include description of image instead.

Website of Image

Website Footer

Image Search: Do not cite the search engine used to find the image, but the website of the image
indexed by the search engine

Date accessed: Only include if there is no publication date

Example:
Guggenheim Museum in Spain. Digital image. HowStuffWorks. Accessed July 22, 2010.
www.howstuffworks.com.

How to Cite a Thesis/Dissertation in

Chicago/Turabian
Thesis – A document submitted to earn a degree at a university.

Dissertation – A document submitted to earn an advanced degree, such as a

doctorate, at a university.

Citing a thesis or dissertation from a database

Structure:

Last, F.M. (Date published).First name Last name, “Title” master’s thesis or PhD diss.,
University, Year published, Database (Identification Number).

Example:

Kimberly Knight, “Media Epidemics: Viral Structures in Literature and New Media” PhD diss.,
University of California, Santa Barbara, 2011, MLA International Bibliography (2013420395).

Citing a thesis or dissertation from the web

Structure:

First name Last name, “Title” master’s thesis or PhD diss., University, Year published, URL
 

Wilson, P.L. (2011). Pedagogical practices in the teaching of English language in secondary
public schools in Parker County (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from
http://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/1903/11801/1/Wilson_umd_0117E_12354.pdf

How to Cite a Conference Paper in

Chicago/Turabian
Titles of unpublished works appear in quotes, not italics. If the paper has been published in the
conference proceedings, treat it like the chapter of a book (include link to citation guide); if it
was published in a journal, treat it as a journal article (include link to citation guide).

Structure:

Last name, First name. “Title of the Paper.” Paper presented at the Title of the Conference,
Location of Conference, Month and Year of Conference.
Example:

Cloyd, Allison. “A Examination of the Citation Habits of College Students.” Paper presented at
the EasyBib Information Literacy Conference, New York, NY, July 2014.

How to Cite a Lecture in Chicago/Turabian

Citing online lecture notes or presentation slides

Structure:

Last name, First name. “Presentation/Lecture Title.” Presentation/Lecture at Conference Name,

City, State of conference, Month Dates, Year of conference. Accessed Month Date, Year. URL.

Example:
Jacobson, Trudi E., and Tom Mackey. “What’s in a Name?: Information Literacy, Metaliteracy,
or Transliteracy.” Presentation at ACRL, Indianapolis, IN, April 10-13, 2013. Accessed February
11, 2014. http://www.slideshare.net/tmackey/acrl-2013.

How to Cite a Report in Chicago/Turabian

Citing an online report

Structure:

Last name, First name. Title of Work. Publisher city: Publisher, Year of publication. Accessed
Month Date, Year. URL.

Example:

Gorbunova, Yulia. Laws of Attrition: Crackdown on Russia’s Civil Society After Putin’s Return
to the Presidency. New York: Human Rights Watch, 2013. Accessed February 11, 2013.
http://www.hrw.org/reports/2013/04/24/laws-attrition.

Note: With this source, the report only specifies a publication country. To find the city of
publication and other bibliographic data, search for the ISBN or publication title on a website
like WorldCat.org (in this case, it is New York).
Citing a print report

Structure:

Last name, First name. Title of Work. Publisher city: Publisher, Year of publication.

Example:

Turnitin. What’s Wrong with Wikipedia?: Evaluating the Sources Used by Students. Oakland:
iParadigms, LLC, 2013.

How to Cite Interview in Chicago/Turabian

How to Cite an Interview Published in a Magazine, Newspaper, Website or on TV/Radio

Structure:

Interviewee Last, First M. “Interview Title.” Interview by First M. Last. Magazine Name, Month
Date, Year.

Magazine Cover
How to Cite an Article on Interview (or Online Transcript):

Use the title of the interview, the name of the interviewer and interviewee and pages from the
article within the magazine.

Example:

Obama, Michelle. “Oprah Talks to Michelle Obama.” Interview by Oprah Winfrey. O, The
Oprah Magazine, April 1, 2009.

How to Cite an Unpublished Interview

Unpublished interviews are normally only cited in text or in notes, but if you include it an
unpublished interview in a bibliography, the citation should include the name of the interviewee,
the interviewer, some identifying information if necessary or appropriate, the place and date of
the interview, and where a transcript or recording is available if it is.
Structure:

First name Last name of interviewee (identifying information), interviewed by First name Last
name of interviewer at Location, Date.

Example:

Emily Gover (Information Literacy Librarian, EasyBib.com), interviewed by Allison Cloyd,

New York, NY, July 2014, transcript, EasyBib Archives, New York City, New York.

How Cite a Mobile App in Chicago/Turabian

Mobile apps are among the most popular ways students connect with each other and digest
information. With more mobile writing tools available now than ever before, students are turning
to apps to help them complete their work. Below are some tips on how to cite mobile apps in
Chicago/Turabian.

Report ad or Upgrade.

Structure:

*Rights holder. “App Title.” Title of Website with App, Version number (Year Published or
Updated). Download URL (accessed on date).
*Note that the rights holder may be an individual but is often a group or company, and that the
date reflects the year the version you used was released, even though previous versions may have
been released in different years. An easy way to find the rights holder is to look for the copyright
symbol (©).

The rights holder is the person or group that owns the right to distribute the app itself; most often
this is the “seller.” The author is the person who built the app or maintains it over time.  Unless
the individual author is clearly available, citing the rights holder is preferred.

Example:

Thomson Reuters Corporation. “Reuters.” Apple App Store, Vers. 3.2.1 (2017).
https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/reuters/id602660809?mt=8 (accessed on 8 May 2017).
How to Cite an Encyclopedia in
Chicago/Turabian
Citing an encyclopedia entry in print

Structure:

Last name, First name. Encyclopedia Title. # ed. # vols. Edited by First Name Last Name. City
of publication: Publisher, Year of publication.

Note: Major dictionaries and encyclopedias are not usually included in bibliographies. Check
with your instructor.

Example:

McGhee, Karen and George McKay. Encyclopedia of Animals. Washington, D.C.: National
Geographic Society, 2007.
Note: No edition, volume or editor information is provided in this visual example. When such
information is unavailable, omit it from the citation.

How To Cite a Dictionary in

Chicago/Turabian
Citing an online dictionary entry

Note: Popular dictionaries should be referenced in the notes only, but lesser-known dictionaries
can be included in the bibliography. See sections 14.247 and 14.248 of the Chicago Manual of
Style for additional information.

Structure:

Dictionary title, s.v. “Definition word,” by First name Last name (if applicable), accessed Month
Date, Year, URL.

Note: Here is how you would cite the entry for “food baby” from an online dictionary accessed
October 22, 2013 in your notes:

Example:

Oxford Dictionaries, s.v. “food baby,” accessed October 22, 2013,

http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/food-baby.