Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Professional Conduct
FROM THE OFFICE OF GENERAL COUNSEL
Rule Members shall not engage in design of spaces intended for execution, Rule Members shall neither offer nor
1.402 conduct involving wanton regardless of whether execution is legally 2.102 make any payment or gift to a
disregard of the rights of others. authorized. public official with the intent of
Commentary: Wanton disregard under this influencing the official’s judgment
rule includes conduct taken in disregard of Rule Members shall not knowingly in connection with an existing or
(1) a high degree of risk that the 1.404 design spaces intended for prospective project in which the
Complainant would be adversely affected, torture, including indefinite or Members are interested.
and (2) that risk would be apparent to a prolonged solitary confinement. Commentary: This rule does not prohibit
reasonable person. “Reasonable person” Commentary: For the purpose of Rule campaign contributions made in conformity
is an objective standard and considers 1.404, solitary confinement shall be with applicable campaign financing laws.
someone who uses such qualities as defined as the confinement of prisoners
attention, knowledge, intelligence, and for twenty-two (22) hours or more per day Rule Members serving in a public
judgement which a society requires of its without meaningful human contact. 2.103 capacity shall not accept
members to protect their own interests and Prolonged solitary confinement shall be payments or gifts which are
the interests of others. Wanton disregard defined as solitary confinement, as defined intended to influence their
under this rule also includes engaging in above, for a time period in excess of fifteen judgment.
conduct that is severe or pervasive enough (15) consecutive days.1
Rule Members shall not engage in
that a reasonable person would consider it
2.104 conduct involving fraud.
harassing, hostile, or abusive. This includes, E.S. 1.6 Allied Arts and Industries:
Commentary: This rule addresses serious
but is not limited to, sexual misconduct, Members should promote allied
misconduct whether or not related to a
bullying, intimidation, or retaliation. arts and contribute to the
Member’s professional practice. Proof of
knowledge and capability of the
E.S. 1.5 Design for Human Dignity and the fraud must be based on an independent
building industries as a whole.
Health, Safety, and Welfare of the finding of a violation of the law or a finding of
Public: CANON II fraud by a court of competent jurisdiction or
Members should employ their Obligations to the Public an administrative or regulatory body.
professional knowledge and skill Members should embrace the spirit
and letter of the law governing their Rule If, in the course of their work on
to design buildings and spaces
professional affairs and should promote 2.105 a project, the Members become
that will enhance and facilitate
and serve the public interest in their aware of a decision taken by their
human dignity and the health,
personal and professional activities. employer or client which violates
safety, and welfare of the
E.S. 2.1 Conduct: any law or regulation and which
individual and the public.
Members should uphold the law in will, in the Members’ judgment,
the conduct of their professional materially affect adversely the
Rule Members shall not knowingly
activities. safety to the public of the finished
1.403 design spaces intended for
project, the Members shall:
execution.
Rule Members shall not, in the conduct (a) advise their employer or client
Commentary: The purpose of Rule 1.403
2.101 of their professional practice, against the decision,
is not to address individual positions or
knowingly violate the law. (b) refuse to consent to the
opinions. Rather, it is to codify how
Commentary: The violation of any law, local, decision, and
Members choose to embrace the highest
state or federal, occurring in the conduct of a (c) report the decision to the local
standards of professionalism, integrity, and
Member’s professional practice, is made the building inspector or other
competence. They are part of a community
basis for discipline by this rule. This includes public official charged with the
of regulated professionals who, through
the federal Copyright Act, which prohibits enforcement of the applicable
their required education, training, and
copying architectural works without the laws and regulations, unless
practice, protect the health, safety, and
permission of the copyright owner. Allegations the Members are able to cause
welfare of those who come into contact
of violations of this rule must be based on an the matter to be satisfactorily
with their work. The design of spaces for
independent finding of a violation of the law resolved by other means.
execution is inconsistent with that ideal.
by a court of competent jurisdiction or an Commentary: This rule extends only to
Designing spaces intended to end human
administrative or regulatory body. violations of the building laws that threaten
life is inconsistent with the ideal of
the public safety. The obligation under this
upholding human rights. What is lawful
rule applies only to the safety of the finished
and what is ethical are two separate
project, an obligation coextensive with the
inquiries; acting lawfully may not equate to
usual undertaking of an architect.
acting ethically. With respect to Rule 1.403,
Members should not be involved in the
Rule Members shall not counsel or a result of work performed on Commentary: This rule is intended to embrace
2.106 assist a client in conduct that the behalf of the clients. the full range of situations that may present a
architect knows, or reasonably Member with a conflict between his interests
should know, is fraudulent or illegal. CANON III or responsibilities and the interest of others.
Obligations to the Client
Those who are entitled to disclosure may
E.S. 2.2 Public Interest Services: Members should serve their clients
include a client, owner, employer, contractor,
Members should render public competently and in a professional manner,
or others who rely on or are affected by the
interest professional services, and should exercise unprejudiced and
Member’s professional decisions. A Member
including pro bono services, and unbiased judgment when performing all
who cannot appropriately communicate about
encourage their employees to professional services.
a conflict directly with an affected person
render such services. Pro bono E.S. 3.1 Competence:
must take steps to ensure that disclosure is
services are those rendered Members should serve their
made by other means.
without expecting compensation, clients in a timely and competent
including those rendered for manner. Rule When acting by agreement of
indigent persons, after disasters, 3.202 the parties as the independent
Rule In performing professional services,
or in other emergencies. interpreter of building contract
3.101 Members shall take into account
documents and the judge of
E.S. 2.3 Civic Responsibility: applicable laws and regulations.
contract performance, Members
Members should be involved in Members may rely on the advice
shall render decisions impartially.
civic activities as citizens and of other qualified persons as to
Commentary: This rule applies when the
professionals, and should strive the intent and meaning of such
Member, though paid by the owner and owing
to improve public appreciation regulations.
the owner loyalty, is nonetheless required to
and understanding of architecture act with impartiality in fulfilling the architect’s
Rule Members shall undertake to
and the functions and professional responsibilities.
3.102 perform professional services
responsibilities of architects.
only when they, together with
those whom they may engage E.S. 3.3 Candor and Truthfulness:
Rule Members making public statements
as consultants, are qualified by Members should be candid and
2.301 on architectural issues shall
education, training, or experience truthful in their professional
disclose when they are being
in the specific technical areas communications and keep their
compensated for making such
involved. clients reasonably informed about
statements or when they have an
Commentary: This rule is meant to ensure the clients’ projects.
economic interest in the issue.
that Members not undertake projects that are
Rule Members shall not intentionally
E.S. 2.4 Environmental Equity and Justice: beyond their professional capacity. Members
3.301 or recklessly mislead existing or
Members should promote fairness venturing into areas that require expertise
prospective clients about the
and safety in providing they do not possess may obtain that expertise
results that can be achieved
professional services and make by additional education, training, or through
through the use of the Members’
reasonable efforts to advise their the retention of consultants with the
services, nor shall the Members
clients and employers of their necessary expertise.
state that they can achieve results
obligations to the environment,
Rule Members shall not materially alter by means that violate applicable
including: access to clean air,
3.103 the scope or objectives of a project law or this Code.
water, sunlight and energy for all;
without the client’s consent. Commentary: This rule is meant to preclude
sustainable production, extraction,
dishonest, reckless, or illegal representations
transportation and consumption
E.S. 3.2 Conflict of Interest: by a Member either in the course of soliciting
practices; a built environment that
Members should avoid conflicts of a client or during performance.
equitably supports human health
interest in their professional
and well-being and is resistant to E.S. 3.4 Confidentiality:
practices and fully disclose all
climate change; and restoring Members should safeguard the
unavoidable conflicts as they arise.
degraded or depleted natural trust placed in them by their
resources. Rule A Member shall not render clients.
3.201 professional services if the
Rule When performing professional Rule Members shall not knowingly
Member’s professional judgment
2.401 services, Members shall make 3.401 disclose information that would
could be affected by
reasonable efforts to inform their adversely affect their client or that
responsibilities to another project
clients of the potential they have been asked to maintain
or person, or by the Member’s own
environmental impacts or in confidence, except as otherwise
interests, unless all those who rely
consequences the Member allowed or required by this Code
on the Member’s judgment
reasonably believes may occur as or applicable law.
consent after full disclosure.
2020 CODE OF ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT 4
Commentary: To encourage the full and open Commentary: Responsible control means Enforcement of Rule 4.202 refers to and
exchange of information necessary for a the degree of knowledge and supervision supports enforcement of other Rules. A
successful professional relationship, Members ordinarily required by the professional violation of Rule 4.202 cannot be established
must recognize and respect the sensitive standard of care. With respect to the work without proof of a pertinent violation of at
nature of confidential client communications. of licensed consultants, Members may sign least one other Rule.
Because the law does not recognize an or seal such work if they have reviewed it,
architect-client privilege, however, the rule coordinated its preparation, or intend to be CANON V
Obligations to Colleagues
permits a Member to reveal a confidence responsible for its adequacy.
Members should respect the rights and
when a failure to do so would be unlawful or
Rule Members speaking in their acknowledge the professional aspirations
contrary to another ethical duty imposed by
4.103 professional capacity shall not and contributions of their colleagues.
this Code.
knowingly make false statements E.S. 5.1 Professional Environment:
CANON IV of material fact. Members should provide their
Obligations to the Profession Commentary: This rule applies to statements colleagues and employees with
Members should uphold the integrity and in all professional contexts, including a fair and equitable working
dignity of the profession. applications for licensure and AIA environment, compensate them
E.S. 4.1 Honesty and Fairness: membership. fairly, and facilitate their
Members should pursue their professional development.
professional activities with E.S. 4.2 Dignity and Integrity:
honesty and fairness. Members should strive, through Rule Members shall treat their
their actions, to promote the 5.101 colleagues and employees with
Rule Members having substantial dignity and integrity of the mutual respect, and provide an
4.101 information which leads to a profession, and to ensure that equitable working environment.
reasonable belief that another their representatives and
Member has committed a employees conform their conduct E.S. 5.2 Intern and Professional
violation of this Code which to this Code. Development:
raises a serious question as Members should recognize and
to that Member’s honesty, Rule Members shall not make fulfill their obligation to nurture
trustworthiness, or fitness as a 4.201 misleading, deceptive, or false fellow professionals as they
Member, shall file a complaint statements or claims about their progress through all stages of
with the National Ethics Council. professional qualifications, their career, beginning with
Commentary: Often, only an architect can experience, or performance and professional education in the
recognize that the behavior of another shall accurately state the scope academy, progressing through
architect poses a serious question as to that and nature of their responsibilities internship and continuing
other’s professional integrity. In those in connection with work for which throughout their career.
circumstances, the duty to the professional’s they are claiming credit.
calling requires that a complaint be filed. In Commentary: This rule is meant to prevent Rule Members who have agreed to
most jurisdictions, a complaint that invokes Members from claiming or implying credit for 5.201 work with individuals engaged in
professional standards is protected from a work which they did not do, misleading others, an architectural internship
libel or slander action if the complaint was and denying other participants in a project program or an experience
made in good faith. If in doubt, a Member their proper share of credit. requirement for licensure shall
should seek counsel before reporting on reasonably assist in proper and
another under this rule. Rule Members shall make reasonable timely documentation in
4.202 efforts to ensure that those over accordance with that program.
Enforcement of Rule 4.101 refers to and whom they have supervisory
supports enforcement of other Rules. A authority conform their conduct E.S. 5.3 Professional Recognition:
violation of Rule 4.101 cannot be to this Code. Members should build their
established without proof of a pertinent Commentary: What constitutes “reasonable professional reputation on the
violation of at least one other Rule. efforts” under this rule is a common sense merits of their own service and
matter. As it makes sense to ensure that those performance and should recognize
Rule Members shall not sign or seal and give credit to others for the
over whom the architect exercises supervision
4.102 drawings, specifications, reports, professional work they have
be made generally aware of the Code, it can
or other professional work for performed.
also make sense to bring a particular
which they do not have
provision to the attention of a particular
responsible control.
employee when a situation is present which
might give rise to violation.
2020 CODE OF ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT 5
Rule Members shall recognize and E.S. 6.4 Ecosystems Enforcement of Rules 4.101 and 4.202 refer
5.301 respect the professional Members should consider with to and support enforcement of other Rules.
contributions of their employees, their clients the impact of each A violation of Rules 4.101 or 4.202 cannot
employers, professional project on the natural habitat and be established without proof of a pertinent
colleagues, and business ecosystem to promote violation of at least one other Rule.
associates. environmental and human health.
Amendment
Rule Members leaving a firm shall not, E.S. 6.5 Climate Change The Code of Ethics and Professional
5.302 without the permission of their Members should incorporate Conduct may be amended by the
employer or partner, take designs, adaptation strategies with their convention of the Institute under the same
drawings, data, reports, notes, or clients to anticipate extreme procedures as are necessary to amend the
other materials relating to the weather events and minimize Institute’s Bylaws. The Code may also be
adverse effects on the amended by the AIA Board of Directors
firm’s work, whether or not
performed by the Member. environment, economy and public upon a two-thirds vote of the entire Board.
health.
Rule A Member shall not unreasonably *2020 Edition. This copy of the Code of
5.303 withhold permission from a Rule Members shall consider with their Ethics is current as of December 10, 2020.
departing employee or partner to 6.501 clients the environmental effects Contact the General Counsel’s Office for
take copies of designs, drawings, of their project decisions. further information at (202) 626-7311.
data, reports, notes, or other
materials relating to work
performed by the employee or RULES OF APPLICATION,
partner that are not confidential. ENFORCEMENT, AND
Commentary: A Member may impose AMENDMENT
reasonable conditions, such as the payment Application
of copying costs, on the right of departing The Code of Ethics and Professional
persons to take copies of their work. Conduct applies to the professional
activities of all members of the AIA.
CANON VI
Obligations to the Environment Enforcement
Members should recognize and The Bylaws of the Institute state
acknowledge the professional procedures for the enforcement of the
responsibilities they have to promote Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct.
sustainable design and development in Such procedures provide that:
the natural and built environments and to (1) Enforcement of the Code is
implement energy and resource conscious administered through a National
design. Ethics Council, appointed by the AIA
E.S. 6.1 Energy conservation: Board of Directors.
Members should set ambitious (2) Formal charges are filed directly with
performance goals for greenhouse the National Ethics Council by
gas emission reduction with their Members, components, or anyone
clients for each project. directly aggrieved by the conduct of
the Members.
E.S. 6.2 Water Use: (3) Penalties that may be imposed by
Members should optimize water the National Ethics Council are:
conservation in each project to (a) Admonition
reduce water use and protect (b) Censure
water supply, water quality, and (c) Suspension of membership for
watershed resources. a period of time
(d) Termination of membership.
E.S. 6.3 Building Materials: (4) Appeal procedures are available.
Members should select and use (5) All proceedings are confidential, as is
building materials to minimize the imposition of an admonishment;
exposure to toxins and pollutants however, all other penalties shall be
in the environment to promote made public.
environmental and human health
and to reduce waste and pollution.