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Multipurpose Table Lamp: A Functional Improvement of a Table Lamp

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Int. J. Mech. Eng. Autom. International Journal of
Volume 4, Number 4, 2017, pp. 138-148 Mechanical Engineering
Received: August 30, 2017; Published: October 25, 2017 and Automation

Multipurpose Table Lamp: A Functional Improvement of

a Table Lamp

Himadri Sen Gupta, Labiba Noshin and Mst. Nazma Sultana

Department of Industrial Engineering & Management, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh
Corresponding author: Himadri Sen Gupta (himadrisengupta.himu@gmail.com)

Abstract: In the world of modern technology, product development concept is being flourished day by day in order to achieve
customer satisfaction. Multi feature products have brought a tremendous change in modern age. These products are not only a
magnificent sign of improvement of product development but also a reliable medium to ease customer’s day to day life. Today,
customers are more likely to have a product of multi feature elements along with its aesthetic look. Considering customers aspiration
as a focal point, this paper will develop a concept of multipurpose table lamp. The improved table lamp will provide a facility of
certain number of products. This paper shows the construction of a multipurpose table lamp by gathering knowledge from customers
and expert consultations. Various product development tools have been used to implement the desired concepts. Finally an economic
analysis has been shown to justify the feasibility of the product in production.

Keywords: Multi-featured product, table lamp, customer needs, product design and development, concept evaluation.

customer need. The more a company will give

1. Introduction
Product development refers to the process of
adaptation of the existing product by modifying its
present feature or construction of a completely new
product in order to meet changing customer needs. It
consists of the activities involving identification of
market opportunities, analysis of technical feasibilities,
and construction of manufacturing plan and validation
of the plan in present market condition [1]. The prime
objective of product development is to expand its
market share considering all the customer
requirements. It is necessary for a product not only to
fulfill customer need but also to cope up with target
market specification.
In the competitive era of industrialization,
companies are focusing more and more to develop the
existing product concept so to gain higher market
priority [2]. In order to survive with the present
market condition, latest technology and market
policies are to be updated time to time according to
attention in product development, the less difficulty
will face in the construction of a product. The
simplification in existing product development
requires a large number of research works. Now a
day’s product with multi features has created a new
dimension in product design and development. Today
customers prefer smart products not only satisfying
their different requirements in limited price but also
utilizing less space along with aesthetic look. As a
result the prime focus of the designers is to generate
and develop the concept of multipurpose use of a
product in order to keep pace with the present world.
This paper interprets the design and development
process of a multipurpose table lamp. The design
simplification along with concept generation,
evaluation and selection are performed by utilizing
product design and development tools. The paper
initiates with customer need identification and
emerges in developing the final design solution. The
economic analysis is shown lastly on the basis of current
 Multipurpose Table Lamp: A Functional Improvement of a Table Lamp
market observation.
The rest of the paper is organized as follows. In
Section 2, we start with the literature review which
represents the conceptual background of the research
on different table lamp. The problem for which the
research on multi-purpose table lamp was done is
represented in Section 3. Section 4 illustrates the
different features and functions of the table lamp. In
Section 5, the mission statement of the proposed table
lamp is stated and the related customer need
identification is done in Section 6. During Section 7,
house of quality is showed which is based on
identified customer needs. To fulfill the customer
needs concepts are generated in Section 8 and then in
Section 9, generated concepts are selected by concept
screening and scoring. Section 10 illustrates the
economic analysis for the production of the
multi-purpose table lamp. In Section 11, we discuss
about our result and we conclude in Section 12.
2. Literature Review
The present world is for the innovation and
evaluation of new product design and development.
The more the world is moving fast, the greater the
change is taking place in designing sector. Nowadays,
product is no longer an outcome of manufacturer’s
choice. Customer involvement plays a vital role in the
initial stages of product development [3]. The research
study of Kaulio displays the correlation between the
users and manufacturers during the designing process.
Another study of Mitsuo Nagamach develops a
customer-oriented technology while manufacturing a
new product [4]. Kansei Engineering combines the
customer intuitions with the designing characteristics.
The only reason of customer involvement in product
designing is to earn their satisfaction. A great number
of strategies are being applied in this field to achieve
the goal. The research work of Matzler and
Hinterhuber links up the Kano Model of customer
satisfaction to Quality Function Deployment [5]. The
task is to identify consumer’s expected and
139
unexpected needs on the basis of Kano Model of
customer’s satisfaction. According to the publication
of Boothroyd in order to attain a successful design,
product design for manufacture and assembly
problems should be taken care of from the initial stage
of design activities [6]. A lot of research has been
done in the development of table lamp design. Initially
there was a little variation in design but the basic
feature was only lighting. An articulated table lamp
publication number US D310886 S is an example of
such design [7]. Another example of such design is an
adjustable table lamp, publication number US
D329098 S [8]. Publication number US D370071 S
shows the patent of double stem table lamp [9]. Day
by day the designs got further improvement. Now the
designers want multipurpose table lamp which is not
only limited to lightening feature. Example of multi
featured table lamp involves with a patent, publication
number US 4493011 A, having an aroma disk with
traditional table lamp [10]. As long as the lamp is on,
aroma disc continues spreading fragrance. Another
development in table lamp design is found from US
patent, publication number US D518584 S1 [11]. Here
table lamp design is modified with a torch system.
Patent number US 4581684 A shows portable table
lamp along with adjustable controlling in several
direction [12]. Rechargeable battery cafe table lamp,
publication number US4764853 A, has a lamp
structure with one or more rechargeable batteries [13].
This type of lamp has a great application on food and
beverage industry. All this type of progress has
emerged a new way to develop today’s multipurpose
table lamp.
3. Problem Statement
Table lamp is a daily need for most of the students
and official personals. Earlier industries focus only on
its aesthetic look. But now-a-days along with its
aesthetic look, multipurpose use of a lamp has become
a vital issue. Today customers are more likely to have
a product of different features in a single hand. Also
140 Multipurpose Table Lamp: A Functional Improvement of a Table Lamp
cost is a major element in this purpose. Our prime
concern is to build a multipurpose table lamp in an
optimum cost.
4. New Features of Multipurpose Table
Lamp
In the modern era, most of the manufacturers and
designers try to design such a product which can
fulfill all customers’ demands covering some extra
facilities. This is due to the lot of competition in the
local and international market. So if a product can
cover the need of numbers of product it can easily get
the market opportunity to attract more customers.
Keeping all of those thing in mind multipurpose table
lamp carries some extra features which can fulfill not
only the need of a table lamp but also some other
products . The designed multipurpose table lamp is
introduced in Figs. 1 and 2.
The extra new features of our multipurpose table
lamp are
Fig. 1 Multi-purpose table lamp design (Designed by
Solidworks 2015).p
Fig. 2 Table lamp in working condition (Designed by
Solidworks 2015 and rendered by Lexion Keyshot v5.0.83).
 Pen holder;
 Mobile holder;
 Speaker;
 USB port;
 Electric port;
 Digital clock;
 Folding flexibility.
And all of those features can give a lot of benefits
to the customers, such as:
 It reduces the space requirement as it integrate
numbers of product in one;
 It decreases the cost of production;
 It can continue its operations without creating
high temperature which can make customer happy and
give comfort;
 It gives customer a flexible user interface;
 It has the flexibility to fold and which give the
customer a great space to move in one place to another
very easily.
5. Mission Statement [15]
A mission statement narrates the fundamental
matters of a product along with its goal and
opportunities. The mission statement of our
multipurpose table lamp is given below.
5.1 Brief Description
A table lamp with the folding capacity of its body
as well as some extra facilities like mobile and pen
holder, MP3,USB and electric port, clock, calendar.
5.2 Benefit Preposition
Multipurpose activity of the lamp reduces the space
requirement in the table within an optimum cost limit.
5.3 Key Business Goal
The key business goal is to fulfill customers
(primary & secondary) demand in a satisfactory level.
5.4 Primary Market
It is able to serve concurrently educational
personnel and official personnel.
 Multipurpose Table Lamp: A Functional Improvement of a Table Lamp
5.5 Secondary Market
It is able to serve different needs of domestic
purpose.
5.6 Assumption
It is an incremental improvement of the existing
product with space utilization principle.
5.7 Stake Holder
 Purchaser & user
 Production personnel
 Service centers
 Distributor and also sellers.
6. Identification of Customer Needs [15]
To develop a new product, the most important step
is to identify the customer needs. The prime concern
of the product is to fulfill the latent needs of the
customers. So identification of customer need is
essential in this purpose. Identification of customer’s
need for multipurpose table lamp involves the
following steps:
6.1 Gathering Raw Data from Customers
Information of the product and lots of customer
needs were gathered in this stage. Those were done in
some particular ways which are given below.
6.1.1 Interview
Personal interviews were taken from nearby 200
customers in one by one basis in a customer friendly
environment.
6.1.2 Focus Group
Nearby 10-15 groups of students were interviewed
in the time of market research .Those group both gave
a lot of ideas about their need and expected table lamp
features.
6.1.3 Observing the Product in Use
In our work, some existing features of table lamp
observing in a customer friendly environment were
used. All the limitation and working conditions was
observed and noted.
141
The selection of customers for an interview is a
crucial task and for that reason lead users were
selected for the interview in our work. It was assumed
that customer can be a great source data for any kind
of product. Because first of all, they always try to
expose the problem as they have to straggle for it.
Secondly sometimes they can find the solution of their
problem themselves. In the time of interview mostly
four system of documentation were used like audio
recording, notes, video recording and still
photography. One filled customer data and need
interpretation was shown in Table 1 which was taken
from a lead customer.
6.2 Interpretation of Raw Data in Customer Needs
Customer need statements are always in the form of
written statement. It was formed by translating the raw
data from the customers. It was basically the
conversion of VOC (voice of customer) to organized
customer need statement. An interpretation of our raw
data was given in Table 2 in terms of customer needs.
6.3 Arrangement of the Needs into Hierarchy
After completing the last two stages, a lot of
customer needs were gathered and it was very critical
for us to analyze these needs arbitrarily. In order to
organize the needs in a proper way hierarchy was
made. The arrangement of all the customer needs into
hierarchy is given below.
(a) Use table lamp in multifunctional activity:
(1) A penholder is added on the base of the table
lamp;
(2) A digital clock is set up in the upper portion of
the pen holder;
(3) Speakers are attached on the both side of pen
holder;
(4) USB ports are included at the lower portion of
the base;
(5) An electric port is adjusted at the lower portion
of the base.
(b) Decrease space requirements:
142 Multipurpose Table Lamp: A Functional Improvement of a Table Lamp
Table 1 Gathering of customer needs.
Question Customer statement
Typical use I need to see time and date during study.
I need a place to keep my phone.
I need to charge my phone
Like I like to move it easily
I would like to feel a wonderful smell
I like to keep my pens in order.
I like to listen music at my relaxation.
Dislike I don’t like it when the connecting wire is small. Connecting wire is sufficient to move here and there.
Most of the times the table lamp and relevant
necessary things cover my table.
Suggested I need to fold the body of the lamp.
improvement I need the highest level of fire security.
Table 2 Interpretation of customer needs.
No. Customer need
(1) There is no opportunity to fold the body of the table lamp.
(2) I would like to hold my pen in order.
(3) I would like to keep my phone safely in a place.
(4) I would like to listen music at free time.
(5) I hate when the foldable body parts become very loose and
fold themselves.
(1) A foldable body is provided;
(2) A lot of features are integrated on it so it.
(c) Ease in movement:
(1) Light weight;
(2) It provides the facility of foldable body;
(3) It has removable wire.
(4) It has less complexity in design so easy to move.
(d) Provide proper safety to customers:
(1) It gives proper balancing of structure;
(2) Correct material selection is done.
(e) It minimizes the cost:
The multipurpose table lamp provides lower cost
comparatively to its features.
(f) The multipurpose table lamp provides a
mind-blowing aesthetic appeal.
(1) It has chrome-plated shiny surface finish;
(2) It has a marvelous structural view;
(3) It gives well organized features layout.
Interpreted need
Table lamp provides the facility of a clock and calendar.
Table lamp provides the facility of a mobile holder.
Table lamp provides an electric port.
The lamp is light weighted.
The lamp can carry an aroma disk.
Table lamp gives the facility of Pen holder with itself.
Table lamp allows to have a speaker with itself.
Multipurpose Table Lamp reduces the space requirement in table.
The lamp body can be folded in both horizontal and vertical direction.
The lamp may have a feature of fire alarm.
Need statement
The body can be folded in both vertical and horizontal direction.
The table lamp provides the facility of a pen holder.
The table lamp gives the facility of a phone holder.
The table lamp has the facility of a music player.
Screw can be used to tighten the body.
7. House of Quality
After identifying all of the customer requirements,
HOQ (house of quality) can be build up to understand
the technical requirement to fulfill the required
customer needs. HOQ is the pre-stage of all product
development. To develop HOQ to find out the
relationship between technical requirements is too
important and for that the required symbols are given
in Table 3. And the relationship between customer &
technical requirements are found by some special
symbols which are noted in Table 4. After that the final
Table 3 Relationship between technical requirements.
Type Symbol
Strong positive
Positive
Strong negative
Negative
 Multipurpose Table Lamp: A Functional Improvement of a Table Lamp 143

Table 4 Relationship between customer & technical

vital step of product design and development. This stage
requirements. consists of numbers of steps which are noted below.
Type Symbol Score 8.1 Search Externally
Strong 9
Medium 3
External search involves finding the existing
Weak 1
solution of the problems defined at problem
identification stage. The required time and utilization
HOQ is prepared which is given in Table 5. of resources can be minimized by expand and focus
strategy. The available information for multipurpose
8. Concept Generation [15]
table lamp is gathered by using following sources.
Concept generation is a process of generating 8.1.1 Lead User Interviews
different concepts for developing the desired product Basically students and official personnel are the
to fulfill all of the customer needs which is the most lead users for multipurpose table lamp. In the interview,
Table 5 HOQ of multipurpose table lamp.

Technical requirement Priority Good physical design Materials of body Light type Lamp layout Flexibility Light weight
Customer requirement
Use as table lamp 5
Use as speaker 2
Use as pen holder 2
Use as mobile holder 2
Ease of use 4
Less space requirement 5
Longevity 3
Aesthetic look 5
Reliability 4
Body folding capacity 3
Ease of portability 4
Less over heating 3
Importance 234 165 89 115 77 132
% Importance 28.82 20.32 10.96 14.04 9.48 16.26
144 Multipurpose Table Lamp: A Functional Improvement of a Table Lamp
they not only exposed many debilitations in the
existing design but also mentioned various new
concepts to overcome the weakness.
8.1.2 Expert’s Consultation
In order to develop the solution concept for
multipurpose table lamp, several consultations were
done with the professors of different university
faculties and professionals in design and
manufacturing. They helped to develop concepts
focusing on the feasible features as well as customer
demands.
8.1.3 Patent Searching
Numerous patents were found in the field of
multipurpose table lamp. Some of them feature many
innovative and interesting concepts. While searching
for patents, a patent numbered US494077A shows a
concept of digital time clock with table lamp. Another
patent numbered US D518584S1 reveals the concept
of torch with table lamp. These patents inspire to
develop concept of digital clock and electrical port in
multipurpose table lamp.
8.1.4 Related Product Benchmarking
One of the most demandable and best designed
table lamps was dipped chromed metal desk lamp.
Analyzing different features of it like chrome plated
metal body with glossy surface finish, low energy
bulb and repositionable head give a new idea to
develop the concept of multipurpose table lamp.
8.2 Search Internally
Internal search involves utilization of personal and
Fig. 3 Concept classification tree for the multipurpose table lamp.
group suggestion in order to develop different solution
concepts. We modified a group of well-established
techniques to find solution concepts in the field of
multipurpose table lamp.
8.2.1 Making of Analogies
Huge analysis was made on different company’s
existing product to find new solution of the problem.
Besides the severity of the problems was classified as
well as the natural solutions were developed.
8.2.2 Set of Quantitative Goal
At the end of each concept development,
quantitative goal were mentioned as a driving force of
the activities.
8.2.3 Use of Gallery Method
All the concepts were displayed by gallery method
in order to have a clear view of each of them. On the
basis of discussion of one concept, the relevant other
concepts were easily notified.
8.3 Concept Classification Tree
The concept classification tree is applied to
differentiate the whole space of possible solutions into
numbers of distinct classes which will facilitate
comparison and pruning. The concept classification
tree for the multipurpose table lamp is illustrated in
Fig. 3.
9. Concept Selection [15]
After identifying customer needs and generating
various concepts, it is important to select correct
concept to develop the product. This process is known
 Multipurpose Table Lamp: A Functional Improvement of a Table Lamp 145

as concept selection process. This process is typically 10. Economic Analysis [14]
divided into two separate steps known as concept
The feasibility of a product is highly dependent on
screening and concept scoring. Both of them are
the economic analysis. Economic analysis gives the
necessary to select the exact concepts.
idea about the future of the product. To perform
9.1 Concept Screening economic analysis of a new or existing product the
analysis of BOM (bill of materials) and breakeven
The main objective of completing concept
point are too vital.
screening is to minimize the number of different
concepts in order to implement them. The concept 10.1 Bill of Materials
screening done by screening table is given in Table 6.
It is also called the structure of product. Bill of
9.2 Concept Scoring materials contains the list of component,
sub-components, assemblies, sub-assemblies and all
Concept scoring, the immediate next step of
Table 7 Performance rating.
concept screening, is done further to minimize the
Relative performance Rating
developed concepts. In this step, relative importance is
Much worse than reference 1
given to each selection criteria so that the implacable
Worse than reference 2
concepts can be easily selected. Performance rating
Same as reference 3
which is needed to compete the concept scoring is
Better than reference 4
noted in Table 7 and the final concept scoring is
Much better than reference 5
represented in Table 8.
Table 6 Concept screening to develop a multipurpose table lamp.
Concepts
Selection A B C D E F G H I G
criteria Pen holder Mobile holder Speaker USB port Electric port Fire alarm Clock Calendar Folding flexibility Aroma disk
Ease of + + 0 0 - 0 0 0 + +
handling
Ease of use 0 + + + 0 0 0 0 + 0
Ease of + 0 + + 0 - 0 0 - -
manufacture
Ease of + - 0 - - - 0 0 + -
movement
Durability 0 + 0 0 0 - 0 0 + -
Portability 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
Aesthetics 0 + 0 0 - 0 0 0 + +
Sum +’s 3 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 5 2
Sum 0’s 4 2 5 3 4 4 6 6 1 1
Sum -’s 0 1 0 0 3 3 0 0 1 4
Net score 3 3 2 2 -3 -3 0 0 4 -2
Rank 2 2 3 3 5 5 3 3 1 4
Continue Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Combine Combine Yes Yes
146 Multipurpose Table Lamp: A Functional Improvement of a Table Lamp

Table 8 Concept scoring for the development of a multipurpose table lamp (R: Rating, WS: Weighted Score).
Concepts
Selection criteria Weight A B C D E GH I G
Pen holder Mobile holder Speaker USB port Electric port Digital clock Folding flexibility Aroma disk
R WS R WS R WS R WS R WS R WS R WS R WS
Ease of handling 20% 3 0.6 4 0.8 3 0.6 4 .8 3 0.6 4 0.8 4 0.8 3 0.6
Ease of use 25% 4 1 3 0.75 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 5 1.25 2 0.5
Ease of manufacture 10% 5 0.5 4 0.4 3 0.3 3 0.3 3 0.3 3 0.3 3 0.3 2 0.2
Ease of movement 15% 3 0.45 3 0.45 2 0.3 3 0.45 4 0.6 3 0.45 4 0.6 3 0.45
Durability 15% 4 0.6 4 0.6 3 0.45 4 0.6 3 0.45 5 0.75 3 0.45 2 0.3
Portability 10% 3 0.3 3 0.3 3 0.3 3 0.3 3 0.3 3 0.3 3 0.3 2 0.2
Aesthetics 5% 4 0.2 4 0.2 5 0.25 4 0.2 4 0.2 5 0.25 5 0.25 4 0.2
Net score 3.65 3.5 3.2 3.65 3.45 3.85 3.95 2.45
Rank 3 4 6 3 5 2 1 7
Continue Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No

of the required parts along with their quantities which breakeven point of the product is generated in 2564
are needed to finalize the product. Table 9 shows the unit. The graphical representation of the breakeven
BOM of the multipurpose table lamp. analysis is done in Fig. 4.

10.2 Breakeven Analysis 11. Result and Discussion

It is a stage of economic analysis which helps to With the development of modern technology, the
determine the amount of product which a company need of customers is changing and updating day by day.
has to sell to do profit or business by fulfilling the cost
Table 9 Bill of material (BOM) of a multipurpose table
of doing business. It is calculated by considering the
lamp.
fixed cost along with variable cost. During this
Name of items Cost/unit (BDT) Quantity needed Price (BDT)
analysis a breakeven point can be found which
Energy bulb 250 1 250
denoted that the company has to sale that amount of
Wire 10 10 100
product to covers their total cost and then they can
USB port 20 2 40
make profit after selling that amount.
Electric port 30 1 30
After analyze the product it is found that
Speaker 200 2 400
Fixed cost = 1500000 BDT for starting the
Digital clock 300 1 300
production of the multipurpose table lamp.
Mobile phone 70 1 70
Unit cost = 2315 BDT which is found from the bill
holder
of materials of the table lamp.
Screw 5 15 75
Unit revenue/product = 2900 BDT
Pen holder 150 1 150
Let, the unit of product have to sell = Y
Body 350 1 350
To find out the breakeven point,
Glue 50 1 50
Total cost = Total revenue
Assembly cost 300 - 300
1500000 + 2315 * Y = 2900 * Y
Others 200 - 200
Y = 2564 unit (approximately)
Total cost = 2315
From the breakeven analysis, it is noticed that the
 Multipurpose Table Lamp: A Functional Improvement of a Table Lamp
Fig. 4 Break even analysis (done in Microsoft Excel 2013).
In this era, people are more interested in products of
multipurpose feature. Research work based on the
development of a multipurpose table lamp is for the
use of all specially students and official personnel. To
develop this multipurpose table lamp, all the steps of
product design and development were followed to
found the required result. From the survey of customer
needs, a lot of distinguished ideas on different features
were gathered which helped to develop the final
product. The final product is designed by Solid works
2015. Initially a large number of features were
suggested by the potential customers. Among them
the most wanted features were selected with the help
of concept selection. A lot of problems were faced to
minimize the number of crucial concepts such as fire
alarm and aroma disk etc. Finally the economic
analysis was done where the breakeven point of the
product is found 2564 units.
12. Conclusion
It is necessary for an organization to identify the
customer needs in order to cope up with the present
world of competition. The principle of success of an
organization is inherent in what customers want and
147
how gracefully they are served. Our aim is to reflect
customer’s desire. In this paper, the need for
multipurpose table lamp has been analyzed. The
reason why customers want a product like
multipurpose table lamp, how their needs are being
served through proper customer analysis has been
revealed in this paper. For this, different stages of
product development activities have been discussed
here. At the end, economic analysis has been given to
show the organizational benefits. Because the prime
focus of an organization is to get profit in long run. In
order to survive in the present world there is no
alternative to keep pace with the changing customer
needs. In the paper, we have suggested to develop
product features and architecture according to
customer will. We conclude with the idea of flexibility
in designing to fulfill customer’s choice.
Acknowledgment
Thousands of people have been contributed to our
work. We are indebted to the numerous customers and
manufacturing persons who helped us a lot by
providing necessary data. We are inspired by idea of
the papers mentioned in reference. Without the help of
 148 Multipurpose Table Lamp: A Functional Improvement of a Table Lamp

these things, it was almost impossible to complete our deployment, Technovation 18 (1) (1998) 25-38.
[6] G. Boothroyd, Product design for manufacture and
task. Our heartiest gratitude is for them.
assembly, Computer-Aided Design 26 (7) (1994)
505-520.
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