Reyes, Angelica N.

PCBET19-701E

DISCUSS THE CRADLES OF SCIENCE IN:

 MESOAMERICA

The Olmec, Maya, Aztec, and Inca cultures make up Meso-American Civilization. They
make rubber balls for the ball game tlacht, which has been played by Meso-American
civilizations since the dawn of time. Corn, papaya, avocado, and cocoa are plants that
originated in Mesoamerica. The calendric and astronomical information of the heavens
was shared by the Meso-American peoples as an important aspect of their sculpture,
art, and building. Mesoamericans contributed to the world's high civilisation by
inventing calendrical systems and advanced writing as a direct result of their desire to
be in sync with the celestial cycle.

Olmec Civilization

They considered as a mysterious civilization located in ancient Mexico, thrive in Pre-

classical Mesoamerica from 1200BCE to c. 400 BCE normally appraise as the
ancestor of all future cultures of Mesoamerican which is the Maya and Aztects.

Mayan Civilization

It lasted for approximately 2,000 years and becomes famous for their cultures and
discoveries. These are the people who believed that stars, planets, moon and
constellations were living beings who interacted with the natural, cycles and physical
world. Mayans are noted for their use of two complex calendar systems (260-day
calendar and the 365-day calendar). They invented a rainbow of sparkling paint and
built hydraulic systems and looms for weaving textiles. They are also thought to be the
first to manufacture rubber goods. Mayans were one of the world's first civilizations to
develop a writing system since they knew how to create paper and used a pictorial
script known as Mayan Hieroglyphics. Mayan Hieroglyphics allowed the Maya to
record all of their knowledge on long strips of paper that they folded into books like a
harmonica.The Dresden Codex, one of the salvaged Maya books, is said to have been
prepared in the 10th century and contains forecasts of solar eclipses for centuries as
well as a table of expected Venus positons, and provides testament to Mayan
civilization's great grasp of astronomy. They also utilized a sophisticated numbering
system that contained the notion of zero, Maya's most significant scientific
achievement.

Inca Civilization

The Incas are known for their stone-paved roads. The Temple of the Sun at Cuzco
(the capital city) was planned by Incan engineers to be a complex building that could
withstand centuries of earthquakes and harsh weather. They improved their terrace
farming practices as well as their irrigation system and technology for storing water so
that their crops could flourish on any sort of land. They also created a 12-month
calendar to commemorate their religious festivals and prepare for planting season.
They were the first to build a suspension bridge. Incan scholars devised a record-
keeping system based on Quipu, a colored, knotted string that might have been used
for accounting, statistics, and the recording of dates and events. Textiles were
cherished by the Incas since fabric was one of their most prized artistic creations.

Aztec Civilization
- Mandatory Educaton
- Chocolates
- Antpasmodic medication
- Chinampa
- Aztec Calendar
- Invention of the Canoe

 ASIA

1. India

They are well-known for their iron and metallurgical production. The
Ayurvedic school of medicine is one of the oldest medical systems, founded
on the notion that health and wellness are dependent on a delicate balance
between the mind, body, and spirit. Meanwhile, Sushruta Samhita's most
well-known contribution to plastic surgery is the reconstruction of the nose,
also known as rhinoplasty; the use of cheek flaps to reconstruct absent ear
lobes, the use of wine as anesthesia, and the use of leeches to keep
wounds free of blood clots are all examples of Sushruta Samhita's
contributions to plastic surgery. Ancient India is known for developing
theories on the universe's configuration, the Earth's spherical self-
supporting shape, and the 360-day year divided into 12 equal halves of 30
days each.

The Siddhata Shiromani included issues like the mean of the planets'
longitudes, risings and sunsets, the crescent of the moon, conjunctions of
the planets with each other, conjunctions of the planets with fixed stars, and
the Sun and Moon's journeys. The Indus Valley Civilization attempted to
standardize length measurement to a high degree of accuracy and created
the Mohenjodaro aruler. Aryabhata introduced several trigonometric
functions, tables, and procedures, as well as algebraic algorithms.
Brahmahgupta proposed that gravity was a force of attraction, and that the
Hindu-Arabic number system included zero as a place holder and decimal
digit.

China

The Silk Road was a major commerce route that connected China to the
Roman Empire, allowing for the transportation and exchange of products
between the two countries. Acupuncture is a group of procedures that
involve stimulating spots on the body using a range of modalities, the most
common of which being entering the skin with thin, solid, metallic needles
operated by the hands or electrical stimulation. Compass, papermaking,
gunpowder, and printing equipment are among well-known inventions.
Chinese culture is also credited with the invention of the iron plough,
wheelbarrow, and propeller, as well as the design of many bridge forms.
They also developed a dry dock facility and invented the first seismological
detector. Chinese scientists also made important records on supernovas,
lunar and solar eclipses, and comets, all of which were meticulously
recorded and archived in order to better comprehend heavenly bodies and
their consequences on our planet.

 MIDDLE EAST
 AFRICA

1. Egyptian - in this area the rules of geometry were developed to preserve layout
 DISCUSS THE CRADLES OF SCIENCE IN:

 MESOAMERICA OR NORTH AMERICA

Meso-American Civilization consists of four culture namely Olmec, Maya,

Aztec, and Inca. They manufacture of rubber ball in the ball game tlacht a
game played by Meso-American civilizations from earliest times.The plants
originated in Meso-America are corn, papaya, avocado and cocoa. All Meso-
American peoples shared the calendric and astronomical information of the
heavens as a critical part of their sculpture, art and architecture. The
Mesoamerican contribution to the high civilization of the world was their
creation of the calendrical systems and sophisticated writing as a direct result
of their need to be in harmony with the celestial cycle.

1. Olmec Civilization
 Monumental sacred complexes
 Massive stone sculptures
 Ball games
 The drinking of chocolate
 Animal gods
2. Mayan Civilization
One of the famous that lasted for approximately 2,000 years. Mayans
believed that stars and constellations, the planets and the moon were living
beings who interacted with the cycles, natural and social middle or physical
world. Mayan architects built large, elaborate palaces and pyramid shaped
temples for astronomical observation like
Chicken Itza in Mexico
 The Mayans are known for using two complicated calendar systems
(260-day calendar and the 365-day calendar). They built hydraulics system
and looms for weaving cloth and devised a rainbow of glittery paint. They are
also believed to be the first people to produce rubber products. Mayan knew
how to make paper and had a pictorial script known as Mayan Hieroglyphics
which made them famous as one of the world’s first civilization to have a
writing system. Mayan Hieroglyphics this allowed Maya to record all
knowledge on long strips of paper, which they folded harmonica-style into
books. Dresden Codex one of the rescued Maya books, which is believed to
be produced in 10th century and contains predictions to be produced in 10th
century and contains predictions of solar eclipses for centuries and a table of
predicted positons of Venus and bears testimony to the advanced knowledge
of Mayan civilization on Astronomy. They also used advance numbering
system that included the concept of zero which is the greatest scientfic
achievement of Maya

3.

 ASIA
 MIDDLE EAST
 AFRICA