Research Activity

GROUP 2

BARIAO, Cristyl Shine G.

BISTOYONG, Alyssa Mae P.
BONIFACIO, Leorianne Kaye I.
BRILLO, Godfrey C.
CABAONG, Rendel Joshua P.
CABJUAN, Kate Gwyneth A.
CALIBUSO, Nina Gracia T.
 The emergence of modern science during the
early modern period, when developments in
mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology
(including human anatomy), and chemistry
transformed societal views about nature. It
began in Europe towards the end of the
Renaissance period, and continued through the
late 18th century, influencing the intellectual
social movement known
as the Enlightenment.
Golden Age of Science
Golden Age of Science
Includes all available systematic explanations and
observations regarding the natural and physical
world, as well as ideas, theories, and all available
systematic explanations and observations.
It entails a methodical and practical examination of
the natural and physical environment. This research
method entails careful observation and
experimentation.
It's a subject, discipline, field of study, or body of
knowledge concerned with the process of learning about
the natural and physical world.
This explains that science encompasses both information and
activities undertaken by humans in order to get a better
understanding of the world in which they live. It is a means
of enhancing one's existence and ensuring one's survival.
People's lives are entwined with it.
 Humans are inherently curious creatures. We've always wanted
to know more about the world we live in, and we've tried a
variety of strategies to accomplish so. Science has shown to be
the most effective method. Humans have examined and learned
what objects are composed of, how they work, and what they
do using scientific methodologies and critical thinking.
 Nicolaus Charles Sigmund
Copernicus Darwin Freud
 Copernicus is an Astronomer
who contradicts the geocentric
model and proposed the
HELIOCENTRIC Theory where
planets revolve around the sun.
 Charles Darwin formulated his book
“On the Origin of Species” (1859) which
presented how species evolved over
time, and the “the Descent of Man”
(1871) that introduced the idea of all
organic life under the realm of
revolutionary thinking.
 Sigmund Freud founded
PSYCHOLOANALYSIS.
He described that the brain can be
segmented into compartments. He also
developed an observational method to
study human’s inner lifer mainly
focusing on human sexuality and the
evil nature of man.
MesoAmerica Asia Middle East Africa
Mesoamerica refers to the diverse civilizations that shared similar cultural
characteristics in the geographic areas comprising the modern-day
countries of Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Belize, El Salvador,
Nicaragua, and Costa Rica.
Some of the shared cultural traits among Mesoamerican people include:
Complex Pantheon
of Deities Ballgame Trade

Earlspools

Food
Architectural The 260-day (maize, beans,
Features Calendar & squash)

Dress &
Accoutrements
 One of the most dominant Indigenous societies of Mesoamerica. The
Ancient Mayans developed the science of astronomy, calendar systems,
and hieroglyphic writing. They were also known for creating elaborate
ceremonial architecture, such as pyramids, temples, palaces, and
observatories. These structures were all built without metal tools.

Mayan Chicken Itza in Dresden Codex

Hieroglyphics Mexico
• A paper and • Mayan architects • one of the rescued
pictorial script that built large, Maya books that
made the Mayans elaborate palaces contains
famous as one of and pyramid predictions of
the world’s first shaped temples for solar eclipses for
civilization to have astronomical centuries and a
a writing system. observation. table of predicted
• This allowed Maya positions of Venus
to record all and bears
knowledge on testimony to the
long strips of advanced
paper, which they knowledge of
folded harmonica- Mayan civilization
style into book on Astronomy.
 Mayan
Hieroglyphics Dresden Codex

Chicken Itza in
Mexico
 Known for creating the largest empire ever seen in the
Americas, their impressive agricultural techniques, and their art
and architecture which uniquely combined geometrical
stonework with the natural landscape.
Terrace
First
Farming &
Suspension Roads
Irrigation
Bridge
System
• They built walls • Inca bridges • Incas are
on hillsides and may have first famous for
filled them been roads paved
with soil to
developed in with stones.
make terraces.
the 13th
This technique
is for storing century.
water for their
crops to grow
in all types of
lands.
Terrace Farming &
Irrigation System

First Suspension Bridge

Roads
 Famous for their agriculture, cultivating all available land,
introducing irrigation, draining swamps, and creating artificial
islands in the lakes. They developed a form of hieroglyphic
writing, a complex calendar system, and built famous pyramids
and temples.
Calendars Passion Flower Chinampas
• Aztecs used two • Aztecs used the • Were invented by
calendars. One passion flower the Aztec
calendar was used for (believed to help civilization and
tracking religious
relieve insomnia, sometimes referred
ceremonies and
festivals. This epilepsy, and high to as "floating
calendar was called blood pressure) to gardens,"
the tonalpohualli create chinampas are
which means "day antispasmodic artificial islands
count". It was sacred medication. This that were created
to the Aztecs and drug would then by interweaving
was very important give to patients reeds with stakes
as it divided time
before surgery to beneath the lake's
equally among the
various gods and kept relax muscles and surface, creating
the universe in prevent muscle underwater fences.
balance. spasms.
Calendars

Passion Flower

Chinampas
Asia is the biggest continent in the world
and the home of many ancient civilizations.
It is a host to many cultural, economic, scientific,
and political activities of all ages. In the field of
science, technology, and mathematics, great
civilizations have stood out: India, China, and the
Middle East civilizations.
 India is a massive peninsula bordered on three sides by
immense bodies of water and reinforced on the north by
massive mountains.
They are well-known for their iron production and
metallurgical operations.
Contributions:
Medicine Astronomy Mathematics
• The Ayurveda system of • Ancient India is known for
its theories on the structure • The Indus Valley
medicine is one of the oldest Civilization is where
medical systems, founded on of the universe, the
spherical self-supporting the first signs of
the notion that health and mathematical
wellness are dependent on a Earth, and the 360-day year
divided into 12 equal knowledge in India
delicate balance between the
sections of 30 days each. were discovered.
mind, body, and spirit.
• Siddhanta Shiromani – • The Mohenjo-Daro
• They identified therapeutic
addressed themes such as ruler was constructed
characteristics in plants, which
led to the development of the mean of the planets' by the Indus Valley
medications to treat a variety longitudes; risings and Civilization in an
of ailments. settings; the crescent of the attempt to standardize
• The repair of the nose, moon; conjuncton of the length measuring to a
generally known as planets with each other; high degree of
rhinoplasty, is Sushruta conjunctons of the planets precision.
Samhita's most well-known with the fixed stars; and
contribution to plastic surgery. the Sun and Moon's
journeys.
 China is one of the ancient civilizations with substantial
contributions many areas of life like medicine,
astronomy, science, mathematics, arts, philosophy, and
music.
Contributions:
Medicine Technology Astronomy
• Compass, • They created important
• They developed
papermaking, records on supernovas, lunar
a variety of gunpowder, and and solar eclipses, and
medicinal printing tools were comets, all of which were
characteristics famous Chinese meticulously recorded and
and applications technologies that only archived in order to better
became recognized in comprehend the celestial
for diverse
the West by the end of bodies and their implications
plants and the Middle Ages. They on our planet.
animals in the also produced other • They studied the celestial
treatment of tools including the iron planets to better understand
human plough, wheelbarrow, weather patterns and seasons,
and propeller. which may have an impact on
illnesses.
• They designed several their everyday lives.
Acupuncture is bridge types, • Lunar calendars were utilized.
a good example constructed the first • The Chinese are also experts
of this. seismological detector, in seismology, which has
and built a dry dock helped them prepare for
facility. natural disasters.
• The Arab applied the roman principles and
improved the watermill known as NORIA.
• Known for their machine designed for
the improvement of irrigation, industrial
work, and war.
• Windmill and watermill were used for
crushing sugarcane grinding grain, and
pumping water.
• The book of Badic al-Zam ibn al-Razaz
al-Jazari described candle and water
clocks, water vessels, fountains,
automata, and water-raising devices.
• The book wrote by Taqi al-Din ibn
Maruf al-Rashid al-Dimashqi explained
steam power and a blueprint of a six-
piston pump.
 Math Architecture
• Egyptians wrote math &
textbooks that Engineering
included fraction
division and • Egyptians: the
multiplication as well bafflingly raised
as geometric formulas obelisks and the
for calculating the area more than 80
and volume of shapes. pyramids.
• Distances and angles • Massive stone
have been calculated, complexes served as
and algebraic city hubs.
equations have been • mosques, as well as
solved. universities ( 13th
• The ancient Egyptians century)
thought a circle has
360 degrees and
estimated the Π to be
3.16.
 Metallurgy
& Tools
• Steam engines, metal
chisels and saws, copper
Astronomy and iron tools and
• The Egyptians charted the weapons, nails, glue,
movement of the sun, carbon steel and bronze
constellations, and lunar cycle. weapons and art
• They divided the year into 12
sections and devised a year- Medicine
long calendar system w/ 365 • Use of plants with salicylic
¼ days acid for pain (as in aspirin),
• Clocks were made with kaolin for diarrhea (as in
moving water and sundial-like Kaopectate),
clocks were used structure • Other plants used had
known as the African anticancer properties,
Stonehenge served as a caused abortion and treated
remarkably accurate calendar.
malari
• The Dogon knew of Saturn’s
• Vaccination, autopsy, limb
rings, Jupiter’s moons, the
spiral structure of the Milky traction and broken bone
Way and the orbit of the Sirius setting, bullet removal, brain
star system. surgery, skin grafting, filling
• They accurately plotted orbits of dental cavities,
in this system installation of false teeth,
• They were aware that this what is now known as
system contained a primary Cesarean section,
star and a secondary star anesthesia and tissue
cauterization.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-
worldhistory/chapter/the-scientific-revolution/
https://www.historyonthenet.com
https://en.unesco.org/
https://lisbdnet.com
www.worldhistory.org.com
www.britannica.com
https://www.asbmb.org/asbmb-
today/science/020113/great-achievements-in-stem-
in-ancient-africa
Thank You!