Group 2 – Gabriel, Abeleda, Serafin, Dorongon, Rivera
Title of the Article
1. Knowledge, attitude and
practices of medical and
health science students on the
antiretroviral based HIV post-
exposure prophylaxis in an
Ethiopian hospital: an
institutional based cross-
sectional study
2. Antiretroviral agents in pre-
exposure prophylaxis:
emerging and advanced
trends in HIV prevention
PHRES4
Important information/Conclusions Reference
PEP stands for post-exposure prophylaxis. It means Anteneh, B., Belachew, S. A.,
taking antiretroviral medicines (ART) after being Endeshaw, A., Wubneh, Z. B.,
potentially exposed to HIV to prevent becoming & Sarkar, B. R. (2019).
infected. Since HIV/AIDS in resource-limited Knowledge, attitude and
settings poses a high risk of occupational exposure practices of medical and
to health workers due to large number of HIV health science students on the
infected patients, taking antiretroviral based post- antiretroviral based HIV post-
exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for HIV is very crucial. exposure prophylaxis in an
Although majority of the respondents had Ethiopian hospital: An
inadequate knowledge and practice, they owned a institutional based cross-
decent attitude towards HIV PEP. Therefore, a pre- sectional study. BMC Health
service intensive training for all students regarding Services Research, 19(1).
HIV PEP prior to their clinical attachments is doi:10.1186/s12913-019-
mandatory. 4611-2
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (or PrEP) is a way for Anteneh, B., Belachew, S. A.,
people who do not have HIV but who are at very Endeshaw, A., Wubneh, Z. B.,
high risk of getting HIV to prevent HIV infection by & Sarkar, B. R. (2019).
taking a pill every day. Several studies have shown Knowledge, attitude and
that ART PrEP prevents HIV acquisition from sexual, practices of medical and
blood and mother-to-child transmissions. health science students on the
antiretroviral based HIV post-
exposure prophylaxis in an
Ethiopian hospital: An
institutional based cross-
sectional study. BMC Health
Services Research, 19(1).
doi:10.1186/s12913-019-
Group 2 – Gabriel, Abeleda, Serafin, Dorongon, Rivera PHRES4

4611-2

3. Clinical and Economic Effects
of a Pharmacist-Administered
Antiretroviral Therapy
Adherence Clinic for Patients
Living with HIV
Pharmacists have demonstrated the ability to Dilworth, T. J., Klein, P. W., Mercier,
improve patient adherence to antiretroviral
therapy (ART). In their study, a pharmacy
adherence clinic that focused on early and
sustained ART adherence interventions helped
patients with documented medication adherence
problems achieve an undetectable HIV RNA. This
led to high cost savings for HIV patients.
R., Borrego, M. E., Jakeman,
B., & Pinkerton, S. D. (2018).
Clinical and Economic Effects
of a Pharmacist-Administered
Antiretroviral Therapy
Adherence Clinic for Patients
Living with HIV. Journal of
Managed Care & Specialty
Pharmacy, 24(2), 165-172.
doi:10.18553/jmcp.2018.24.2.
165

4. HIV Pharmacist's Impact on
Inpatient Antiretroviral Errors
HIV pharmacist monitoring can reduce medication Liedtke, M., Tomlin, C., Skrepnek,
errors in HIV-infected patients as they transition G., Farmer, K., Johnson, P., &
between out-patient and in-patient care. Rathbun, R. (2016). HIV
Pharmacist's Impact on
Inpatient Antiretroviral Errors.
HIV Medicine, 17(10), 717-
723. doi:10.1111/hiv.12375

5. Knowledge and Attitude on
HIV and AIDS: Standpoint of
College Students of the
University of the Immaculate
Conception
Findings of the study revealed a high level of Galindo, M. Q. (2016). Knowledge
knowledge on HIV/ AIDS and a moderately positive and Attitude on HIV and AIDS:
attitude towards all the aspects involved in dealing Standpoint of College
with these health issues. It was found that there is Students of the University of
a significant moderate relationship between the the Immaculate Conception.
Group 2 – Gabriel, Abeleda, Serafin, Dorongon, Rivera
6. Life Expectancy Simulation
Model among HIV (Human
Immunodeficiency Virus)-
Infected Individuals: A Monte
Carlo Approach
7. Effect of age at initiation of
antiretroviral therapy on
treatment outcomes; A
retrospective cohort study at
a large HIV clinic in
southwestern Uganda
PHRES4
knowledge and attitude on HIV/AIDS from the UIC Research Journal, 20(1).
standpoint of the college students. doi:10.17158/550
Their study results revealed that there is an Castro, M. D., Villanueva, T., &
increased lifespan of about six (6) folds of HIV Gonzalve, R. (2017). Life
infected individuals who seek treatment Expectancy Simulation Model
(antiretroviral therapy) than those otherwise. The among HIV (Human
expected average lifespan of individuals being Immunodeficiency Virus)-
treated ranges 38-66 years that is greater than Infected Individuals: A Monte
those without treatment of 5-11 years from Carlo Approach. Recoletos
individuals who do not seek treatment. Multidisciplinary Research
Journal, 2(2), 9-18.
doi:10.32871/rmrj1402.02.02
The proportion of young adults and patients at Ssebutinde, P., Kyamwanga, I.,
WHO stage I initiating ART increased steadily over Turyakira, E., Asiimwe, S., &
the 7-year period. Older age at ART initiation (> = Bajunirwe, F. (2018). Effect of
50 years) was associated with a higher risk of age at initiation of
mortality with adjusted relative risk (RR) at 1.63, antiretroviral therapy on
(95% CI 1.26–2.11) compared to younger age. Male treatment outcomes; A
gender, WHO stages III and IV, lower CD4 count retrospective cohort study at
and lower body mass index were also all large HIV clinic in southwester
independently and significantly associated with Uganda.
higher risk for mortality. Older adults also had a
poorer immunological response RR = 1.79 (95% CI
0.89–3.58) but was not statistically significant.
Following ART initiation, older adults compared to
the young, have a higher risk of mortality. This age
Group 2 – Gabriel, Abeleda, Serafin, Dorongon, Rivera
8. Antiretroviral Treatment
Adherence: Knowledge and
Experiences among
Adolescents and Young Adults
in Soweto, South Africa
PHRES4
group should be targeted first for ‘screen and treat’
approach. Optimization of ART treatment regimens
for this age group is also required to reduce
mortality and improve immunological response.
Despite having good knowledge about ART, AYAs Hornschuh, S., Dietrich, J.J.,
may face circumstances which can derail optimal Tshabalala, C., Laher, F.
adherence. AYAs may present with specific Antiretroviral Treatment
adherence problems, such as denial about HIV Adherence: Knowledge and
persistence after a childhood of treatment and the Experiences among
issues that HIV/AIDS poses to them during a phase Adolescents and Young Adults
of development in which social assimilation gains in Soweto, South Africa
prominence in their lives. AYAs may find it difficult
to open up about these circumstances as they
struggle internally to resolve them. It may be useful
for the healthcare practitioner facing a poorly
adherent AYA patient to learn from the strategy we
employed in our interviews: inviting AYAs to share
general, not necessarily personal, barriers to
adherence. Regardless, in a world where HIV
discrimination remains a reality, secretiveness may
be a practical and palatable strategy which a
healthcare worker can suggest to AYAs to help
maintain adherence while public disclosure is
unthinkable for the individual. Parallel
interventions may be motivational messaging
focusing on the known long-term health, longevity,
and prevention benefits of achieving viral
suppression through adherence and practical
strategies for status disclosure where appropriate
Group 2 – Gabriel, Abeleda, Serafin, Dorongon, Rivera
9. A review of HIV antiretroviral
adherence and intervention
studies among HIV-infected
youth
10. Evaluation of HIV/AIDS
patients' knowledge on
antiretroviral drugs
PHRES4
This review indicates that more research on S. L. Reisner, M. J. Mimiaga, M.
adherence among HIV-infected youth, as well as Skeer, B. Perkovich, C. V.
more rigorously evaluated interventions, are Johnson, and S. A. Safren, “A
needed. Maximizing adherence may not only be review of HIV antiretroviral
fundamental to the wellbeing of HIV-infected adherence and intervention
youth but may also have a far-reaching and studies among HIV-infected
broader impact on public health. No adherence youth,” Topics in HIV
may lead to drug resistance and cross-resistance Medicine, vol. 17, no. 1, pp.
that may render HIV treatments ineffective and 14–25, 2009.
may be implicated in the emergence of drug-
resistant strains of HIV. Consequently, gaining a
more thorough and contextualized understanding
of factors associated with adherence and no
adherence, including individual demographic,
social and psychologic, disease-related, treatment-
regimen, and practitioner factors, represents an
important step in helping people live longer and in
intervening to address infectious disease rates.
Further culturally tailored, intervention
development research for HIV-infected youth is
warranted.
Despite substantial evidence that antiretroviral Almeida, R.F. & Vieira, A.P. (2009).
therapy is potentially effective in reducing viral Evaluation of HIV/AIDS
load and the postponement of the onset of patients' knowledge on
opportunistic diseases, recent data indicates that antiretroviral drugs.
approximately half of patients receiving this
medication fail to follow the prescription.
The lack of knowledge about antiretroviral drugs
among patients with HIV/AIDS is evident according
Group 2 – Gabriel, Abeleda, Serafin, Dorongon, Rivera
11. Gender affirmative HIV care
framework: Decisions on
feminizing hormone therapy
(FHT) and antiretroviral
therapy (ART) among
transgender women
12. The Phenomenology of
Patients living with HIV: Its
Implications on Their Coping
Mechanism.
PHRES4
to this study. The analysis of responses from users
of antiretroviral drugs interviewed for this study
shows that, despite being sure about the number
of pills and frequency with which they must take
them, they lack more knowledge about other
aspects of drug therapy. It appears that such basic
information was provided, according to most, only
by the doctor at the time of prescription, when it is
known that giving patients adequate information
about the medicines that are prescribed.
There exist mixed regimens and beliefs about Arjee J. Restar, E. Karina
taking FHT and ART among this sample of trans Santamaria, Alexander Adia,
women. While trans participants’ main source of Jennifer Nazareno, Randolph
health information is their HIV provider, providers Chan, Mark Lurie, Theo
are likely to communicate non-affirmative rhetoric Sandfort, Laufred Hernandez,
that negatively impacts trans women’s decision to Susan Cu-Uvin & Don
take FHT and ART. Research is needed to elucidate Operario. (2019) Gender
co-prescriptions of gender-affirmative services with affirmative HIV care
HIV care among this group in the Philippines. framework: Decisions on
feminizing hormone therapy
Exploring HIV provider-focused interventions to (FHT) and antiretroviral
improve knowledge, attitudes, and motivation to therapy (ART) among
interact with and attend to the health needs of transgender women
trans women who are living with HIV.
The rapid rise of HIV infections has made Ma. Francesca C. Chavez, Monica V.
Philippines one of the nations in the world with a Maloles, Ma. Pamela Louise
high risk of full-blown AIDS epidemic. Manzano (2016). The
Phenomenology of Patients
FGD participants view HIV as a disease that can kill living with HIV: Its Implications
them however, they still believe that knowledge on Their Coping Mechanism.
Group 2 – Gabriel, Abeleda, Serafin, Dorongon, Rivera
13. DSM-5 substance use disorder
symptom clusters and HIV
antiretroviral therapy (ART)
adherence
14. Disability and health
outcomes – from a cohort of
PHRES4
about the virus is the key to prolong their life and
cope with their condition. They believe that HIV
can control them, but they are the ones who will
decide how to face the disease.
Implications of HIV did not only change the lives of
PLHIVs but also the people around them, especially
their family. HIV changed their perception in life
and helped them appreciate what they have. HIV
helped them know their self-more and live a
healthy life.
This study examines self-reported 30-day Margaret M. Paschen-Wolff, Aimee
antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence among 101 N.C. Campbell, Susan Tross,
people living with HIV and substance use disorders Tse-Hwei Choo, Martina
(SUD) in New York City in terms of Diagnostic and Pavlicova & Don Des Jarlais
Statistical Manual – 5th Edition (DSM-5) SUD (2020) DSM-5 substance use
symptom clusters: impaired control, social disorder symptom clusters
impairment, risky use and pharmacological criteria. and HIV antiretroviral therapy
Participants with vs. without alcohol SUD were (ART) adherence, AIDS Care,
significantly less likely to report ART adherence 32:5, 645-650, DOI:
(64.3% vs. 88.2%, p = .017). Endorsement of social 10.1080/09540121.2019.1686
impairment significantly differed among adherent 600
vs. non-adherent participants with alcohol SUDs
(74.1% vs. 100%, p = .038) and with opioid SUDs
(94.1% vs. 50.0%, p = .040). Understanding specific
SUD symptom clusters may assist providers and
patients in developing strategies to improve ART
adherence.
Long-term survival with HIV is associated with new Myezwa H, Hanass-Hancock J,
health-related issues and a risk of functional Ajidahun AT, Carpenter B.
Group 2 – Gabriel, Abeleda, Serafin, Dorongon, Rivera
people on long-term
antiretroviral therapy
15. The HIV Treatment Gap:
Estimates of the Financial
Resources Needed versus
Available for Scale-Up of
Antiretroviral Therapy in 97
Countries from 2015 to 2020
PHRES4
limitation/disability. In addition, adherence to ART, Disability and health
symptoms of poor physical health and depression outcomes - from a cohort of
were strongly associated with their functional people on long-term anti-
limitations/disability. HIV as a chronic disease is retroviral therapy. SAHARA J.
associated with functional limitations that are not 2018 Dec;15(1):50-59. doi
adequately addressed and pose a risk of long-term
disability and negative adherence outcomes.
Therefore, wellness for PLHIV/AIDS needs to
include interventions that can prevent and manage
disability.
AIDS has killed 39 million people since 1981, and Dutta A, Barker C, Kallarakal A
over 36 million people (mostly living in resource- (2015) The HIV Treatment
limited countries) are currently living with HIV, the Gap: Estimates of the
virus that causes AIDS. HIV destroys immune Financial Resources Needed
system cells (including CD4 lymphocytes), leaving versus Available for Scale-Up
HIV-infected individuals susceptible to other of Antiretroviral Therapy in 97
infections. Their results suggest that future Countries from 2015 to 2020.
resource needs for ART scale-up are smaller than PLoS Med 12(11): e1001907.
stated elsewhere but still significantly threaten the https://doi.org/10.1371/journ
sustainability of the global HIV response without al.pmed.1001907
additional resource mobilization from domestic or
innovative financing sources or efficiency gains. As
the world moves towards adopting the WHO 2015
guidelines, advances in technology, including the
introduction of lower-cost, highly effective
antiretroviral regimens, whose value are assessed
here, may prove to be “game changers” that allow
more people to be on ART with the resources
available.
Group 2 – Gabriel, Abeleda, Serafin, Dorongon, Rivera PHRES4

16. Improving antiretroviral
therapy adherence in
resource‐limited settings at
scale: a discussion of
interventions and
recommendations
Those most widely studied and implemented to Haberer, J. E., Sabin, L., Amico, K. R.,
date involve peer counselling, adherence clubs, Orrell, C., Galárraga, O., Tsai,
and short message service (SMS). Many additional A. C., Vreeman, R. C., Wilson,
interventions could have an important impact on I., Sam-Agudu, N. A., Blaschke,
ART adherence with further development, T. F., Vrijens, B., Mellins, C. A.,
including standardized counselling through multi‐ Remien, R. H., Weiser, S. D.,
media technology, electronic dose monitoring, Lowenthal, E., Stirratt, M. J.,
decentralized and differentiated models of care, Sow, P. S., Thomas, B., Ford,
and livelihood interventions. Optimal targeting and N., … Bangsberg, D. R. (2017).
tailoring of interventions will require improved Improving antiretroviral
adherence measurement. therapy adherence in
The opportunity exists today to address and resource-limited settings at
resolve many of the challenges to effective ART scale: a discussion of
adherence, so that they do not limit the potential interventions and
of ART to help bring about the end of AIDS. recommendations. Journal of
the International AIDS Society,
20(1), 21371.
https://doi.org/10.7448/ias.20
.1.21371

17. High rates of retention and
viral suppression in the scale‐
up of antiretroviral therapy
adherence clubs in Cape
Town, South Africa
Increasingly, there is a need for health authority Tsondai, P. R., Wilkinson, L. S.,
scale up of successfully piloted differentiated
models of antiretroviral therapy (ART) delivery.
However, there is a paucity of evidence on system‐
wide outcomes after scale‐up. In the Cape Town
health district, stable adult patients were referred
to adherence clubs (ACs) – a group model of ART
delivery with five visits per year. By the end of
March 2015, over 32,000 ART patients were in an
AC. We describe patient outcomes of a
representative sample of AC patients during this
Grimsrud, A., Mdlalo, P. T.,
Ullauri, A., & Boulle, A. (2017).
High rates of retention and
viral suppression in the scale-
up of antiretroviral therapy
adherence clubs in Cape
Town, South Africa. Journal of
the International AIDS Society,
20, 21649.
https://doi.org/10.7448/ias.20
Group 2 – Gabriel, Abeleda, Serafin, Dorongon, Rivera
18. HIV crisis in the Philippines:
urgent actions needed
19. The Perceptions of HIV-
Positive Patients (ART
Patients) on Anti-Retroviral
Therapy (ART), Treatment
Supporters and Health Care
Workers with Regard to their
PHRES4
scale‐up. Risk of LTFU was higher in younger .5.21649
patients and in patients accessing ART from
facilities with larger ART cohorts. Risk of viral
rebound was higher in younger patients, those that
had been on ART for longer and patients that had
never sent a buddy to collect their medication.
The Philippines is facing the fastest growing HIV Gangcuangco, L. A. (2019). HIV crisis
epidemic in the western Pacific, with a 174% in the Philippines: Urgent
increase in HIV incidence between 2010 and 2017. actions needed (2nd ed., Vol.
Six interventions are outlined to curb the epidemic. 4, E84). The Lancet Public
First, stigma should be reduced through education. Health. doi:
Second, awareness among health-care providers https://doi.org/10.1016/S246
should be increased. Third, pre-exposure 8-2667(18)30265-2
prophylaxis (PrEP) should be distributed on a
national scale. Fourth, integrase inhibitors should
be used as first-line ART. Fifth, primary care
physicians should be empowered to provide HIV
care. Finally, substance abuse should be addressed,
and mental health promoted The HIV crisis in the
Philippines is an emergency. Youth education,
empowerment of health-care providers, national
access to PrEP and integrase inhibitors, and harm
reduction are urgently needed.
It was clear from the discoveries of this exploration Tuhadeleni, O., Opotamutale, D.,
that ART patients see various components as & Nuuyoma, V. (2016).
influencing ART adherence, including absence of The Perceptions of HIV-
cash and transport and neediness, while ART Positive Patients (ART
center related elements remembered negative Patients) on Anti-Retroviral
perspectives for the piece of ART facility staff, Therapy (ART), Treatment
Group 2 – Gabriel, Abeleda, Serafin, Dorongon, Rivera PHRES4

Role in ART Adherence at ART
Clinics in the Intermediate
Hospital Oshakati, Namibia.
going significant distances to the ART facility and Supporters and Health Care
the presence of long lines and protracted holding Workers with Regard to their
up times at the facility. Role in ART Adherence at ART
Clinics in the Intermediate
Hospital Oshakati, Namibia.

20. Knowledge, attitudes,
perception, and practices
regarding antiretroviral
therapy among HIV-infected
adults in Antananarivo,
Madagascar: a cross-sectional
survey
This study showed an overall good knowledge and Raberahona, M., Lidamahasolo, Z.,
a predominantly positive attitude/perception of Andriamamonjisoa, J. et al.
ART. However, accurate knowledge of ART intake Knowledge, attitudes,
was insufficient, and the stigma associated with perception and practices
taking ART remained very present. Furthermore, regarding antiretroviral
very heterogeneous practices may reflect lack of therapy among HIV-infected
instruction given by the physician regarding ART adults in Antananarivo,
intake. Madagascar: a cross-sectional
survey. BMC Health Serv Res
19, 341 (2019).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s129
13-019-4173-3

21. Literacy, Social Stigma, and
HIV Medication Adherence
Low literacy was a significant risk factor for
improper adherence to HIV medication regimens in
the study, perceived social stigma mediated this
relationship. Low literacy HIV intervention
strategies may also need to incorporate more
comprehensive psychosocial approaches to
overcome stigma barriers.
Waite, K. R., BA, Orlow, M. P., MD
MA MPH, Rintamaki, L. S.,
PhD, Davis, T. C., PhD, &
Wolf, M. S., PhD MPH. (2008,
September 23). Literacy, social
stigma, and HIV medication
adherence. doi:
10.1007/s11606-008-0662-5

22. Knowledge, perception about The ART defaulter rate was 27% and clients had Boateng, D., Kwapong, G. D., &
antiretroviral therapy (ART) good knowledge about ART and PMTCT. More than Agyei-Baffour, P. (2013).
and prevention of mother-to- 90% of the HIV positive women had inadequate Knowledge, perception about
Group 2 – Gabriel, Abeleda, Serafin, Dorongon, Rivera
child-transmission (PMTCT)
and adherence to ART among
HIV positive women in the
Ashanti Region, Ghana: a
cross-sectional study
23. Enhancing HIV/AIDS
Surveillance in the Philippines
to Ensure the Transgender
Population's Visibility
24. The Epidemic That We Can't
Afford to Ignore
PHRES4
knowledge about ART and PMTCT and these antiretroviral therapy (ART)
women were more likely to default ART. The and prevention of mother-to-
educational background of HIV positive women did child-transmission (PMTCT)
not have significant influence on their knowledge and adherence to ART among
of ART and PMTCT. HIV positive women in the
Ashanti Region, Ghana: a
cross-sectional study. BMC
women's health, 13, 2.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-
6874-13-2
The study shows that it will be all the more Bumanglag, K. C. (2018). Enhancing
precisely deciphered, and HIV transmission HIV/AIDS Surveillance in the
between sexual accomplices can be all the more Philippines to Ensure the
accurately reported. In this way, HIV anticipation Transgender Population's
and intercession projects can be created to all the Visibility. Enhancing HIV/AIDS
more successfully serve the given transsexual Surveillance in the Philippines
populace (transsexual ladies or transsexual men) to Ensure the Transgender
and the unsafe sexual conduct. Population's Visibility.
The study shows that the data from the Santos, A. P. (n.d.). The Epidemic
Department of Health showed that, as of August That We Can't Afford to
2017, there were 46,985 persons living with HIV Ignore. The Epidemic That We
(PLHIV) in the Philippines. If the government does Can't Afford to Ignore.
not adjust its current HIV preventions and
treatment progs to address the complexities of the
HIV epidemic in the Philippines, the number could
triple to 142,000 by 2022. HIV in the Philippines is a
“youth epidemic." Seven out ten or about 68% of
new HIV infections are among young men or
transgender women who have sex with men are 15
to 24 years old.
Group 2 – Gabriel, Abeleda, Serafin, Dorongon, Rivera
25. Antiretroviral for Treatment
and Prevention of HIV
Infection in Adults: 2016
Recommendations of the
International Antiviral Society-
USA Panel
26. Factors associated with
Adherence to Antiretroviral
Therapy in HIV/AIDS patients:
a cross sectional study in
Southern Brazil
27. Perception and knowledge
about HIV/Aids among
Nepalese Adolescent
PHRES4
The study shows the different data and therapeutic Gunthard, H. F. (et al) (2016).
recommendations for the use of antiretroviral Antiretroviral Drugs for
drugs (ARVs) to treat or to prevent HIV infection in Treatment and Prevention of
adults. There have been substantial advances in HIV Infection in Adults: 2016
the use of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) for the Recommendations of the
treatment and prevention of HIV infection. International Antiviral Society-
Antiretroviral agents remain the cornerstone of HIV USA Panel
treatment and prevention. The researchers
discussed the different revisions and
recommendations in the latest development in
ARTs.
The researchers conducted a cross sectional C.A.T. Pinheiro, J.C. de-Carvalho-
study on HIV-infected adults being treated with Leite, M.L. Drachler &V.L.
antiretroviral drugs at a reference service in Silveira (2002). Factors
Southern Brazil. It was conducted to investigate associated with Adherence to
associations between the adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in
antiretroviral therapy and sociodemographic, HIV/AIDS patients: a cross
clinical, and sociocognitive variables. The result sectional study in Southern
concluded that there was no evidence for the Brazil
association between sociodemographic
characteristics gender, age, and income and
adherence to antiretroviral medication.
The researchers assessed the different perception Banodita, A. D., Screshtha, N., &
and knowledge of adolescents regarding HIV/Aids Kshitiz, U. D. (2013)
knowing that Nepal was confronted to its Perception and knowledge
increasing incidence rate among adolescents. The about HIV/Aids among
result regarding this research was satisfactory Nepalese Adolescent
according to the researchers. Seventy-nine percent
of the female and sixty-four percent from the male
agreed to care for HIV/Aids patients. However,
Group 2 – Gabriel, Abeleda, Serafin, Dorongon, Rivera
28. Adherence to Antiretroviral
Therapy Among People Living
with HIV
29. An HIV epidemic is ready to
emerge in the Philippines
30. The changing molecular
epidemiology of HIV in the
PHRES4
there were still misconceptions about the
transmission. Sixty-two percentage thought that
the contraceptive Pills prevent HIV transmission,
thirty-two percent thought that mosquito can
transmit the infection, twenty-one percent replied
that sharing of utensils, and towels can transmit
HIV. And the remaining forty-five percent of the
participants thought that people who looks healthy
cannot transmit HIV.
The researchers determined the adherence level Achappa et al. (2013) Adherence to
and factors influencing adherence to antiretroviral Antiretroviral Therapy Among
therapy among people living with HIV. Adherence People Living with HIV
to antiretroviral therapy in south India is
suboptimal. Intensive adherence counseling should
be provided to all patients before initiation of
antiretroviral therapy. Health care providers must
identify possible barriers to adherence at the
earliest and provide appropriate solutions.
The researchers evaluated the current Anna F. & David W. (2010) An HIV
epidemiology, trends in behavior and public health epidemic is ready to emerge
response in the Philippines to identify factors that in the Philippines
could account for the current HIV epidemic, as well
as to review conditions that may be of concern for
facilitating an emerging epidemic. They concluded
that there is no guarantee that a large HIV
epidemic will be avoided in the future. Indeed, an
expanding HIV epidemic is likely to be on matter of
time as the components of such epidemic is
already present on the country.
The researchers sought to determine whether local Salvana, E. T., Schwem, B. E., Ching,
molecular subtypes of HIV have changed. The P. R., Frost, S. Ganchua, S. K. &
Group 2 – Gabriel, Abeleda, Serafin, Dorongon, Rivera PHRES4

Philippines Philippines has one of the fastest-growing HIV Itable, J. R. (2017) The
epidemics in the world. The reason behind this is changing molecular
because of increased testing, increased local epidemiology of HIV in the
transmission, and possibly more aggressive strains Philippines
of HIV. As HIV cases continues to increase the use
of molecular tools with clinical and demographic
data is said to be essential in providing insights into
the underlying dynamics of the epidemic being
discussed.