63478

——写作(学术类)
（第三版）
MON
1
刘民编著
中国人民大学出版社
·北京·

· · 雅思周计划.·写作.学术类/·刘民编著.·—3版.—北京：中国人民大学出版社，2014.5
· · · ISBN· 978-7-300-19250-5
·
· · Ⅰ.·①雅…· Ⅱ.·①刘…·Ⅲ.·①IELTS–写作–自学参考资料· Ⅳ.·①H310.41
· · 中国版本图书馆 CIP 数据核字（2014）第 086910 号
雅思周计划——写作（学术类）（第三版）
刘民编著
Y倩si Zhou Jihu倩 —Xiezuo（Xueshulei）
（Di-S倩 n B倩n）
出版发行中国人民大学出版社
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第三版前言
在 2013 年 1 月—2014 年 3 月的 60 次雅思考试中，只有 7 次考试是新题，
其余的题目都是以前年度考题的“翻版”或“原题重现”。具体重现情况统计如下。
（注：具体考试题目以及考官范文见本书内文部分。）
考试日期原题重现考试日期原题重现

2014年3月8日 2010年11月6日 2013年6月22日 2006年11月18日
2013年4月6日 2009年5月21日 2013年7月18日 2007年3月31日

2005年2月26日
2013年4月18日 2010年9月11日 2013年7月27日 2011年4月28日
2013年4月27日 2009年5月9日 2013年8月3日 2013年4月13日

2008年6月5日
2013年5月11日 2010年8月14日 2013年8月24日 2008年7月24日
2013年5月16日 2011年6月25日 2013年10月10日 2007年11月24日

2007年4月14日
2013年6月15日 2009年10月8日 2013年10月12日 2008年10月25日
考试日期类似考题考试日期类似考题

2014年1月9日 2012年7月21日 2013年5月18日 2008年3月1日
2006年4月22日
2014年1月11日 2010年6月19日 2013年6月6日 2007年8月25日

2007年1月6日
2014年1月18日 2009年4月25日 2013年6月8日 2013年12月12日
2014年1月25日 2009年5月30日 2013年7月13日 2008年11月8日
2014年2月1日 2013年9月21日 2013年9月28日 2007年8月16日

2010年1月23日 2007年6月28日
2014年2月13日 2012年7月28日 2013年11月16日 2011年3月5日

2007年3月22日
2014年2月15日 2013年1月10日 2013年11月21日 2006年8月12日

2006年10月28日
2014年2月22日 2013年8月17日 2013年12月7日 2011年2月12日

2012年9月6日
2014年3月1日 2013年5月11日 2013年12月14日 2010年7月17日
2013年4月18日 2010年9月11日 2013年12月21日 2008年3月29日

——写作（学术类）
通过以上对 2013 年和 2014 年雅思考试写作题目的分析可知，在准备雅思

写作的过程中，我们要特别注意以下两点：
第一，对于曾经考过的题目，尤其是 2011—2014 年的题目要格外重视，这
些题目在以后的考试中会有较高的出现频率。
第二，掌握历年考题的写作思路、相关素材和考官范文对于快速提高雅思写
作的成绩至关重要。
本书第二版出版后，其中的很多题目在 2013 年的考试中重现，受到了广大
考生的热烈欢迎并很快再版。借此再版的机会，又加入了 2014 年的考试题目。
这些题目都是当前考试的热点，在以后的考试中还会不断重复出现。掌握书中的
题目、文章结构、考官范文以及万能框架对提高雅思写作的水平和成绩将会起到
事半功倍的作用。
特别说明：
本书“第三部分　实践演习——2014 年真题 6 套”是第三版新增的内容，
是本书经过“基础段”和“强化段”的讲解之后供实战演习的真题。要求考生在
考前两周内完全按照考试的规定来完成。做足了准备，成功也就水到渠成了！
祝愿广大考生取得满意的成绩！
刘民
2014 年 3 月

第二版前言
在 2013 年第一季度的 12 次雅思考试中，有 8 次议论文写作的题目是以前
年度考题的“原题重现”，其余 4 次的题目则是以“类似考题”的形式出现。在
2012 年的 47 次雅思考试中，只有 12 次考试是新题，其余的题目也是以前年度
考题的“翻版”或“原题重现”。具体重现情况统计如下。
（注：具体考试题目以及考官范文见本书内文部分。）
考试日期原题重现考试日期原题重现

2013年1月5日 2009年5月16日 2012年5月12日 2009年9月17日
2013年1月12日 2005年4月2日 2012年5月19日 2005年2月5日
2013年1月19日 2009年9月12日 2012年6月14日 2005年12月10日
2013年2月16日 2012年5月12日 2012年7月7日 2005年11月19日
2013年3月2日 2010年5月15日 2012年7月12日 2006年7月22日
2013年3月9日 2007年9月1日 2012年8月11日 2006年3月11日
2013年3月14日 2005年12月17日 2012年11月3日 2008年10月4日
2013年3月23日 2010年2月27日 2012年11月24日 2007年3月10日
2012年5月10日 2007年4月21日 2012年12月6日 2009年12月5日

2013年1月10日 2008年4月12日 2012年4月28日 2008年2月2日
2013年2月2日 2008年1月10日 2012年6月9日 2012年3月17日
2013年2月14日 2011年11月19日 2012年6月30日 2005年3月19日
2013年2月23日 2011年11月5日 2012年7月28日 2012年5月26日
2012年1月12日 2010年12月4日 2012年8月9日 2010年9月4日
2012年1月14日 2007年1月13日 2012年9月6日 2010年7月31日
2012年2月4日 2010年5月20日 2012年9月15日 2009年7月4日
2012年2月9日 2012年1月7日 2012年10月11日 2012年9月22日
2012年2月18日 2010年2月27日 2012年10月13日 2006年8月25日


2012年3月8日 2008年4月12日 2012年10月20日 2008年11月20日
2012年3月10日 2010年3月6日 2012年11月17日 2009年8月29日
2012年4月12日 2011年3月12日 2012年12月1日 2011年3月19日
2012年4月21日 2008年2月16日
通过以上对 2012—2013 年雅思考试写作题目的分析可知，在准备雅思写作

的过程中，我们要特别注意以下两点：
第一，对于曾经考过的题目，尤其是 2010—2012 年的题目要格外重视，这
些题目在 2013 年的考试中会有较高的出现频率。
第二，掌握历年考题的写作思路、相关素材和范文对于快速提高雅思写作的
成绩至关重要。
本书第一版出版后，其中的很多题目在 2012 年和 2013 年的考试中重现，
受到了广大考生的热烈欢迎并很快再版。借此再版的机会，又加入了 2012 年和
2013 年的考试题目。这些题目都是当前考试的热点，在以后的考试中还会不断
重复出现。掌握书中的题目、文章结构、范文以及万能框架对提高雅思写作水平
和成绩将会起到事半功倍的作用。
刘民
2013 年 3 月

第一版前言
雅思写作的三个突出特点：
第一，议论文题目重复出现的频率非常高。
在 2011 年上半年的 22 次考试中，只有 3 次是全新的题目，其他 19 次考试
的题目都是以前题目的改写甚至是原题重现。
第二，话题范围基本不变。
议论文常考的话题范围有 11 大类，每次考试的题目内容都是围绕着这 11
大类话题展开的。
第三，题目的题型不变。
议论文的题型分为辩论型题目和解释型题目两类；图表作文的题型主要是柱
图、表格、线图、饼图和流程图五类。
针对雅思写作的上述三个特点，本书的核心内容如下：
第一，原题重现。本书以 2009—2011 年的考试真题为素材，即书中的题目
全部来源于历次考试。
第二，话题分类。本书把全部议论文题目及其范文分为 11 大类；图表作文
则分五大类编排，方便考生分类掌握，举一反三。
第三，四种写法。对于议论文的两大类题型，书中讲解了四种不同的写作方
法，即一边倒写法、一波三折的让步式写法、双边讨论写法和分析—解决法。对
于图表作文，万能句型可以帮助考生快速掌握每类题型的写作结构和表达方法。
本书的独特之处：
第一，分段备考。“基础段”部分主要培训考生对“题型、素材和方法”的掌
握，“强化段”部分则加大题量，训练考生的写作水平和速度。
第二，万能框架。基础段部分结合 2009—2011 年的题目深入挖掘雅思写作
的模板句型和万能框架；强化段部分则对每个题目的万能框架进行提炼，考生可
以快速掌握并直接应用。
第三，三周计划。本书为考生制订了科学的“三周（21 天）备考计划”，
帮助考生“有规划、高效率”地准备雅思考试。
在此特别感谢赵吉涛、李阳、李志宏给予了很多宝贵的建议和实用的技巧。
祝愿大家心想事成，考试成功！
刘民
2011 年 6 月

编委会
主编刘民
副主编宋雷赵吉涛刘伟
编委陆冬梅姜雪刘丽瑶赵剑张晓冉王光辉
　　宋锦萍邵若李强刘建伟王燕李志宏
　　赵玉红毛静于会荣张洋邵海风张立国
　　田源李箐张靖泽王杰杨坤宋丽
　　刘佳李秋李阳程飞孙迪杜戈
　　颜巧杨春沈宏伟林峰李红岩刘成玉
目录
第一部分基础段
Day 1 第一章雅思写作学术类考试概述· ······················································ 3

第一节考试形式和要求··········································································· 3
第二节图表作文的题型和要求······························································· 3
第三节议论文的试题来源、题型特点和话题规律······························· 4
第四节备考策略······················································································· 5
第五节评分标准······················································································· 6
Day 2-4 第二章议论文···························································································· 9

第一节审题······························································································· 9
第二节论点的提出················································································· 13
第三节议论文的素材············································································· 15
第四节必备词汇····················································································· 23
第五节 36 个加分句型··········································································· 59
第六节模板句型和万能框架································································· 63
Day 5 第三章图表作文· ···················································································· 89

第一节必备词汇····················································································· 89
第二节模板句型····················································································· 95
第二部分强化段
Day 6-16 第一章议论文真题 66 篇··································································· 101
第一节科技··························································································· 101
2013 年 9 月 7 日考题········································································ 101

2013 年 8 月 29 日考题······································································ 103

2012 年 5 月 19 日考题······································································ 106
2012 年 2 月 18 日考题······································································ 109
2011 年 1 月 27 日考题······································································· 112
2011 年 1 月 8 日考题········································································· 114
第二节教育··························································································· 117
2013 年 3 月 9 日考题········································································ 117
2013 年 3 月 2 日考题········································································ 120
2013 年 1 月 19 日考题······································································ 122
2013 年 1 月 12 日考题······································································ 125
2012 年 11 月 8 日考题······································································· 127
2012 年 9 月 6 日考题········································································ 130
2012 年 2 月 25 日考题······································································ 133
2012 年 2 月 4 日考题········································································ 135
2012 年 1 月 14 日考题······································································ 138
2011 年 5 月 28 日考题······································································· 140
第三节工作··························································································· 143
2013 年 12 月 14 日考题···································································· 143
2013 年 10 月 19 日考题···································································· 146
2013 年 9 月 12 日考题······································································ 148
2012 年 8 月 11 日考题······································································· 151
2012 年 3 月 8 日考题········································································ 154
2011 年 3 月 19 日考题······································································· 157
2011 年 2 月 19 日考题······································································· 159
第四节社会生活··················································································· 162
2013 年 9 月 21 日考题······································································ 162
2013 年 8 月 24 日考题······································································ 165
2013 年 7 月 13 日考题······································································ 167
2013 年 6 月 8 日考题········································································ 170
2013 年 5 月 11 日考题······································································· 172
2012 年 12 月 6 日考题······································································ 175
2012 年 11 月 24 日考题····································································· 178
2012 年 10 月 13 日考题···································································· 180
2012 年 9 月 22 日考题······································································ 183

目录
2012 年 4 月 21 日考题······································································ 186

2012 年 4 月 12 日考题······································································ 189
2012 年 3 月 10 日考题······································································ 191
2012 年 2 月 9 日考题········································································ 194
第五节犯罪··························································································· 196
2013 年 2 月 16 日考题······································································ 196
2011 年 1 月 22 日考题······································································· 199
2009 年 6 月 13 日考题······································································ 202
第六节媒体··························································································· 205
2013 年 1 月 5 日考题········································································ 205
2012 年 10 月 27 日考题···································································· 207
2012 年 8 月 4 日考题········································································ 210
2012 年 7 月 7 日考题········································································ 212
2012 年 3 月 17 日考题······································································ 215
2011 年 6 月 4 日考题········································································· 218
2011 年 5 月 19 日考题······································································· 221
第七节文化··························································································· 223
2013 年 11 月 21 日考题····································································· 223
2012 年 11 月 17 日考题····································································· 226
2012 年 8 月 25 日考题······································································ 229
2011 年 5 月 14 日考题······································································· 231
2011 年 3 月 5 日考题········································································· 234
第八节动物··························································································· 236
2013 年 4 月 18 日考题······································································ 236
2012 年 4 月 28 日考题······································································ 239
2010 年 3 月 18 日考题······································································ 241
第九节环境··························································································· 244
2011 年 5 月 7 日考题········································································· 244
2011 年 4 月 16 日考题······································································· 246
第十节政府··························································································· 249
2012 年 9 月 15 日考题······································································ 249
2012 年 9 月 1 日考题········································································ 251
2012 年 6 月 14 日考题······································································ 254
2012 年 5 月 26 日考题······································································ 256

2011 年 2 月 26 日考题······································································· 259

2011 年 2 月 17 日考题······································································· 262
第十一节旅游······················································································· 264
2013 年 7 月 6 日考题········································································ 264
2012 年 10 月 20 日考题···································································· 267
2012 年 6 月 30 日考题······································································ 269
2011 年 4 月 2 日考题········································································· 272
Day 17-21 第二章图表作文 20 篇········································································ 276

第一节柱图··························································································· 276
Test 1···································································································· 276
Test 2···································································································· 279
Test 3···································································································· 281
Test 4···································································································· 283
Test 5···································································································· 285
第二节表格··························································································· 288
Test 1···································································································· 288
Test 2···································································································· 290
Test 3···································································································· 293
Test 4···································································································· 295
Test 5···································································································· 297
第三节线图··························································································· 300
Test 1···································································································· 300
Test 2···································································································· 302
Test 3···································································································· 304
第四节饼图··························································································· 307
Test 1···································································································· 307
Test 2···································································································· 309
Test 3···································································································· 311
第五节流程图······················································································· 314
Test 1···································································································· 314
Test 2···································································································· 316
Test 3···································································································· 319
Test 4···································································································· 321

目录
第三部分　实践演习——2014 年真题 6 套
Test 1 2014 年 1 月 9 日考题及考官范文·········································· 327

WRITING TASK 1·············································································· 327
WRITING TASK 2·············································································· 328
Test 2 2014 年 1 月 11 日考题及考官范文······································· 329
WRITING TASK 1·············································································· 329
WRITING TASK 2·············································································· 330
Test 3 2014 年 1 月 18 日考题及考官范文······································· 331
WRITING TASK 1·············································································· 331
WRITING TASK 2·············································································· 333
Test 4 2014 年 2 月 13 日考题及考官范文······································· 334
WRITING TASK 1·············································································· 334
WRITING TASK 2·············································································· 335
Test 5 2014 年 3 月 1 日考题及考官范文·········································· 336
WRITING TASK 1·············································································· 336
WRITING TASK 2·············································································· 337
Test 6 2014 年 3 月 8 日考题及考官范文·········································· 338
WRITING TASK 1·············································································· 338
WRITING TASK 2·············································································· 340

段
基础
一部分
第
Day 1 第一章雅思写作学术类考试概述
第一节考试形式和要求
一、考试形式
雅思写作考试学术类（Academic，简称“A 类”）考生需要完成两项写作任务：TASK 1
（图表写作）和 TASK 2（议论文写作）。其中：
图表包括：柱图、表格、线图、饼图和流程图等。
议论文包括：分析及建议、观点及原因、优点及缺点等。
二、时间及字数要求
雅思写作考试两篇文章的时间一共是 60 分钟，具体如何分配没有硬性要求。根据不
同的字数要求、写作难度和占分比例，试卷上建议大家这样来分配时间：
Task 1 推荐 20 分钟内要求字数必须在 150 词以上
Task 2 推荐 40 分钟内要求字数必须在 250 词以上
雅思写作如果字数不够会被扣减相应的分数，所以，考生不管写得怎么样，先要满足
字数方面的要求。
第二节图表作文的题型和要求
一、图表作文的题型
在雅思写作考试中，典型的图表作文有五类：柱图、表格、线图、饼图和流程图。相
对于前四类而言，流程图难度比较大，但在考试中出现的频率比前四类要低。
二、图表作文的要求
在图表作文中，题目会给出一个或多个互相关联的图表，考生需要对其中的事实或数
据进行描述。题目也可能是一个流程图，考生需要对其运作程序进行解释。这一部分考查
的是考生在图表中选择最重要和最相关的信息，并对这些信息进行清晰描述的能力，考官
将对考生组织这些信息的能力以及语言使用的准确性进行评分。
在写作的过程中，文章应该包含图表中最重要以及最为相关的信息，一些次要的信息

则可以忽略。在字数方面，考生应保证至少达到 150 字，否则将会被扣分。字数多于 150

不会被扣分，但考生应该注意如果在图表作文部分花费太长时间，则议论文的用时将会减
少，如果议论文达不到最低的字数要求，也是要被扣分的。而议论文比图表作文占的分数
比例要大，因此考生一定要在 20 分钟之内完成图表作文的写作。
第三节议论文的试题来源、题型特点和话题规律
一、试题来源
2013 年 1 月—2014 年 3 月，中国大陆考区 A 类写作共考试 60 次。从题源的角度来看，
只有其中的 7 次考试为新题，其余的大部分题目都是以前考题的翻版或原题重现。
例1 原题重现
2014 年 3 月 8 日考试题目：Some people think young people should be required to
have full time education until they are at least 18 years old. To what extent do you agree or
disagree? 非常清楚，这道考题就是 2010 年 11 月 6 日考题的原题重现。
例2 老题翻版
2014 年 1 月 9 日考试题目：Some people say the best way for the government to solve
the traffic congestion is to provide free public transports for 24 hours a day and 7 days a
week. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
我们可以看出，这道题目是 2012 年 7 月 21 日考题的翻版，该题目是：In most cities
and towns, the high volumes of road traffic become a problem. What are the causes of that
and what actions could be taken to solve the problem?
上面的统计数据和例子向我们展示了雅思写作的出题规律：大部分题目都会和以前考
过的题目有密切的关系，所以，是否熟悉已经考过的题目，在很大程度上会决定一个考生
的成绩。
二、题型特点
雅思写作议论文的题型主要分为两大类。
1. 辩论型题目
辩论型题目包括：（1）给你一个观点，问你是否同意并说明原因；（2）给你两种对立
的观点，请你讨论这两种观点并表明自己的立场；（3）讨论某件事情的优缺点。这类试题
在考试中占 75% 左右。
辩论型的题目有以下几种提问方式：
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Do you agree or disagree?
Do you think it is a positive or negative development?

Do you think its advantages outweigh its disadvantages?

Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
2. 解释型题目
解释型题目是提出一个现在比较热门的问题，让你谈谈原因和解决方案。这类题目的
主要特点是：考生不需要提供自己的观点，因为往往题目是一种社会现状，考生只需要进
行分析和提出建议就可以了。这类试题在考试中占 25% 左右。
解释型题目有以下几种提问方式：
What are the possible reasons and how to solve it?
What are the social and individual functions?
Please analyse the reasons and give your recommendations.
三、话题规律
从话题的角度来看，近年来雅思议论文常考的话题为科技、教育、工作、社会、犯罪、
媒体、文化、动物、环境、政府和旅游等。其中，前四类即科技、教育、工作和社会类话
题约占总题目数量的 56%，其他的占 44%。
根据对雅思写作常考话题和它们的主次地位的分析，考生在备考的过程中要注意以下
两点：
第一，科技、教育、工作和社会类题目涉及的考题最多，是考生备考的重中之重。
第二，对已经考过的题目，考生可以按照话题类别掌握，达到事半功倍的效果。
第四节备考策略
有效的备考方法须建立在对规律的把握上，所以大家在了解了雅思写作的考试要求、
试题来源、题型类别和话题规律的前提下，要有目的有规划地备考。建议大家做好以下几
个方面：
第一，阅读并熟悉近四年雅思写作考题、观点及其范文。
第二，分类准备，举一反三。即多多积累某类话题的观点，使观点从无到有，从有到
多，从多到精。按照话题类别进行备考的好处是可以为不同的题目找到有共性的通用观点。
比如该不该拿小动物做实验，该不该建动物园，该不该吃动物的肉或用它们的皮做衣服，
这些题目的具体内容虽然不同，但都属于动物类话题，因此有些观点是可以通用的。比如，
动物是人类的好朋友；应该保护濒临灭绝的小动物；动物的生存权利不应该被剥夺等。再
比如犯罪类话题，如校园暴力、女性犯罪、青少年犯罪、吸毒、赌博等，它们的根源、危
害和解决途径都是大同小异的。
第三，勤做笔记。在备考的过程中，要勤做笔记，积累素材和相关表达，并勤于复习
和使用。这样在考试的时候就可以运用自如了。

第四，仿写文章，进行修改。在考试之前，考生应该进行大量练习，从题型和话题两
个方面选取足量的题目进行练习。练习可以分为两个部分：题型部分的练习以研究规律、
熟悉写作方法为主，可以采取不限时训练的方式。话题部分的练习以训练速度、积累观点
和素材为主，所以需要采取限时训练的形式。可以说，没有足量的练习，就没有写作的提
高，也就没有高分的保证。一般来讲，高分写作的诞生，是勤写多练的结果。
第五节评分标准
雅思写作是有规律可循的，只有遵循一定的原则和标准，才能取得好的成绩。下面就
雅思写作的评分标准作一个分析，供大家参考。
评分标准
TF: Task Fulfillment 任务完成情况
重点考查内容、观点和结构
CC: Coherence and Cohesion 连贯与衔接
重点考查文章的组织、细节展开和流畅
VSS: Vocabulary and Sentence Structure 词汇和句子结构
重点考查遣词造句
简单讲就是以下 4 点。
1. 任务完成情况
任务完成情况主要包括三个方面：内容（content）是否切题，立场（position）是否
鲜明并得到有效阐释，结构（structure）是否有逻辑性。
2. 连贯与衔接
文章的连贯性主要体现在段落与段落之间，句子与句子之间。
段落之间的“起”
、“承”、“转”、“合”可以通过表示顺序的过渡词完成。
表示开始：first of all, in the first place, at the very beginning, to begin with, currently, at
present, for one thing 等。
表示承接：besides, further more, in addition, moreover, what’s more, meanwhile,
apart from, as well as, similarly, in the same way 等。

表示转折：however, whereas, while, on the contrary, in contrast, on the other hand

等。
表示结论：in conclusion, in brief, in short, to sum up, ultimately, overall 等。
句子之间的逻辑关系也要通过一些逻辑连词来完成。
表示原因：because (of ), accordingly, due to, owing to, for this reason, since, as a
result, as a consequence 等。
表达观点：in my opinion, personally, from my viewpoint, it seems to me that, it is
clear to me that, as far as I am concerned 等。
举例说明：for example, for instance, as follows, such as, that is to say, namely, just
as, in particular 等。
表示让步：although, in spite of, despite, despite the fact that, regardless of 等。
3. 词汇资源
词汇的多少并不能决定文章的好坏，但用词的精准性是可以加分的。一般来说，词汇
的准确表达可以通过两个方面达到。
一是用有一定难度的词汇。譬如要描述一个好人，很多考生首先想到的形容词就是
good, kind, wise, nice, clever, great, bright 等词，而这些词往往很难得高分，因为描述太
过于抽象和简单。如果能用到诸如 ambitious（有雄心的）, tactful（机智的）, eloquent（有
口才的）, charismatic（有魅力的）之类的词就很具体生动而且有一定的难度了。
二是用近义词避免语言重复。语言首先要正确，其次还要优美，用词要多样化。如“重
要”一词在文章的几个地方出现，最好用不同的词表示：如 important, significant, vital,
crucial 等。
4. 语法的多样性和准确性
句子的好坏主要取决于句子结构的准确性和丰富性，句子的长度和复杂性以及用语的
逻辑性和正式性。
（1）句子结构的准确性。它涉及主谓一致、句子的平衡性等问题。比如：The main
reason for this use of informal languages are various and complicated. 不细心的考生很难
发现这个句子有问题，因为主语太长，使我们忽视了真正的主语其实是 the main reason，
是单数形式，所以 are 应该改为 is。再比如：In my opinion, use mobile phones to send
messages is more convenient than write letters. 这里有个很典型的错误，很多考生在写作
的过程当中会误把动词或动词短语当主语用而造成句子结构的错误，而只有动词的非谓语
形式才能在句中充当主语或宾语。因此，此句正确的表达应该是：In my opinion, using
mobile phones to send messages is more convenient than writing letters.
（2）句子结构的丰富性。它也是考官给分的一个亮点。好的段落应该由不同的句
式组成，而不应该是千篇一律的句子结构。例如：I have many hobbies. For example, I
like movies, I like playing basketball and football, and I like singing and dancing. 很明
显，该句完全由“I + do”结构组成且 like 使用的频率过高。我们不妨做如下修改：I
have many hobbies. Movies, for example, are my favourite and I am also fond of playing

basketball and football. Sometimes when staying with my friends, I’d prefer singing and
dancing rather than any other way of amusement.
（3）句子的长度和难度。这点也是很多考生追求的目标。其实并不需要每个句
子都写得很长、很复杂，如果整篇文章都是长难句并不恰当，最好的方法就是长短句
结合。
下面介绍一种把短句变长的方法，即善用连接词 and, but, or, yet, so 等。例如：
Living off campus is exciting. Living off campus is more independent. I prefer the
convenience of living on campus. 不难看出，这是两种对立的观点，因此我们可以将其变
为：Living off campus is exciting and more independent, but I prefer the convenience
of living on campus.
（4）用语的正式性和严谨性。实际上，在汉语中也有很多这样的例子，比如我们说：
“这里的人真多啊！”这就是一个典型的口语化的表达方式，而如果用“人山人海”、“车
水马龙”、
“摩肩接踵”等词来形容人多就是写作的正式语言了。我们不妨看几个非正
式用语的句子：Parents have to get kids food and other stuff. 此句中的 kids 和 stuff 就
是两个非正式用语，如果改成：Parents have to provide children with food and other
necessities. 就是正式的写作用语了。再比如：People always say competitive sports are
totally cool. 此句中的 cool 以及这个句式都是属于比较口语化的，正式的表达应该改为：
It is always said that competitive sports benefit us in several important ways.
总之，要想在雅思考试中取得好成绩，就需要按照雅思考试的评分标准去准备。而对
于写作模板，建议考生把模板当作一种参考，潜心研究，多加积累，这样才能成就自己的
语言。

Day 2-4 第二章议论文
第一节审题
一、漏题和跑题
雅思写作首先是审题，一篇作文如果跑题，分数将会非常低。总的来讲，考生在审题
方面主要有两个问题：漏题和跑题。
1. 漏题
雅思写作有些题目比较长，考生们很容易会漏掉其中的某些重要信息。
下面请看 2011 年 4 月 16 日雅思写作学术类议论文的题目。
真题：Environmental problems are too big for individual countries and individual
persons to address. In other words, we have reached the stage where the only
way to protect the environment is at an international level. To what extent do
you agree or disagree with this opinion?
译文：环境问题对于单个的国家和个人来说太大，难以解决。换言之，我们已经到了这样
一个阶段，即保护环境的唯一方法就是在国际层面上解决。你在多大程度上同意或
不同意这种观点？
分析：题目中的关键词首先是 environmental problems（环境问题），涉及的主体是三
类：即 individual countries（单个的国家）、individual persons（独立的个人）、
international level（国际上）。当时参加此次考试的考生都注意到了题目中的 “the
only way to protect the environment is at an international level”，并以此为切入
点进行论述，这本来是对的，但不少考生却漏题了。考生们一般首先肯定国际合作
对环境保护的重要性，然后说这不是唯一（only）的途径，接下来的论述中就出现
了两类漏题的情况：第一类是论述了 individual countries（单个的国家）立足本国
国情，在环境保护中发挥了重要作用，第二类是论述了 individual persons（独立
的个人）在环境保护中应该怎样做及其意义。这两种情况就是漏题的典型例子，因
为文中提到了三类主体（国家、个人、国际合作），所以在论述的时候都要提及，
只论述其中的一类或两类主体，无论写得如何生动，也是漏题了。
下面再请看 2008 年 8 月 30 日雅思写作学术类议论文的题目。
真题：Some people believe that students should study in groups. Others think that
they should study alone. What are the benefits of studying in groups and
studying alone? Which way is more effective?
译文：一些人认为学生应该在小组中学习。另一些人认为他们应该独自学习。在小组中学
习和独自学习的好处是什么？哪种方法更有效？

分析：当年很多参加此次考试的考生都是主要分析了两种学习方法的好处，但结论是折中
式的。不幸的是，这道题目还有一问，那就是 Which way is more effective? 这一问
很明显地要求考生给出一个清晰的结论，否则就是漏题了。
2. 跑题
跑题一般是由于两种原因。
第一种情况：题目不难，但由于太紧张或太匆忙，想偏了并匆匆落笔，从而导致跑题。
真题：C ompetitiveness now is very important to the society; is competitiveness
positive or negative to the individual?
译文：竞争力目前对于社会很重要，喜好竞争对于个人的影响是积极的还是消极的？
分析：这道题论述的焦点集中在“喜好竞争对个人的积极和消极影响，并在论述积极影响
时肯定它对社会的重要性”。然而很多考生一看这道题目不长，而且是熟悉的话题，
就在匆忙间先入为主地把它理解为“要竞争还是要合作”。还有的考生写的是“竞
争和合作对社会及个人的作用”。可谓“差之毫厘，谬以千里”。
第二种情况：题目根本没有看懂，主要是对题目中关键词的理解出现了很大偏差，从
而跑题了。
下面请看 Cambridge IELTS 2 中 Test 3 的议论文题目。
真题：Without capital punishment (the death penalty) our lives are less secure and
crimes of violence increase. Capital punishment is essential to control violence in
society. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
译文：没有极刑（死刑），我们的生活就会缺少安全，暴力犯罪就会增加。死刑对于控制
社会中的暴力犯罪是必要的。在多大程度上你同意或不同意？
分析：这道题目中的关键词是 capital punishment（死刑），括号里的 death penalty（死刑）
是对 capital punishment 的解释。但很多考生望文生义，把 capital punishment
理解为“资本惩罚”、“罚款”。对于括号里的 death penalty，有的考生理解为“死
亡赔偿”，于是文章中心就写成了 “ 罚款 ”、“ 赔偿 ” 等 “ 经济惩罚 ” 措施对控制犯
罪的作用。可见，不能准确理解题目中关键词的意义，跑题就在所难免了。
二、审题三步走
全面、准确地理解雅思写作的题目是取得良好成绩的第一步。所谓 “ 磨刀不误砍柴
工 ”。在此建议考生将审题时间控制在 2 分钟之内，这样既可以保证审题精准，又不会耽
误写作的时间。下面向大家介绍审题的三个步骤：（1）明确题目类型；（2）判断问题数
量；（3）寻找关键词汇。
1. 明确题目类型
在第一章我们讲过，雅思写作议论文的题型主要分为两大类。
（1）辩论型题目 ARGUMENTATIVE（简称 AR）
辩论型题目包括：（1）给你一个观点，问你是否同意并说明原因；（2）给你两种观点
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或事物，问你支持哪一方；（3）讨论某件事情的优缺点。
辩论型题目有以下几种提问方式：
Do you think its advantages outweigh its disadvantages?
What do you think?
例如：2014 年 2 月 1 日的考试题目：Some people believe that the best way to produce
a happier society is to ensure that there are only small differences between the richest and the
poorest members. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 有些人认为，形成一个美好
社会的最好办法是确保最富有的人和最贫穷的人之间只有很小的差别。你在多大程度上同
意或不同意？
这类问题的主要特点是：考生在写作的时候必须表达自己的观点或倾向。这类题目不
能够用模棱两可的语言作为观点。
（2）解释型题目 ANALYSIS（简称 AN）
解释型题目是提出一个现在比较热门的问题，让你谈谈原因和解决方案。解释型题目
有以下几种提问方式：
What are the possible reasons and how to solve it?
What are the social and individual functions?
Please analyse the reasons and give your recommendations.
例如：2014 年 1 月 18 日的考试题目：Many children find it is difficult to concentrate
or pay attention at school. What are the causes and the possible solutions to this problem?
许多孩子发现在学校很难集中注意力。这个问题可能的原因和解决方案是什么？
这类题目的主要特点是：考生不需要提供自己的观点，因为往往题目是一种社会现
状，考生只需要进行分析和提出建议就可以了。
2. 判断问题数量
判断问题数量主要采用两种方法。
（1）根据标点符号的数量来判断
真题：Many young people choose to change their job after few years. What do you think are
the reasons? Do the disadvantages overweigh the advantages?
译文：很多年轻人选择几年后改变他们的工作。你认为原因是什么？缺点多于优点吗？
分析：通过对标点符号的认知发现，在题目主干后，有两个标点出现。其一，这种现象的
主要原因是什么（典型的 AN 类）；其二，优点和缺点是什么（典型的 AR 类）。
（2）根据题目中出现的连词来判断
真题：Many children find it is difficult to concentrate or pay attention at school. What are
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the causes and the possible solutions to this problem?

译文：许多孩子发现在学校很难集中注意力。这个问题可能的原因和解决方案是什么？
分析：在阅读问题时发现，虽然只有一个问号，但因为有 and，使得问题变为两个。其一，
孩子注意力不集中的原因（典型的 AN 类）
；其二，解决这个问题的办法（典型的
AN 类）
。
3. 寻找关键词汇
读题时，我们要寻找的关键词主要有两类。
（1）“名词”或“动名词”
寻找名词或动名词主要是为了明确写作范围。读题后，考生必须了解文章的话题是哪
方面的内容。通常题目中的“名词”或“动名词”能够清楚地揭示它。
真题：Some people argue that the purpose of zoos is only to entertain people. What
do you think? What are the other purposes of zoos?
译文：一些人认为动物园的目的仅仅是娱乐人们。你怎么认为？动物园的其他目的是什么？
分析：通过选取名词，可以发现 purposes of zoos（动物园的目的）就是这道题目的写作
范围。
（2）修饰限定词
在明确了写作范围后，我们还需要找出题目当中的修饰、限制词，如形容词或副词。
它们有时将会决定文章的写作方向和写作重点。
下面再请看 2010 年 2 月 6 日雅思写作学术类议论文的题目。
真题：Air travel only benefits the richest people, and the majority of the people take
no advantage from development of airplane. To what extent do you agree or dis-
agree?
译文：乘飞机旅行仅仅对最富的人有好处，大多数人无法从飞机的发展中获益。你在多大
程度上同意或不同意？
分析：题目中的 only 和 richest 是修饰限定词。很多考生由于忽略了这两个词，可能会将
文章写成“乘飞机旅行是否对人们有利”
。但是，从题目中我们可以看出，乘飞机
对富人有利已经被肯定，但它是否只对富人有利？考生只要写出乘飞机旅行对富人
也会有不利之处，而普通人也可以获益于乘飞机旅行，就切题了。
三、列提纲
经过平时的严格训练，在考场上审题的三个步骤所花的时间不会超过 2 分钟，在正
式动笔之前，还有一个最重要的步骤——列提纲。这是所有写作老师都反复强调，而考
生却总不愿意去做或忽略的一件事。不愿意列提纲的理由是大家总觉得 40 分钟的时间
太宝贵，恨不得从第一秒就开始拼命写。但是，如果没有整理好思路，一边想一边写的
结果是更加浪费时间，而且段落的发展越到后面就越混乱。在列提纲之初，肯定是先要
brainstorming，问题是很多考生 brainstorming 完了就以为自己观点思路清楚了。其实
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brainstorming 出来的很多点是有重复或者有因果关系的，如果以这些重复或有因果关系
的点作为段落的主题句，那么写到后面一定会有问题。所以，我们应该花一点时间整理一
下逻辑。
比如讨论出国留学的好处和坏处，大多数学生能想到下列几点：（1）得到更好的教
育；
（2）得到更好的工作；
（3）开阔眼界；
（4）文化交流；
（5）学习语言。而有些考生想
到了 1 和 2 就觉得自己有两个段落了，立刻开始动笔，写完第一个主体段，在开始写第二
个主体段的时候，突然发现其实得到更好的工作是更好教育的一个结果，如果要把这个段
落写清楚就得把第一段再重复一遍。其实这 5 个点，如果整理一下，我们可以发现，1 和
5 是并列的，2 是其结果。3 和 4 也同样是其另一方面的结果。这样 5 个点就变成了 2 个点，
每个点的论证也有了充分的论据，写起来就会很顺。
第二节论点的提出
对于辩论型的文章，一个清楚明确的论点是非常必要的，而论点的提出也有很多方法。
下面介绍雅思议论文写作中两种常用的提出论点的方法。
一、直接提出论点
直接提出论点常用到下面的句型：
（1） As far as I am concerned, .
在我看来，。
（2） As far as I am able to judge, .
我所能做的判断是，。
（3） As for me, .
在我看来，。
（4） As I see it, .
在我看来，。
（5） In my opinion, .
在我看来，。
（6） For my part, .
在我看来，。
（7） In my view/From my point of view, .
在我看来，。
（8） From my own perspective, .
在我看来，。
（9） I would point out that .
我要指出的是，。
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（10） I am convinced that .

我确信，。
（11） Speaking for myself, .
在我看来，。
（12） It seems quite clear to me that .
很显然，我认为。
二、评价引用观点
评价引用观点常用到下面的句型：
1. 题目中只有一个观点，说自己同意该观点
（1） I would go along with this point of view.
我同意这个观点。
（2） I would agree with this point of view.
（3） As far as I am concerned, this proposal seems both sound and well-grounded.
在我看来，这个提议既合理又有根据。
（4） As for me, I can share this point of view.
在我看来，我同意这个观点。
（5） I totally agree with this statement, and I will explain why this is the case.
我完全同意上述观点，我愿意解释为什么。
（6） To be frank, I agree with their opinion for the reasons below.
坦率地说，我同意他们的意见，原因如下。
2. 题目中只有一个观点，说自己不同意该观点
（1） I am against this point of view.
我不同意这个观点。
（2） I disapprove of this point of view.
（3） I am opposed to this point of view.
我反对这个观点。
（4） A
s far as I am concerned, however, this point of view seems a bit absurd and
ridiculous.
然而，在我看来，这个观点有点荒谬可笑。
（5） A scrutiny of these arguments would reveal how fallacious they are.
详细审查这些论点揭示出它们是多么的荒谬。
（6） B
ut as far as I am concerned, I can only disagree with the statement and the
reasons are given below.
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但是，我不同意上述观点，原因如下。
（7） A
gain, I would state my objection to this issue after analysing the following
three reasons.
在分析下面三个原因后，我反对此观点。
（8） I totally disagree with this statement, and I will explain why this is the case.
我完全不同意上述观点，我将解释为什么。
（9） However, I do not think that this view can hold water.
但是，我认为这个观点站不住脚。
（10） Carefully weighing in the mind, we can easily find how fallacious they are.
仔细考虑之后，我们极易发现它们是不合理的。
At the first thought, it may seem to be an attractive idea, but it does not bear
（11）
closer analysis.
乍一想好像是一个有吸引力的主意，但它经不起更深入的分析。
（12） To be frank, I cannot agree with their opinion for the reasons below.
坦率地说，我不能同意这个意见，原因如下。
3. 题目中有两个对立的观点，说自己同意前（后）一个观点
（1） Personally, I am in favour of the former（latter）point of view.
我个人更喜欢前（后）者的观点。
（2） S
peaking for myself, I could not agree more to/with the former（latter）opinion.
在我看来，我非常同意前（后）面的观点。
（3） F
or my part, I absolutely/wholeheartedly/totally/completely agree with/approve
of/consent to/am for/share/side with the former（latter）point of view.
在我看来，我完全同意前（后）一个观点。
（4） For my part, I would go along with the former（latter）point of view.
在我看来，我赞同前（后）面的观点。
第三节议论文的素材
一、确定素材的三种方法
拿到题目后，考生要迅速审题并确定素材，下面向大家介绍确定素材的三种最常用的
方法：分类法、反证法、扩展法。
1. 分类法
当题目的讨论范围过于宽泛或者抽象的时候，我们可以把讨论对象具体化，对其加以
分类，那么素材就比原来增加了一倍或几倍，这样我们发现可以写的内容也成倍地增加了。
需要强调的是，分类要尽可能科学、准确，否则有可能出现逻辑上的问题。
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下面请看 2011 年 4 月 28 日雅思写作学术类议论文的题目：

真题：Too much money has been spent in looking after and repairing old buildings;
therefore, we should knock down old buildings and build modern ones instead.
译文：我们已经在维护和修复老建筑方面花了太多的钱，因此，我们应该拆除老建筑，而
建设现代建筑。你在何种程度上同意或不同意这个观点？
分析：老房子包含的范围非常广泛，但仅从题目中所说的拆或者不拆的角度看，老房子明
显可以分成两大类：应该拆的和不应该拆的。
这样分类之后，我们就可以按照下面的结构和内容来写了：
第一段：介绍背景：现在城市里老房子很多，维护和修复费用很高；转述题目：人们主张
拆掉旧建筑，代之以新建筑；我的观点：不能一概而论，要区别对待。
第二段：提出一些老房子确实应该拆，分论点可以写两点：比如老房子不安全，或者没有
文化和历史价值。
第三段：另外一些老房子不能拆。这段可以写三个分论点：比如有特殊历史意义的老房子
（如故宫、天坛）、特殊的民居（如老北京四合院）、设计得非常漂亮的房子（对
现代建筑有参考价值的房子）等。
第四段：结论：有些老房子由于自身的原因和城市发展的需要必须拆掉，但是有特殊历史
意义和现实价值的老房子不仅不能拆，而且应该受到保护。
我们可以看出，把题目中的老房子分成应该拆的和不应该拆的两大类之后，在第二段
又用分类法把应该拆的分为两类，在第三段又把不应该拆的分为三类。可见，分类法可以
帮助我们快速准确地确定写作的素材，希望大家结合本书第二部分中的真题和范文掌握并
熟练运用。
2. 反证法
当我们发现题目中出现 only（唯一的）、all（所有的）或者 -est（形容词最高级）这
类词汇的时候，就可以用反证法。这三类词汇的共同点是它们的语气都很绝对，这样的命
题在逻辑上多半站不住脚。因为它们太绝对，所以想证明它们是对的就会很困难，而如果
想证明它们是错误的，就很简单，举出几个反例就行了。
真题：Some people argue that the purpose of zoos is only to entertain people. What do
you think? What are the other purposes of zoos?
译文：一些人认为动物园的目的仅仅是娱乐人们。你怎么认为？动物园的其他目的是什
么？
分析：要想证明动物园的目的仅仅是娱乐人们在逻辑上是有困难的，而要想证明它的目的
不仅限于此，我们只需找出另一种或几种更重要的目的就可以了。
用反证法的思路，我们就可以按照下面的结构和内容来写了：
第一段：介绍背景：现在城市里有很多动物园，里面有各种各样的动物；转述题目：人们
认为动物园的目的只是为了娱乐人们；我的观点：反对这种观点，因为动物园还
有其他更重要的目的。
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第二段：让步段：先承认动物园确实为人们带来很多娱乐。接下来举两个分论点支持就行，
比如人们可以来这里欣赏动物；另外，动物园景色秀丽，空气清新，也是人们休
闲健身的好场所。
第三段：举反例：证明动物园的目的不仅是为人们提供娱乐，还有更重要的目的。接下来
再举三个分论点来支持：比如保护濒临灭绝的动物，在自然环境恶化的情况下为
动物提供栖息地，促进稀有动物的繁殖和养育等。
第四段：结论：动物园不仅为人们提供娱乐，还有其他更重要的目的。
可见，用反证法，我们可以更客观、更全面地对题目加以论述。请大家结合本书第二
部分中的真题和范文掌握并熟练运用这种方法。
3. 扩展法
扩展法就是要求考生从多个角度扩展写作思路。能够多角度地扩展思路是雅思写作高
分的保证。那么我们该如何扩展思路呢 ? 下面以一个雅思高频写作题目：Do the benefits
of tourism outweigh the drawbacks? 为例，来看一下扩展法的应用。
Positives of tourism:
（1）从个人角度思考：
Tourism is a popular leisure activity.
Tourists can relax, have fun, experience different customs and cultures (sight-seeing,
visiting monuments, tasting new cuisine).
Travel opens our minds. It can broaden our horizons.
（2）从经济角度思考：
The tourist industry is vital for some countries.
People rely on tourism for their income.
Tourism attracts investment from governments and companies.
It creates employment due to demand for goods and services (hotels, entertainment etc.).
It helps to improve the standard of living.
Negatives of tourism:
（1）从环境角度思考：
Tourism can have a negative impact on the environment.
Excessive building (roads, hotels etc.) destroys natural habitats and spoils the
landscape.
Tourism creates pollution and waste.
It puts pressure on local resources such as food, water and energy.
（2）从文化角度思考：
Local traditions may be lost.
Traditional jobs and skills die out (e.g. farming, fishing).
Local people are forced to work in the tourist industry.
通过这几个不同的角度，我们就对这个雅思写作题目的思路进行了扩展，使大家在不
同的角度得到了不同的观点，进而写出不同的文章。
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其实，绝大多数雅思写作议论文的话题都可以通过以下几个方面进行扩展，现列举如
下：经济（economy）、就业（employment）、时间（time）、空间（space）、心理（psychology）、
生理（physiology）、环境（environment）、教育（education）、文化（culture）、科技
（technology）、情感（emotion）和个人权利（human right）。
在此，我们通过下面的例题来印证扩展法的实战性。
真题：Some people think tobacco should be made illegal in the same way as other
drugs because the products containing it are addictive. To what extent do you
agree or disagree with this opinion?
译文：一些人认为烟草应该被认定为非法，就像其他毒品一样，因为它里面包含的东西会
使人上瘾。你在多大程度上同意或不同意这种观点？
分析：通过审题，我们得知此题问的是是否同意认定烟草为非法。同意则要列举烟草的一
系列缺点，反之不同意，则要列举其优点。我们马上用扩展法来准备素材，当然不
是每一项都应用，但是大多数都是适用的。
Advantages:
经济：revenue-rising for the country and businessmen concerning this arena
就业：o ffering the opportunities of employment in various fronts, including
manufacturing, transporting, selling, governing, for residents
时间：killing the time
心理：relieving one’s pressure
文化：forming / shaping cigar culture
Disadvantages:
经济： money-consuming for smokers
生理： addictive to it, harmful to smokers’ health, leading to lung cancer
环境： air pollution，potential hazard of fire
空间： passive smoking / second-hand smoking
情感： overly-dependent on smoking
可见，用上述办法进行扩展，得出来的论据就很全面而且有条理。
下面我们再用 2009 年 7 月 23 日雅思写作学术类议论文的题目来做 brainstorming。
真题：Many people are optimistic about the 21st century and see it as an opportunity to
make positive changes to the world. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
译文：许多人对 21 世纪非常乐观，认为这是对世界做出积极改变的一个机会。你在何种
程度上同意或不同意这个观点？
分析：通过审题，此题无非就是问我们 21 世纪是利大于弊还是弊大于利，所以只要列举
21 世纪发展的优缺点就可以了。下面我们还通过之前介绍的扩展法来准备素材。
Advantages:
经济： economy being promoted, efficiency being increased
科技： advanced technology facilitating people’s life
时间： time-saving when conducting various kinds of activities
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个人权利：human rights being laid more emphasis on

心理： an increasing number of recreational activities to help people relieve from pressure
Disadvantages:
就业： growing population, fierce competition
心理： pressure coming from a range of aspects
环境： environmental pollution continuing getting worse
以上两个题目在确定素材时都运用了扩展法，可见其具有很强的适用性，能够帮助考
生在短时间内扩展话题的素材，而且比较全面。请考生一定要进行大量的练习，考试时才
能够做到信手拈来。
二、实战演练
在确定素材的三种方法中，分类法和反证法相对容易理解和快速掌握，请大家结合第
二部分的议论文历次考试真题和范文熟练运用这两种方法。扩展法有一定的难度，但应用
广泛，为了帮助大家熟练运用这一方法，下面为大家提供了 12 个热门的雅思议论文题目
的正反两方面的观点，帮助大家训练扩展答题思路。
1. Smoking
For: (means agree or advantages)
　（1）It is pleasurable and relaxing.
　（2）It is one’s right.
　（3）It is difficult to stop smoking.
　（4）It is an important source of tax revenue.
Against: (means disagree or disadvantages)
　（1）It is harmful to one’s health (e.g., heart disease, bronchial trouble, lung cancer ).
　（2）It is harmful to those nearby.
　（3）It is addictive (i.e., nicotine).
2. School Uniforms
For
　（1）They eliminate class differences.
　（2）They allow students to better concentrate on their studies.
　（3）They are popular with parents and administrators.
　（4）They are inexpensive.
　（5）They are attractive and neat.
　（6）They eliminate the need to choose what to wear every day.
Against
　（1）They are disliked by students (students like to primp).
　（2）They create a military mentality.
（3）They are an infringement on our freedom (different strokes for different folks).
　
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　（4）They are ugly and childish.

3. Legalised Gambling
For
　（1）It is a source of government revenue.
　（2）It is an old practice dating back thousands of years.
　（3）It is pleasurable (e.g., horse racing, casinos).
　（4）Many people play poker and mahjong.
Against
　（1）It can become addictive.
　（2）It can destroy happy families.
　（3）It can lead to suicide.
　（4）It is easily controlled by the Mafia (e.g., bookmakers ).
4. City Life
For
　（1）It is exciting.
　（2）It offers the best schools, hospitals, and stores.
　（3）It offers many entertainments (e.g., swimming pools, bowling alleys, and
sports stadiums ).
　（4）It offers many chances of employment.
　（5）Cities have an efficient public transportation system.
Against
　（1）It is unhealthy (e.g., water and air pollution in industry ).
　（2）It is not a good environment for children.
　（3）It is noisy and dangerous.
　（4）It makes people nervous.
　（5）Cities are overcrowded and expensive.
5. Informing Patients of Cancer
For
　（1）It is the patient’s right to know.
　（2）It is wrong to hide the truth.
　（3）It gives the patient a chance to plan his last days.
　（4）Doctors must do it (in some country like the U. S.).
Against
　（1）It is heartless and cruel.
　（2）It may make the patient give up.
　（3）It causes depression.
　（4）It can lead to suicide.
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6. Social Security
For
　（1）The state should help the poor, aged, unemployed, and sick.
　（2）The state should provide good health care for its citizens.
　（3）There will always be social misfits that need help.
　（4）All religions focus on charity.
　（5）All advanced countries have some form of social security.
Against
　（1）It costs too much.
　（2）It encourages laziness and destroys work ethic.
　（3）People should look after themselves.
　（4）It results in heavy taxes.
7. Coeducation
For
　（1）It is natural (i.e., adult society is not segregated ).
　（2）It gives men and women a chance to better understand one another.
　（3）It gives men and women a chance to compete with one another.
　（4）It has many practical advantages (e.g., school plays, music groups).
Against
　（1）Women do better academically in their own colleges.
　（2）Women are in college to get an education, not a husband.
　（3）It is still rare in some countries.
　（4）It robs women of their self-confidence.
8. Corporal Punishment
For
　（1）It works to control juvenile delinquency.
　（2）It makes children respect discipline.
　（3）It is a form of training.
　（4）It builds real character.
Against
　（1）It is not a civilised way.
　（2）Love is better than physical punishment.
　（3）It can cause psychological problems.
　（4）there is the saying: Violence begets violence.
9. Organ Transplants
For
　（1）They prolong life.
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　（2）They are supported by the medical profession.

　（3）Some critical patients want transplants in order to live.
Against
　（1）They are too expensive.
　（2）They are unnatural as seen by the body’s rejection.
　（3）They are often unsuccessful.
10. Compulsory Military Service
For
　（1）It aims to strengthen national defense.
　（2）It teaches young men discipline.
　（3）It builds character and physical fitness.
　（4）It teaches valuable skills.
　（5）It nurtures a spirit of comradeship and equality.
　（6）It offers opportunities for overseas travel.
　（7）It exists in many countries (e.g., Switzerland, Singapore).
　（8）It reduces unemployment.
　（9）It instills a sense of patriotism.
Against
　（1）It is unnecessary in view of today’s professional armies.
　（2）It is a step away from peace.
　（3）It is useless in today’s peaceful world.
　（4）Today’s armies do not need unskilled manpower.
11. Voluntary Euthanasia
For
　（1）It is a basic right—the right to die.
　（2）It allows one to die with dignity.
　（3）It allows one to choose the time and place of death.
　（4）It is painless.
　（5）It is the solution to a terminal illness with suffering.
Against
　（1）It is murder or suicide.
　（2）It is illegal in most countries.
　（3）Most doctors oppose it.
12. Books
For
　（1）It is an traditional medium.
　（2）It is easy to carry.
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　（3）It is conveniently read.

Against
　（1）It is not durable.
　（2）It has a low rate of updating.
　（3）It can’t be shared by people widely.
第四节必备词汇
一、11 大类常考话题词汇
通过对雅思写作历年考试真题和官方范文的研读，我们不难发现，雅思写作可能涉及
的词汇并非漫无边际，而是围绕科技、教育、工作、社会生活、犯罪、媒体、文化、动物、
环境、政府和旅游类话题等展开的。在语言表达方面，更多强调的是用词的准确和多变，
而不是考查用词的专业和难度。因此考生在备考的时候，可以按照相关话题进行词汇的梳
理，既可以是别人已经整理好的，也可以是自己从阅读各类话题范文中摘录出来的。这些
词汇有话题语境为背景，又加以合理归类，所以遗忘率会较低而利用率则较高。而对于话
题中的少数专业词汇，建议视时间和能力量力而行。可以明确，没有专业词汇，雅思写作
照样可以拿七分。
下面我们就按照考试的话题类别对一些重点词汇进行了总结归纳，在本书的第二部分
我们会通过大量的范文不断加深对这些词汇的印象并帮助大家熟练运用这些词汇。
1. 科技类话题
科学发明 scientific invention
尖端科学 advanced science
互联网的广泛使用 the proliferation of the Internet
对……产生深远的影响 exert a far-reaching impact on…
双刃剑 double-edged sword
翻天覆地的改变 earth-shaking changes
为未来的发展铺平道路 pave the way for the future development
为……打下良好的基础 lay a solid foundation for…
提高生产效率 augment/enhance productivity
提高效率 augment/enhance efficiency
里程碑 milestone
尖端设备 sophisticated equipment
科技创新 technical innovation
权宜之计 expediency
与……背道而驰的 antithetical
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过渡商业化的 over-commercialised
热烈的讨论 a heated discussion
灾难性的 disastrous
使……相形见绌 overshadow
引领 usher in
既快捷又舒适 speedy and comfortable
负面影响 opposite forces
致命故障 a fatal breakdown
潜在危险 potential hazards
对……构成威胁 pose a threat to…
促进相关产业发展 promote relative industries
加速 accelerate
可持续发展 sustainable development
使人们生活更方便 make people’s life easier
科学探索 scientific exploration
航空旅行 air travel
取代 substitute
克服困难 overcome difficulties
取得进步 make progress
民族自豪感 a sense of national pride
前所未有的 unprecedented
不断上升的 soaring
极大地推动了经济发展 give a great push to the economic growth
取得突破性进展 see dramatic breakthroughs
信息爆炸 information explosion/overload
使恶化 aggravate
优化 optimise
万能良药 cure-all solution
生物技术 biotechnology
克隆 clone
远程通信 telecommunications
尖端的技术 cutting-edge technology
信息时代 the information age/era
太空探索 space exploration
一个人的基因构成 one’s genetic makeup/one’s DNA programming
科技创新与发展 technological innovations/inventions/advances/progression
自动化 automation
彻底变革 transform/revolutionise/fundamentally change sth.
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以一种史无前例的速度向前发展 advance/progress at an unprecedented rate

以一种让人震惊的速度向前发展 advance/progress at an astonishing rate
以一种很快的速度向前发展 sth. advances by leaps and bounds
产生深远的影响 create profound influence
create = produce = generate = breed = spawn = result in = lead to
（其中，
profound = far-reaching = pervasive
influence = impact = bearing = implication）
2. 教育类话题
小学教育 primary-level education
中学教育 secondary-level education
大学教育 tertiary-level education
职业教育 vocational education/training
大学入学考试 University Entrance Examination
标准测试 a standardised test
高等教育 higher education
基本理论 fundamental theories
理解和分析能力 ability of comprehension and analysis
学习成绩 academic performance
上课 attend class
获取知识 acquire knowledge
抓住书的要点 grasp the gist of a book
平均分 average score
充分发挥 bring into full play
开阔视野 broaden one’s mind
扩大知识面 broaden one’s scope of knowledge
男女同校 co-education
体罚 corporal punishment
有助于个性的发展 facilitate the development of individuality
形成一个好的学习习惯 form a good habit of studying
培养能力 foster one’s capability
频繁重复 frequent repetition
在较好的环境中长大 grow up under more favourable circumstances
更好地掌握 have a better grasp of
使天生的想象力得到训练 have one’s innate powers of imagination trained
认清职业兴趣和目标 identify his/her career interests and goals
传授知识 impart knowledge
提高教学效果 improve teachers’ performance
在不同的学习阶段 in different learning stages
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差生 inferior students
强化责任感 intensify the sense of responsibility
培养竞争与合作精神 foster a sense of competition and cooperation
智商 IQ（intelligence quotient）
知识渊博的，有见识的 knowledgeable
取长补短 learn from each other’s strengths to offset their own weaknesses
远程教育 long-distance education
维持学习的延续性 maintain the continuity of learning
作出正确判断 make correct judgement
衡量教育质量 measure the quality of education
死记硬背 learn things by rote
死记硬背 memorise information mechanically
信息记忆 memorisation of information
智力发展 mental growth
良师益友，导师，指导者 mentor
导师 tutor
培养竞争意识 nurture a strong sense of competition
整体理解 overall comprehension
拥有明显优势 possess an apparent advantage over
为贫穷所困扰的学生 poverty-stricken students
实用的技巧和方法 pragmatic skills and methods
学前教育 preschool education
素质教育 quality-oriented education
接受必要的教育 receive adequate education
奖学金 scholarship/grant
校服 school uniform
危机感 sense of crisis
塑造性格 shape（mold）children’s character
知识的来源 source of knowledge
以学生为中心的教育 student-oriented education
教学大纲 syllabus
参加入学考试 take an entrance examination
从事兼职工作 take part-time jobs
教育工作者 teaching staff
独立学习的能力 the ability of studying independently
信息爆炸的时代 the age of information explosion
填鸭式的教学方法 the cramming method of teaching
最实用的方法 the most practical method
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最简单的方法 the simplest method

学费 tuition
陷入学费支付的忧虑中 get into the anxiety of tuition paying
发挥创造潜能 use one’s creative potential
在大学里重视他们的学习 value their study in college
适应性强 well-adapted
受过良好教育的 well-educated
过度宠爱 excessive permissiveness
为……负责 be held responsible for
承担义务 assume the obligation
责任感 the sense of responsibility
推卸责任 pass the buck（to）/ shirk one’s obligations
青少年（复数） youths/youngsters/adolescents
报答父母 repay one’s parents
人才 talented person
精英 elite
本科生 undergraduate
毕业生 graduate
研究生 postgraduate
博士 doctor
博士学位 doctorate
博士后的 postdoctoral
证书 diploma/credential
传授知识 impart/ inculcate knowledge
灌输高尚的道德观 instill high moral values（注意 values 复数表示价值观）
给学生以动力 give the students motivation to do sth. /motivate the students to do sth.
给学生以灵感 stimulate the students’ thought / give the students’ inspiration
培养（某种素质） cultivate/foster/nurture
促进学生身心的发展 promote the student’s physical /mental/ intellectual and emotional
development
心理健康 psychological soundness/ well-being/welfare
能力（先天获得） aptitude/talent
能力（后天学习得到） ability/skill
儿童接受的家庭教育 upbringing/ parenting
教学法 methodology/pedagogical methodology
用填鸭式教学来教育学生 force-feed the students
为了记忆而记忆 memorise for memorisation’s own sake
记忆方程式，公式，定理，定律 memorise equations, formulas, theorems and laws (nouns)
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应用 apply
盲从 follow something blindly/indiscriminately
限制创造力的发展 extinguish /stifle/constrain creativity
打击学生的积极性 dampen/sap the students’ enthusiasm/frustrate the students
产生不必要的压力 beget/ create undue pressure
把学生分开教育 segregate students
来自其他同学的压力 peer pressure
适应 adapt to sth./adjust oneself to sth./become accustomed to sth.
适应能力 adaptability
逆境 adverse circumstances/adversity
团队精神 team spirit
独立思考 think independently
在理解的基础上学习 learn things through understanding
鼓励学生用辩证的眼光看问题 encourage students to think critically
学生的反馈 students’ feedback/input
学生评价老师的教学 students appraise/evaluate their teachers’ performance
学生对老师所教知识的掌握 students’ grasp/command of what has been taught
学生学习的各门功课加在一起称为 curriculum
具体一门课 syllabus
课外活动 extra-curricular activities
不遵守纪律 indiscipline/misbehaviour/mischief
不遵守纪律的学生 disruptive/unruly students
理论知识 theoretical knowledge
计算机知识 computer literacy
就业技能 employable/marketable skills
通才 generalist
专才 specialist
全面发展的 well-rounded/versatile
为社会健康发展作贡献 contribute to societal well-being/welfare
人文学科 humanities（含文学、历史、语言学等）
社会学科 social sciences（含政治、经济学、社会学等）
艺术 arts（含音乐、雕塑等）
文科（总称） liberal arts/ liberal studies
理科（总称） sciences
工科 engineering（含工程、自动化等）
大学里任何一个学科都可以叫 discipline
基础科学 basic sciences
应用科学 applied sciences
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3. 工作类话题
灵活的时间安排 flexible scheduling
灵活的工作选择 flexible working options
追求职业目标 pursue one’s career goal
远程办公 telecommuting
工作时间表 work schedule
竞争力 competitiveness
尽责的，谨慎的 conscientious
在家庭和事业之间挣扎 juggling of family and career
野心勃勃的，雄心壮志的 ambitious
适应性 adaptability
使自己适应…… adapt oneself to …
繁荣 prosperity
对……不利 be disadvantageous to …
人才流动 flow of personnel
人才流动机制 mechanism of personnel flow
适者生存 survival of the fittest
成就感 a sense of accomplishment
潜能 potentiality
学习合作和妥协 learn to cooperate and compromise
对……印象很深 be deeply impressed with …
企业文化 company philosophy
灵活性 flexibility
竞争激烈的 competitive
舞台 arena
团队合作精神 team-work spirit
珍惜机会 treasure opportunity
收入颇丰 a fat salary
和谐的人际关系 a harmonious interpersonal relationship
物质待遇 material gains
光明的前途 promising future
光明的前景 bright prospect
一份具有挑战性的工作 a challenging job
转折点 turning point
与……息息相关 be closely related to …
出人头地 get advanced in the society
一份体面的工作 a decent job
升迁机会 chance of promotion
29
稳定感和满足感 stability and satisfaction

使技能不断更新 keep skills fresh and up-to-date
开阔视野 expand one’s horizon
平衡工作和生活 balance work and life
朝九晚五一族 from-nine-to-five
承担起自己的责任 shoulder/undertake one’s responsibility
提升自我 upgrade oneself
高收入工作 a well-paid job
创造性工作 creative work
迎接挑战 stand up to / meet the challenge
实现人生价值 realise the value of life
丰富一个人的社会阅历 enrich one’s social experience
培养自己的独立性和坚韧性 cultivate one’s independence and toughness
追求个人发展 seek for personal development
展示才能 display one’s talent
自我实现感 a sense of self-fulfillment
提升机会 promotion opportunity
满足某人个性化需求 meet one’s personalised needs
确定自己的角色 define one’s role
社会认可 social recognition
积累经验 accumulate experience
鼓舞人心的 inspiring
动机 motivation
工作狂 workaholic
工作环境 working environment
加班 work overtime
提高某人的能力 improve one’s capabilities
培养才智 develop one’s talents
理想的工作场所 ideal workplace
掌握人际交往技能 master interpersonal skills
生活节奏加速 the tempo/pace of life has accelerated
疲劳 fatigue
抑郁症 depression
失眠 sleeplessness/sleep-deprivation/insomnia
导致人与人之间疏远 create alienation between people
过于功利的 materialistic/mercenary/money-worshipping
追求最大限度利润 pursue maximum profit
交通堵塞 traffic jams/traffic congestions/gridlock（最后一个是不可数名词）
30
阻碍 impede/hinder/hamper/obstruct/inhibit
让人担心的 worrying/worrisome/disturbing/disquieting/disconcerting
危害，破坏 undermine/spoil/do a disservice to sth. /ruin/imperil/endanger/ jeopardise
危害，破坏 harm/damage/destruction/devastation
恶化 worsen /deteriorate
导致某种问题更加恶化 amplify /magnify /aggravate a problem
缓解 ease/alleviate/mitigate
在家上班 telecommute
休闲 leisure/recreation
享受 amusement and enjoyment
娱乐 entertainment/diversion
宽松的管理 laissez-faire management
运营成本 operating costs/overhead cost
招募 recruit
会导致效率降低的 counterproductive
劳动力资源 labor pool
4. 社会生活类话题
（1）城市发展
城市化 urbanisation
集中化 centralisation
不平衡 imbalance
从长远角度而言 in the long run
基础设施 infrastructure
繁荣发展的 booming
第三产业 tertiary industry
宁静 tranquility
税收 revenue
标志 hallmark
商业化 commercialisation
交通拥挤 traffic congestion
水短缺 water scarcity
环境污染 environmental pollution
过度工业化 over-industrialisation
过度拥挤 over-crowdedness
失业 unemployment
财富分配 wealth distribution
社会动荡 social instability
城市建设 urban construction
31
人口激增 population explosion

滋生犯罪 breed crimes
犯罪率上升 a rising crime rate
能源和资源消耗 drain of energy and resources
提供更多的就业机会 offer more job opportunities
快节奏的生活 a rapid pace of life
与压力有关的疾病 stress-related illnesses
高额生活费用 high cost of living
田园生活 pastoral life
阶级两极分化 class polarisation
社会福利 social welfare
给予……特殊关照 give special care to …
城市扩张 urban sprawl
便捷的交通工具 convenient transportation means
更好的医疗服务 better medical services
现代城市生活压力 pressure of modern life in city
易于患上…… be vulnerable to …
不好社交的 unsociable
熔炉 melting pot
处于……边缘 on the brink of …
归咎于…… put the blame on …
归因为…… be attributable to …
消费方式 ways of consumption
遭受重大损失 suffer heavy losses
面临着…… be confronted with…
恶性循环 vicious cycle
一种可行的措施 a feasible measure
优先考虑…… give priority to …
城市规划者 city planners
拆除 tear down
人文历史遗址 humane historical sites
保护文化遗产 preserve the cultural relics
蓝图 blueprint
摩天大楼 skyscrapers
高层写字楼 high-rise office buildings
城市建设 city construction
结构良好的 well-structured
驱动力 driving force
32
重建 reconstruct
破坏 destruct
建筑工业 architectural industry
制定出 map out
城市设计 city designing
有特殊审美价值的老房子 old building of special aesthetic values
有特殊历史意义的老房子 building of historic significance
民居 vernacular dwellings
让城市更美观 beautify the cities/better the cityscape
破旧的（房子） decrepit/rundown/rickety/dilapidated
拆除 tear down a building/demolish a building/raze a building/knock down a building
高楼 high-rise buildings
摩天楼 skyscrapers
城乡差距 the disparity between the city and the countryside
城市的 urban
乡村的 rural
搬迁 relocate
（2）城市交通
汽车工业 automobile industry
促进经济发展 boost the economic development
征税 levy the tax
现代化 modernisation
被视为是…… be viewed as …
对……担忧 / 关注…… be concerned about …
无污染燃料 pollution-free fuel
奢侈品 luxury
慢性铅中毒 chronic lead poisoning
使……充斥着 fill… with …
汽车普及 popularisation of cars
把重心放在…… lay more emphasis on…
遵守交通规则 observe traffic regulations
违反交通规则 break traffic regulations
遇上堵车 get stuck in traffic
上下班高峰时间 rush hour
缓解交通压力 ease the traffic pressure
行人 pedestrian
人行道 pavement
斑马线 zebra crossing
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超速行驶 overspeed
交通堵塞地区 bottleneck
制定出积极有效的法律 lay down effective laws
对……实施限制 impose restrictions on
目光短浅的 short-sighted
支柱产业 a pillar industry
充分利用 make full use of
公路网 road networks
限速 speed limits
提高生活质量 enhance the quality of life
付出惨痛的代价 pay a heavy price
促进相关产业发展 promote the development of relative industries
交通运输工程 traffic engineering
汽车拥有量 the number of cars people own
需要 call for
过度拥挤的 overcrowded
违规者 violator
交通事故 traffic accidents
令人头痛的事 headache
与……相冲突 conflict with
主要原因 major cause
被……所取代 be replaced by
为……提供便利 provide convenience for
电脑监控系统 computer monitoring system
缓解交通堵塞的压力 relieve the traffic congestion
加快车流量 accelerate the flow of traffic
交通法规 traffic law and regulation
5. 犯罪类话题
犯罪率上升 a rise in crime rate
犯罪 commit a crime
触犯法律 break/violate/flout/disobey the law
犯罪倾向 criminal tendency
网络犯罪 cybercrime
灾难性的错误 disastrous error
欺骗性的 deceptive
守法的公民 law-abiding citizens
遵守法律 abide by/comply with the law
34
青少年犯罪的增加 the rise of juvenile delinquency

暴力犯罪 violent crime
犯罪行为 criminal acts
罪行 offences/crimes/criminal acts
走上犯罪道路 embark on the criminal road
无法抵制的 irresistible
给某人造成心理创伤 traumatise someone
危害社会稳定和安全 endanger social stability and safety
对……有不良影响 have unhealthy and harmful effects on…
造成不可逆转的损失 cause irreversible damage
无视 disregard
受害者 victim
罪犯 criminal/offender/culprit/perpetrator
囚犯 inmate/convicts
从犯 accomplice/accessory/convict
初犯的人 first-time offender
惯犯 hardened criminals/habitual criminals
重罪 heinous crime/flagitious crime/felony
轻罪 petty crime/misdemeanor
再次犯罪 revert to crime
累犯 recidivist
抓捕 track down/hunt down/capture
创伤 trauma
憎恨社会 resent society/hold a grudge against society
执法部门 law enforcement agencies
牢房 cell
监禁 imprison/incarcerate someone
教育罪犯 educate/edify criminals
改造罪犯 reform/rehabilitate criminals
宽容的 lenient
有预谋的犯罪 premeditated crime
遏制猖獗的犯罪 curb/halt/check the rampant crimes
对……来说是一个巨大安慰 be a great comfort to somebody
6. 媒体类话题
大众媒体 mass media
娱乐 entertainment
新闻业 journalism
35
期刊 journal
最新消息 the latest news
独家新闻 exclusive news
新闻社 news agency
新闻封锁 news blockout
新闻审查 news censorship
新闻自由 freedom of the press
新闻报道 coverage
报道…… do reportage on …
上头条 hit the headlines
出版，发行 issue
报摊 newsstand
自由撰稿人 free-lancer writer
总编 chief editor
社论 editorial
值得报道的，有新闻价值的 newsworthy
晴雨表 barometer
舆论的晴雨表 the barometer of public opinion
直播 live broadcast
智力竞争节目 quiz show
游戏节目 game show
综合节目 variety show
脱口秀 talk show
肥皂剧 soap opera
电影明星 movie star
影帝 movie king
影后 movie queen
绯闻 affair
名人 celebrity
声名鹊起 rise to fame
侵扰了……的隐私 invade one’s privacy
误导性的 misleading
欺骗性的 cheating
知名度 popularity
丑闻 scandal
轰动的 sensational
普遍的，流行的 prevalent
重要的，必要的 imperative
36
收视率 audience ratings

宣传 propaganda
受……诱导 be abducted by
净化心灵 purify one’s soul
生活在一个虚拟的世界中 live in a virtual world
满足不同口味 meet different tastes
给……提供…… provide somebody with something
盲目追逐时尚 follow the fashion blindly
对……来说是难以想象的 be inconceivable to somebody
给人印象深刻的 impressive
知情权 right to know
打着……的幌子 in the disguise of …
信息时代 information era
使人们了解 keep one informed about something
观众 audience/viewers
信息爆炸的社会 information-explosion society
有影响的 influential
彻底改变了我们获取信息的方式 revolutionise the way we acquire information
各种各样激动人心的节目 various thrilling programmes
低质量节目 poor-quality programmes
夸张 exaggerate
令人享受的 enjoyable
时尚的 fashionable
了解到……；接触到…… be exposed to…
进入千家万户 find its way into every family
地球村 global village
沉溺于…… be indulged in…
对……上瘾 be addicted to …
被……所吸引 be fascinated by …
依赖…… be dependent on …
二手信息 second-hand information
误入歧途 go astray
制造交谈话题 create topics of discussion
批判性思维 critical thinking
有力的交流工具 powerful means of communication
有诱惑力的 tempting
相互了解 mutual understanding
感情交流 exchanges of feelings
37
感情纽带 emotional bond

加强家庭纽带关系 strengthen family ties
与现实隔绝 be detached from reality
明辨是非 distinguish right from wrong
有教育意义的 edifying
电视迷 couch potato
对……有害 be harmful to …
模仿 imitate
难以形容的 inexpressible
身心健康 physical and mental health
激发某人的想象力和创造力 stimulate one’s imagination and creativity
不健康的生活方式 unwholesome lifestyle
大量的信息 a great deal of information
侵犯隐私 violate/intrude on/infringe on someone’s privacy
破坏某人的名誉 tarnish/sully/smear/besmirch one’s reputation
狗仔队 paparazzi（复数名词，不再加 s）
新闻界 the press
印刷媒体（如报纸、杂志） the print media
报道新闻的机构 news outlets
电子媒体 the electronic media
名人 a celebrity/celebrities
时事 current affairs
丑闻 scandals
无处不在的 prevalent/ubiquitous/pervasive
审查 censor
删除 delete/eliminate/excise
过多的暴力与色情内容 excessive/gratuitous violent and pornographic contents
报道非常详尽的细节 report sth. in graphic detail
媒体炒作 media hype
有误导性的 misleading /distorted
诈骗性的 fraudulent
虚假的 false/bogus
夸大事实 exaggerate things/sensationalise things
充斥着 be awash with/be inundated with/be saturated with sth.
掩盖（丑闻或罪行等） cover up/gloss over/whitewash
不客观的，不公正的 biased/skewed
如实的报道 factual accounts
道德准则 code of ethics/code of conduct
38
可信的 reliable/trustworthy/dependable
客观公正的 objective and balanced
及时的 up-to-the-minute/up-to-date（前者比后者更加及时）
信息量大的 informative
娱乐性强的 entertaining
监督 scrutinise/monitor
揭露 expose/reveal
7. 文化类话题
文化视角 cultural insight
了解世界 learn about the world
一种令人激动的经历 a thrilling experience
抽象的 abstract
具体的 concrete
使……感动落泪 move somebody to tears
得到放松和娱乐 get relaxed and entertained
场所 venue
有其自己的价值 has its own value
灵感 inspiration
知识面 scope of knowledge
传播知识 spread knowledge
永恒的艺术作品 lasting artistic works
抛弃传统 break with old customs
代代相传 pass down from generation to generation
倡导新的生活方式 advocate the new lifestyle
娱乐 entertainment
与……不同 be different from …
直接经验 direct experience
共识 echo
满足心理需求 satiate people’s psychological demands
更重视…… attach more importance to …
精神升华 spiritual enhancement
是……的一面镜子 a mirror of …
决定性因素 determinant factor
使……相形见绌 eclipse
有助于…… contribute to …
一种惬意的感觉 a sense of cool and satisfaction
消遣，娱乐，爱好 pastime
培养想象力 nurture imagination
39
沉思 meditation
永恒的精髓 an essence of immortality
有启发性的 instructive
熏陶，启迪 edification
引发某人对某事的好奇心 arouse one’s curiosity about something
丰富某人知识 enrich one’s knowledge
知识的价值 value of knowledge
文化差异 cultural differences
时光飞逝，艺术永恒 Time is fleeting and art is long.
文化多元化 cultural diversity
文化宝藏 cultural treasure
跨文化交流 cross-cultural communication
文化重建 cultural reconstruction
精神文明 spiritual civilization
遗产 heritage
艺术成就 achievements of art
结晶 crystallisation
视觉享受 visual enjoyment
美化我们的生活 beautify our life
人类文明 human civilisation
文化摇篮 cradle of culture
主流文化 mainstream culture
文化传统 cultural traditions
民族自豪 national pride
风土人情 local customs and practices
吸引人们的眼球 attract people’s eyes
艺术品味 artistic taste
与……有密切关系 be closely interrelated with…
坚持传统 adhere to the tradition
弘扬 carry forward
文化需求 cultural needs
维护世界和平 maintain world peace
艺术反映 artistic reflection
宣传 give publicity to
民族特性和价值观 national identity and value
消除偏见和误解 remove prejudice and misunderstanding
象征 symbol
艺术水准 artistic standards
40
广受欢迎 enjoy great popularity

文化退化 cultural devolution
一种可以通用的语言 a lingua franca/a universal language/a global language
英语被广泛使用 the proliferation of English
英语的统治地位 the dominant role/the ascendancy/the hegemony of English
方言 dialect/vernacular/the indigenous language
小语种将会消亡 lesser-known language will become extinct/obsolete
小语种的消亡 the extinction/demise of lesser-known languages
有形的文化遗产 tangible cultural heritage
历史遗址 historic sites
无形的文化遗产 intangible cultural heritage
风俗 customs
习俗 rites
礼节和道德观念 rituals and mores
保护 preserve
祖先 forefathers/ancestors
后代 descendants/posterity（posterity 是不可数名词）
少数民族 ethnic minorities
民族团结 the harmony between ethnic groups/races
文化融合 cultural integration and synthesis
互相影响 interaction
文化多元性 cultural diversity
丰富 enrich
狭隘的观念 insular/provincial/parochial/mentality
贬低 deprecate/denigrate/minimise the importance of /disparage/trivialise/discredit
某事不是一成不变的 sth. is not set/carved in stone
8. 动物类话题
活体解剖 live autopsy
活体解剖 vivisection
在动物身上做试验 perform experiments on animals
用于实验的动物 test animals
被迫接受试验 be subjected to experiments
动物权利 animal rights
临床研究 clinical research
残忍的 cruel
极端主义者 extremist
医学研究 medical research
物种起源 origin of species
41
替代的方法 alternative method

生物多样性 biological diversity
自然平衡 natural balance
生态平衡 equilibrium of ecosystem
共存 coexistence
濒危动物 endangered animals
物种多样性 diversity of species
令人羞愧的 shameless
野蛮的 barbaric
活着就是与万物共存 live and let live
没有意义的 meaningless
优势物种 dominant species
实验室 laboratory
疫苗 vaccine
践踏 infringement
生存权 right to live
折磨 torture
反科学的 anti-science
危及生命的疾病 life-threatening diseases
科学成果 scientific gains
一个永恒的主题 an ever-lasting theme
进化 evolution
电脑模拟 computer simulation
没有理由的 groundless
人道的 humane
医疗技术 medical technology
解剖 anatomy
不可靠的 unreliable
恶心的，厌恶的 be sick at
用动物试药 experimenting on animals for medical purposes
禁止 prohibit / ban
在极度痛苦中结束生命 end their lives in extreme sufferings
拥护者 defendant
不可避免的 unavoidable/inevitable
处于巨大的风险中 be placed at great risk
虐待家养动物 abuse domestic animals
吃素 go on a vegetarian diet
野蛮，残酷，有违人性 barbaric, cruel, and against humanity
42
侮辱 indignity
对它们基本权利的厚颜无耻的侵犯 brazen violation of their basic rights
做配方 formulate
药物的副作用 side-effects of drugs
设计人性的方法 devise humane methods to
最大限度减少动物所受的痛苦 minimise suffering of animals
9. 环境类话题
节能的 energy-saving
不可再生资源 non-renewable resources
二氧化碳 carbon dioxide
污染性物质 pollutant
废物处理 waste disposal
废气 exhaust gas
交通方式 means of transportation
交通工具 transportation tools
能源危机 energy crisis
能源消耗 depletion of resources
环保的能源 environmentally-friendly resources
电磁辐射 electromagnetic radiation
可替代燃料 alternative fuel
对健康构成威胁 pose a threat to health
供应不足 be in short supply
化学污染物 chemical pollutant
节水的习惯 water-saving habit
水的分布 distribution of water
水资源保护 water conservation
水资源短缺 water shortage
饮用水 drinking water
有害物质 hazardous material
在危险中 at risk
被耗尽 be exhausted
城市垃圾 urban garbage
达到高效 achieve high efficiency
现场处罚 on-the-spot fine
对环境不利 be unfriendly to the environment
环境恶化 environmental degradation
火灾隐患 a fire hazard
垃圾的回收和处理 litter collection and disposal
43
垃圾分类 garbage classification

破坏环境 ruin the environment
提高大众的环保意识 promote the public awareness of environmental protection；
arouse people’s awareness of environmental protection
采取强有力的措施 take stronger and harsher measures
有限资源 finite resource
认识不够 lack adequate awareness
补救性措施 remedial measure
急性病 acute disease
慢性病 chronic disease
人口密集的 densely-populated
有益健康的 conductive to good health
致命的疾病 fatal disease
广泛地采用 be used intensively
想出一个可行的解决方法 figure out a feasible solution
一个公认的事实 a generally acknowledged fact
使某事成为当务之急 make something a top priority
生态系统 ecosystem/ecological system
某一地区所有植物的总称 the flora
某一地区所有动物的总称 the fauna
某一地区所有生物的总称 the wildlife in a region/the biota (flora+fauna) of a region
生物多样性 biodiversity
生态平衡 ecological balance/ecological equilibrium
可持续发展 sustainable development
环保主义者 environmentalist/conservationist
对环境无害的 environmentally-friendly
节约使用 conserve
保护 preserve
再利用 reuse/recycle
肥沃的土壤 fertile soil
贫瘠的土壤 infertile soil
耕地 arable land/farmland
增加农产品产量 boost crop yield
开采自然资源 exploit natural resources
短缺 shortage/scarcity/dearth/lack
10. 政府类话题
规范，管理 regulate/administer/oversee
实施 implement
44
立法 legislate/make laws
民主与开放的政府 a democratic and progressive government
选举 election
当局 authorities
老百姓 citizens/the citizenry
投票 cast a ballot
选举程序 electoral procedures
选举大会 election meeting / electoral meeting
选民 voter / elector
决定性竞选 runoff
当选 be elected
公开投票 open vote
被选举权 right to be elected
补缺选举 by-election (UK) / supplementary election (US)
不记名投票 secret vote / anonymous ballot
差额选举 competitive election
严禁 strictly prohibit/ban altogether
严格的法律 stringent laws/legislation
规章制度 rules and regulations
为……拨款 allocate money to/subsidise/be a patron of/invest in/finance/dedicate
money to
预算 budget
税收 tax revenue
政府在某方面的开支 government spending/expenditure on sth.
削减 curtail
增加 augment
把……当成当务之急 give priority to sth.
人道主义救援 humanitarian aid
军备竞赛 arms race
自卫 self-defence
扩张，侵略 expansion/aggression
谋求霸权 seek/pursue hegemony
恶性循环 a vicious circle
地区不稳定因素 destablising factors
太空竞赛 space race
武器 weapons/arms/armaments
下岗工人 laid-off workers/downsized workers
失业 unemployment/joblessness
45
基础设施 infrastructure
公共交通系统 public transport system
电网 power grid
石油和天然气管道 pine lines
给排水系统 water supply and drainage system
人口爆炸 population explosion/population boom
控制人口 birth control/family planning
贫穷的 needy/poverty-stricken/impoverished/deprived/destitude/indigent
富裕的 affluent/wealthy/well-off
扶贫 poverty alleviation
11. 旅游类话题
旅游景点 tourist attractions/tourist spots/places of interest
开阔眼界 push back/expand one’s vision/horizons
游客与当地人的互动 tourists can interact with the locals
促进文化交流 promote cultural communication
吸引 draw/attract/appeal to /be a magnet for somebody
亲身体验 first-hand experience
多种感官体验的（如听觉、触觉等） multi-sensory
相互了解 mutual understanding
把游客和当地人隔离 seclude/isolate the tourists from the locals
商业化 commercialise
商品 commodity
欺骗游客的手段 tourist traps
冲突 conflict with
争端 discord/dissension
间接体验（如通过电视或互联网） second-hand experience
文化遗产 cultural heritage
互联网不会让旅游业过时。 The Internet will not render tourism obsolete.
以上就是雅思写作学术类议论文 11 大类话题经常涉及的高频词汇，不是很多，但都
是大家可以在写作中经常用到的高分词汇。大家可以在平时练习的过程中多多运用这些
词汇。
二、常用同义词替换 100 组
雅思写作和其他考场作文一样，受考查形式的制约，其评判本身存在一定局限性。换
句话说，考官并不了解考生真实的写作能力，或者具体词汇量的大小，他只能根据这几百
个单词的文章来进行判断，所以从应试的角度来说，词汇量相对有限的考生只要使文章中
的词汇 “ 显得比较丰富 ” 就可以了。
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雅思写作有很多时候需要在一篇文章中两次甚至多次表达同一个意思，但是，如果每
次都用同一个词，就显得词汇量太少了，所以对于一些重点的经常会用到的词汇，我们需
要记忆一些它们的替换词汇，以免在表达的时候会有 “ 词穷 ” 的状况出现。
1. important = crucial = significant
2. common = universal = ubiquitous
3. abundant = ample = plentiful
4. stick = adhere = cling
5. neglect = ignore
6. near = adjacent = adjoin
7. pursue = seek
8. accurate = precise = exact
9. vague = obscure
10. top = peak = summit
11. competitor = rival = opponent
12. blame = condemn
13. opinion = perspective = standpoint
14. fame = prestige = reputation
15. build = erect = establish
16. insult = humiliate
17. complain = grumble
18. primary = radical = fundamental
19. relieve = alleviate
20. force = coerce into
21. enlarge = magnify
22. complex = intricate
23. lonely = solitary
24. small = minuscule = minute
25. praise = extol = compliment
26. hard-working = assiduous
27. difficult = arduous
28. poor soil = barren = infertile
29. fragile = brittle = vulnerable
30. show = demonstrate
31. big = massive = tremendous
32. avoid = shun
33. fair = impartial
34. attack = assault = assail
35. dislike = abhor = loathe
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36. ruin = devastate

37. impact = implications = ramifications
38. tackle = address = resolve = combat
39. always = invariably
40. forever = perpetual
41. surprise = startle = astound = astonish
42. enthusiasm = zeal = fervency
43. quiet = tranquil = serene
44. expensive = exorbitant
45. luxurious = lavish = sumptuous
46. boring = tedious
47. respect = esteem
48. worry =fret
49. cold = chilly = icy
50. hot = boiling
51. dangerous = perilous = hazardous
52. nowadays = currently
53. only = unique = distinctive
54. stop = cease
55. part = component
56. result = consequence
57. obvious = apparent = manifest
58. based on = derived from
59. enhance = improve
60. quite = fairly
61. pathetic = lamentable
62. field = domain
63. appear = emerge
64. whole = entire
65. wet = moist = damp = humid
66. wrong = erroneous
67. difficult = formidable
68. change = convert
69. typical = quintessential
70. careful = cautious = prudent
71. ability =capacity = capability
72. strange = eccentric
73. rich = affluent
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74. use = utilise

75. dubious = skeptical
76. satisfy = gratify
77. short = fleeting = ephemeral
78. scholarship = fellowship
79. angry = enraged
80. smelly = malodorous
81. ugly = hideous
82. attractive = appealing = absorbing
83. diverse = miscellaneous
84. disorder = disarray = chaos
85. crazily = frantically
86. rapid = meteoric
87. ordinary = mundane
88. despite = notwithstanding
89. best = optimal
90. sharp = acute
91. unbelievable = inconceivable
92. puzzle = perplex
93. method = avenue
94. famous = distinguished
95. ancient = archaic
96. decorate = embellish
97. possible = feasible
98. so = consequently = accordingly
99. rare = infrequent
100. greedy = rapacious
三、常用短语 80 个
短语在雅思写作中的应用非常广泛，下面这 80 个短语是大家在雅思写作的过程中会
经常用到的，这里对于某些特殊的短语不仅给出了中文含义，而且列出了它们的同义词，
非常实用。
1. for the benefit of 为了……的利益（好处）
2. benefit from 受益，得到好处
3. for the better 好转
4. to begin with = first of all 首先，第一
5. on behalf of = as the representative of 以……的名义
6. believe in = have faith or trust in = consider sth./sb. to be true 相信，依赖，信仰
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7. get the better of = defeat sb. 打败，胜过

8. in addition to… 除……之外
9. on（the/an）average 平均，一般来说
10. on the basis of… 根据……，在……的基础上
11. at (the) best 充其量，至多
12. blame sb. for sth. = blame sth. on sb. 把……推在某人身上
13. be capable of being 是能够被……的
14. in brief 简言之
15. in bulk 成批地 , 不散装的
16. by chance 偶然，碰巧
17. in charge of… 主管……
18. be busy with sth. 忙于某事
19. last but one 倒数第二
20. but for (=without) 要不是（表示假设）
21. buy sth. for…money 用多少钱买某物
22. in no case 决不
23. in any case 无论如何
24. in case = for fear that 万一
25. in case of = in the event of 如果发生……，万一
26. in the case of 至于……，就……而言
27. be cautious of 谨防
28. centre one’s attention on = focus one’s attention on 把某人的注意力集中在……上
29. be certain of = be sure of 有把握，一定
30. for certain = for sure 肯定地，有把握地
31. on account of 因为，由于
32. in common 共用，共有，共同
33. in conclusion 最后，总之
34. on condition that 在……条件下
35. in connection with/to 关于
36. in consequence 因此，结果
37. in consequence of… 由于……的缘故
38. on the contrary 反之，正相反
39. in contrast with/to… 与……成对照
40. under control 被控制住
41. at all costs 不惜任何代价
42. at the cost of… 以……为代价
43. in the course of… 在……过程中，在……期间
44. in detail 详细地
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45. in difficulties 处境困难

46. at all events 无论如何
47. in any event 无论如何
48. in effect 实际上
49. with the exception of… 除……之外
50. in the face of… 面对……，不顾……
51. in favour of… 有利于……，赞成……，支持……
52. in general 通常，大体上
53. at heart 在内心，实质上
54. in honour of… 为纪念……；向……表示敬意
55. at intervals 不时，时时
56. at length 终于，最后 , 详细地
57. at a loss 困惑，不知所措
58. by all means 无论如何，必定
59. by means of… 借助于……；用……
60. by no means 决不
61. by mistake 错误地
62. in nature 本质上
63. on occasion 有时，不时
64. in particular 特别地，尤其，详细地
65. in the first place 起初，首先
66. in the last place 最后
67. in practice 实际上
68. at present 目前，现在
69. in proportion to… 与……成比例
70. for（the）purpose of… 为了……
71. on purpose 故意，有意
72. at random 随意地，任意地
73. at any rate 无论如何，至少
74. by reason of… 由于……
75. with/in regard to… 对于……，就……而论
76. with respect to… 关于……
77. even though 尽管
78. in general = by and large 一般来说
79. in terms of 在……方面
80. as a matter of fact 事实上
上面的 80 个雅思写作常用短语几乎可以应用到各种雅思写作话题当中，所以大家在平时
的写作练习中还是要注意积累这样的短语来增加自己的写作闪光点，争取拿到更高的分数。
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四、常用插入语 40 个
插入语是雅思写作中经常会用到的，因为插入语的作用非常广泛，可以表示顺接、转
折和强调等语气，而且会使文章看起来句式多变，结构更加清晰。
1. indeed 的确
2. surely 无疑
3. however 然而
4. obviously 显然
5. frankly 坦率地说
6. naturally 自然
7. luckily for sb. 算某人幸运
8. fortunately/luckily 幸好
9. honestly 真的
10. briefly 简单地说
11. strange to say 说也奇怪
12. needless to say 不用说
13. most important of all 最为重要的是
14. in a word = in sum = in short 简而言之
15. in other words 换句话说
16. in a sense 在某种意义上
17. in general 一般说来
18. in my view 在我看来
19. in conclusion 总之
20. in summary 概括地说
21. in fact 事实上
22. in the first place 首先
23. in addition 此外
24. of course 当然
25. to my knowledge 据我所知
26. for instance（example）例如
27. as a matter of fact 事实上
28. strictly speaking 严格地说
29. generally speaking 一般地说
30. judging from… 根据……判断
31. to be sure 无疑
32. to sum up 概括地说
33. to tell the truth 老实说
34. I am sure 我可以肯定地说
35. I believe 我相信
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36. I wonder 我不知道

37. that is 也就是说
38. it seems 看来是
39. as I see it 照我看来
40. what is important（serious）重要（严重）的是
五、常用逻辑关系信号词 6 组
1. 表示转折或者对比关系的信号词
after all 毕竟
all the same 仍然
although 虽然
but 但是
by contrast 相比之下
compared with 与……相比
conversely 相反地
despite 尽管
even if 即使
even though 即使
for all 尽管
however 然而
in comparison with 与……比较
in contrast to 相比之下
in despite of 尽管
in fact 事实上
in spite of 尽管
instead of 替代，代替
just as 正如
nevertheless 然而，不过
nonetheless 尽管如此，不过
notwithstanding 虽然，尽管
on the contrary 相比之下
on the other hand 另一方面
or else 否则
otherwise 否则
provided 倘若
rather 宁愿，宁可
still 仍然
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though 虽然，可是
virtually 事实上，实质上
whereas 然而，但是
while 然而
yet 尚，且
2. 表示顺序或者序列关系的信号词
after 在……之后
afterward 然后，后来
before 在前，以前
between 在……之间
eventually 最后，终于
finally 最后，终于
first 首先，最初
first of all 首先
firstly 第一，首先
for one thing 其一
for another 其二
in the first instance 首先，起初
in the first place 首先，起初
in the second place 其次
last but not least 最后但并非不重要
meanwhile = meantime 其间，其时
next 下一次，其次
second 另一个；第二
secondly 第二，其次
subsequently 后来，随后
then 当时，在那时，然后，于是
third 第三
thirdly 第三
to begin with 首先
until 到……为止，在……以前
3. 表示列举或者增补关系的信号词
a (good) case in point to illustrate… is… 阐明……的一个很好的例子就是……
accordingly 因此，从而
again 又，再
also 也，也是
and 和
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as well as 和……一样

besides 除此之外（还有）
both … and 两个都……
either 两者之一
equally important 同等重要
even 甚至
finally 最后
for example 例如
for instance 例如
for one thing 首先，一则
furthermore 而且，此外
in addition to that 此外
in addition 此外
in particular 尤其
in the same way 同样地
like 像，如同
likewise 同样地
moreover 而且，此外
namely 即，那就是
next 接下来
not only ... but also 不但……而且……
one more thing 此外
particularly 特别地，尤其
similarly 相似地，类似地
still 还，仍
such as 例如
that is to say 也就是说
together 共同，一起，合起来
together with 和，加之
what’s more 而且
4. 表示解释或者强调关系的信号词
above all 最重要，首先
absolutely 绝对地
actually 事实上，实际上
another way of saying 换句话说
approximately 大约，可能
as a matter of fact 事实上
certainly 的确
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chiefly 首要，主要地
equally 同样地，相同地
especially 特别；尤其
i.e. 也就是
in other words 换句话说
in particular 特别地；尤其
in practice 在实践中，实际上
indeed 真正地，确实
mainly 主要地
most important 最重要的
namely 即，也就是
of course 当然
primarily 主要地
probably 大概，或许
refer to 提到，提及
specially 特地；专门地
strikingly 突出地，显著地
surely 的确
surprisingly 惊人地，出人意料地
that is to say 那就是说
5. 表示因果关系的信号词
accordingly 因此，从而
aftermath 结果，后果
as 因为
as a result 结果
because（of）因为
by reason of 由于，因为
cause 因为
consequently 结果
contribute to 导致，有助于
due to 由于
for 因为，因此
for another 另一方面
for as much as 由于，既然
for one thing 一方面
for this reason 因此
hence 因此
in other words 换言之，换句话说
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in respect that 因为……，鉴于……

lead to 导致
owing to 由于
result in 导致
since 既然，因为，由于
so 所以
thanks to 由于
that’s why … 正是因为……
the reason why … ……的原因
thereby 因此，从而
therefore 所以，因此
thus 如此，因此
6. 表示归纳或者结论性关系的信号词
accordingly 根据
admittedly 无可否认地，确实
all in all 总而言之
altogether 总而言之，总的来说
anyhow 无论如何，总之
anyway 无论如何，总之
as a result 结果
consequently 结果
eventually 最终
finally 最终，最后
finally to sum up 最后得出结论
hence 因此，从此
in balance 总而言之
in brief 简言之
in conclusion 最后 , 总之
in short 总之
in sum 总之
in summary 总之
in that case 既然那样
lastly 最终，最后
lastly to conclude 最后得出结论
on all accounts 无论如何，总之
on balance 总而言之
on the whole 总之
overall 总的说来，大体上
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so 所以
then 然后 , 接着 , 此外还有
thereby 因此 , 由此 , 从而
therefore 因此，所以
thus 因此，从而
to conclude 总之
to put it in a nutshell 总之
to sum up 总之，总结
to summarise 总之，总结
六、用三种方法表达不会的词汇
在雅思考试的紧张气氛中，很多人都曾经有过忘词的经历。有时越想要表达，就越找
不到合适的词语。这个时候就需要一些应急的措施来渡过这个不大不小的难关了。那么如
何表达不会的词汇呢？下面介绍三种写作技巧，供大家参考。
方法一：反义正解
比如这句话：他是个勤劳的人。这句话中的“勤劳 diligent”可能很多考生不会拼写，
但它可以通过反义正解的方法来表达。比如：他不是懒惰的人 = 他是个勤劳的人。“懒惰”
这个单词大家都知道是 lazy，所以 not lazy=diligent。
可能大家觉得这个例子比较简单，我们可以看这句话：在现在的生活中，压力是不可
避免的。“不可避免”对应的英文单词有：inevitable，unavoidable 和 indispensable 等，
这些单词基本都是 6 级词汇，对于高中生来说是比较难背的。但通过反义正解，不可避免 =
必要 / 必需的，所以 inevitable = necessary，这句话就很好表达了。
再比如这个例子：父母经常忽视孩子的成长。“忽视”一般译为 neglect/ignore。忽视 =
不重视，所以，neglect = not pay much attention to“父母经常不重视孩子的成长”。这
句话就可以表达为：Parents often do not pay much attention to the growing of their
children.
方法二：具体解释
大家可能在电视节目上看到过“我来比划你来猜”的节目，其实就是对词语的具体解
释。这个方法也可以运用在雅思写作中。
比如“政府应该向难民提供资助”这个句子中的“资助”译为 sponsor/subsidise，
“难
民”译为 refugee。这两个单词都属于 6 级词汇，如果用具体解释的方法，则：资助 =
金钱上的帮助（financial help）；难民 = 遭受灾难的人（the people who suffered from
disaster）。
这样，上面的句子就可以很容易地表达出来：
The government should provide financial support/help for the people who suffered
from disaster.
再通过几个例子练习一下。
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例 1：虐待儿童的人应该受到惩罚。“虐待”译为 maltreat。
虐待 =（残忍地 / 不好地 / 坏地）对待（treat sb. cruelly/badly）
The people who treat children cruelly/badly should be punished.
例 2：房价开始轻微地下降。“轻微地”译为 slightly。
轻微 = 以缓慢的速度（at a slow rate）
The price of houses starts to decrease at a slow rate.
“生态平衡”译为 ecological
例 3：人们应该努力在生态平衡的问题上作出贡献。
balance。
生态平衡 = 人与自然之间的平衡（the balance between human beings and nature）
People should make great efforts to the problem on the balance between human
beings and nature.
例 4：政府应该严厉地惩罚罪犯。罪犯译为 criminal。
罪犯 = 违反法律的人（the people who violate/disobey the law）
The government should strictly punish the people who violate/disobey the law.
可见，通过具体解释的方法，即使遇到有难度的词汇，我们也能够清楚、准确地表达
出相应的内容，还能增加字数。
方法三：同义替换
考生们也同样可以从中文的角度出发，进行一下意思的转换。比如：天天用牛奶洗脸
是奢侈的。“ 奢侈 ” 这个单词是 extravagant，对于高中生来说也是不经常用到的。如果我
们从中文上转换一下，换成“天天用牛奶洗脸是浪费的”，跟上句话意思一样。“浪费的”
就是 wasteful，这个单词高中生是非常熟悉的。
Washing face with milk every day is wasteful.
下面再通过几个例子练习一下。
例 1：生活质量提高，缓解家庭经济负担。
Improve living quality，and relieve the economic burden of the family.
生活水平提高，减少家庭花费。
Improve living level/ living standard，and reduce the family spending.
例 2：他毫无争议是最优秀的足球运动员。“毫无争议”译为 indisputably。
毫无争议 = 当然（certainly/surely/ must）
He is certainly/surely/ must be the best football player.
这三种方法是考试时的应急措施，大家一定要在考前认真复习和准备雅思写作的各类
话题词汇。只有具备一定的词汇量，才会顺利表达出想要表达的内容。
第五节 36 个加分句型
雅思高分写作的特点之一就是要写出有特色的句子，只有有了这样的句子，才能组成
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有特点的文章。下面的 36 个雅思高分写作句型对于写作成绩的提高十分有帮助，希望大
家熟练掌握。
1. leave much to be desired 令人不满意
例句：The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.
译文：我们的交通状况令人不满意。
2. have a great influence on 对……有很大的影响
例句：Smoking has a great influence on our health.　
译文：抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。
3. do good/harm to 对……有益 / 害
例句：Reading does good to our mind.
译文：读书对心灵有益。
例句：Overwork does harm to health.
译文：工作过度对健康有害。
4. pose a great threat to 对……构成巨大的威胁
例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.
译文：污染对我们的生存构成巨大的威胁。
5. do one’s utmost to + V = do one’s best to+V 尽全力去……
例句：We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.　
译文：我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。
6. There is no doubt that… 毫无疑问的是 ……
例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.　
译文：毫无疑问，我们的教育制度令人不满意。
7. An advantage of… is that… ……的一个优点是……
例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it would not create (produce)
any pollution.
译文：使用太阳能的一个优点是它不会制造任何污染。
8. The reason why + 句子 + is that… ……的原因是……
例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.
译文：我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。
9. So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that… 如此……，以至于……
例句：So precious is time that we cannot afford to waste it.
译文：时间是如此珍贵，我们不能浪费它。
10. be inundated with sth. 充斥着
例句：The media are inundated with detailed crime coverage.
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译文：媒体充斥着犯罪细节的报道。
11. at the expense of 以……为代价
例句：We should not develop economy at the expense of the environment.　
译文：我们发展经济不应该以环境为代价。
12. By +Ving, + S + can… 借着……，能够……
例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.
译文：借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。
13. the more…the more… 越……，越……
例句：The more vehicles on the roads, the more traffic congestion to occur.　
译文：路上的交通工具越多，就会有越多的交通堵塞。
14. On no account can we + V 我们绝对不能……
例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.
译文：我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。
15. It is time + S + V（过去式）该是……的时候了
例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.
译文：该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。
16. Those who… ……的人
例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.
译文：违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。
17. There is no one but… 没有人不……
例句：There is no one but longs to go to college.
译文：没有人不渴望上大学。
18. be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V 不得不……
例句：Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing
sports.
译文：既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃体育运动。
19. It is conceivable/obvious/apparent that… 可想而知的 / 明显的 / 显然的
例句：It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.
译文：可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演着一个重要的角色。
20. That is the reason why… 那就是……的原因
例句：Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I don’t like it.　
译文：夏天很热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。
21. For the past + 时间，S + V（现在完成式）过去……年来，……一直……
例句：For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.　
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译文：过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。
22. Since + S + V（过去式），S + V（现在完成式）自从……，一直……
例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.　
译文：自从他上高中，他一直很用功。
23. It pays to + V……是值得的
例句：It pays to help others.
译文：帮助别人是值得的。
24. be based on 以……为基础
例句：The progress of the society is based on harmony.
译文：社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。
25. Spare no effort to + V 不遗余力做某事
例句：We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
译文：我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。
26. bring home to + sb. + sth. 让……明白……事
例句：We should bring home to people the value of working hard.　
译文：我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。
27. be closely related to 与……息息相关
例句：Taking exercise is closely related to health.　
译文：做运动与健康息息相关。
28. get into the habit of + Ving= make it a rule to + V 养成……的习惯
例句：We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.　
译文：我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。
29. Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving 因为……
例句：Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realised my dream.　
译文：因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。
30. A is an indispensable part of B A 是 B 不可缺少的一部分
例句：Advertising has become an indispensable part of our lives and it has been
exerting profound influence on the way we live, work, play and learn.
译文：广告已经变成我们生活中不可缺少的一部分，它对我们的生活、工作、娱乐和
学习方式有着深远的影响。
31. Were it not for…，sb. would not have done sth. 要不是……, 某人肯定
不能做某事
例句：Frankly speaking, were it not for the experience of studying abroad, those
overseas students would never have achieved today’s economic success and
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social status.
译文：坦白地讲，要不是那段出国留学的经历，那些留学生永远不可能取得目前的经
济成就和社会地位。
32. sth. is in the best interests of someone 做某事符合……的利益
例句：Preserving the endangered animals is in the best interests of humanity.
译文：保护濒临灭绝的动物符合人类的利益。
33. sth. consolidates its status as the… 某事在不断加固它作为……的地位
例句：English has been consolidating its status as the dominant language in the
world.
译文：英语在不断加固它作为世界上的主要语言的地位。
34. … cannot emphasise the importance of… too much …… 再怎么强调
……的重要性也不为过
例句：We cannot emphasise the importance of protecting environment too much.
译文：我们再怎么强调保护环境的重要性也不为过。
35. There is no denying the fact that + 句子不可否认的是……
例句：There is no denying the fact that more and more plastics will come into use
in our daily life.
译文：不可否认，越来越多的塑料将用于我们的日常生活中。
36. sth. is the root cause of… 某事是……的根源
例句：The population explosion is the root cause of water scarcity.
译文：人口激增是水资源短缺的根源。
第六节模板句型和万能框架
前面已经讲过，
雅思写作议论文的题型主要分为两大类：辩论型题目（argumentation）
和解释型题目（report）。对于辩论型题目，下面介绍三种常用的写作方法，即一边倒写
法、一波三折让步式写法和双边讨论写法；对于解释型题目，常用的写法是分析—
解决法。
下面分别介绍这四种写法的常用结构。
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一、一边倒写法的结构
各段的内容各段的写法
开头段一般写四句话，即背景+转述题目+自己的
开头段转述题目+表明立场
观点+引起下文。
第二段理由段理由段是文章的主体部分，有两种写法：

（1）段落中心句+支持句
第三段理由段
（2）段落中心句+支持句+例子
第四段理由段理由段可以写三段，也可以只写两段。
该段首先要总结全文，然后再进一步强调自己的观
结尾段总结全文+强调立场
点或得出的结论。
（一）模板句型
1．开头段
（1）开头段介绍背景
1） In the past 5 years there has been a sudden（dramatic/sharp）rise（increase）
in the crime rate（divorce rate）.
在过去的 5 年里，犯罪率（离婚率）急剧上升。
2）
Recently there is a (an) astonishing（increasing/sizable/significant）proportion
（percentage/population/number）of teenagers（adults）who .
最近，有很大一部分青少年（成年人），他们。
3） In contemporary society, is advancing at an unprecedented rate
in a multitude of arenas.
在当代社会，正在以前所未有的速度在很多领域向前发展。
4） is（are）so important in our society that it（they）undeniably
becomes（become）the biggest concern of the present-day world.
在我们的社会中是如此的重要，以至于他们不可避免地受到当今
世界最大的关注。
5） Now people in growing（ever-increasing/significant）numbers are beginning
（coming/getting）to believe（realise/recognise/understand/accept/see/be aware）
that .
现在，越来越多的人开始意识到。
6） Currently（In recent years/In the past few years/For many years now）, there is（has
been）a general（widespread/growing）feeling（concern/attitude/awareness）that
.
近年来，有一种日益普遍的感觉（想法 / 态度 / 意识），那就是。
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7） T here is a general（much/public）discussion（debate/controversy）today
（nowadays）on（about/over/as to）the topic of .
如今，关于的话题有普遍（很多 / 公开）的讨论（争议）。
8） In recent years, is becoming increasingly popular/prevalent at
an amazing rate.
最近几年，以一个惊人的速度越来越流行。
9） W ith the development（improvement/rise/growth）of ，
is increasingly important.
随着的发展（提高 / 增长），越来越重要。
10）As one of the most important inventions of the twentieth century,
has a wide application in all aspects of our lives.
作为 20 世纪最重要的发明之一，在我们生活的所有方面都有广
泛的应用。
11）With the incidence of hovering at high levels, many have
become disturbed and alarmed.
的发生率居高不下，这引起了很多人的困扰和警觉。
12）In our time and age, much debate has taken place about whether .
目前，关于发生了很多争论。
13）Recently whether has triggered a heated discussion.
近年来，是否引起了激烈的讨论。
（2）开头段表明观点
1) 直接提出观点
① As far as I am concerned, .
在我看来，。
② As for me, .
在我看来，。
③ In my opinion, .
在我看来，。
④ For my part, .
在我看来，。
⑤ From my point of view, .
在我看来，。
⑥ From my own perspective, .
在我看来，。
⑦ I would point out that .
我要指出的是，。
⑧ Speaking for myself, .
在我看来，。
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2）评价引用观点（说自己同意该观点）
① I would go along with this point of view.
② I would agree with this point of view.
③ As far as I am concerned, this proposal seems both sound and well-grounded.
在我看来，这个提议似乎既合理又有根据。
④ As for me, I can share this point of view.
在我看来，我同意这个观点。
⑤ I totally agree with this statement, and I will explain why this is the case.
我完全同意上述观点，我愿意解释为什么。
⑥ To be frank, I agree with their opinion for the reasons below.
坦率地说，我同意他们的意见，原因如下。
⑦ From my own perspective, I give my full support to the idea.
在我看来，我完全支持这个观点。
3）评价引用观点（说自己不同意该观点）
① I am against this point of view.
② I disapprove of this point of view.
③ I am opposed to this point of view.
我反对这个观点。
④A
s far as I am concerned, however, this point of view seems a bit absurd and
ridiculous.
然而，在我看来，这个观点似乎有点儿荒谬可笑。
⑤ A scrutiny of these arguments would reveal how fallacious they are.
详细审查这些论点揭示出它们是多么的荒谬。
⑥A
gain, I would state my objection to this issue after analysing the following
three reasons.
在分析下面三个原因后，我明确地说反对此观点。
⑦ However, I do not think that this view can hold water.
但是，我认为这个观点站不住脚。
⑧ Carefully weighing in the mind, we can easily find how fallacious they are.
仔细考虑之后，我们极易发现它们是不合理的。
4）题目中有两个对立的观点，说自己同意前（后）一个观点
① Personally, I am in favour of the former（latter）point of view.
我个人更喜欢前（后）者的观点。
② Speaking for myself, I could not agree more to/with the former（latter）opinion.
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在我看来，我非常同意前（后）面的观点。
③F
or my part, I absolutely/wholeheartedly/totally/completely agree with/
approve of/consent to/am for/share/side with the former（latter）point of
view.
在我看来，我完全同意前（后）一个观点。
④ For my part, I would go along with the former（latter）point of view.
在我看来，我赞同前（后）面的观点。
（3）开头段引起下文
1）The reasons are presented below.
原因如下。
2）There are many reasons supporting my view.
有很多原因支持我的观点。
3）There are no less than three reasons as rendered below.
有不少于三个原因，如下所述。
4）I support this with the following reasons.
我支持它的原因如下。
5）A number of causes account for my point.
大量的原因说明了我的观点。
6）The reasons are chiefly as follows.
原因主要有以下几个方面。
7）My arguments for this point are listed as follows.
我赞成这个观点的论据如下。
8）There are three premier causes as follows.
三个主要原因如下。
2. 理由段
（1）第一个理由段的主题句
1）In the first place, .
首先，。
2）To begin with, .
第一，。
3）First and foremost, .
第一点也是最重要的一点是，。
4）On the one hand, .
一方面，。
5）For one thing, .
一方面，。
6）The first and most important reason is that .
第一个也是最重要的原因是。
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7）The main cause for my propensity is that .

我这种倾向的主要原因是。
8）The main reason is that .
主要原因是。
9）The most important factor is that .
最重要的因素是。
10）One of the most important reasons is that .
最重要的原因之一是。
11）One of the primary causes is that .
一个主要的原因是。
12）My first cause for this is that .
对此，我的第一个理由是。
13）One of the most attractive reasons is that .
最吸引人的原因之一是。
（2）第二个理由段的主题句
1）In the second place, .
第二，。
2）Furthermore, .
此外，。
3）Next , .
其次，。
4）Besides, .
此外，。
5）For another, .
另一方面，。
6）What is more, .
而且，。
7）The second reason for my propensity is that .
我这种倾向的第二个原因是。
8）The second thing that must be taken into consideration is that .
必须考虑的第二个因素是。
9）A further reason why I prefer the argument is that .
我倾向这个观点的一个更进一步的原因是。
10）Another benefit is that .
另一个好处是。
（3）第三个理由段的主题句
1）Most important, .
最重要的是，。
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2）Last but not least, .

最后但同样重要的是，
3）Finally, .
最后，。
4）Thirdly, .
第三，。
5）The third and very important reason is that .
第三个也是非常重要的原因是。
6）Finally, the incomparable advantage of this view is that .
最后，的不能比拟的好处是。
3. 结尾段
1）Judging by the figures, we can draw a conclusion that .
从数据来判断，我们能够得出的结论是：。
2）Based on the above discussion and analysis, we can see that .
基于上述讨论和分析，我们可以看到。
3）Given the factors I have just outlined, I can only say that .
通过我给出的因素，我只能说。
4）From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion
that .
从上面所讨论的，我们可以最后得出结论：。
5）After understanding the reasons above, it is quite safe now to say that
.
在了解上面的原因后，现在可以很安全地说。
6）Now, after close examination, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that
.
现在，经过仔细考虑后，不难得出这个结论：。
7）So if we take a careful consideration, it is not difficult to get the conclusion:
.
所以，如果我们认真地考虑一下，不难得出结论：。
8）So, based on the above discussion, I agree with the opinion that .
所以，基于上述讨论，我同意。
9）Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the
conclusion that .
考虑到所有这些因素，我们可以合理地得出结论：。
10）Judging from all evidence offered, we may reasonably come to the conclusion
that .
从所提供的证据来看，我们可以合理地得出以下结论：。
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（二）万能框架
上面的模板句型可以排列组合出无数个完整的篇章万能框架，下面我们给出其中的一
个，并结合曾经考过的题目向大家展示万能框架的应用。
In contemporary society, sometimes conflict with economic

advancement. Some people think . Superficially, the above opinion
sounds reasonable and constructive. However, I strongly disagree with it and the
reasons are presented below.
The main cause for my propensity is that . .
A further reason why I oppose the argument is that . Actually,
. Consequently, .
Last but not least, . Meanwhile, . For instance,
.
As we have discussed, . But at the same time, .
.
真题：2011 年 4 月 28 日考题
—— 是否应该拆除旧的建筑
WRITING TASK 2
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:
Too much money has been spent in looking after and repairing old buildings; therefore, we
should knock down old buildings and build modern ones instead.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience.
Write at least 250 words.
考官范文
In contemporary society, old buildings sometimes conflict with economic
advancement. Some people suggest they should be knocked down to make way for new
ones because people have spent too much money in protecting and maintaining them.
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Superficially, the above opinion sounds reasonable and constructive. However, I

strongly disagree with it and the reasons are presented below.
The main cause for my propensity is that historic buildings are useful for
studies. For each period of time, there are its typical architectures. Historic buildings
reflect those style and materials that our predecessors used in construction. By studying
them, researchers could understand the evolution of not only construction but also
society and culture.
A further reason why I oppose the argument is that historic buildings bring
advantages of tourism. Actually, when visiting a place, tourists are always attracted by
historic places such as museums, palaces, or other famous ancient buildings. They are
fascinated by something different from their home country or different from modern
daily life. By maintaining and preserving historic buildings, the government can attract
many tourists to visit their cities. Consequently, they can benefit much from tourism.
Last but not least, historic buildings are spiritual places. People often go to historic
places for ceremony or celebration. They go to these places to thank for what their
ancestors did for them, and wish good things for them and their children. Meanwhile,
people are usually proud of their well-known historic places. For instance, the French
are very proud of their Eiffel Tower, and the Egyptians take great pride in their pyramids.
As we have discussed, old buildings are part of a country’s history and are
valuable in many ways. We should plan well and be wise to see their value. But at the
same time, we are not advocating indiscriminate treatment to all old buildings, and
some do need to be torn down for safety reasons. And we should also do our best to
find solutions to make the old buildings and the new ones coexist in harmony.
范文译文
在当代社会，老建筑有时候与经济发展产生冲突。一些人认为由于人们已经花了太多
的钱用于保护和维护老建筑，因此应当拆除它们，给新建筑腾地方。表面上看，以上观点
很合理，很有建设性。但是，我强烈反对它，原因如下。
我这种倾向的主要原因是历史建筑对研究非常有用。因为每个时期都有其典型的建筑。
历史建筑反映了我们的祖先在建筑中使用的风格和材料。通过研究它们，研究人员不仅可
以理解建筑的发展史，同时也可以理解社会和文化的演进史。
我反对这个观点的一个更进一步的原因是，历史建筑为旅游业带来了优势。实际上，
游客在参观一个地方的时候，总会被诸如博物馆、宫殿等历史遗迹或其他著名的古建筑所
吸引。他们会对那些不同于本国的或现代日常生活中的东西着迷。通过维护和保护历史建
筑，政府可以吸引很多游客前往他们的城市。因此，他们可以从旅游业中获益。
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最后但也同样重要的是，历史建筑属于精神领地。人们经常会去历史遗迹举行仪式或
庆祝活动。他们去这些地方，感谢祖先为他们所做的一切，为自己和孩子们祈福。同时，
人们通常为他们著名的历史遗迹感到自豪。例如，法国人为他们的埃菲尔铁塔而感到自豪，
埃及人因金字塔而感到骄傲。
正如我们所讨论的，老建筑是国家历史的一部分，在许多方面颇有价值。我们应该规
划好，明智地看待它们的价值。但与此同时，我们并不是鼓吹不加区别地对待所有的老建
筑，有些建筑出于安全原因确实需要被拆除。同时我们也应当尽最大的努力找到解决方法，
使老建筑和新建筑和谐共存。
二、一波三折让步式写法的结构
开头段一般写四句话，即背景+转述主题+自己的观
点+引起下文。
第二段理由段理由段是文章的主体部分，有两种写法：

（1）段落中心句+支持句
（2）段落中心句+支持句+例子
第三段理由段该段主要是陈述自己支持某种观点的理由或好处，也
可以只有一个理由段。
该段由“让步句+转折句”构成。让步句主要是承认
第四段让步段某种观点的合理性，转折句主要是对该观点加以
反驳。
该段首先要总结全文，然后再进一步强调自己的观点
结尾段总结全文+强调立场
或得出的结论。
一波三折让步式结构的开头段、理由段和结尾段的常用模板句型和一边倒结构的模板
句型相同。下面主要介绍让步段的模板句型。该句型有一定的难度，为了帮助大家掌握，
在句型后给出了相应的例句。
（1）开头段（同一边倒结构的开头段）
（2）理由段（同一边倒结构的理由段）
（3）让步段
1）However，it is undeniable that in the short term. But in
the long run
然而，不可否认的是在短期内。但是从长远来看。
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例句：However, it is undeniable that this decision will increase the local fiscal
revenues in the short term. But in the long run, charging foreign visitors
more may impede the development of local tourism.
译文：然而，不可否认的是这项决定可以在短期内增加地方财政收入。但从长远来看，
对外国游客收取更高的费用会阻碍当地旅游业的发展。
2）Indeed, A is superior to B in..., but it proves inferior as compared with B in the
following aspects. Firstly, . Secondly, . Thirdly, .
确实，A 在方面比 B 优越，
但在以下几个方面与 B 相比，它比较逊色。
第一，。第二，。第三，。
例句：Indeed, television is superior to newspapers in vividness and quickness, but it
proves inferior as compared with newspapers in many other aspects.
译文：确实，电视在生动性和快捷性方面比报纸优越，但在其他许多方面与报纸相比，
它比较逊色。
3）Indeed, A enjoys a distinct advantage over B in ; however it pales
beside B in many aspects.
确实，A 在方面比 B 有着明显的优势，但是在许多方面它
比 B 逊色。
例句：I ndeed, television enjoys a distinct advantage over newspapers in
vividness and quickness; however it pales beside newspapers in many
other aspects.
译文：确实，电视在生动性和快捷性方面比报纸有明显的优势，但在其他许多方面与
报纸相比，它比较逊色。
4）In spite of the fact that A has made a great difference to , it proves
trivial when compared with B in some aspects.
尽管事实上 A 为带来了很大的改变，但与 B 在某些方面相
比，它微不足道。
例句：In spite of the fact that the revolution in industry has made a great
difference to the way people live, it proves trivial when compared with the
revolution in information in some aspect.
译文：尽管事实上工业革命给人们的生活带来了很大的改变，但与信息革命在某些方
面相比，它微不足道。
5）Although few things can outweigh A in , its demerits stand out
against B.
尽管很少有东西在方面能胜过 A，但其弊端比 B 更
加突出。
例句：Although few things can outweigh the intellectual education in tapping
mental resources, its demerits stand out against the moral education.
译文：尽管很少有东西能在开发人脑资源方面胜过 “ 智力教育”，但其弊端比道德教
育更加突出。
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6）It is obvious that B cannot compete with A in , but B still possesses

substantial advantages over A.
很明显，B 不能在方面与 A 媲美，但 B 仍比 A 有着巨大的优势。
例句：It is obvious that radio cannot compete with television in vividness, but it
still possesses substantial advantages over television.
译文：很明显，收音机在视觉方面不能与电视媲美，但它仍比电视有巨大的优势。
（4）结尾段（同一边倒结构的结尾段）
Nowadays, some youngsters continue to instead of

if conditions permit. However, in my opinion, would offer more
advantages for their growth in various aspects.
To begin with, help the youth become more independent.
.
In addition, is an effective way for students to develop their social
skills. . .
There is no denying that . . However, . So,
.
In conclusion, I believe that . Therefore .
真题：2012 年 7 月 12 日考题
——上大学期间离开家是否要比和父母同住更好
WRITING TASK 2
It is better for students to live away from home while studying at university than living
with parents.
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考官范文
Nowadays, some youngsters continue to live with their parents since their
enrollment in a college instead of living in the dormitory if conditions permit. However,
in my opinion, living on campus would offer more advantages for their growth in
various aspects.
To begin with, living away from home help the youth become more independent.
Nowadays, many children are spoilt by their parents and being away from their families
enables them to learn how to deal with problems in their life, such as time managing, learning
effectively, and budgeting reasonably, etc. Independence is an important factor required for
students to succeed in academic research and adapt to the competitive world in the future.
In addition, living in university is an effective way for students to develop their

social skills. Some students are self-centred and only care about their own feelings
before they attend college. However, when they share a room with other students
coming from various backgrounds, they learn how to coexist with other people, how
to cooperate and how to solve a dispute. The dormitory is a community where young
people become mature very fast.
There is no denying that living at home brings students comfort and convenience,
for they can enjoy the care and attention from their parents. They can always turn to their
parents for help whenever they are in difficulty. However, relying on parents for a longer
time certainly reduces the chances of interacting with peers, which is detrimental to their
social skill development. So, young adults should be encouraged to live with people of their
own age and experience the world.
In conclusion, I believe that growing-up means not only being an adult but also
being an independent, sociable and responsible person. Therefore living away from parents
is better for university students to enjoy their life and development in many aspects.
范文译文
现在，在条件允许的情况下，一些年轻人上大学后会继续与父母住在一起，而不是住
在宿舍。然而，在我看来，住在校园里会对他们成长的各个方面更加有利。
首先，离开家里有助于年轻人变得更加独立。如今，许多孩子都被他们的父母宠坏了，
远离他们的家人使他们学会如何处理生活中的问题，如时间管理、有效地学习和合理地预
算，等等。独立性对于学生在学术研究和将来适应未来世界的竞争方面的成功来说是一个
重要的因素。
此外，住在大学里是学生发展他们的社交技巧的一种有效的方式。有些学生在他们上
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大学以前以自我为中心，只在乎自己的感受。然而，当他们与其他来自不同背景的学生共
用一个房间的时候，他们学会了如何与他人共处，如何合作以及如何解决争执。宿舍是一
个社会，在那里年轻人很快变得成熟了。
无可否认，住在家里既舒适又方便，因为他们可以享受父母的照顾和关怀。无论什么
时候他们有困难，他们总能求助于父母。然而，长期依赖父母必然会减少与同龄人交往的
机会，这不利于他们社交技能的发展。所以，应该鼓励年轻人与他们的同龄人一起生活，
体验世界。
总之，我相信成长不仅意味着长大成人，而且意味着要成为一个独立的、善交际的和
负责任的人。因此，远离父母生活更有利于大学生享受他们的生活和各方面的发展。
三、双边讨论写法的结构
如果辩论型题目是给你两种对立的观点，请你讨论这两种观点并表明自己的立场；或
要求讨论某件事情的优缺点，即题目的提问方式是： Discuss both views and give your
own opinion. Do you think it is a positive or negative development? Do you think its
advantages outweigh its disadvantages? 这种题目最适合用双边讨论写法，即双边讨论写
法尤其适合辩论型题目中“分析双方观点”和“利弊比较”的文章。这种写法的优点在于
两面论述，照顾周全。又因为可以从优点和缺点、积极和消极等正反两方面去写，所以理
由比较好找。辩论型题目双边讨论写法的结构是：
介绍背景和两种对立的观点，接下来说明对于上述
观点需要通过比较分析才能做出结论。
第二段一方观点（缺点）指出其中一方的观点（缺点）及2～3条理由。
指出另一方的观点（优点）及2～3条理由，如果自
己也支持这一方的观点，字数可以酌情多一点儿，
第三段另一方观点（优点）
但不要说明这是自己的观点，这是为最后一段的
“点明观点” 作铺垫。
该段首先要总结全文，然后再进一步强调自己的观
结尾段总结全文+强调立场点，还可以为弊端提出解决方案，但字数不用很
多，1～2句话即可。
1. 开头段
（1）开头段介绍背景（同一边倒结构的开头段介绍背景）
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（2）开头段介绍双方观点
1） Some people hold the opinion that . But others argue that .
一些人的观点是。但是另一些人认为。
2）
Some people hold the opinion that . But towards the same issue,
many others argue that .
一些人的观点是。但对于同样的问题，很多其他的人认为
。
3）
Some people hold the opinion that . But other people stand on a
very different ground. They argue that .
一些人的观点是。但是另一些人的立场完全不同。他们认为。
4）
Some people hold the opinion that . But there are also quite a few people
who argue that .
一些人的观点是。但是还有相当一部分人认为。
5）
Some people hold the opinion that . But there are also quite a few
people who are strongly opposed to their opinion.
一些人的观点是。但是还有相当一部分人完全反对他们的
观点。
6）
Some people hold the opinion that . But some other people strongly
despise the above attitude.
一些人的观点是。但是另一些人强烈反对前面的态度。
注：
① 句型中的 some 还可以用下面的词替换：many，most，a majority of，quite a few，
a sizable percentage of。
② 句型中的 hold the opinion 和 argue 还可以用下面的词替换：assert，contend，
argue，hold，insist，maintain，claim，suggest，think，believe，proclaim，
advocate，hold the view，are confident，are of the opinion，have the idea，
point out，take the view。
③ 句型中的 but 还可以用下面的词替换：while，but，whereas，however，
nevertheless，on the other hand。
1） Undeniably, there are points in both sides of the argument.
不可否认，争议的双方都有道理。
2） Both sides of the question are well supported by sound reasons.
双方的观点都有充足的证据。
3） It is quite understandable that views on this issue vary from person to person.
人们对这个问题的观点不同，这是可以理解的。
4） People rarely reach an absolute consensus on such a controversial issue.
人们很少会在这样一个有争议的问题上达成绝对的一致。
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5）
It is quite natural that people seldom reach a total agreement on such a long-
running controversy.
人们对这样一个长期有争议的问题不能达成一致，这是很自然的。
6）
Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the argument on both
sides.
在给出我的观点之前，我认为看一看问题的两面是很重要的。
2. 第二段
（1）第二段主题句（一方观点）
1）People who support that give some of the following reasons.
支持的人给出以下原因。
2）Those who favour that give their reasons as follows.
赞成的人给出了如下的原因。
3）People, who advocate that , have their sound reasons.
赞成的人有他们充足的道理。
4）Those people who believe that have cogent reasons for it.
赞成的人有强有力的理由。
（2）第二段理由句
1）First, . Second, . Third, . Last, .
第一，。第二，。第三，。最后，。
2）Firstly, . Secondly, . Thirdly, . Finally, .
3）In the first place, . In the second place, . In the third
place, . Lastly, .
4）To begin with, .Then, . Furthermore, .
Finally, .
首先，。其次，。此外，。最后，。
5）To start with, . Next, . In addition, .
Finally, .
首先，。其次，。此外，。最后，。
6）First and foremost, . Besides, . Last but not least, .
首先最重要的是，。其次，。最后但同样重要的是，。
7）Most important of all, . Moreover, . Finally, .
最重要的是，。其次，。最后但同样重要的是，。
On the one hand,
8） . On the other hand, .
（适用于两点的情况）
一方面，。另一方面，。
9）For one thing， . For another thing， .（适用于两点的情况）
一方面，。另一方面，。
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3. 第三段
（1）第三段主题句（另一方观点）
1）
But other people set forth a totally different argument about this case. They
contend that .
但其他人对此提出了一个完全不同的观点。他们认为。
2）
To this issue, some other people hold a different attitude, arguing that
.
对于这个问题，另外一些人持有不同的看法，他们认为。
3）
However, the other side of the coin voices its strong opposition, saying that
.
然而，另外一些人发出反对的声音，他们说。
4） However, there are also some others who contend that .
然而，也有一些人主张。
5） However, further analysis would make it clear that .
然而，进一步的分析使下面的观点更加清楚：。
6） Other people’s opinion is just the opposite. They strongly believe that .
其他人的观点正好相反，他们强烈认为。
（2）第三段理由句
句型见 “ 第二段理由句 ”。
4. 结尾段
（1）结尾段第一句
1）
It is quite understandable that people from different backgrounds give different
interpretations of the same issue.
来自不同背景的人对于同样的问题有不同的看法，这是可以理解的。
2） Admittedly, there are merits to both arguments.
无可否认，两种论点都有自己的优点。
3） There is probably a little bit of truth in both arguments.
两种观点都有一点儿道理。
4）
Both sides above make sense, and consequently it is hard to come to an absolute
conclusion.
上面两个观点都有道理，因此很难得出绝对的结论。
5）
Both sides make sense. Therefore it is really hard for me to draw a definite
conclusion.
双方都很有道理，因此我很难得出一个明确的结论。
6） Admittedly, both sides are reasonable. But they are one-sided.
无可否认，双方都有道理，但都很片面。
7） To sum up, we cannot deny that both sides are well-grounded.
总之，无可否认，双方都有充分的根据。
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8）
From what has been mentioned above, we may see that there is some truth in
both arguments.
从以上的论述中，我们可以看到双方的论述都有些道理。
（2）结尾段第二句（观点句）
1） As far as I am concerned, I stand on the latter opinion that .
在我看来，我同意后面的观点。
2） For my part, I firmly commit to the notion that .
就我来说，我坚定地认为。
3） With views of both sides considered, I think that .
考虑双方的观点后，我认为。
4） Personally, I side with the latter opinion that .
我个人更支持后一种观点。
5） From my point of view, I support that .
就我来说，我支持。
6） As I see it, I am in favour of the latter point of view that .
在我看来，我赞成后面的观点。
7） From my own perspective, .
在我看来，。
8） Speaking for myself, .
在我看来，。
双边讨论写法在考试中的应用最广泛，上面的模板句型可以排列组合出无数个万能框
架，下面给出 4 个双边讨论结构的框架，供考生参考。
框架 1
Recently whether has triggered a heated discussion. Some

people hold the opinion that . But there are also quite a few
people who argue that . Undeniably, there are points in both
sides of the argument.
Those who favour that give their reasons as follows. To begin
with . Then . Furthermore .
However, the other side of the coin voices its strong opposition, saying that
. First and foremost, . Besides, .
Last but not least, .
From what has been mentioned above, we may see that there is some truth in
both arguments. As far as I am concerned, I completely stand on the latter opinion
that .
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框架 2
In our time and age, much debate has taken place about whether .
A majority of people hold the view that , while others are of the
opinion that . It is quite natural that people seldom reach a total
agreement on such a long-running controversy.
Those people who believe that have cogent reasons for it. Most
important of all, . Moreover, . Finally, .
To this issue, some other people hold a different attitude, arguing that .
To begin with, . Next, . Moreover, .
Admittedly, there are merits to both arguments. As I see it, I am in favour of the
latter point of view that . . . .
框架 3
With the incidence of hovering at high levels, many have become

disturbed and alarmed. A sizable percentage of people have the opinion that
.
However, towards the same issue, many others argue that . Undeniably,
there are points in both sides of the argument.
Those people who suggest that have cogent reasons for it. To
start with, . Next, . In addition, .
To this issue, some other people hold a different attitude, arguing that .
Most important of all, . Moreover, . Finally, .
To sum up, we cannot deny that both sides are well-grounded. From my own
perspective, I stand on the former opinion that .
框架 4
Nowadays, most people, especially the youngsters, may find themselves at a loss
. Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the merits and
demerits of this phenomenon.
, have many obvious advantages. To begin with, . In addition,
. Finally, .
Despite all these benefits, we should not neglect the drawbacks of .
Firstly, . Besides, . Finally, . For instance, .
In conclusion, . However, . . So, I would claim that
the advantages of still carry more weight than their disadvantages.
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真题：2012 年 8 月 9 日考题
—— 手机和网络的利弊
WRITING TASK 2
Nowadays, mobile phones and the Internet have become increasingly important in people’s
social life.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of them?
考官范文
Nowadays, most people, especially the youngsters, may find themselves at a
loss when their cell phones are not with them or when they are stopped from surfing the
Internet. Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the merits and
demerits of this phenomenon.
Modern technologies, such as mobile phones and the Internet, have many obvious
advantages. To begin with, the Internet enlarges our circle of friends, as there are so many
social network sites. In the past, we could only socialise with people in the same school
or company, but now we can easily communicate with friends thousands of miles away,
which has enriched our life and provided us with more access to information. In addition,
compared with the old way of going to the post office or visiting people in person, emails
and mobile phones enable us to keep in touch with our business partners and friends more
conveniently and efficiently. Finally, as the new types of mobile phones and computers
become cheaper and more popular, most people prefer to use them to share documents,
exchange music files, send voice messages and take photos, etc.
Despite all these benefits, we should not neglect the drawbacks of the new
technologies. Firstly, the heavy dependence on the mobile phones and the Internet,
may to some extent, result in excessive exposure to radiation and the lack of face-to-face
communication, which are harmful to people’s physical and mental health. Besides, some
people, particularly teenagers, are addicted to making friends on the Internet, but they are
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too young to identify false information and fake identities. So they tend to get deceived when
chatting with strangers on the Internet. Finally, as far as mobile phones are concerned, they
can also become annoying in some circumstances. For instance, we are often bothered by
some people who use mobile phones in conference rooms or in classes.
In conclusion, the disadvantages do exist when people are too dependent on these
modern ways of communication. However, the original purpose of the mobile phones and
the Internet is to provide convenience for people to get in touch with each other and to save
time for them to fulfill their daily tasks. In this sense, it is our habits in using them that are
to blame rather than the modern technologies, if there are some negative influences. So,
I would claim that the advantages of mobile phones and the Internet still carry more
weight than their disadvantages.
范文译文
如今，大多数人，尤其是年轻人，如果没带手机或者不让他们上网，他们就会不知所
措。在给出我的观点之前，我认为看一看这种现象的优点和缺点是很重要的。
现代技术，如移动电话和互联网，有许多明显的优点。首先，互联网扩大了我们的朋
友圈，因为有如此多的社交网站。在过去，我们只能与同一个学校或公司的人交往，但现
在我们可以很容易地与数千英里之外的朋友交流，这丰富了我们的生活，为我们提供了更
多的获取信息的机会。此外，和去邮局（寄信）或亲自拜访别人这些旧的方式相比，电子
邮件和移动电话使我们与商业伙伴和朋友的联系更加方便和高效。最后，由于新型的移动
电话和电脑变得更便宜、更流行，大多数人喜欢利用它们来分享文件、交换音乐、发送语
音信息以及拍摄照片，等等。
尽管有这些好处，我们也不应忽视新技术的缺点。首先，过度依赖移动电话和互联网
可能会在一定程度上导致受到的辐射太多，并且缺乏面对面的沟通，这对于人们的身体和
精神健康是有害的。此外，有些人，尤其是青少年，沉迷于网上交友，但是他们太年轻，
无法识别虚假的信息和伪造的身份。所以他们在互联网上与陌生人聊天时往往会受骗。最
后，就手机而言，它们在某些情况下也会变得令人烦恼。例如，我们经常受到一些在会议
室或教室使用手机的人的烦扰。
总之，如果人们过于依赖这些现代通信方式，弊端确实会存在。然而，移动电话和互
联网的初衷是方便人们与他人取得联系，使他们在完成日常工作的时候节约时间。从这个
意义上来讲，如果有什么负面的影响，那也应该归咎于我们的使用习惯，而不应归咎于现
代技术。所以，我认为手机和互联网的优点仍然比它们的缺点要多。
四、分析—解决法的结构
解释型题目就是提出一个现在比较热门的问题，让你谈谈原因和解决方案。这类题目
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的主要特点是：考生不需要提供自己的观点，因为往往题目是一种社会现象，考生只需进
行分析和提出建议就可以了。这类试题最适合用分析—解决法来写。
分析—解决法的结构是：
转述主题或要分析
开头段开头段一般写三句话，即背景+转述主题+引起下文。
的问题。
该段要从不同角度进行分析。首先要写段落中心句，然
第二段分析原因后再写具体的原因。一般写三方面的原因，也可以写两
条或四条原因。
针对第二段指出的原因，提出相应的解决办法。在写具
第三段提出解决办法
体的办法前，也要先写段落中心句。
结尾段总结全文对全文进行总结概括。
1. 开头段
（1）开头段介绍背景（同一边倒结构的开头段介绍背景）
1）
In this essay, I will analyse some possible causes of this phenomenon and then
propose some solutions.
在这篇文章里，我会分析出现这种现象的一些可能的原因，然后再提出一些解决
办法。
2）
What factors lead to this phenomenon and what we can do to solve the problem
have become a concern to many people.
什么因素导致了这个现象以及我们怎么做来解决这个问题已经成为很多人的关注。
3）
It is crucial that we analyse the causes of this disturbing issue and explore the
effective solutions.
分析出现这个问题的原因并且找到有效的解决办法，是重要的。
4）
H ence, it is imperative that we pinpoint the causes of this disturbing
phenomenon.
因此，我们找出导致这个令人困扰的现象的原因是很必要的。
2. 分析原因
1） The following reasons should be taken into consideration.
应该考虑下列原因。
2） The following factors need to be taken into consideration.
下列因素必须被考虑。
3） There are several reasons for this phenomenon.
这种现象的出现有好几个原因。
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4） The causes may be inner and outer influence.

原因可能是内部的和外部的影响。
5） The causes of this phenomenon are manifold.
这个现象的原因是多方面的。
6） It is imperative that we pinpoint the causes of this disturbing phenomenon.
找出导致这个令人困扰的现象的原因非常重要。
3. 提出解决办法
1）
Although it is affected by many factors, still there are certain ways that can make
the situation better. The most important is . Another
way is . Still another one is .
虽然它受许多因素的影响，但仍有许多方法可以使形势好转。最重要的是
。另一种方法是。还有另外一种方法
是。
2）
On the whole, it is high time that we recognised the significance of .
The most effective means to solve this problem is that . In
that case, .
从总体上看，现在是我们认识到的重要性的时候了。解决这
个问题最有效的方式是。在这种情况下，。
3） As a result, we should take some effective methods to .
因此，我们应当采取一些有效的方法。
4） It is essential that effective actions should be taken to end the situation.
至关重要的是应该采取有效的行动来结束这种状况。
5） It is no doubt that special attention must be paid to the problem of .
毋庸置疑的是，应当给予问题特别的关注。
6）
I f we cannot take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some
undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is
.
如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能无法控制这种趋势，可能会出现一些意想不
到的不良后果，所以我们应该做的是。
7） For the reasons given above, I strongly recommend that .
基于以上原因，我强烈建议。
8） Given the factors I have just outlined, I believe that .
鉴于刚才我所概述的因素，我相信。
9） Regarding these reasons, I think there are some ways to deal with the problem.
考虑到这些原因，我认为有好些途径来解决这个问题。
10）Considering the severity of this issue, we have no choice but to take stringent
measures to address this problem.
考虑到问题的严重性，我们只有采取严厉的措施来解决这个问题。
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11） We should take effective measures to solve the problem.

我们应该采取有效的措施来解决这个问题。
12）It is crucial that we take vigorous measures to tackle these problems.
我们应该采取有力的措施来解决这些问题。
4. 结尾段
1） To conclude, several factors contribute to . I am convinced
that we should take measures including ,
and to solve this disturbing problem.
总之，好几个因素导致了。我认为，我们应该采取措施，包括
, 和来解决这个令人烦恼的问题。
2） In summary, there are many reasons which result in this unpleasant phenomenon
and effective measures should be taken as soon as possible to cope with this
situation.
总之，很多原因导致了这个令人不悦的现象。应该尽快采取有效的措施来应对这
种局面。
3） In short, this disturbing problem is attributed to many factors and I believe with the
joint efforts from individuals and the government, it can be eventually resolved.
总之，这个令人烦恼的问题来自很多因素。我认为，通过个人和政府的共同努力，
它最终会被解决。
4）Based on the above discussion and analysis, we can see that there are many
factors which lead to this severe situation and we should take stringent measures
including , and
to address this problem.
基于上述讨论和分析，我们可以看到，很多因素导致了这一严峻的状况，我们应
该采取严厉的措施，包括，和来解
决这个问题。
There is no doubt that has become a huge problem. What factors

lead to this phenomenon and what we can do to solve the problem have become a
concern to many people.
I think various reasons may lead to the high volumes of road traffic. To start with,
. On top of this, . Furthermore, .
To tackle the problem of increasing traffic, every possible solution should be
tried. To start with, . For example, . . Moreover,
. Finally, .
To sum up, this disturbing problem is attributed to many factors and I believe
with the joint efforts from individuals and the government, it can be eventually
resolved. That is to say, .
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真题：2012 年 7 月 21 日考题
—— 城市交通量大的原因和解决办法
WRITING TASK 2
Write about the following topic：
In most cities and towns, the high volumes of road traffic have become a problem.
What are the causes and what actions could be taken to solve the problem?
考官范文
There is no doubt that the dramatic development of road traffic has become a
huge problem, both in cities and on motorways everywhere. What factors lead to this
phenomenon and what we can do to solve the problem have become a concern to
many people.
I think various reasons may lead to the high volumes of road traffic. To start
with, as a result of the development of the automobile industry, cars have become
affordable to ordinary people, whose income has also grown significantly in recent
years. On top of this, in many modern cities, a considerable percent of young people
need to travel to work on weekdays and spend weekends in the countryside, so cars
have become necessities for them. Furthermore, the policy of developing economy
should also be responsible for some urban issues including traffic congestion. In order
to stimulate domestic consumption, the public are encouraged to own their private cars,
but in metropolises with dense population, such policy definitely leads to more vehicles
on roads.
To tackle the problem of increasing traffic, every possible solution should

be tried. To start with, the government is obliged to improve the choice of pubic
transport services availablle to travellers. For example, if sufficient suburban railway
and underground railway were built and effectively maintained, then traffic on the roads
would be significantly reduced, as few people would choose to drive their own cars.
The larger capacity of public vehicles compared with private cars can effectively ease
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the traffic pressure on city roads. Moreover, more scientific researches about traffic
management should be conducted, which could then help to create a more orderly
and smooth traffic flow. Finally, there are also some other measures that could be
implemented to help to solve this problem, such as charging a high parking fee, more
expensive petrol or restrictions on driving days.
To sum up, this disturbing problem is attributed to many factors and I believe
with the joint efforts from individuals and the government, it can be eventually
resolved. That is to say, the improvement of road traffic would depend on the
determination and action of the government and it also requires the higher awareness of
the public.
范文译文
毫无疑问的是，道路交通量的急剧增加已成为一个巨大的问题，无论是在城市还是在
各个地方的高速公路都是如此。什么因素导致了这个现象以及我们怎么做来解决这个问题
已经成为很多人的关注。
我认为导致道路交通量增加的原因可能有很多。首先，由于汽车工业的发展，汽车已
成为普通人都能买得起的东西，人们的收入在最近几年大大增加了。除此之外，在许多现
代城市，有相当一部分的年轻人平日里要出去上班，周末则要在乡村度过，因此汽车已成
为他们的必需品。而且，促进经济发展的政策也要对包括交通拥堵在内的一些城市问题负
责。为了刺激国内消费，公众都被鼓励购买自己的私家车，但是在人口密集的大都市，这
样的政策必然会导致道路上出现更多的车辆。
为了解决日益增长的交通量问题，每一个可能的方案都应该尝试。首先，政府有责任
改善公共交通服务，增加人们出行的选择。例如，如果建造并保持足够多的城铁和地铁，
那么公路上的交通将大大减少，因为很少人会选择自己开车。和私家车相比，大容量的公
交车辆能有效缓解城市道路交通的压力。此外，应该进行更多的交通管理方面的研究，这
有助于建立一个更加有序、顺畅的交通。最后，也有一些其他的措施可以实施，以帮助解
决这一问题，如收取高额的停车费，提高汽油的价格或限制驾驶天数。
总之，这个问题来自很多因素。我认为，通过个人和政府的共同努力，它最终会被解
决。也就是说，道路交通的改善取决于政府的决心和行动，同时它也需要公众意识的提高。
88
Day 5 第三章图表作文
第一节必备词汇
在雅思写作学术类考试中，典型的图表作文有五类：柱图、表格、线图、饼图和流
程图。由于前四类图表经常涉及很多的数据，因此统称为数据统计图表，而流程图则主要
涉及的是对步骤或过程的描述。下面分别介绍数据统计图表和流程图写作中经常用到的
词汇。
一、数据统计图表必备词汇
1. 基本词汇
change [] n. 改变，变化

significant changes 图中一些较大变化
chart [] n. 图表

bar chart 柱图

flow chart 流程图

line chart 线图

pie chart 饼图
data ['] n. 资料，数据
demonstrate ['] vt. 示范，证明
depict ['] vt. 描述，描写
describe ['] vt. 描写，记述，形容 v. 描述
diagram ['] n. 图表

curve diagram 曲线图

process diagram 流程图
direction ['] n. 方向，趋势

take an opposite direction 相反方向
distribute ['] vt. 分配，分布
exhibit ['] vt. 展出，陈列 v. 展示
figure ['] n. 图形
graph [] n. 图表，曲线图

line graph 线图
histogram ['] n. 柱图
indicate ['] vt. 指出，显示
89
outline ['] n. 概要 vt. 描画轮廓，略述

represent [e'] vt. 表现，描绘
sequence diagram 程序表
show [] v. 说明，显示
summarise ['] v. 概述，总结
table ['] n. 表格
trend [trend] n. 倾向，趋势
 noticeable trend 明显趋势
 show an upturn trend 呈好转趋势
 with an overall upward trend 总体上呈上升趋势
 with an overall downward trend 总体上呈下降趋势
2. 增加（上升）
ascend [' ] v. 攀登，上升
boom [] v. 显著上升
climb [] vi. 逐渐上涨
go up 上升，增长
grow [] vi. 增长，增高
growth [] n. 增长
increase ['] n. 增加，增长 ['] vt. 增加，加大
jump [] n. 跳跃，上涨 vt. 跳跃，突升 vi. 跳跃，暴涨
rise [] n. 上升，增加 vi. 增长，上升

a rise in crime rates 犯罪率上升
 be on the rise 上涨，上升；变得更有价值
shoot up 大量增加
soar [] v. 急剧上升 n. 高涨程度
surge [] n. 显著上升 vt. 显著上升
3. 减少（下降）
descend ['] vi. 下降
decline ['] vi. 下倾，下降 n. 下倾，下降
decrease ['] n. 减少 ['] v. 减少
dip [dip] v. 下降
drop [] v. 下降 n. 下降，下跌
fall [] n. 降低，下降 vi. 下跌
go down 下降
plummet ['] vi. 暴跌
plunge [] vi. 猛跌，骤降 vt. 使陷入
reduction ['] n. 减少
slump [] n. 暴跌 v. 暴跌
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4. 不变
as many as 和……同样多
as much as 和……一样多
do not change 没有变化
level off at 稳定，达到平衡
maintain the same level 保持同样的水平
no change 没有变化
plateau ['] n. （上升后的）平稳时期，停滞时期 vi. 达到稳定时期（或状态）
reach a plateau at 达到稳定状态
remain ['] vi. 保持

remain constant at 保持不变

remain stable 保持稳定

remain steady 保持稳定

remain the same 保持不变
 remain unchanged 保持不变
stabilise ['iii] v. 稳定
 stabilise at 稳定在
stand on 位于；维持……水平
static ['] adj. 静态的
 keep static 保持不变
stay constant at 保持不变
the same as 和……一样
5. 波动
between…and… 在……之间
extension ['] n. 范围
fluctuate ['] vi. 变动，波动 vt. 使动摇，使波动
fluctuation ['] n. 波动，起伏
go up and down 起伏不定
range [] n. 山脉，行列，范围
rebound ['] n. 回弹 v. 回弹
recover ['] vt. 恢复，止跌回升
recovery ['] n. 恢复；回升
scope [] n. 范围
undulate ['] v. 波动，起伏，成波浪形 adj. 波浪形的，起伏的
unstable ['] adj. 不牢固的，不稳定的
wave [] n. 波，波浪 vi. 波动，飘动，摇动
6. 最高点和最低点
bottom ['] n. 底，底部，末端 adj. 底部的
91

bottom out at（价格等）达到最低点后趋于平稳

hit the bottom 达到最低点

touch the bottom 达到最低点
 reach the bottom 达到最低点
low [] n. 低 adj. 低的
 hit a historic low 达到历史低点
peak [] n. 顶点 adj. 最高的 vi. 到达最高点 vt. 使达到最高点
 peak at 达到最高点
point [i] n. 点，尖端

reach the highest point 最高点

the turning point 转折点
 the lowest point at 最低点
top [] n. 顶部，顶端，极点 adj. 最高的
7. 倍数
be three times as that of 是……的三倍
double ['] n. 两倍 adj. 两倍的，双重的 vt. 使加倍
three times 三倍
threefold ['u] adv. 三倍
twice [] adv. 两次，两倍

be twice as that of 是……的两倍
8. 比例
account for 占……
10 per cent 10%
a half =1/2
a quarter =1/4
a third =1/3
be half as that of 是……的一半
constitute [':t] vt. 组成
make up 构成
one in three 1/ 3
one out of every four 1/4
one-third 1/ 3
per cent ['] n. 百分数
percentage ['] n. 百分数，百分比
proportion ['] n. 比例
the highest percentage 比例最高的
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9. 其他
（1）速度快
abundant ['] adj. 大量的，很多的
abundantly ['li] adv. 大量地，很多地
considerable ['] adj. 相当大 ( 或多 ) 的，相当可观的
considerably ['ii] adv. 相当地
drastic ['] adj. 激烈的
drastically ['li] adv. 激烈地，彻底地
enormous ['] adj. 巨大的
enormously [i'i] adv. 非常地，巨大地
huge [] adj. 巨大的，极大的
immediate ['] adj. 直接的，快速的，立即的
immediately ['] adv. 快速地
noticeable ['] adj. 显而易见的
obvious ['] adj. 明显的，显而易见的
obviously ['ii] adv. 明显地
quick [] adj. 快的，迅速的
quickly ['ii] adv. 很快地
radical ['] adj. 根本的
radically ['ii] adv. 根本上
rapid ['] adj. 迅速的，飞快的
rapidly ['ii] adv. 迅速地
rather ['] adv. 有点，相当
remarkable ['] adj. 显著的，异常的
remarkably [i'i] adv. 显著地，引人注目地
sharp [] adj. 明显的，急剧的
sharply ['] adv. 锐利地，急剧地
significant ['] adj. 有意义的，重大的，重要的
significantly ['li] adv. 意味深长地，值得注目地
steep [] adj. 徒然的，剧烈的
striking ['] adj. 显著的，惊人的
substantial ['] adj. 实质的，大量的，多的
sudden ['] adj. 突然的，意外的
suddenly ['i] adv. 突然地
surprising ['] adj. 令人惊讶的
surprisingly ['li] adv. 令人惊讶地
swift [swift] adj. 迅速的
swiftly ['swiftli] adv. 迅速地，即刻
（2）缓慢
continuous ['] adj. 连续的，持续的
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continuously ['iui] adv. 不断地，连续地

gradual ['] adj. 逐渐的，逐步的，渐进的
gradually ['ui] adv. 逐渐地
marginally ['nli] adv. 轻微地，最低限度地
mild [] adj. 轻微的，适度的
mildly ['] adv. 温和地，适度地
moderate ['] adj. 中等的，适度的，适中的
moderately ['li] adv. 适度地
precisely [i'ii] adv. 正好，精确地；清晰地
slight [] adj. 轻微的，微小的
slightly ['] adv. 细微地
slow [] adj. 慢的，缓慢的
slowly ['ui] adv. 慢慢地，迟缓地
smooth [] adj. 平稳的
smoothly ['i] adv. 平稳地
steadily ['] adv. 稳定地，有规则地
steady ['] adj. 稳固的，稳定的
tiny ['] adj. 很少的，微小的
（3）大约
about ['] adv. 大约，左右
almost ['] adv. 几乎，差不多
approximately ['ii] adv. 近似，大约
around ['] adv. 大约，左右
roughly ['i] adv. 概略地
just over 刚超过
just under 仅少于
（4）预测
expect ['] vt. 期待，预期
forecast ['] n. 预见，预测 vt. 预测，预报
estimate ['] v. 估计 n. 估计 , 评估
foresee ['] vt. 预见
prefigure ['] v. 预示
二、流程图必备词汇
after that 之后
at first 起初
at this point 在这一点上
at this time 在这一时间
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during this time 在这段时间

eventually [i'ui] adv. 最后，终于
finally ['ii] adv. 最后
initially [i'ii] adv. 最初，开头
next [] n./adj. 其次（的），下一个
period ['] adj. 过去某段时期的

the first period 第一个时间段
 the next period 下一个时间段
respectively [i'ii] adv. 分别地，各个地
stage [] n. 进程，阶段或时期

in the first stage 在第一阶段
step [step] n. 步骤
 in the next step 下一个步骤
then [] adv. 然后
第二节模板句型
一、开头段常用句型
1. The chart (curve, graph, diagram, picture, table) shows（suggests, describes,
reveals, compares, uncovers, summarises, illustrates) .
图表显示（表明，描述，揭示，比较，揭露，总结，阐明）了。
2. It can be seen from the chart (curve, graph, diagram, picture, table) that .
从图表中可以看出。
3. We can see from the chart (curve, graph, diagram, picture, table) that .
我们从图表中可以看出。
4. It is quite clear/obvious/apparent/evident from the chart (curve, graph, diagram,
picture, table) that .
显然，从图表中可以看出。
5. The chart (curve, graph, diagram, picture, table) provides some interesting data
regarding .
该图为我们提供了有关的有趣数据。
6. This is a curve graph which describes the trend of .
这个曲线图描述了的趋势。
7. As is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table .
如图所示。
8. According to the charts/figures .
根据这些表（数字）。
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9. As is shown in the table .

如表格所示。
rom the table/chart/diagram/figure, we can see clearly that
10. F or it is
clear/apparent from the chart that .
从图表我们可以很清楚（明显）地看到。
11. This table shows the changing proportion of a & b from to .
该表格描述了年到年间 a 与 b 的比例关系。
12. The graph, presented in a pie chart, shows the general trend in .
该图以饼图形式描述了的总趋势。
二、表示“增加（上升）、减少（下降）、不变、波动”的常用句型
1. (year) witnessed/saw a sharp rise in .
年，急剧上升。
2. The number sharply went up to .
数字急剧上升至。
3. A increased by .
A 增长了。
4. A increased to .　
A 增长到。　
5. There is an upward trend in the number of .
数字呈上升趋势。
6. A considerable increase/decrease occurred from to .
到发生急剧上升 / 下降。
7. From this year on，there was a gradual decline/reduction in the ,
reaching a figure of .
从这年起，逐渐下降至。
8. decreased year by year while increased steadily.
逐年减少，而逐步上升。
9. From to , the rate of decrease slows down.
从到，下降速率减慢。　
10. Over the period from to , the remained level.
在至期间，基本不变。
11. The number of remained steady/stable from (month/year) to (month/year).
月（年）至月（年），的数量基本不变。
12. The table shows the changes in the number of over the period from
to .
该表格描述了在年至年间数量的变化。
13. As can be seen from the diagram, great changes have taken place in .
从图中可以看出，发生了巨大的变化。
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14. As can be seen from the graph, the two curves show the fluctuation of .
如图所示，两条曲线描述了的波动情况。
15. The numbers fluctuate during .
数字在期间波动。
16. The trend reversed from .
趋势从开始反转。
三、最高点和最低点
1. The figures of peaked at in (month/year).
的数目在月（年）达到顶点，为。
2. The situation of reached a peak of (a high point at) %.
的情况（局势）到达顶（高）点，为百分之。
3. The figures/situation bottomed out in .
数字（情况）在达到底部。
4. The figures reached the bottom/a low point/hit a trough.
数字（情况）达到底部（低谷）。
四、倍数和比率
1. The graphs show a threefold increase in the number of .
这些图表明的数目增长了三倍。
2. A is times as much/many as B.
A是B的倍。
3. The number of A is twice/three times as much as that of B.
A 的数量是 B 的两 / 三倍。
4. The percentage of stayed the same between and .
至期间，的比率维持不变。
5. The percentage remained steady at .
比率维持在。
6. The percentage of is slightly larger/smaller than that of .
的比率比的比率略高（低）。
7. high/low/great/small/ percentage
比率高（低）
五、比较
1. be similar to
与相似
2. be the same as
与相同
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3. There are a lot of similarities/differences between and .

与之间有许多相似（不同）之处。
4. A has something in common with B.
A 与 B 有共同之处。
5. The difference between A and B lies in .
A 与 B 之间的差别在于。
6. There is not a great deal of difference between and .
与的区别不大。
7. A occupies only 5%, which stands in marked contrast to the 95% of B.
A 只占 5%，而 B 占 95%，二者形成鲜明对比。
8. The number of is much/slightly larger/smaller than that of .
的数量比的数量略高（低）。
六、时间
1. in the years from to
从年到年期间
2. in the years between and
在年到年期间
3. in the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 1998
从 1995 年至 1998 年这三年的时间里
4. from then on/from this time onwards
从那时起
5. at 5 a.m.
早晨 5 点
6. in January
1月
7. on 1st September 2005
2005 年 9 月 1 日
8. by 2011
到 2011 年
9. until 2011
直到 2011 年
10. for the period of / during the period of / over the duration of years
在年的时间里
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段
强化
二部分
第
Day 6-16 第一章议论文真题 66 篇
第一节科技
2013年9月7日考题
——核能的优缺点
WRITING TASK 2
Nuclear energy is better than other sources of energy to meet the increasing need. To
what extent do you agree or disagree?
考题解释
核能比其他能源能够更好地满足日益增长的需求。
你对此有什么看法？
文章结构
开头段转述题目背景→ 转述题目→ 引起下文
第二段优点分析段落中心句→ 第一个优点→ 第二个优点
第三段缺点分析段落中心句→（第一个缺点 + 举例）→ 第二个缺点

结尾段总结全文总结全文→ 自己的观点
考官范文
Although mankind has been dependent on fossil fuel for many centuries, scientists
never give up their effort to seek for new energy sources. Among these, nuclear energy
has been considered as a prominent alternative in some developed countries and this
phenomenon has aroused a heated debate among the citizens.
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The advantages of nuclear power are multiple but the most obvious one is its high
efficiency. It is a fact that a single nuclear plant can generate several times as much
power as a conventional power station burning coal or natural gas. So the production
of nuclear energy means a solution to the problem of increasingly severe energy
shortage. In addition, unlike some fossil fuels, the generation of nuclear energy does
not emit greenhouse gas, causing no pollution to the air, which is of great importance
to the environment.
However, it is too early to come to the conclusion that nuclear energy is the
best, as nuclear power stations are vulnerable to external forces and have unavoidable
dangers. The latest example was the catastrophic leakage of nuclear waste in the wake
of an earthquake in Japan. Therefore, nuclear power is not regarded as a “safe” source
of energy. In addition, the development of nuclear power relies on Uranium, which is
scarce on earth. This means nuclear energy is not sustainable in the long run and it can
not solve energy crisis fundamentally.
In conclusion, nuclear power is a double-edged sword. It is expected to continue

serving the mankind in the long term, but meanwhile we should make our effort to
explore other better energy sources, such as solar energy, wind energy and tidal power.
范文译文
虽然人类许多世纪以来一直依赖于矿物燃料，但科学家从没放弃他们的努力去寻找新
的能源。其中，核能在一些发达国家一直被视为一种突出的替代（能源），这种现象引起
了人们热烈的讨论。
核能的优势很多，但最明显的一点是它的效率非常高。一个事实就是，一座核电站所
产生的能量相当于一座靠煤或天然气发电的传统电站的几倍。所以核能的生产意味着能够
解决日益严重的能源短缺问题。此外，不像矿物燃料，核能的生产不会排放温室气体，对
大气无污染，这对环境是非常重要的。
然而，就此得出结论说核能是最好的能源还为时尚早，因为核电站易受到外力的攻击，
有不可避免的危险。最近的例子就是日本地震后核废料的灾难性泄漏。因此，核能不被视
为是一种“安全”的能源。此外，核能的发展依赖于铀，而地球上又很缺乏这种物质。这
就意味着，从长远来看，核能是不可持续的，因此它并不能从根本上解决能源危机。
总之，核能是一把双刃剑。它将继续长期服务于人类，但同时我们也应该努力开发其
他更好的能源，例如太阳能，风能和潮汐能。
102
万能框架
Although mankind has been for many centuries,
never give up their effort to . Among
these, has been considered as a prominent alternative in some
developed countries and this phenomenon has aroused a heated debate among the
citizens.
The advantages of are multiple but the most obvious one is

. It is a fact that can generate several times
as much power as . So the production of
means a solution to the problem of increasingly severe . In addition,
, which is of great importance to .
However, it is too early to come to the conclusion that ,

as . The latest example was . Therefore,
. In addition, . This means .
In conclusion, is a double-edged sword. It is expected

to continue , but meanwhile we should make our effort to
, such as .
——计算机比人类更聪明的利弊
WRITING TASK 2
Some scientists think it is very soon that computers will be more intelligent than humans.
Some people think it is a positive development, while others think it is a negative development.
考题解释
一些科学家认为，很快计算机将比人类更聪明。有些人认为这是一个积极的发展，而
103
其他人则认为这是一种消极的发展。
讨论这两种观点并给出你自己的看法。
文章结构
第二段积极的方面段落中心句→（第一个理由 + 举例）→ 第二个理由
第三段消极的方面段落中心句→ 第一个理由→ 第二个理由

考官范文
Computer technology has been advancing so fast since its invention that some
scientists believe it is a matter of time that computers will become more clever than
humans. This viewpoint excites many people, but it also arouses some concerns about
its hidden hazards to human beings.
Those who are optimistic about this trend give their reasons as follows. The first
one is that intelligent computers would reduce human labor to an enormous extent. For
example, in factories workers are liberated from the boring and repetitive jobs, which
can be done perfectly by automated equipment. Therefore, people would have more
time for leisure and recreation and life would become more comfortable and enjoyable.
Moreover, intelligent machines can usually work more efficiently and accurately than
their human counterparts and never feel tired or fear any danger. So they would
increase the productivity of the whole world and bring human race more fortune.
However, it also makes sense to worry about the potential risks that
computational intelligence may bring to human race. Firstly, it is generally believed
that the high rate of unemployment would be inevitable if artificial intelligent machines
are widely used to substitute for human labors. In addition, some pessimists show their
concern about ethical issues, worrying that robots are likely to manipulate humans.
To sum up, we cannot deny that both sides are well-grounded. In my opinion, no
matter how intelligent a computer is, it is programmed by human beings and is under
their control for sure. Computer technology is supposed to be neutral and poses no
threat to human designers. If we put it to good use, then we would make the most of
this technology.
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范文译文
计算机技术自发明以来发展得如此迅速，以至于一些科学家认为，迟早计算机将变得
比人类更聪明。这种观点使很多人感到兴奋，但也引起了一些有关它对人类存在的潜在危
害的担忧。
那些看好这个趋势的人给出了如下的理由。第一是智能计算机将在很大程度上减少人
类的劳动。例如，在工厂，工人从枯燥而重复的工作中解放出来，这些工作可以用自动化
设备完美地完成。因此，人们会有更多的时间去休闲和娱乐，因此生活将会变得更舒适愉
快。此外，智能机器通常可以比人类更有效、更准确地工作，并且它们从来不会觉得疲惫
或害怕任何危险。所以它们会提高全世界的生产力，进而给人类带来更多的财富。
然而，担心智能计算机会给人类带来潜在风险也是有道理的。首先，人们普遍认为，
如果人工智能机器被广泛地用于替代人类的劳动，高失业率将不可避免。此外，一些悲观
主义者表示了他们对伦理问题的关注，担心机器人可能会去操纵人类。
总之，我们不能否认，双方都有充分的根据。在我看来，无论电脑有多么聪明，无疑，
它都是由人类编程并且受人类的控制。计算机技术应该是中性的，对设计它的人类没有威
胁。如果我们好好利用它，那么我们将最大限度地从中获益。
万能框架
Computer technology has been advancing so fast since its invention that some
scientists believe it is a matter of time that . This viewpoint
excites many people, but it also arouses some concerns about its hidden hazards to
human beings.
Those who are optimistic about this trend give their reasons as follows. The first
one is that . For example, . Therefore,
. Moreover, . So .
However, it also makes sense to worry about the potential risks that
may bring to human race. Firstly, it is generally believed that
. In addition, some pessimists show their concern about
, worrying that .
To sum up, we cannot deny that both sides are well-grounded. In my opinion,
. .
105
—— 农业中使用化肥和机械
WRITING TASK 2
Food has become cheaper and food production has increased due to the use of fertiliser
and better machinery. However, some believe this will do harm to the health of humans and
local community as a whole.
考题解释
由于使用化肥和利用更好的机械，食物变得更加便宜了，产量也增加了。然而，一些
人认为这对于人类的健康以及当地的整个社区都会造成危害。
你在多大程度上同意或者不同意？
文章结构
第二段优点段段落中心句→ 第一个优点→ 第二个优点→ 第三个优点
段落中心句→ 第一个缺点→（第二个缺点 + 举例）→ 第

第三段缺点段
三个缺点
结尾段自己的观点总结全文→ 自己的观点
考官范文
In recent years, due to the widespread use of fertilisers and farm machinery, there
is a significant growth in the food production all over the world. However, some
people are concerned that this trend may have negative impacts on people’s health
and the environment. This essay aims to discuss both the merits and demerits of
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modern agriculture.
On the one hand, agricultural modernisation brings huge benefits to mankind.

First of all, as the world population keeps going up, the demand for food supply
increases every year. In many countries and regions, food shortage and malnutrition
remain a serious problem, posing a threat to people’s survival and health. Since
the amount of arable land is limited, there is no doubt that traditional agriculture
needs to be updated in order to feed the growing number of people. The introduction
of fertilisers, pesticides and machinery has proved to be an effective way to raise the
production of grains and has extricated numerous people from hunger. In addition
to that, better mechanised agriculture allows more land to be farmed by fewer people.
Farm work therefore becomes more efficient and less time-consuming. As a combined
result, food is becoming cheaper, which of course benefits consumers in general.
Although the advantages of applying machinery and fertilisers to agriculture

are too obvious to be denied, there are after-effects that are certainly not in favour
of natural human health and environment. The first thing people worry about
is the harm done to people’s health. Pesticides can kill pests and fertilisers enhance the
growth of crops, but both of them contain chemical ingredients that threaten people’s
health. Furthermore, the residual chemicals pollute the soil and underground water. For
example, in some areas, the overuse of fertilisers leads to the bloom of weeds in rivers and
lakes, causing unbalance of the ecological system. Finally, agricultural equipment requires
diesel fuel to operate, which inevitably causes air pollution. Thus, the more machines are
used, the more air pollution there is in the countryside.
In conclusion, modern agricultural practices have brought rich sources of food, but
they have also put human health, local ecology and environment at risk. However, the
truth is that now it is impossible to do without machines and fertilisers on farms, especially
when the global population is growing rapidly. So at this point the world is nervously
expecting the coming of environment-friendly machinery and risk-free fertilisers.
范文译文
近年来，由于广泛使用化肥和农用机械，全世界的食品生产有了极大的提高。然而，
一些人担心，这种趋势可能给人类的健康和环境带来负面的影响。本文旨在讨论现代农业
的优点和缺点。
一方面，农业现代化给人类带来了巨大的利益。首先，随着世界人口的不断增长，对
粮食供应的需求每年都在增加。在许多国家和地区，食物短缺和营养不良仍然是一个严重
的问题，威胁着人们的生存和健康。由于耕地数量有限，毫无疑问的是，传统农业需要更
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加现代化，以养活越来越多的人口。化肥、农药和机械的使用已证明是增加粮食产量的一
种有效的方式，帮助无数的人摆脱了饥饿。此外，更好的机械化农业使得较少的人能够耕
种更多的土地。农场工作因此变得更高效、更省时。结果食品更便宜了，这当然有利于广
大的消费者。
虽然农业中利用机械和化肥有着非常明显的、不可否认的优点，但是对人体健康和自
然环境当然也有负面的影响。人们首先最担心的是对人体健康的损害。农药可以杀死害虫，
肥料促进作物的生长，但他们都含有化学成分，这些成分威胁着人类的健康。此外，残留
的化学物质会污染土壤和地下水。例如，在一些地区，过度使用化肥导致河流和湖泊里野
草丛生，造成生态系统的失衡。最后，农业设备需要燃烧柴油，这必然会导致空气污染。
因此，使用的机器越多，农村的空气污染就越严重。
总之，现代农业实践带来了丰富的食物来源，但它们也给人类的健康、当地的生态和
环境带来了风险。然而，事实却是，现在的农场是不可能没有机器和肥料的，尤其是当全球
人口迅速增长的时候。所以，此时全世界都在急切地期待着环保机械和无污染肥料的出现。
万能框架
In recent years, due to , there is a significant growth in
. However, some people are concerned that this trend may have
negative impacts on . This essay aims to discuss both the merits
and demerits of modern agriculture.
On the one hand, agricultural modernisation brings huge benefits to mankind.

First of all, . . . In
addition to that, . . As a combined result,
.
Although the advantages of applying machinery and fertilisers to agriculture

are too obvious to be denied, there are after-effects that are certainly not in favour
of natural human health and environment. The first thing people worry about is
. . Furthermore, .
For example, . Finally, . Thus, the more
, the more .
In conclusion, . However, the truth is that .

So at this point .
原题重现
2005 年 2 月 5 日考题
Food can be produced much more cheaply today because of improved fertilisers
108
and better machinery. However, some of the methods used to do this may be dangerous
to human health and may have negative effects on local communities.
—— 技术进步的影响
WRITING TASK 2
Some people think that the development of technology has made our life more complex, so
we should make the life simpler without using technology.
考题解释
一些人认为技术的发展使我们的生活更复杂了，因此我们应该过更简单的生活，不要
使用技术。
你在多大程度上同意或不同意？
文章结构
开头段转述题目背景→ 转述题目→ 自己的观点→ 引起下文
第二段分析段段落中心句→ 支持句
第三段分析段段落中心句→ 第一个例子→ 第二个例子
第四段让步段让步句→ 例子→ 支持句→ 转折句
结尾段总结全文总结全文→ 再次强调自己的观点→ 建议要采取的措施
109
考官范文
Staggering progress in science and technology has been made in the last
century. However, some people harbor the perspective that this progress also gives
rise to some negative effects on people’s life, making it more complicated than ever
before. But as far as I am concerned, I can only disagree with the statement. The
reasons are presented below.
In the first place, the human species’ use of technology began with the conversion
of natural resources into simple tools. The prehistorical discovery of the ability to
control fire increased the available sources of food and the invention of the wheel
helped humans in travelling. So if our ancestors had refused to use any technology, we
should still live in a “primitive society”.
In the second place, recent technological developments, including the telephone

and the Internet, have lessened physical barriers to communication and allowed humans
to interact freely on a global scale, which has facilitated our life dramatically in
several ways. Take the way we communicate with each other for an example, which
is a very obvious case. It would take several days to send a letter to your families
or friends in the past, but now it just needs a click and they will receive your e-mail
immediately. In addition, we could take transportation as another example. Flight is
changing the traditional ways of travelling, and the popularisation of airplanes has led to
the boom of global trade and tourism. People can travel to any parts of the world if they
want, and some elites even wander around several countries in a short period of time.
Admittedly, some negative effects exerted by technology also jeopardise

our life. For example, some brand new technologies such as clone and gene
technology might result in ethical problems. And technological progress has also led
to environmental damage and energy depletion. Nevertheless, we should not stop
eating for fear of choking.
To sum up, after taking the above points into account, I am convinced that
the merits of taking advantage of technology far outweigh its demerits. Therefore,
it is strongly recommended that we further encourage its progress while alerting
the public to its potential harms.
范文译文
上个世纪，科学和技术取得了惊人的进步。然而，有些人认为这种进步也给人们的生
活带来了一些消极的影响，使它变得比从前更复杂了。但是，就我而言，我不同意这种观
点。原因如下。
110
首先，人类对技术的使用始于把自然资源变成简单的工具。史前发现的控制火的能力
增加了获取食物的来源，汽车的发明帮助人类旅行。所以，如果我们的祖先拒绝使用任何
技术，我们应该仍然生活在“原始社会”。
其次，最近的技术发展，包括电话和互联网，减少了沟通的自然障碍，使人类能够自
由地在全球范围内互动，这在很多方面极大地改善了我们的生活。显而易见的例子就是我
们相互间交流方式的改变。过去，给家人或朋友写信要好几天才能送到，但是现在你只需
要点一下鼠标，他们就可以马上收到电子邮件。此外，我们可以把交通作为另外一个例子。
飞机正在改变着传统的出行方式，而且，飞机的普及促进了全球贸易和旅游业的繁荣。只
要想去，人们可以到世界上的任何地方旅游，一些精英人士甚至在很短的时间内周游几个
国家。
无疑，科技带来的一些负面影响也给我们的生活带来了危害。例如，一些全新的科技
比如克隆和基因技术可能会导致伦理问题。并且，技术的进步还导致了环境破坏和能源枯
竭。然而，我们却不应该因噎废食。
总之，考虑到上述观点，我坚信技术发展带来的好处远远超过其坏处。因此，我们强
烈建议在进一步鼓励科技进步的同时提醒公众警惕其潜在的危害。
万能框架
Staggering progress in science and technology has been made in the last century.
However, some people harbor the perspective that gives rise to
some negative effects on . But as far as I am concerned, I can
only disagree with the statement. The reasons are presented below.
In the first place, . . .
In the second place, , which has facilitated our life dramatically
in several ways. Take for an example, which is a very obvious
case. . In addition, we could take as
another example. .
Admittedly, some negative effects exerted by also jeopardise
our life. For example, . And . Nevertheless,
we should not stop eating for fear of choking.
To sum up, after taking the above points into account, I am convinced that the
merits of far outweigh its demerits. Therefore, it is strongly
recommended that we further encourage its progress while alerting the public to its
potential harms.
111
类似考题
2010 年 2 月 27 日考题
Some people hold that technological progress in the last 100 years has brought
negative effects upon society.
—— 出国旅游还是通过网络和电视来了解其他国家
WRITING TASK 2
Some people think that it is necessary to travel abroad to learn about other countries, but
other people think that it is not necessary to do so because all the information can be obtained
on TV and the Internet.
考题解释
一些人认为要想了解其他国家就有必要出国旅游，但是另外一些人认为这么做没有必
要，因为所有的信息都可以通过电视和互联网获取。
讨论双方观点并给出你自己的观点。
文章结构
开头段转述题目背景→ 双方观点→ 引起下文
第二段一方观点段落中心句→ 第一个理由→ 第二个理由
第三段另一方观点段落中心句→ 第一个理由→ 第二个理由→ 第三个理由
112
考官范文
Nowadays, it seems to be an unavoidable trend that millions of people are
fond of travelling abroad to enjoy life and explore a totally different world.
Against this background, some people assert that it is actually of little necessity to
do overseas sightseeing in person since the computer could perfectly play the role of the
guide of scenic spots, while there are also quite a few people who strongly despise
the above attitude. This is a very controversial issue and people hold quite
different opinions on it.
People who favour travelling abroad to learn about other countries give their
reasons as follows. Firstly, travelling abroad is a kind of visual enjoyment and spiritual
trip. So the most advantaged benefit is that people can deeply “feel” the country and
have a vivid impression of it. In addition, by this way, one can deepen one’s insight
into another culture, custom and lifestyle. Since people can see the historic relics and
beautiful landscapes in person, they will have a comprehensive understanding of the
country as a whole.
However, there are also some others who contend that this practice of knowing
other countries is not suitable for most people. On the one hand, it is highly costly for
ordinary people to travel abroad, and most people cannot afford to visit exotic scenery
in person. On the other hand, there are many other economical ways to appreciate
oversea places, of which TV and the Internet are the fast, convenient and up-to-date
ones. There are avalanches of articles, pictures and video clips on TV and the Internet.
And the contents almost include all the information one can imagine. Last but not
least, TV and the Internet can effectively surmount the geographical barrier. No matter
what places one wants to acquaint oneself with in other countries, he/she will be
satisfied immediately by them.
Both sides make sense. However, to my mind, I would say that as for those
who have large sums of money and time, travelling overseas in person enjoy more
merits, while for those ordinary people, we can never underestimate the availability of
TV and the Internet.
范文译文
如今，数以百万计的人喜欢出国旅游，以享受生活，探索完全不同的世界，这似乎是
一个不可避免的趋势。在这种背景下，一些人断言，亲自去海外旅游其实没有多大的必要
性，因为电脑完全可以发挥旅游景点向导的作用；然而，也有相当一部分人强烈反对上面
的态度。这是一个很有争议的问题，人们对此持有截然不同的观点。
赞成通过出国旅游来了解其他国家的人给出了下列理由。首先，出国旅游是一种视觉
113
的享受和精神之旅。因此，最大的好处是人们可以深切地“感受”那个国家，对那里有一
个生动的印象。此外，通过这种方式，可以加深人们对另一种文化、习俗和生活方式的洞察。
由于可以亲自看到历史遗迹和美丽的风景，他们将会对这个国家的整体有一个全面的了解。
不过，也有一些人争辩说，这种了解其他国家的做法对大多数人来说不合适。一方面，
对于普通人来说出国旅游的成本太高，大多数人支付不起亲临异国风光的费用。另一方面，
还有许多其他经济的方法可以欣赏海外的风光，其中，电视和互联网就是快速、方便和及
时的渠道。电视和互联网上有海量的文章、图片以及视频片段。内容几乎囊括了所有人们
能够想象得到的信息。最后但同样重要的一点是，电视和互联网可以有效地克服地理障碍。
不管一个人想要了解其他国家的什么地方，他 / 她都可以通过电视和互联网立即得到满足。
双方都有道理。然而，在我看来，我会说，对于那些拥有大笔金钱和大量时间的人，
亲自去海外旅行可以享受更多的好处；而对于那些普通人来说，我们绝不能低估电视和互
联网的可用性。
万能框架
Nowadays, it seems to be an unavoidable trend that millions of people are fond
of travelling abroad to enjoy life and explore a totally different world. Against this
background, some people assert that , while there are also quite
a few people who strongly despise the above attitude. This is a very controversial issue
and people hold quite different opinions on it.
People who favour give their reasons as follows. Firstly,
. So the most advantaged benefit is that . In
addition, by this way, one can .
However, there are also some others who contend that . On
the one hand, . On the other hand, . Last but
not least, .
Both sides make sense. However, to my mind, I would say that .
—— 机器人的利弊
WRITING TASK 2
Some people think that robots are very important to humans’ future develop-
ment, while others think that they are dangerous and have negative effects on society.
114
考题解释
一些人认为机器人对于人类的未来发展很重要，而另一些人则认为机器人很危险，对
于社会有负面影响。
讨论双方的观点并给出你自己的观点。
文章结构
开头段转述题目背景→ 双方的观点→ 引起下文
第二段一方观点段落中心句→ 第一个理由→（第二个理由+举例）→第三个

理由
考官范文
Robots are not the fictional image any longer and they are popping into
our everyday life. Some people think that robots are crucial to humans’ future
development, while others think that they have negative impacts on people and can
bring extreme danger in the future. It is quite understandable that people from
different backgrounds give different interpretations of the same issue.
People who support that robots are very helpful to humans’ future development
give the following reasons. To begin with, robotic systems with artificial intelligence
can perform many burdensome industrial duties so that people can be released to
concentrate on more creative tasks. Then, robots can work under some extreme
circumstances where human beings can not survive. For example, after an earthquake
of magnitude 9 in Japan, at least two rescue teams used robots as assistants in the search
and rescue operations. Furthermore, robots can help people to handle a huge amount
of information. In the modern age of knowledge explosion, technologies and theories
upgrade at an amazing speed. But robots can memorise, sort out and output all the
information easily. Without these automatic machines, it would be impossible for people
to catch up with the forward current.
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Some people examine this issue from another angle. They claim that robots
are dangerous and have negative influence on society. One reason for this is that much
reliance on robots may lead to social chaos. As machines, they have chances of breaking
down, by viruses or hacking. If all robots in service broke down, our society would not
function properly. In addition, robots may pose the possible increase of unemployment
in the future. This can be evidenced by the fact that employers will choose robots
as work force instead of human beings, because robots do not need any salary, and
moreover they will not complain or feel sick. Last but not least, robots cannot be
responsible for their action, which will have potential dangers for the human beings.
Admittedly, both sides are reasonable. But they are one-sided. In my opinion,
the use of robots is beyond all discussion, but we should make sure that robots are
completely under control and used rightfully by their lords.
范文译文
机器人不再是虚构的形象，它们已经进入我们的日常生活。一些人认为机器人对人类
的未来发展至关重要，而另一些人认为它们对人类有负面的影响，将来会造成极大的危险。
来自不同背景的人对同样的问题有不同的看法是可以理解的。
那些赞同机器人有助于人类未来发展的人给出了下列一些理由。首先，具备人工智能的
机器人系统可以执行很多繁重的工业任务，因此人们可以被解放出来，去完成更具创造性的
任务。其次，机器人能够在人类无法存活的极端环境下工作。例如，日本 9 级大地震发生后，
至少有两支救援队启用机器人作为搜救行动中的助手。此外，机器人可以帮助人们处理大量
的信息。在知识爆炸的年代，技术和理论更新的速度惊人。但机器人能够很容易地对信息进
行存储、分类和输出。如果没有这些自动化的机器，人们不可能跟上前进的大潮。
有的人从另一个角度来审视这一问题。他们声称机器人是危险的，而且对社会有负面
的影响。其中的一个原因是，过度依赖机器人可能会导致社会混乱。作为机器，它们有可
能由于病毒感染或黑客袭击而出现故障。如果所有提供服务的机器人都出现故障，我们的
社会将无法正常运转。此外，机器人在未来造成失业的可能性会增加。这一点很明显，雇
主会选择机器人而不是人类作为劳动力，因为机器人不需要任何工资，而且它们也不会抱
怨或感到不适。最后但同样重要的一点是，机器人不能对自己的行为负责，这会对人类构
成潜在的威胁。
诚然，双方都有道理。但他们都是片面的。在我看来，对机器人的利用毋庸置疑，但
我们应当确保机器人完全受到控制并且被他们的主人恰当使用。
万能框架
Robots are not the fictional image any longer and they are popping into our
everyday life. Some people think that , while others think that
116
. It is quite understandable that people from different backgrounds

give different interpretations of the same issue.
People who support that give the following reasons. To begin
with, . Then, . For example, .
Furthermore, .
Some people examine this issue from another angle. They claim that .
One reason for this is that . In addition, .Last but
not least, .
Admittedly, both sides are reasonable. But they are one-sided. In my opinion,
.
类似考题
2010 年 3 月 20 日考题
In today’s society, more and more work is done by machines.
Do you think the positive effects of the development overweigh the negative effects
on individuals and society?
第二节教育
——大学学习与职业发展
WRITING TASK 2
Some people believe that studying in a college or university is the best way for students
to prepare for their future career. Others think they should leave school as soon as possible to
develop their career through work experience.
Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.
117
考题解释
有些人认为，在大学学习是学生为他们的未来职业生涯做准备的最好方式。另一些人
认为，他们应该尽早离开学校，通过工作经验来发展自己的职业。
讨论这两种观点并给出你自己的观点。
文章结构
开头段转述题目转述题目→引起下文
第二段一方观点第一个理由→ 第二个理由
第三段另一方观点第一个理由→ 第二个理由
结尾段自己的观点表明自己的观点
考官范文
Traditionally, higher education is considered as a necessary pathway for
a person to succeed in his future career. However, in recent years, there has
appeared a viewpoint that leaving school at an early age to gain work experience in
society is the best choice for young people. This essay will discuss the issue from
both sides.
There is no doubt that students in the university can not only acquire specialised
knowledge systematically, but also receive strict training in terms of critical thinking.
Armed with solid academic background and independent perspectives, holders of col-
lege diplomas could stand more chances of securing a decent job. Besides, nowadays
as the competition is becoming increasingly fierce in the job market, a bachelor or
master degree and certain certificates are often required by recruiters of top internation-
al firms. In this case, those who attend university are more likely to have an edge
over other job hunters.
However, some people hold the opinion that young people can learn more by
taking up certain jobs. In real tasks, they would master practical skills, which can meet
the real need of society. Also, they would accumulate more experience in solving differ-
ent problems and dealing with different people, putting themselves in an advantageous
position to compete with their peers.
My own opinion is that in any society there is demand for workers at different
levels, from professional to non-skilled; therefore, anyone diligent can find his or her
position. In other words, either going to university or beginning to work early can be
118
a wise choice as long as people make their decision on their interests or personal
traits. Only when they are doing a job they have passion for, can they achieve the
best performance. As an old Chinese saying goes: “One may distinguish himself in
any trade.”
范文译文
传统上，高等教育被认为是一个人未来事业成功的必要途径。然而，近年来，出现了
一个观点，那就是，早点儿离开学校以便在社会上获得工作经验，这对于年轻人来说是最
好的选择。本文将从两个方面讨论这个问题。
毫无疑问，在大学里学生不仅可以获得系统的专业化知识，也能在批判性思维方面受
到严格的训练。有了扎实的学术背景和独立的观点，拥有大学文凭的人更有可能找到一份
体面的工作。此外，目前就业市场的竞争日益激烈，本科或硕士学位和某些证书通常是国
际顶级企业招聘者所要求的。在这种情况下，那些接受大学教育的人更有可能比其他求职
者占优势。
然而，有些人认为，年轻人可以通过从事某种工作去学得更多的东西。在实际工作中，
他们会掌握实用的技能，这些技能可以满足社会的实际需要。同时，在解决不同的问题以
及和不同的人打交道的过程中，他们将积累更多的经验，使自己在同龄人中更具有竞争力。
我的观点是，任何社会都有对不同层次的劳动者的需求，包括专业人士和非技术人员
等；因此，任何勤奋的人都能找到他或她的位置。换句话说，只要人们能够根据他们的兴
趣或个人特点来做出选择，无论是去上大学还是尽早参加工作都是一个明智的选择。只有
当一个人做一件他非常热爱的事情时，他才能够有最好的表现。中国有句古话：
“三百六十
行，行行出状元。”
万能框架
Traditionally, is considered as a necessary pathway for a person to
succeed in his future career. However, in recent years, there has appeared a viewpoint
that . This essay will discuss the issue from both sides.
There is no doubt that can not only , but
also . . Besides, nowadays as the competition is
becoming increasingly fierce in , . In this case, those
who are more likely to have an edge over other job hunters.
However, some people hold the opinion that . .
Also, , .
My own opinion is that in any society there is demand for ;
therefore, anyone diligent can find his or her position. In other words, either
119
or can be a wise choice as long as people make

their decision on their interests or personal traits. Only when they ,
can they achieve the best performance. As an old Chinese saying goes: .
原题重现
2007 年 9 月 1 日考题
Some people think that studying in a college or university is the best way for
students to prepare for their future career. But others think they should leave school as
soon as possible to develop their career through work experience.
——远程学习的利弊
WRITING TASK 2
Universities and colleges are now offering qualifications through distance learning from
the Internet rather than teachers in the classroom.
Do you think the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?
考题解释
大学和学院正在通过互联网授课而不是通过教师在课堂上教学来授予资格证书。
你是否认为这一发展的好处大于弊端？
文章结构
第二段优点分析段落中心句→ 第一个理由→ 第二个理由
120
第三段缺点分析段落中心句→（第一个理由 + 举例）→ 第二个理由
考官范文
The invention of the Internet has greatly revolutionised the mode of education.
In recent years, a growing number of institutions of higher education are offering diplo-
mas and degrees to students who have attended their on-line courses. However, there is
still a controversy over the merits and demerits of this new practice.
Compared with the traditional way of learning in the classroom, this new pattern
has many benefits in some aspect. First of all, distance learning programmes offer a
valuable option for people with special needs, such as the disabled, full time workers or
those who have babies to take care of and are not able to attend class at regular hours.
Moreover, courses can be recorded and made into video programmes, so students can
listen to the contents over and over again until they fully understand them. As for lectur-
ers, they do not have to repeat the same materials in different classes, which saves them
a great deal of time and energy.
However, the downsides of this new mode of learning are also obvious and
should never be neglected. To start with, as some adolescents lack self-discipline and
are easily attracted by other contents on the Internet, they are likely to lose motivation
to study without supervision from teachers. For instance, some young people who
choose the online courses are easily distracted from their studying by some exciting
online games or web chatting with their friends. In addition, students who depend on
learning on line tend to have less opportunity to communicate and interact with their
peers and teachers in reality, which is not beneficial to the development of their so-
cial skills and team spirit.
In conclusion, distance learning makes education more flexible and efficient, but it
cannot replace learning with teachers in the classroom, because the role of education is
more than granting qualifications.
范文译文
互联网的发明大大改变了教育的模式。近年来，越来越多的高等教育机构都在给那些
已经参加了他们的在线课程的学生们颁发文凭和学位。然而，对于这种新的做法的利弊仍
然存在着争议。
与传统的课堂学习方式相比，这种新的模式在某些方面有许多好处。首先，远程学习
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课程为那些有特殊需求的人提供了一个有价值的选择，比如残疾人，全职工人或那些有孩
子需要照顾，因此不能有规律地到教室上课的人。此外，课程可以被录制并制作成视频，
所以学生们可以反复学习里面的内容，直到他们完全理解为止。至于老师，他们不需要在
不同的班级中重复相同的内容，从而节省了大量的时间和精力。
然而，这种新的学习方式的缺点也显而易见，不容忽视。首先，由于一些青少年缺乏
自律并且很容易被互联网上的其他内容吸引，在没有老师监督下，他们可能会失去学习的
动力。例如，选择网络课程的一些年轻人很容易因一些令人兴奋的游戏或者在网络上和朋
友聊天而分散学习的精力。此外，那些依靠网络学习的学生很少有机会与他们的同伴和老
师在现实中进行相互交流，这对于他们的社交能力和团队精神的发展是不利的。
总之，远程学习使教育更加灵活有效，但它不能取代在课堂上和老师一起学习，因为
教育的作用不仅仅是授予证书。
万能框架
The invention of the Internet has greatly revolutionised the mode of education. In
recent years, a growing number of . However, there is still a controversy
over the merits and demerits of this new practice.
Compared with , this new pattern has many benefits in some aspect.
First of all, . Moreover, .
However, the downsides of this new mode of learning are also obvious and should
never be neglected. To start with, . For instance, . In
addition, , which is not beneficial to the development of .
In conclusion, , .
原题重现
2010 年 5 月 15 日考题
Nowadays, distance-learning programmes are common things for us, but some people
argue that they are not as good as those by attending in a college or university in person.
——父母是否应该学习育儿课程
WRITING TASK 2
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Caring for children is important in any society. All parents should be required to take
childcare courses.
考题解释
照看孩子在任何社会中都很重要。所有的父母都应该被要求参加育儿课程。
你在何种程度上同意或不同意？
文章结构
开头段转述题目转述题目→ 自己的观点→ 引起下文
第二段理由段第一个理由→ 第二个理由→ 第三个理由
第三段让步段让步句→ 第一个转折句→ 第二个转折句
结尾段总结全文总结全文→ 再次强调自己的观点
考官范文
There is no doubt that parents should take responsibility for educating their
children to be useful members of society. Therefore, there is a claim that all young
parents need to take childcare training courses so that they can better nurture their
children. Personally, I support the statement and I do think it is a practical
proposal.
Childcare, particularly infant care is a relatively tricky task which involves not
only love but practical skills. Therefore, it is essential that such courses be pro-
vided and shared. In addition, many parents find it hard to communicate with their
sons or daughters, who also refuse to exchange ideas with their parents. To tackle
these problems, parenting classes seem to be a good option. Professional advice from
educators and experts would enable those parents to have a better understanding of
their children’s psychology and personality, and thus they can give their children suit-
able guidance.
It is also understandable that working parents are sometimes not in a
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position to get involved in formal parenting courses. Nevertheless, such obstacles

can be removed by flexible ways of delivering childcare courses, such as the Internet,
TV or radio. Meanwhile, since childcare training is related to the overall quality of a
nation, the government should cover most of the cost and the parents do not have to
worry about the fees.
In conclusion, my personal point of view is that childcare training courses

should be encouraged. They promote the healthy development of a person in the
early stage of life. That is to say, this practice makes eligible parents, a happy family
and a strong nation.
范文译文
毫无疑问，父母有责任教育他们的孩子，使之成为有用的社会成员。因此，有一种说
法，那就是所有这些年轻的父母都应该参加育儿培训课程，从而使他们能够更好地培养他
们的孩子。就我个人而言，我支持这种说法，而且我的确认为这是一个切实可行的建议。
儿童，尤其是婴幼儿护理是一项比较棘手的任务，涉及的不仅是爱而且还有实际的技
能。因此，提供和分享这样的课程是必要的。此外，许多家长发现很难与他们的儿子或者
女儿沟通，孩子们也不愿意与父母交流思想。为了解决这些问题，亲子班似乎是一个很好
的选择。来自教育工作者和专家的专业意见使得那些家长能够更好地理解他们孩子的心理
和个性，因此他们能够给孩子提供适当的指导。
忙于工作的父母们没有时间去参加正规的亲子教育课程也是可以理解的。然而，这些
障碍可以通过提供灵活的育儿课程的方法去解决，如互联网、电视或广播。同时，由于育
儿培训关系到一个民族的整体素质，所以政府应该承担大部分的花费，从而家长不必担心
费用问题。
总之，我个人的观点是，育儿培训课程应该受到鼓励。它们有助于一个人早期阶段的
健康发展。也就是说，这种做法会使父母合格、家庭幸福和国家强大。
万能框架
There is no doubt that should take responsibility for .
Therefore, there is a claim that need to so that they can
. Personally, I support the statement and I do think it is a practical proposal.
is a relatively tricky task which involves not only love but practical
skills. Therefore, it is essential that . In addition, many parents find it
hard to . To tackle these problems, seem to be a good
option. .
It is also understandable that are sometimes not in a position to
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. Nevertheless, such obstacles can be removed by , such

as . Meanwhile, .
In conclusion, my personal point of view is that should be encouraged.
They promote . That is to say, this practice makes .
原题重现
2009 年 9 月 12 日考题
Caring for children is probably the most important thing of society. It is suggested
that all mothers and fathers should be required to take childcare training courses.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with the statement?
——孩子增加学习时间的利弊
WRITING TASK 2
In some countries, parents expect their children to spend long time studying both in and
after school and have less free time.
What are the positive and negative effects on children and the society they live in?
考题解释
在一些国家，父母希望他们的孩子在校内外都花很长的时间来学习，减少空闲时间。
这对于儿童和他们所生活的社会有哪些积极和消极的影响？
文章结构
第二段积极影响段落中心句→ 第一个影响→ 第二个影响
第三段消极影响段落中心句→（第一个影响 + 举例）→ 第二个影响
结尾段提出建议总结全文→ 再次强调自己的观点
125
考官范文
In many parts of the world, children are often required to concentrate on their
study both in and after school. Although some benefits might be produced, I tend
to believe this trend brings more drawbacks to children and society.
Admittedly, the positive effects of studying hard are obvious. Focusing on their
study, students can acquire more theoretical knowledge and master more practical skills,
which are essential for them to get an ideal job. And what is more, as one country’s
development and prosperity is closely related to its young generation’s talents, young
people with comprehensive knowledge tend to make more contribution to the sustain-
able development of society.
However, if children are fully devoted to study and enjoy less leisure time, a series
of problems may arise subsequently. First of all, due to lack of sufficient physical
exercise, obesity and eyesight decline have become a common phenomenon among
the youth. For instance, an increasing number of primary school students nowadays
have to wear glasses. Moreover, some students attach so much value to their study
that they ignore the development of independence and social skills. Consequently,
they find it hard to adapt to society after graduation, which, in some cases, leads to
psychological problems or even results in the increase of juvenile delinquency in so-
ciety.
To sum up, it is correct for students to study hard to prepare for their future, but
extra-curricular activities should not be cancelled. Parents should give their children
more free time after class, which is beneficial to both children and society as a whole.
范文译文
在世界的许多地方，孩子们经常需要在校内和校外都集中精力学习。尽管这可能会有
一些好处，但我认为这一趋势会给儿童和社会带来更多的弊端。
诚然，努力学习的积极影响是显而易见的。集中精力学习，学生们能够学到更多的理
论知识，掌握更多的实用技能，这些是他们找到理想工作所必不可少的。更重要的是，由
于一个国家的发展和繁荣是和年轻人的才能密切联系在一起的，因此，具有综合知识的年
轻人往往能给社会的可持续发展做出更大贡献。
然而，如果孩子们完全致力于学习而很少享受休闲时光，那么，一系列的问题也可能
会随之产生。首先，由于缺乏足够的体育锻炼，肥胖和视力下降已成为青少年中普遍存在
的一种现象。例如，越来越多的小学生们不得不戴眼镜。此外，一些学生过于注重他们的
学习，以至于忽略了独立性和社交技能的发展。因此，他们发现毕业后很难适应社会，这
在某些情况下导致了心里问题，甚至在社会上引起青少年犯罪的增加。
126
总之，学生们为了他们的将来而努力学习是正确的，但课外活动也不应该被取消。父
母应该给孩子更多的课外自由时间，这样对于孩子和整个社会都有利。
万能框架
In many parts of the world, are often required to .
Although some benefits might be produced, I tend to believe this trend brings more
drawbacks to .
Admittedly, the positive effects of are obvious. . And
what is more, .
However, if , a series of problems may arise subsequently. First of
all, due to lack of sufficient , have become a common
phenomenon among . For instance, . Moreover,
attach so much value to their study that they ignore the development
of . Consequently, they find it hard to , which, in some
cases, leads to or even results in the increase of .
To sum up, it is correct , but . .
原题重现
2005 年 4 月 2 日考题
Pressure on school and university students is increasing and they are pushed to
work too hard when they are young.
—— 电脑技术是否应该作为学校的第四门课程
WRITING TASK 2
We have three important parts of education: reading, writing and math. Some people
think every child will benefit from a fourth skill added to the list: computer skills.
127
考题解释
我们的教育有三个重要的组成部分：阅读、写作和数学。一些人认为，如果增加第四
项技能，也就是计算机技能，那么每个孩子都将会受益。
你同意还是不同意？
文章结构
开头段转述题目转述题目→ 自己的观点
第二段理由段段落中心句→ 第一个理由→ 第二个理由→（第三个理由 + 举例）
第三段让步段让步句→ 转折句→ 结论句
考官范文
Whether computer skills should be listed in our curriculum, as a fourth compulsory
component, has sparked heated discussion recently. From my viewpoint,
computer skills are important but not necessary in terms of public education.
There are many reasons supporting my view. To begin with, most school
children today are under heavy academic pressure, adding computer skills to their
curriculum surely means an extra burden to them. Besides, it has to be noted that today’s
computer technologies are ever-changing. Software is frequently updated. This means
that the computer skills we learn today will probably become out-dated in a few
months. Finally, the development of technologies has made most of today’s computers
easy enough for people to use. For example, many young children can proficiently use
an iPad to read or write. So for those children who can already operate a computer well,
it is obvious unnecessary to teach them a skill they have already been good at.
Admittedly, youngsters would gain more opportunities in the future job market
provided that computer techniques were offered in schools, since computerised
products and technologies have penetrated virtually every aspect of every industry.
However, computer skills, along with the widespread of personal computers in
common households, can be gained by various means besides educational institution.
It has been a quite common phenomenon that many adolescents learn how to type
by chatting online, how to save files by downloading the very first movie, and how to
maintain an operation system by installing anti-virus software. So it seems pointless
to add computer skills to the schooling list just like the other three subjects, namely
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reading, writing and math.
To conclude, while it has to be admitted that computer skills are crucial today,
the nature of computer technologies—ever-changing, user-friendly—has made computer
skills an unnecessary skill for children to learn at school.
范文译文
最近，关于计算机技能是否应该被列为我们的第四门必修课引发了热烈的讨论。在我
看来，虽然计算机技能很重要，但没有必要作为学校教育（的组成部分）。
有很多理由支持我的观点。首先，如今大部分上学的孩子都有着沉重的学习压力，在
他们的课程中增加计算机技能对于他们来说无疑意味着一种额外的负担。此外，必须指出，
如今的计算机技术日新月异。软件经常更新。这意味着我们今天学习的计算机技能可能在
几个月后就过时了。最后，技术的发展使得今天的电脑很容易为人们所用。例如，许多小
孩能够熟练地使用一台平板电脑阅读或写作。因此，对于这些已经能够熟练操作计算机的
孩子来说，教一项他们已经很熟练的技能明显是不必要的。
诚然，如果学校教授计算机技术，年轻人在未来的就业市场就会有更多的机会，因为
电脑产品和技术已经渗透到几乎每个行业的各个方面。然而，随着个人电脑在日常生活中
的普及，计算机技能可以通过学校教育之外的各种途径获得。有一个相当普遍的现象，那
就是很多的青少年通过网上聊天学会了如何打字，通过下载最新的电影学会了如何保存文
件，通过安装防病毒软件学会了如何运行操作系统。所以，把计算机技能像其他三个科目，
即阅读、写作和数学一样列为学校的科目看起来毫无意义。
总之，虽然我们必须承认，计算机技能在如今是至关重要的，但计算机技术的本质特
征——不断变化，用户容易掌握——使得孩子们没有必要在学校学习它。
万能框架
Whether has sparked heated discussion recently. From my viewpoint,
computer skills are important but not necessary in terms of public education.
There are many reasons supporting my view. To begin with, . Besides,
it has to be noted that . This means that . Finally,
. For example, . .
Admittedly, . However, . It has been a quite common
phenomenon that . So it seems pointless to .
To conclude, while it has to be admitted that .
129
—— 由谁支付大学费用
WRITING TASK 2
Some people believe that everyone has the right to receive university education, so the
government should make it free to all people regardless of their financial background.
考题解释
一些人认为每个人都有权利接受大学教育，因此，政府应该让所有人免费上大学，而
无论他们的经济背景如何。
文章结构
开头段转述题目背景→ 转述题目→ 自己的观点→引起下文
第二段分析段段落中心句→ 第一个理由→ 第二个理由
承上启下句→ 段落中心句→ 第一个措施→ 第二个措施→ 第三

第三段分析段
个措施
结尾段自己的观点总结全文→ 再次强调自己的观点→ 总结要采取的措施
考官范文
It is a common phenomenon that every year there are millions of youngsters
coming from poverty-stricken families who cannot afford the high expenses of college
education. So, some people argue that all the cost of university education should be
paid by the government. I am side against the above statement and will endeavor
to exemplify my opinion: it is not universally feasible for the government to finance all
130
the undergraduates. Still, this essay aims to explore how to assist those needy college
students to accomplish their college education.
There are several reasons to prove that most college students should finance
their own education. For one thing, higher education, for those who excel in the
entrance exam for college education, can no longer be classified into the category of
compulsory education, so it is justified for the government not to pay the education
of those adults. In other words, so mature and capable are the youths that it is highly
possible for them to earn their living by working part-time through their college. For
another, education is an investment, which could reward its investor with high interest.
That is to say, every individual college student is, by all means, the beneficiary of higher
education. In light of this statement, it is highly reasonable that university students
are supposed to finance their own education, especially those who come from well-to-
do family background.
Nevertheless, under no circumstances should we ignore those special college

students, namely, those who come from impoverished family background. It is far
from easy for them to afford the incredibly expensive tuition fees. In this sense, some
effective measures should be taken to help them to get well-educated. To begin with,
they should be entitled to enjoy the financial aid out of the public purse. The economic
subsidy aiming at poor students could cultivate and nurture more professionally well-
trained talents who can, in return, make substantial contribution to the community with
their specialised knowledge and skills. Then, another preferable way is to resort to
educational loans, which can be paid back after their graduation and securing a decent
job. Finally, scholarship is another possible way for those diligent students to finance
their college education.
In the final analysis, it is my view that as for students coming from rich families,
it is quite reasonable for them to pay all the tuition fees. Yet, on the part of those
poverty-stricken and prominent students, their college education could be resolved in
several ways, such as governmental aid, students’ loans, scholarships and part-time job
opportunities provided by their university.
范文译文
每年有无数来自贫困家庭的年轻人付不起高额的大学教育费用，这是一个常见的现象。
因此，有些人认为大学教育的所有费用都应该由政府支付。我反对上述观点并要详细论述
我的观点，即：政府资助所有的大学生并不是普遍可行的。而且，这篇文章会探讨如何帮
助那些贫困的大学生完成他们的大学教育。
大多数大学生应该为自己的教育付费的原因有几个。一方面，对于那些在高考中胜出
131
的人而言，高等教育不再属于义务教育的范畴，所以政府不再支付这些成年人的教育费用
是合理的。换句话说，年轻人已经很成熟而且很有能力，因此他们有可能在大学期间通过
兼职工作来赚钱。另一方面，教育是一种投资，可以为投资者带来高额的收益。也就是说，
不管怎样，每一个大学生都是高等教育的受益者。鉴于此，大学生们理应自己支付其教育
费用，尤其是那些来自富裕家庭的学生。
然而，在任何情况下，我们也不能忽视那些特殊的大学生，即那些来自贫困家庭的大学
生。对于他们而言，支付高昂的学费绝非易事。从这种意义上说，应该采取有效的措施来帮
助他们获得良好的教育。首先，他们应该有资格享受国家的资助。对贫困学生的经济补助金
能够培养和教育更多更专业的人才，他们反过来又会用其专业知识和技能为社会做出更多的
贡献。此外，另一个可取的方法就是借助于教育贷款，它可以在他们毕业找到好工作之后再
归还。最后，奖学金是另外一种可以帮助勤奋的学生支付他们的教育费用的可能方式。
归根结底，我的观点是，对于那些来自富裕家庭的学生来说，让他们支付所有的学费
是合理的。但是对于那些来自贫困家庭且成绩优异的学生来说，他们的大学教育费用可以
通过几种途径解决，例如政府资助、学生贷款、奖学金以及大学提供的兼职工作等。
万能框架
It is a common phenomenon that . So, some people argue that
. I am side against above statement and will endeavor to exemplify my
opinion: . Still, this essay aims to explore .
There are several reasons to prove that . For one thing , .
In other words, . For another, . That is to say, .
In light of this statement, it is highly reasonable that .
Nevertheless, under no circumstances should we ignore , namely,
. It is far from easy for them to . In this sense, some
effective measures should be taken to . To begin with, .
. Then, another preferable way is . Finally, .
In the final analysis, it is my view that .
类似考题
2014 年 2 月 22 日考题
Children’s education is expensive. In some countries, the governments pay some of
or all of the costs.
Do the advantages outweigh its disadvantages?
2010 年 7 月 31 日考题
University students should pay all the cost of their studies because university
education benefits individuals rather than the society as a whole.
132
—— 学习与课外活动
WRITING TASK 2
Nowadays, full-time university students tend to focus on their studying. Some people think
it is essential for them to be involved in other activities.
考题解释
目前，全日制大学的学生往往专注于他们的学习。一些人认为对于他们来说，参与其
他的活动是很重要的。
文章结构
开头段转述题目背景→ 转述题目→ 自己的观点
第二段让步段让步句→ 支持句
第三段理由段段落中心句→（支持句 + 举例）
考官范文
Nowadays, most university students tend to spend most of their time in
study for the purpose of obtaining their degrees and finding better jobs after
graduation. Some people contend that crucial as the academic knowledge is, it is
not sensible for students to be merely devoted to their studying. For my part, I would
agree with this point of view.
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Indeed, there is nothing wrong for students to concentrate on their study,

which is essential for them to prepare for their future. Some of them may decide
to pursue higher degrees and conduct academic research after they finish university
courses. For those who choose to hunt for jobs after graduation, qualification and
high scores in the resume will also help them to obtain satisfactory careers. The fierce
competition on campus and in the job market also explains why students are so devoted
to academic study.
However, if students are confined to the classroom, they are likely to be

restricted in terms of general knowledge and experience of the society. They
may have acquired a great deal of knowledge from books, but find it difficult to apply
theories to practice, or to adapt to the fast-changing society. That is to say, the qualified
diploma could not always be cited as the golden criteria to prove the graduates’ abilities.
By contrast, those students who spend some time participating in extracurricular
activities can develop themselves in many other aspects and these qualities are essential
for their success. For example, sports games can enhance people’s fitness and teach
students how to communicate and cooperate with their peers.
So, based on the above discussion, I do not deny that the main task of students
is to acquire knowledge, but I also agree that moderate extracurricular activities,
ranging from sports to voluntary work, should also be encouraged, which are beneficial
for the comprehensive development of university students.
范文译文
如今，绝大多数的大学生都在学习方面花大量的时间，目的就是为了获得学位，毕业
后找到更好的工作。一些人认为，尽管学术方面的知识是至关重要的，但是对于学生来说，
仅仅专注于学习也是不明智的。在我看来，我同意这一观点。
事实上，学生集中精力学习并没有错，要为将来做好准备，这一点是必不可少的。他
们中的一些人可能决定追求更高的学位，并在完成大学课程后从事学术研究工作。对于那
些选择毕业后找工作的人来说，证书和简历上的高分也将帮助他们获得令人满意的职业。
校园内和就业市场上激烈的竞争也是学生们都致力于学习的原因。
然而，如果学生们局限于课堂，他们有可能在一般的知识和社会经验方面有所欠缺。
他们可能已经从书本上学习了大量的知识，但却发现很难把这些理论应用于实践，或者很
难适应快速变化的社会。也就是说，合格的文凭并不能完全证明毕业生的能力。相比之下，
那些花了一些时间参与课外活动的学生可能在其他的许多方面有所发展，这些素质对于他
们的成功来说是必不可少的。例如，体育运动可以提高人们的体质，教会学生如何与同伴
沟通和合作。
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所以，基于上述讨论，我并不否认学生的主要任务是学习知识，但我也认为，适当的
课外活动，包括体育和志愿工作，也应该予以鼓励，这有利于大学生的全面发展。
万能框架
Nowadays, most university students tend to spend most of their time in study for
the purpose of obtaining their degrees and finding better jobs after graduation. Some
people contend that . For my part, I would agree with this point of
view.
Indeed, there is nothing wrong for students to concentrate on their study, which
is essential for them to prepare for their future. . .
.
However, if students are confined to the classroom, they are likely to be restricted
in terms of general knowledge and experience of the society. . That is to
say, . By contrast, . For example, .
So, based on the above discussion, I do not deny that , but I also
agree that .
——年轻人要遵循社会传统还是应该自由行动
WRITING TASK 2
Some people think that young people should follow traditions of their society, while others
believe that young people should be free to behave as individuals.
考题解释
一些人认为年轻人应该遵循他们的社会传统，而另一些人认为年轻人应该在行为方面
135
有更多的自由。
文章结构
开头段转述题目背景→ 双方的观点→ 引起下文
第二段一方观点观点句→ 第一个理由→ 第二个理由→ 反面论述
第三段另一方观点观点句→ 支持句
考官范文
The issue whether the youth should obey traditions or they should behave more
freely has raised hot debate. Some sociologists think the young generation should
be required to behave in accordance with their social traditions, whereas others hold
that youngsters should have more freedom to do what they want. Undeniably, there
are points in both sides of the argument.
There is no doubt that it is significant for the youth to follow their social
traditions. Initially, it is of substantial importance to regulate their behaviour and thus
smooth the communication between the youth and their parents, so that the generation
gap, which frequently occurs in a wide range of families, would be less likely to arise.
Subsequently, it is a commonly shared view that social traditions are considered as
the characteristics of a nation. The heritage of those characteristics would largely ensure
a country’s cultural diversity. On the contrary, if young people did not follow their
social traditions, the integrity of their culture would suffer a considerable loss.
However, although it seems to be beneficial for the youth to behave within

the confines of their social traditions, we should not neglect the blessings to which
allowing them to behave freely will contribute. Young people tend to be rather
restricted because of the pressure stemming from the tradition of their community and
consequently there is a higher possibility for them to become less creative in some areas,
where innovation is highly demanded, such as advertising and art industry. By contrast,
if they are allowed to behave as they wish to, they are more likely to become innovative.
As a result of this, they may fully stretch their potential, thereby contributing as much
as they could to the fields they are specialised in.
In conclusion, young people need the traditions of their community to regulate
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their own behaviour. However, the youth being allowed to behave more freely is
equally important in terms of creating an innovative generation.
范文译文
关于年轻人应该遵守传统还是他们的行为应该更自由的问题引起了热烈的辩论。有些
社会学家认为，年轻的一代应该被要求遵守他们的社会传统，而另一些人认为，年轻人应
该有更多的自由来做自己想做的事。不可否认，争议的双方都有道理。
毫无疑问的是，年轻人遵循他们的社会传统是很重要的。首先，规范他们的行为，从
而使年轻人和他们的父母之间的沟通变得顺畅是非常重要的，从而使代沟产生的可能性减
小。代沟经常在很多的家庭产生。其次，社会传统被视为民族的特征，这是一个普遍的观
点。传承这些特点将在很大程度上保证一个国家的文化多样性。反之，如果年轻人不遵守
他们的社会传统，他们的文化完整性就会遭受巨大的损失。
然而，尽管年轻人的行为遵循社会传统是有益的，我们也不应该忽视允许年轻人自由
行为的好处。因为源于社会传统的压力，年轻人往往受到相当大的限制，因此有一种很大的
可能性，那就是他们在某些领域变得不那么有创意，而这些领域对创新的要求很高，例如
广告和艺术行业。相反，如果允许他们去做他们想做的事，他们更有可能变得富有创新精神。
因此，他们就可以充分发挥自己的潜力，从而为他们所从事的领域做出尽可能多的贡献。
总之，年轻人需要用他们的社会传统来规范自己的行为。然而，年轻人被允许有更多
的行为自由对于培养具有创新精神的一代来说是同样重要的。
万能框架
The issue whether has raised hot debate. Some sociologists think
, whereas others hold that . Undeniably, there are points
in both sides of the argument.
There is no doubt that it is significant for . Initially, .
Subsequently, it is a commonly shared view that . On the contrary,
.
However, although it seems to be beneficial , we should not neglect
. By contrast, . As a result of this, .
In conclusion, . However, is equally important in
terms of .
类似考题
2010 年 5 月 20 日考题
Some people think that children should obey rules that parents and teachers want
them to do. However, others think that control may lead to children’s inability to deal
137
well with their life.

Discuss both views and give your opinion.
—— 社交技能和学历一样重要
WRITING TASK 2
Nowadays it is widely accepted that social skills are as important as good qualifications.
考题解释
如今，人们普遍认为社交技能和良好的学历一样重要。
文章结构
第二段理由段段落中心句→ 支持句
第三段理由段段落中心句→ 第一个理由→（第二个理由 + 反面对比）→

第三个理由
考官范文
Traditionally, educational background was considered as an important factor
for people to succeed in future careers. Nowadays, some people claim that success
in a job requires not only academic qualifications but also social skills. Speaking for
myself, I agree with this viewpoint for the reasons below.
On the one hand, it is of great significance for every job-seeker to have eye-
138
catching academic qualifications. Academic qualifications cannot be obtained without

many years of diligent study or continuous practice, so they can reflect a person’s
academic background and professional experience. Many companies require job hunting
candidates to possess a certain level of qualification, so those job-hunters who fail to
have good educational background will meet a sea of troubles in the fierce competition
of job-seeking.
On the other hand, apart from qualifications, people have become

increasingly aware of the importance of social skills. First of all, a person with
sophisticated social skills will find it comfortable to work with others, giving them more
sense of satisfaction. Also, sound relationship with colleagues enhances efficiency
in workplaces, and cooperation is the key to success in many complicated tasks. By
contrast, if people do not know how to get along with their workmates, they would
suffer from extra stress in their work. Moreover, outstanding social skills exert a
beneficial influence on the establishment of well-connected interpersonal network,
which greatly conduce to the settlement of some unexpected crises and benefit people
quite a great deal in many other respects.
To conclude, in a world when people are becoming more and more interdependent,
one cannot succeed only with his qualifications. So on no account can we ignore the
immense value of good communication skills in our lives and job-seeking.
范文译文
传统上，教育背景被视为人们在未来的职业生涯中取得成功的一个重要因素。如今，
一些人认为工作中的成功不仅仅需要学历，也需要社交技能。在我看来，我同意这一观点，
原因如下。
一方面，对于每一个求职者来说，拥有良好的学历背景很重要。没有多年的勤奋学习
或不断的实践，学历是无法取得的，所以它们能够反映一个人的学术背景和专业经历。许
多公司都要求求职者具有一定的学历，所以，在激烈的就业竞争中，那些没有良好教育背
景的人会遇到很多的麻烦。
另一方面，除了学历，人们已经越来越认识到社交技能的重要性。首先，一个有着高
超社交技能的人会发现与他人一起工作很开心，这给他们带来更多的满足感。此外，良好
的同事关系提高了工作效率，而合作是许多复杂的任务取得成功的关键所在。相反，如果
人们不知道如何与他们的同事和谐共处，他们就会承受额外的工作压力。而且，突出的社
交技能对于建立良好的人脉网络有利好的影响，这有助于某些不可预料的危机的解决，同
时使人们在很多其他的方面受益。
总之，在这个世界上，人们变得越来越相互依赖，一个人仅仅有学历是无法成功的。
所以，在任何情况下都不能忽视交流技巧在生活和求职中的巨大价值。
139
万能框架
Traditionally, was considered as an important factor for people
to succeed in . Nowadays, some people claim that .
Speaking for myself, I agree with this viewpoint for the reasons below.
On the one hand, it is of great significance for every job-seeker to have eye-catching
academic qualifications. . .
On the other hand, apart from qualifications, people have become increasingly
aware of the importance of social skills. First of all, . Also,
. By contrast, . Moreover, .
To conclude, . So on no account can we ignore the immense value
of .
类似考题
2007 年 1 月 13 日考题
Some people think universities should provide graduates with the knowledge
and skills needed in the workplace in the future. Others think the true function of the
university is to give access to knowledge for its own sake.
What do you think are the main functions of a university?
—— 教师的作用
WRITING TASK 2
Some people think that teachers should be responsible for teaching students to judge what
is right and wrong so that they can behave well. Others say that teachers should only teach
students academic subjects.
考题解释
一些人认为教师应当负责教导学生判断是非，使他们能够表现良好。另一些人说，教
师应当只教授学生学术科目。
140
讨论双方观点并给出你的观点。
文章结构
第二段一方观点段落中心句→ 第一个理由→ 第二个理由→ 第三个理由
考官范文
Teachers undoubtedly play an increasingly significant role in modern
education. Thus, whether teachers should guide students’ behaviour or just teach
academic knowledge is under heated debate. To arrive at a conclusion, I believe it
sagacious to have a careful discussion first.
People who assert that teachers should assume responsibilities to teach children
moral values of the society give their reasons as follows. Firstly, they state that
only when students are educated to behave well, can the sound progress of the society
be maintained, and positive social order be established. Otherwise, the damages
from the well-educated but ill-willed ones may be disastrous to others and the nation.
Besides, mastering more skills in teaching and deeper understanding of what is right
and wrong, teachers can perform the task more efficiently, cultivating more qualified
citizens for the society. Without their guidance, students may be at a loss about their
social positions no matter how well they have learned those academic subjects. In
addition, students spend most of their prime time of growth in personality at school
with teachers. The lack of teachers as role models may mean a shortage of guidance in
students’ growth.
However, others who believe teachers’ duty is only to teach academic subjects
also seem well grounded. To start with, being trained in skills and enriched in
knowledge about teaching specific subjects rather than the morality, teachers are
more qualified in fulfilling the former task than the latter one. Moreover, staying with
the parents since being born, students have formed their habits and ways to behave.
Specifically, they expect to acquire academic knowledge from teachers, instead of
learning how to behave. Additionally, for a long time in history, no evidence has
shown that moral behaviours should be learned from teachers, otherwise those
who receive little education can all be considered as ill-behaved ones, which is
141
actually ridiculous.
To sum up, both sides seem to be rational to some extent. Personally, I

believe teaching academic subjects is indeed necessary, but it should be integrated
with moral education. Only through a successful combination of both can our
education system cultivate talents with healthy personality to meet the requirement
of modern society. Thus, moral education should be an essential component of
school education.
范文译文
教师毫无疑问在现代教育中起到日益重要的作用。因此，关于教师是否应当引导学生
的行为，还是只传授学术知识，这引起了一场激烈的辩论。要得出一个结论，我相信首先
要进行认真的讨论才是睿智的。
主张教师应当承担责任，教导孩子社会道德观念的人给出下列理由。首先，他们声称
只有教育学生表现良好，才能使社会保持良性发展，建立积极向上的社会秩序。否则，受
过良好教育但不怀好意的人的破坏可能是他人和民族的灾难。此外，教师掌握了更多的教
学技能，对是非有着更深刻的理解，能更有效地完成任务，为社会培养出更多的合格公民。
没有引导，不管学术科目学习得多好，学生都可能对自己在社会上的位置感到迷茫。另外，
学生个性发展的黄金时期绝大部分都是在学校和教师一起度过的。缺乏教师的为人师表可
能意味着学生在成长期间教导的缺失。
但是，那些认为教师的职责只是传授学术科目的人似乎也有充分的依据。首先，受过
技能的培训，在教授具体科目方面知识丰富，而不是道德方面，教师更有资格胜任前者而
不是后者。此外，学生自出生以来就与父母在一起，已经形成了他们的习惯和行为方式。
具体来说，他们期望从教师那里学到的是学术知识，而不是学习如何做人。而且，在悠久
的历史上，没有证据表明，道德行为应当从教师那里学习，否则，那些接受很少教育的人
都会被视为有不良行为的人，这实际上是荒谬的。
综上所述，双方似乎都有道理。在我看来，我认为教授学术科目固然重要，但它必须
和道德教育相结合。只有二者完美的结合，我们的教育体系才能培养出符合现代社会需要
的人格健全的人才。因此，道德教育应该成为学校教育重要的组成部分。
万能框架
Teachers undoubtedly play an increasingly significant role in modern education.
Thus, whether or is under heated debate. To arrive at a
conclusion, I believe it sagacious to have a careful discussion first.
People who assert that give their reasons as follows. Firstly, they
state that only , can . Otherwise, . Besides,
. In addition, .
142
However, others who believe also seem well grounded. To start

with, . Moreover, . Specifically, .
Additionally, , otherwise .
To sum up, both sides seem to be rational to some extent. Personally, I believe
. Thus, .
原题重现
2006 年 3 月 18 日考题
Some people think that teachers should be responsible for teaching students to
judge what is right and wrong so that they can behave well. Others say that teachers
should only teach students academic subjects.
第三节工作
2013 年 12 月 14 日考题
——年轻人移民大城市的原因和利弊
WRITING TASK 2
Young people are leaving their homes from rural areas to study or work in cities.
What are the reasons?
Do advantages of this development outweigh its disadvantages?
考题解释
年轻人离开他们农村的家园到城市去学习或工作。
原因是什么？
这种发展的好处大于弊端吗？
143
文章结构
开头段转述题目转述题目→ 引起下文
第二段原因段第一个原因→ 第二个原因
第三段积极的方面段落中心句→ 第一个好处→ 第二个好处
第四段消极的方面段落中心句→ 第一个弊端→（第二个弊端+举例）
结尾段总结全文总结全文
考官范文
In many parts of the world, there is a notable phenomenon that young people
tend to migrate from the countryside to the urban areas to study or work. There are
several reasons for this trend and the influences are also multiple.
The main reason is that some of them are enrolled by universities. Statistics
show that in many countries, most of the universities are located in urban areas,
particularly in large and medium-sized cities. Another reason is that young generations
are attracted by career opportunities in big cities. For these young migrant workers, they
are happy to leave the rural areas because the wage in factories is much higher than the
income of working on the farm.
The fact that young people rush into cities does have its advantages. For one
thing, diligent students from poverty-stricken areas can acquire exceedingly good
academic scores in universities, which can pave way for their future success. For
another, the large number of people moving to cities helps to boost the local economy.
For instance, in many coastal cities of China, the boom of manufacturing industry has
benefited largely from the inexpensive labor force and most of these workers come from
the countryside.
However, young people moving to cities also lead to a series of problems. Some
of them have difficulty in getting integrated into the new environment, particularly
when they are treated unequally. From the perspective of city planning, the rapid
increase of population exerts heavy pressure on basic facilities. The best example
of this is traffic congestion and air pollution, which makes the quality of city life worse
rather than better.
Overall, moving from the countryside to the city means more opportunities
144
for young people and their arrival can accelerate the development of the city.
However, it might bring many problems which need to be solved by society,
especially the government, which has to provide a reasonable plan to regulate
this kind of migration.
范文译文
在世界的许多地方，有一个显著的现象，那就是年轻人往往从农村迁移到城市地区去
学习或工作。这种趋势的原因有好几个，并且其影响也是多重的。
主要的原因是他们中的一些人被大学录取。统计显示，在许多国家，大多数大学都位
于城市地区，特别是在大中型城市。另一个原因是，年轻人被大城市的就业机会所吸引。
对于这些外来的年轻工人来说，他们很愿意离开农村地区，因为在工厂的工资要比在农田
里工作的收入高很多。
实际上，年轻人涌入城市的确有它的好处。一方面，来自贫困地区勤奋的学生可以在
大学获得非常优异的成绩，从而为他们未来的成功铺平道路。另一方面，大量的人口涌入
城市有助于推动当地经济的发展。例如，在中国的许多沿海城市，制造业的繁荣主要得益
于廉价的劳动力，而这些工人大多来自农村。
然而，年轻人移居到城市也会导致一系列的问题。他们中的一些人很难融入新的环境
中，尤其是当他们受到不平等待遇时。从城市规划的角度来看，快速增长的人口给基础设
施造成了沉重的压力。最好的例子就是交通拥堵和空气污染，这使城市的生活质量更糟而
不是更好。
总之，对于年轻人来说，从农村移居到城市意味着更多的机会，并且，他们的到来能
加快城市的发展。然而，这也会带来很多的问题，这些问题需要由社会来解决，尤其是政
府，必须提供一个合理的计划来规范这种迁移。
万能框架
In many parts of the world, there is a notable phenomenon that .
There are several reasons for this trend and the influences are also multiple.
The main reason is that . Statistics show that . Another
reason is that . .
The fact that does have its advantages. For one thing, .
For another, . For instance, .
However, also lead to a series of problems. Some of them have
difficulty in . From the perspective of , exerts
heavy pressure on . The best example of this is .
Overall, means more opportunities for young people and their arrival
145
can accelerate the development of the city. However, it might bring many problems
which need to be solved by society, especially the government, which has to provide a
reasonable plan to regulate this kind of .
类似考题
2010 年 7 月 17 日考题
The movement of people from agricultural areas to cities to get work creates many
problems for both sides.
What’s the most serious problem?
How to solve it?
2013 年 10 月 19 日考题
——出国工作带上家人的利弊
WRITING TASK 2
Many parents these days work in other countries, taking their families with them.
Do you think the advantages of this development outweigh its disadvantages?
考题解释
如今，许多父母在其他国家工作的时候带上他们的家人。
你认为优点多于弊端吗？
文章结构
第二段优点分析段落中心句→ 第一个理由→ 第二个理由→ 第三个理由
第三段缺点分析段落中心句→ 第一个理由→ 第二个理由→ 第三个理由
146
考官范文
Along with the development of globalization, it is not rare to find people
pursuing their career in a foreign country. Among them, some parents choose to
take their children with them to live abroad. This essay will discuss the benefits and
drawbacks of this phenomenon.
On the one hand, moving abroad with families can be beneficial in many
ways. To start with, parents would not suffer from homesickness mainly caused by
the separation from their beloved sons and daughters. More importantly, children
would enjoy more parental love and care, which has proved to be essential for their
psychological health. Last but not least, living and studying in foreign countries
provides a perfect platform and environment for children to have a good command of a
foreign language.
On the other hand, this choice is bound to be confronted with some

challenges. Firstly, some elderly children may find it hard to adapt to an unfamiliar
environment, so they may struggle with their identity in terms of race, nationality, or
color of skin. It is also very likely that they will find the alien food incompatible with
their taste but to maintain the original lifestyle can be very expensive in most cases.
Cultural conflicts may also arise constantly especially during the initial stage due
to the divergences in history, religions, languages as well as the way of thinking.
From the above comparison and contrast, we can see that both sides make
sense. As far as I am concerned, I tend to commit myself to the notion that it is
better for migrant workers to take their families together in order to enhance family
cohesion. However, how to make family members comfortable with the new life is an
issue that every immigrant needs to consider.
范文译文
随着全球化的发展，我们经常发现人们在国外追求他们的职业生涯。其中，有些家长
选择带着他们的孩子到国外生活。本文将讨论这种现象的利弊。
一方面，带着家人移居国外在许多方面是有益的。首先，父母不会受到思乡之苦，这
种痛苦主要是由于和心爱的儿女分离所造成的。更重要的是，孩子们会更多地享受到父母
的爱和关怀，有证据显示，这对他们的心理健康是非常重要的。最后但同样重要的是，在
国外生活和学习能给孩子提供一个掌握一门外语的极佳的平台和环境。
另一方面，这种选择肯定会面临一些挑战。首先，一些年纪大的孩子可能会发现很难
适应一个陌生的环境，所以他们可能会纠结于种族、国籍或肤色。他们也可能会发现异乡
147
的食物不符合他们的口味，而要保持原有的生活方式在大多数情况下可能是很昂贵的。尤
其是移居国外的初级阶段，由于历史、宗教、语言和思维方式方面的分歧，文化冲突也可
能会不断发生。
从以上的比较来看，我们可以看到双方的观点都有道理。就我而言，我倾向于给出这
样的观点，那就是对于在海外工作的人来说，为了增强家庭的凝聚力而带上他们的家人是
比较好的。然而，如何使家庭成员适应新的生活也是每一个移民需要考虑的问题。
万能框架
Along with the development of globalization, it is not rare to find people
. Among them, some choose to . This essay will
discuss the benefits and drawbacks of this phenomenon.
On the one hand, can be beneficial in many ways. To start with,
. More importantly, . Last but not least, .
On the other hand, this choice is bound to be confronted with some challenges.
Firstly, . It is also very likely that they will find .
may also arise constantly especially during the initial stage due to .
From the above comparison and contrast, we can see that both sides make sense.
As far as I am concerned, I tend to commit myself to the notion that .
However, how to is an issue that needs to consider.
2013 年 9 月 12 日考题
——工作时间长短与国家经济成功的关系
WRITING TASK 2
Countries with a long average working time are more economically successful than those
countries which do not have a long working time.
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考题解释
平均工作时间长的国家比那些工作时间不长的国家在经济上更成功。
你在多大程度上同意或反对？
文章结构
第二段让步段承上启下句→ 支持句→ 举例

第三段分析段段落中心句→ 支持句
考官范文
Nowadays there is a viewpoint that if people spend more time on their work,
they would create more fortune and their country would become wealthier. At first
thought, this opinion seems to be sensible and sound. But on second thought, I
find it is not often the case.
Admittedly, in some traditional economic sectors such as manufacturing and
tourism, the input of labor is proportionate to the increase of economic output. The
extension of working time means more products and value created. The abundance of
products and service to some degree reflects the prosperity of a country. For example,
some developing countries have witnessed an unprecedented thriving in the past
decades due to the fact that a large number of people got involved in factories and
services.
However, in the era of information and technology, productivity is primarily
determined by the level of science and technology and laborers are no longer the
irreplaceable elements in economic miracles. Even in agriculture which demands
huge labor forces, nowadays most work is undertaken by machines. When we look
at countries all over the world, we can see that most developed ones have shorter
working time than their developing counterparts. In those rich countries, advanced
technologies, such as intelligent robots and automation, have liberated people from
arduous work and shortened their working hours. In fact, long working hours may lead
to the resentment of the public. So they may protest by lowering the working efficiency
or even refuse to cooperate, which in turn hampers the economic development and
leads to depression.
To summarise, in modern society, working time is not the only indicator to
149
judge a country’s economic strength. Given the factors I have just outlined, I can
only say that knowledge, talents and technology combined together are the decisive
factors driving economy forward.
范文译文
现在有一种观点认为如果人们在他们的工作上花更多的时间，他们将会创造更多的财
富，并且国家也将变得更富有。乍一想，这种看法似乎是明智合理的。但转念一想，我发
现这不能一概而论。
诚然，在一些传统的经济领域，如制造业和旅游业，劳动投入与经济产出是成正比的。
工作时间的延长意味着将生产更多的产品，创造更多的价值。丰富的产品和优质的服务在
一定程度上反映了一个国家的繁荣。例如，由于很多人进入工厂和服务行业工作，一些发
展中国家在过去的几十年里经历了前所未有的蓬勃发展。
然而，在信息技术时代，生产力主要是由科学和技术水平来决定的，在经济发展的奇
迹中劳动者不再是不可替代的元素。即使是在需要大量劳动力的农业领域，如今的大部分
工作也是由机器来承担的。环顾世界各地的国家，我们可以发现大多数发达国家比那些发
展中国家的工作时间要短。在那些富裕的国家，先进的技术，如智能机器人和自动化的技
术，使人们从繁重的工作中解脱出来，并缩短了他们的工作时间。事实上，长时间工作可
能导致公众的不满。所以他们可能通过降低工作效率来进行抗议，甚至拒绝合作，这反过
来又阻碍了经济的发展，导致经济萧条。
总的来说，在现代社会，工作时间不是判断一个国家经济实力的唯一指标。考虑到我
刚才概括的因素，我只能说知识、人才和技术结合在一起才是推动经济向前发展的决定性
因素。
万能框架
Nowadays there is a viewpoint that if people , they would .
At first thought, this opinion seems to be sensible and sound. But on second thought, I
find it is not often the case.
Admittedly, . For example, .
However, in the era of information and technology, . Even .
When we look at countries all over the world, we can see that . .
In fact, .
To summarise, in modern society, is not the only indicator to judge
. Given the factors I have just outlined, I can only say that .
150
2012 年 8 月 11 日考题
—— 年轻人失业的影响和解决措施
WRITING TASK 2
A large number of young people cannot find a job after leaving school.
What problems will youth unemployment cause for individuals and society?
What measures should be taken to reduce the level of unemployment among young people?
考题解释
大量的年轻人离开学校后找不到工作。
年轻人失业将给个人和社会造成什么问题？
应该采取什么措施来降低年轻人的失业率？
文章结构
第二段分析段段落中心句→ 对个人的影响→ 对社会的影响
第三段解决措施段落中心句→ 第一个措施→ 第二个措施→ 第三个措施→ 第

四个措施
结尾段总结全文总结全文→ 再次强调解决措施
考官范文
In recent years, young college graduates are having a tough time finding a
decent job in an increasingly competitive labour market. This essay will try to
investigate the possible impacts of the crisis and then propose some solutions.
Surely, the hardship of college graduates’ employment will make many

negative impacts on both individuals and society. First, on the part of the holders
151
of college diplomas, the jobless situation will make them frustrated, and they have to
deal with some psychological conditions. That is to say, the unemployed youngsters are
subject to anxiety, lack of self-confidence, lower achievement motivation, and pessimism,
all of which are potential barriers to their future success at the workplace and in their
personal life. Then, as for the effect on society, youth unemployment means
that the scarce resources dedicated to higher education are invested in vain as those
professionally well-trained college students have no opportunity to transfer their
academic knowledge and skills into productivity.
So severe is the risk that we have no choice but to adopt some effective
measures to resolve it. Firstly, it is the compelling obligation of the government
to accelerate the prosperity of the economy so that more job opportunities could be
created. For instance, financial policies supporting small-sized businesses should
be formulated in an attempt to create more job positions. At the same time, a new
policy should be made to balance the proportion of college graduates and skilled
workers. While graduates cannot find a job, technicians are in greater need. Therefore
the entrance requirements for university education should be raised, whereas vocational
education be expanded. Another way of tackling this problem is that the university
should take due responsibility. As for educators, they are supposed to help those
undergraduates adjust their goal of career choice and more career guidance should
be provided for the college students. Finally, graduates tend to focus on major cities,
making the competition in employment market fiercer. If they can choose some smaller
cities, they would definitely have more chances to get hired.
In the final analysis, joint efforts should be made by the government,

educators and college students to relieve the pressure of college graduates’
employment. Only in this way can this problem be tackled properly.
范文译文
近年来，在竞争日益激烈的劳动力市场，年轻的大学毕业生很难找到一份体面的工作。
本文将尝试探讨这一危机可能的影响，然后再提出一些解决方案。
当然，高校毕业生就业困难会给个人和社会带来许多负面的影响。首先，对于那些持
有大学文凭的人来说，失业的处境会使他们感到沮丧，不得不面对一些心理问题。也就是
说，失业的年轻人容易焦虑，缺乏自信，缺乏成就感，并且情绪悲观，所有这些对于他们
未来在工作和个人生活中的成功都是潜在的障碍。此外，就社会影响而言，年轻人失业意
味着投入到高等教育中的稀缺资源的浪费，因为那些在专业方面训练有素的大学生没有机
会将他们的理论知识和技能转化为生产力。
152
危机是如此的严重，以至于我们必须要采取一些有效的措施来解决它。首先，政府有
责任加快经济繁荣，从而创造更多的就业机会。例如，支持小型企业的财政政策应该被迅
速制定，以创造更多的工作岗位。与此同时，有关平衡大学毕业生和技术工人比例的新政
策应该被制定。虽然毕业生找不到工作，但技术工人却很紧缺。因此，大学教育的门槛应
该提高，而职业教育应该扩充。另一个解决这个问题的途径就是责任落实到大学方面。作
为教育工作者，他们应该帮助大学生调整自己的职业目标，并给予大学生更多的职业指导。
最后，毕业生往往集中在大城市，使就业市场的竞争更激烈。如果他们可以选择一些不太
大的城市，他们肯定会有更多的机会获得聘用。
总之，政府、教育工作者和大学生应该共同努力来缓解大学毕业生的就业压力。只有
这样才能妥善地解决这一问题。
万能框架
In recent years, young college graduates are having a tough time finding a decent
job in an increasingly competitive labour market. This essay will try to investigate the
possible impacts of the crisis and then propose some solutions.
Surely, the hardship of college graduates’ employment will make many negative
impacts on both individuals and society. First, on the part of the holders of college
diplomas, . That is to say, . Then, as for the effect on society,
youth unemployment means that .
So severe is the risk that we have no choice but to adopt some effective measures
to resolve it. Firstly, . For instance, . At the same time,
. . Another way of tackling this problem is that .
Finally, .
In the final analysis, joint efforts should be made by . Only in this way
can this problem be tackled properly.
原题重现
2006 年 3 月 11 日考题
In many countries more and more young people are leaving school but unable to find
jobs. What problems do you think youth unemployment causes for individuals and society?
What measures should be taken to reduce the level of unemployment among
youngsters?
153
2012 年 3 月 8 日考题
—— 平衡工作和生活
WRITING TASK 2
Many people fail to achieve a balance between work and the other parts of life.
What causes the situation?
How to overcome this problem?
考题解释
许多人无法实现工作和生活的其他部分之间的平衡。
是什么导致了这种状况？
如何解决这个问题？
文章结构
开头段转述题目背景→转述题目→引起下文
第二段原因段段落中心句→ 第一个原因→ 第二个原因
第三段解决措施段落中心句→ 第一个措施→ 第二个措施→ 第三个措施
考官范文
Currently, in some big cities, young people have no choice but to work all
day long and sometimes even late into the night to meet the set targets and earn more
money. And numerous employees find it hard to keep a proper balance between
career and life, not to mention the health management and the development of
hobbies. It is crucial that we analyse the causes of this disturbing issue and
explore the effective solutions.
154
The causes of people’s preoccupation with work are varied. Firstly, it can be

owed mainly to ambition. More precisely, most youngsters desire to outshine others
in their career. In order to be professionally well-trained and stand out in a crowd, they
have to be fully engrossed in work. Hence, the more time one spends on his career, the
less time one might allocate to other activities such as family life, health management
or personal hobbies. Also, so fierce is the competition that countless young people
have to fully apply themselves to career development. Imaginably, if a new employee
slackens his efforts of self-improvement, he is doomed to be eliminated by the fierce
competition.
So pressing is the conflict between career and life that we have to adopt

some effective measures. Initially, as for the relevant enterprises, measures to
reduce the excessive workload and create healthy work style should be taken for their
employees. Virtually, to advocate and popularise a kind of wholesome way of work not
only brings a merry mood to the working staff but also enhances the efficiency of work.
Still, a flexible schedule is another option. Working some hours in the office and some
hours at home allows for more time with the family. Keep in mind that the worst that
can happen if you ask your boss about flexible work options is that he can say no. If
you don’t ask, you won’t have a chance. If you do, you may just be pleasantly surprised.
Finally, every individual should also clearly know that achievement in career will never
be the sole purpose of life, and to work diligently is to create a more wonderful life.
To conclude, I do not suggest that hard work has no place in our lives, but it
cannot have the only place. A sense of leisure and a spirit of play need space in us as
well. We will have phases through our entire life where one area will rise above
the other; the key, however, is balance, which is possible and well worth the
effort sometimes required to achieve it.
范文译文
目前，在一些大城市里，年轻人不得不整天工作，有时甚至（工作）到深夜，以完成
既定的目标和赚更多的钱。许多员工发现很难在事业和生活之间保持一个适当的平衡，更
不用说健康管理和发展爱好了。分析这个令人烦恼的问题的原因并且找到有效的解决办法
是很重要的。
人们专注于工作的原因是多种多样的。首先，它可能主要是由于雄心。更确切地说，
大多数年轻人都渴望在其职业生涯中脱颖而出。为了在专业方面训练有素并且在人群中出
类拔萃，他们不得不专注于工作。因此，一个人花在事业上的时间越多，可以分配给其他
活动，如家庭生活、健康管理或个人爱好的时间就越少。此外，竞争是如此的激烈，以至
于无数的年轻人不得不在工作中竭尽全力。可以想象，如果一个新员工放松完善自我的努
155
力，他就注定要被激烈的竞争所淘汰。
事业和生活之间的冲突是如此的激烈，所以我们必须对此采取一些有效的措施。首先，
对于相关的企业而言，应该采取措施为员工减少过多的工作量并创立健康的工作方式。实
际上，提倡和推广一种健康的工作方式不仅可以给工作人员带来快乐的心情，而且还可以
提高工作效率。此外，灵活的工作制度是另外一个选择。在办公室工作几个小时，再在家
里工作几个小时，这样就有更多的时间陪伴家人了。要记住，你开口向你的老板提出弹性
工作制度的最坏结果只是他的拒绝。但是如果你不要求的话，你连机会都没有。如果你开
口要求了，或许有意想不到的惊喜。最后，每一个人也应该清楚地知道，事业上的成就绝
不是生活的唯一目标，努力工作是为了创造更美好的生活。
总之，虽然我并不建议生命中不要努力工作，但是它（努力工作）也不应该是人生中
的唯一。我们也需要一点悠闲的时间，一种游戏的精神。在我们的整个生命进程中，都会
有不同阶段的此起彼伏，而关键就是要找到平衡。这是有可能的，有时候努力去达到这个
平衡也是值得的。
万能框架
Currently, in some big cities, young people have no choice but to .
And numerous employees find it hard to , not to mention . It
is crucial that we analyse the causes of this disturbing issue and explore the effective
solutions.
The causes of people’s preoccupation with work are varied. Firstly, it can be owed
mainly to . More precisely, . Hence, . Also,
. Imaginably, .
So pressing is the conflict between career and life that we have to adopt some
effective measures. Initially, . Virtually, . Still, is
another option. . Finally, .
To conclude, I do not suggest that , but it cannot have the only place.
. We will have phases through our entire life where one area will rise
above the other; the key, however, is balance, which is possible and well worth the effort
sometimes required to achieve it.
类似考题
2008 年 4 月 12 日考题
Many people are busy with work and do not have enough time to spend with their
families and friends.
Why does this happen? What are the effects of this on family life and society as a
whole?
156
—— 在家工作和学习的利弊
WRITING TASK 2
Computer technologies are more accessible and cheaper. As a result, more adults work at
home and more children study at home.
Is this a positive or negative development?
考题解释
计算机技术变得更方便和更便宜，因此，更多的成年人在家里工作，更多的孩子在家
里学习。
这是一个积极的还是消极的发展？
文章结构
段落中心句→ 第一个理由→（第二个理由+举例）→ 第三个

第二段积极的方面
理由
结尾段总结全文总结全文→ 概括优缺点
考官范文
As one of the most important inventions of the twentieth century, the computer
has a wide application in all aspects of our lives. For example, a substantial number
of people ranging from workers to students prefer to work or study at home instead of
physically sitting in the office or at school. As to whether it is a blessing or a curse,
however, people take different attitudes.
157
Those people who strongly believe that learning or working through the
computer at home seems beneficial to people in a number of aspects have cogent
reasons for it. Initially, the most obvious merit can be contributed to the release
of traffic jams. Since fewer people tend to use the public or private vehicles commuting
between workplaces or schools and their homes, there is a lower possibility of the
incidence of traffic jams. Moreover, it is convenient and time-saving for people to do so.
Distance learning programme is a good case in point. This kind of programme largely
helps people who are unable to go to school have access to education. Finally, working
or studying at home offer people more time to stay with their families, which make them
feel comfortable and relaxed all the time.
On the contrary, some other people strongly despise the above attitude.
To begin with, they believe working or studying at home will probably reduce the
communication among colleagues or classmates. They fear that this may encourage
people to be more indifferent to others, thus resulting in the relationship between
people not as close as in the past. Another consideration of those persons lies with
people’s physical impairment induced from sitting in front of the computer too long.
Since all work needs to be done on computers, barely can people spare a minute for
rest and a cup of coffee, which will inevitably hazard people’s health.
All in all, this development can be taken both as beneficial and as

detrimental. It is acceptable for people to work or study with the computer at home
for the sake of the convenience it brings about, but it will also spark off health-related
problems and the decrease of people’s social interaction.
范文译文
作为 20 世纪最重要的发明之一，计算机在我们生活的所有方面都有广泛的应用。例如，
有很多人，包括工作人员和学生，都喜欢在家里工作或学习，而不是置身办公室或坐在学
校里。然而，关于它是一个好事还是一个坏事，人们有不同的态度。
那些强烈认为通过电脑在家学习或工作在很多方面对人们有利的人有强有力的理由。
首先，最明显的优点是可以缓解交通堵塞。由于使用公共交通工具或私家车往返于工作场
所（或学校）和家之间的人变少了，交通堵塞发生的可能性也就降低了。此外，这样做对
人们来说方便省时。远程学习项目就是一个很好的例子。这类项目主要是帮助那些无法上
学的人有机会受到教育。最后，在家里工作或学习给人们提供了更多与家人共处的时间，
这使得他们始终感到舒适和放松。
与此相反，另有一些人强烈反对上述态度。首先，他们认为在家里工作或学习可能会
减少与同事或同学间的交流。他们担心这会促使人们更加不关心别人，从而导致人际关系
变得不像过去那样紧密。那些人的另一个考虑是坐在电脑前太久会引起人们的身体损伤。
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因为所有的工作都需要在电脑上完成，人们几乎没有休息和喝杯咖啡的时间，这不可避免
地会危害人们的健康。
总之，这种发展既有好处也有害处。鉴于使用电脑在家工作或学习的便捷性，这种做
法是可以被人们接受的，但这也会引发健康问题，减少人们的社会交往。
万能框架
As one of the most important inventions of the twentieth century, has
a wide application in all aspects of our lives. For example, . As to whether
it is a blessing or a curse, however, people take different attitudes.
Those people who strongly believe that have cogent
reasons for it. Initially, the most obvious merit can be contributed to .
Moreover, . is a good case in point. . Finally,
.
On the contrary, some other people strongly despise the above attitude. To begin
with, . Another consideration of those persons lies with .
All in all, this development can be taken both as beneficial and as detrimental.
.
类似考题
2012 年 12 月 1 日考题
More and more companies are allowing employees to work at home.
Do you think this is a positive or negative development?
—— 妇女在警察和军队中的作用
WRITING TASK 2
Some people think that women can play an equal role to men in a country’s police force
and military force, while others think that women are not suitable to these kinds of work.
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考题解释
一些人认为女性可以在一个国家的警察队伍和军队中发挥与男性同等的作用。而另一
些人认为女性不适合这种工作。
文章结构
第三段另一方观点段落中心句→ 第一个理由→ 第二个理由
考官范文
In our time and age, in any truly enlightened and progressive nations,
women play essential roles in the political, economic and cultural arenas as do
men. Yet whether ladies should be entitled to serve in the police force and military
force has triggered hot debate. Some assert that women should be encouraged to
join a country’s armed force, while others are strongly opposed to their opinion.
Both sides have their reasons.
The first argument might be true. To start with, it is reported that the number
of female criminals has been increasing in society. As a result, more policewomen are
needed. In addition, regarding the situation in the military force, physical strength is no
longer a key factor in determining whether to win a battle or not. Instead, technology
speaks louder. As everyone knows, women and their counterparts, namely, men, are
believed to be equal when using modern weapons or other high-tech equipment in the
office, for there is no difference between their intellectual abilities. Lastly, since society
consists of nearly equal numbers of both genders, sex discrimination must be eliminated
and ladies can make the same amount of contribution to the police force and military
force.
However, others would argue that men and women’s physical and mental
qualifications are not quite the same after all. It is commonly known that bad guys in
society, particularly those homicides and robbers, are mostly strong, fierce and cruel,
and policewomen are more likely to become victims rather than bring them to justice.
Also, it seems to be true that military service could be too intense and sometimes brutal,
far beyond the limits of ordinary women’s physical and mental levels. For these two
reasons, police stations and military bases are not suitable workplaces to females.
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My view is that the differences are real and can never be denied. Admittedly, ladies
can play an important role in these forces, but definitely not equal to men, and the number
of women recruited to deal with special situations must be restricted. Meanwhile, in a
certain number of areas where gender difference does not play a significant role in task
fulfillment, it is suggested that more opportunities and positions be allocated to female staff.
范文译文
当今世界，在任何一个真正文明和进步的国家，妇女在政治、经济和文化的舞台上都
和男人一样扮演着很重要的角色。然而，关于妇女是否有资格参加警察队伍和参军引起了
热烈的争论。一些人认为妇女应该被鼓励参加国家的军队，而另一些人强烈反对他们的观
点。双方都有道理。
第一种观点可能是真实的。首先，据报道，社会上的女性犯罪分子人数一直在增长。
因此也需要更多的女性警察。此外，至于军队，体力不再是决定是否能够赢得战斗的关键
因素。相反，技术变得更加重要。众所周知，女性和男性在使用现代化武器或其他办公室
高技术设备方面是平等的，因为她（他）们的智力没有区别。最后，既然社会是由几乎相
等数量的男女构成的，性别歧视就必须要消除，女性可以为警察队伍和军队做出同样的贡献。
然而，也有人会说男性和女性的生理条件和心理条件毕竟不尽相同。众所周知，社会
上的一些坏人，特别是那些杀人犯和抢劫犯，大都非常强壮、凶猛且残忍，女警更有可能
成为受害者，而不是将这些罪犯绳之以法。此外，军旅生活可能过于紧张并且有时还很残
酷，远远超出普通女性的体力和心理水平极限，这似乎是一个事实。基于上述两个原因，
警察局和军事基地不是女性工作的合适场所。
我的看法是，差别是真实的且永远不能被否认。诚然，女性可以在军队中发挥重要的
作用，但绝不是和男性发挥同等的作用，必须要限制为处理特殊情况而招募的女性的数量。
与此同时，在那些性别差异对履行任务并不重要的领域，建议给女性工作人员提供更多的
机会和职位。
万能框架
In our time and age, in any truly enlightened and progressive nations, women play
essential roles in the political, economic and cultural arenas as do men. Yet whether
has triggered hot debate. Some assert that , while others are
strongly opposed to their opinion. Both sides have their reasons.
The first argument might be true. To start with, it is reported that .
As a result, . In addition, . Instead, . Lastly, .
However, others would argue that . It is commonly known that
. Also, . For these two reasons, .
My view is that . Admittedly, , but .
Meanwhile, .
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第四节社会生活
——构建和谐社会
WRITING TASK 2
Throughout the history people have dreamed of living in a perfect society, but people have
not agreed on what a perfect society would be like.
What do you think is the most important element for building a perfect society?
How can people achieve this goal?
考题解释
纵观整个历史，人们一直都梦想能生活在一个完美的社会里，但是，关于理想社会是
什么样的，人们的看法却不尽一致。
你认为，就建立一个完美的社会而言，最重要的因素是什么？
人们如何才能实现这一目标？
文章结构
第三段分析段段落中心句→ 第一个方面→（第二个方面+举例）
结尾段总结全文总结全文→ 进一步强调自己的观点
考官范文
Building a harmonious society has been a dream of mankind throughout the
history, but no conclusion has been reached regarding the standard of an ideal
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society. In my view, an ideal society means more than just one factor if a definition
needs to be made. It should involve the following elements：high living standard,
low crime rate, beautiful natural environment, sufficient health care and education
resources, and democratic political system. Among these factors, I believe education
is perhaps the first element that should be guaranteed for establishing such a
society.
Education determines whether a country can succeed economically in a

sustainable way. Without high quality of education, there would be no high quality
of labor force to ensure a long-term economic boom. In a modern high-tech and
information society we require much more well-educated professionals with the
spirit of innovation and creation than in an industrial society. Education also makes
incredible contribution to other important aspects. It helps lower the crime rate
and enhance public awareness of the environment, health and politics.
To achieve the goal of an ideal society takes the effort of the government and
social institutions. Firstly, the fund allocated to education should be sufficient to make
sure that all people have the basic right to attend school. Meanwhile, there are many
other things that we can do to establish a perfect society. For example, everybody
should protect the environment to make sure we can breathe fresh air and drink clean
water. In addition, by abiding by the laws and rules, we contribute to the safety and
order of society; by voting for a party, we are engaged in promoting democratic politics.
In conclusion, it is generally agreed that all men are created equal, especially
in receiving education. If this dream is realised in most areas of today’s world, which
means everyone’s right can be equally ensured, we can have a better world.
范文译文
在整个历史期间，构建和谐社会一直是人类的一个梦想，但对于理想社会的标准还没
有定论。如果需要为其作出一个定义，在我看来，一个理想的社会涉及的不仅仅是一个因
素。它应该包括以下内容：高标准的生活，低犯罪率，优美的自然环境，充分的医疗保健
和教育资源以及民主的政治制度。在这些因素中，我相信教育应该是确保建立这样的一个
社会的第一要素。
教育决定了一个国家是否能够成功地保持经济的可持续发展。如果没有高质量的教
育，就没有高素质的劳动力来确保经济的长期繁荣。在现代高科技和信息社会中，我们比
工业社会需要更多的受过良好教育并且具有创造和创新精神的专业人员。教育也在其他方
面作出了令人难以置信的贡献。它有助于降低犯罪率，提高公众在环境、健康和政治方面
的意识。
163
要实现理想社会这一目标需要政府和社会机构的努力。首先，分配给教育的资金应足
以确保所有的人都享有接受教育的基本权利。同时，要建立一个完美的社会，我们还有很
多其他的事情要做。例如，每个人都应该保护环境，以确保我们能够呼吸到新鲜的空气，
喝上干净的水。此外，遵守法律法规，我们就会为社会的安全和有序作出贡献；为一个政
党投票，我们就是在推进民主政治。
总之，人人平等是人们普遍认同的，尤其是在接受教育方面。如果这一梦想在当今世
界的大部分地区得以实现，这意味着每个人都能获得平等的权利，那么我们就可以拥有一
个更好的世界。
万能框架
has been a dream of mankind throughout the history, but no
conclusion has been reached regarding the standard of . In my view,
means more than just one factor if a definition needs to be made. It
should involve the following elements： , , .
Among these factors, I believe is perhaps the first element that should be
guaranteed for .
Education determines whether a country can succeed economically in a sustainable
way. Without , there would be no . In a modern high-tech and
information society we require much more than in an industrial society.
Education also makes incredible contribution to other important aspects. It helps
.
To achieve the goal of takes the effort of the government and social
institutions. Firstly, . Meanwhile, there are many other things that we can do to
. For example, . In addition, .
In conclusion, it is generally agreed that . .
类似考题
Some people believe that the best way to produce a happier society is to ensure
that there are only small differences between the richest and the poorest members.
164
——人们之间是相互依存还是更加独立
WRITING TASK 2
Some people think individuals are more and more dependent on each other. However,
others think individuals are more and more independent.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge
or experience.
考题解释
有些人认为人们越来越彼此依赖。然而，另一些人认为人们越来越独立。
文章结构
第二段一方观点段落中心句→ 第一个理由→（第二个理由+举例）
考官范文
Along with the rapid development of society, great changes have taken
place in interpersonal relationship. Therefore, some individuals deem that people
tend to increasingly depend on each other. Others, however, are convinced that
modern society makes people more independent than ever before. Both sides are
reasonable.
On the one hand, more and more people appear to be independent in their
work and life. Firstly, in modern world labor division is becoming highly prevalent,
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with everyone specializing in a certain field. That is to say, people can accomplish their
own work independently, instead of relying on others. From this point, the increasing
independence of people is an irreversible social trend. Secondly, it is obvious that
people have increased their awareness of independence, which is particularly shown
in their private lives. For example, many young people are reluctant to live with their
parents, as they did in traditional extended families. Instead, they establish their small
families and some even choose to live alone.
On the one hand, we are now living in an increasingly interdependent world. It is

impossible for a person to produce all necessities in his life by himself and he has to buy
goods in the market, which means he needs to depend on the work of other people.
In addition, cooperation has always played a key role in our daily work. In a company
consisting of dozens of departments, it is hard to imagine that one person can finish a
challenging project without cooperating with his colleagues.
With views of both sides considered, I think that as economy develops, our
work and lives are closely linked with others’ contribution to society, so individuals
cannot live without communication and cooperation with others. At the same time, I
also believe that human beings by nature are willing to share with, support and care
for each other. But it is also true that people have more freedom and independence
when making their choices and decisions.
范文译文
随着社会的快速发展，人际关系发生了巨大的变化。因此，一些人认为人们往往越
来越相互依赖。然而，其他人认为现代社会使人们变得比以前更加独立。双方观点都有
道理。
一方面，越来越多的人在他们的工作和生活中是独立的。首先，在当代世界，劳动分
工非常普遍，每个人都专攻某一领域。也就是说，人们可以独立完成他们的工作，而不是
依赖别人。从这一点上看，人们独立性的增强是一个不可逆转的社会趋势。其次，很明显
的是，人们的独立意识增强了，这一点突出表现在他们的私人生活方面。例如，许多年轻
人都不愿意和父母住在一起，而以前他们都生活在传统的大家庭中。相反，他们建立起自
己的小家庭，有些人甚至选择独自生活。
另一方面，我们现在生活在一个日益相互依存的世界。一个人不可能亲自生产出生
活中所需的一切必需品，他不得不在市场上购买商品，这就意味着他需要依靠其他人的工
作。此外，合作一直在我们的日常工作中起着至关重要的作用。如果一个公司由许多部门
组成，如果不与同事协作，很难想象一个人可以去完成一个具有挑战性的项目。
考虑双方的观点，我认为，随着经济的发展，我们的工作和生活都与别人对社会的贡
献息息相关，所以，没有与他人的沟通和合作，个人就无法生存。同时，我也相信，人类
166
在本质上是愿意相互分享、支持和关怀的。但人们在作出他们的选择和决定时有了更多的
自由和独立性，这也是事实。
万能框架
Along with the rapid development of society, great changes have taken place in
. Therefore, some individuals deem that people tend to increasingly
. Others, however, are convinced that modern society makes people more
than ever before. Both sides are reasonable.
On the one hand, . Firstly, . That is to say, .
From this point, is an irreversible social trend. Secondly, it is obvious that
. For example, .
On the one hand, . In addition, .
With views of both sides considered, I think that . At the same time, I
also believe that . But it is also true that .
原题重现
Some people think that we are more independent of each other in the world now,
while others suppose that we are more dependent on each other.
Discuss both views and give your reasons.
——跟风趋势的体现
WRITING TASK 2
The tendency to copy is shown in the popularity of fashion in clothes and other consumer
goods.
167
考题解释
跟风的趋势体现在时尚服装的流行和其他消费品方面。
你在多大程度上同意或反对？
文章结构
第二段理由段段落中心句→（第一个理由+举例）→ 第二个理由→ 第三个

理由
第四段让步段让步句→ 支持句→ 转折句
考官范文
Nowadays it is common for young people to follow some fashion trends in
clothes, accessories, mobile phones, and even lifestyles like travelling abroad. So there
is a belief that human beings tend to imitate each other and I think this argument is
true to some extent.
There are numerous reasons why I support this opinion, and I would explore
a few of the most important ones here. To start with, I think the popularity of
fashionable clothes and other consumer products is the symbol of advanced technology.
Take the eminent mobile phone Apple for example. It is widely accepted and used by
an increasing number of people around the world, due to its extraordinary function
and humanised style of designing. Another factor contributing to this situation is
the prevalence of advertisements, which are designed to exaggerate the quality of the
goods and tempt consumers to buy them. Promoted by the mass media, some products
become very popular among general public. Furthermore, the young generations are
worried that they are thought to be out of fashion, particularly in today’s fast-changing
world. A girl would feel shame at dressing in the old-fashioned style. A gentleman would
get embarrassed if his mobile phone is mocked as obsolete. Therefore, people tend to
think highly of the latest development in clothes and other products and be ready to
keep up with it.
However, in real life, we can also see some people behave differently from their
peers. They pursue their own lifestyle and maintain their individuality, in disregard of
the comments of other people. Nevertheless, they only represent a minority of the
population and conformity is still prevalent in human society.
168
In conclusion, I am convinced that the popularity of fashion is an irreversible

trend. It is natural for people to imitate each other and this phenomenon has
become more apparent in the commercialised society.
范文译文
现在年轻人在各方面普遍追求时尚，比如衣服、饰品、手机，甚至是生活方式，比如
去国外旅游。因此，有一种看法，那就是人们往往互相模仿，我认为这种说法在一定程度
上是事实。
我支持这个观点的理由有很多，我将给出几个最重要的。首先，我认为时尚服装和其
他消费品的普及是先进技术的象征。以著名的苹果手机为例。由于其非凡的功能和人性化
的设计风格，使全世界越来越多的人接受并使用它。导致这种状况的另一个原因是广告的
盛行，这些广告设计夸大了商品的质量，引诱消费者去购买。在大众传媒的推动下，一些
产品在公众中非常普及。此外，年轻一代担心自己被认为是落伍的，特别是在如今这个日
新月异的世界。一个女孩会因为穿着老式风格的衣服而感到羞愧。一个绅士也会因被嘲笑
使用淘汰的手机而感到尴尬。因此，人们往往重视衣服和其他产品的最新发展，并随时准
备跟随潮流。
然而，在现实生活中，我们也可以看到一些人表现出与同龄人不同的行为。他们追求
自己的生活方式，保持自己的个性，不去理会其他人的评论。然而，他们只是少数，而从
众的人在社会中仍然普遍。
总之，我相信，时尚的流行是一个不可逆转的趋势。人们互相模仿是自然的，这种现
象在商业化的社会中已经变得越来越明显。
万能框架
Nowadays it is common for young people to follow some fashion trends in
. So there is a belief that and I think this argument is true to
some extent.
There are numerous reasons why I support this opinion, and I would explore a
few of the most important ones here. To start with, . Take
for example. . Another factor contributing to this situation is .
Furthermore, . Therefore, people tend to think highly of .
However, in real life, we can also see . Nevertheless, they only
.
In conclusion, I am convinced that the popularity of is an irreversible
trend. It is natural for people to and this phenomenon has become more
apparent in the commercialised society.
169
类似考题
In some societies, fashion becomes more and more important for people to choose
clothes. Why is it happening?
Do you think it is a positive development or negative development?
——国家是否应鼓励消费
WRITING TASK 2
Nowadays some countries encourage people to buy more and more products, while others
believe it has negative effects on society.
考题解释
现在很多国家鼓励人们购买越来越多的产品，有人认为这对社会有害。
文章结构
第三段另一方观点段落中心句→ 第一个理由→（第二个理由+举例）→ 第三个

理由
考官范文
With the rapid development of economy, the sales of consumer goods show
a significant increase in many countries. As far as I am concerned, stimulating
170
people to spend more benefits the economic growth and society to some extent,
but its negative influences should also be noticed.
The reasons why some countries encourage consumption are varied. First
of all, it can boost production and investment. Due to the rapid growth in demand,
manufacturers will try to expand their production to meet it, which in turn would lead
to the prosperity of the enterprises. Accordingly, the government could receive higher
tax revenues. Moreover, the better economic situation would create more positions
and then increase household income. With better economic condition, it is justified
for people to spend more money in buying various kinds of goods and enjoy a better
material life.
However, this trend is criticised by some people for the following reasons.
To start with, excessive consumption causes the waste of resources. Because of the
increasing demand for new goods, the consumption of raw materials has been growing
year by year, which gives rise to a severe shortage of energy and resources. In addition,
this practice is more likely to result in greater pressure on the environment. For
example, many people throw away old things and the disposal of waste has become
a thorny task. Another concern is the loss of traditional value among young people.
They spend money like water and compete for material things with their peers, which is
harmful to their individual development as well as their family.
To conclude, the boom of consumption and production should be encouraged.

However, to avoid its negative effects mentioned above, we need to promote
environmentally friendly lifestyles and object to any waste and tighten financial budget
in our daily lives.
范文译文
随着经济的快速发展，消费品的销售在许多国家显著增加。在我看来，刺激人们多消
费对经济的增长和社会在一定程度上都有利，但也应该注意其消极影响。
一些国家鼓励消费的原因有很多。首先，它可以刺激生产和投资。由于需求的快速增
长，制造商将扩大生产，以满足这种需求，从而使企业得以繁荣。因此，政府可以获得更
高的税收收入。此外，良好的经济形势将创造更多的工作岗位，进而增加家庭收入。在良
好的经济条件下，人们有理由花更多的钱去购买各种商品和享受比较好的物质生活。
然而，这种趋势被一些人批评，理由如下。首先，过度消耗造成资源浪费。由于对新
产品的需求增加，原材料消耗量逐年增长，这导致了能源和资源的严重短缺。此外，这种
做法很可能会给环境造成更大的压力。例如，许多人扔掉旧的东西，废弃物的处置已成为
一个棘手的任务。另一个值得关注的是年轻人传统价值的丧失。他们花钱如流水，和同伴
171
攀比物质上的东西，这对于他们个人的发展和家庭来说都是有害的。
总之，消费和生产的繁荣应该得到鼓励。然而，为了避免上述负面影响，我们应该在
日常生活中提倡有利于保护环境的生活方式，反对任何浪费和入不敷出。
万能框架
With the rapid development of economy, show a significant increase
in many countries. As far as I am concerned, benefits the economic growth
and society to some extent, but its negative influences should also be noticed.
The reasons why are varied. First of all, . .
Accordingly, . Moreover, . With better economic condition, it
is justified for people to .
However, this trend is criticised by some people for the following reasons. To start
with, . In addition, this practice is more likely to result in . For
example, . Another concern is .
To conclude, should be encouraged. However, to avoid its negative
effects mentioned above, we need to promote and object to .
类似考题
2013年12月12日考题
In many countries people can buy a wide range of household goods (for example,
TV, microwave ovens, and rice cookers).
Is it a positive or negative development?
——大城市存在的问题和解决办法
WRITING TASK 2
In many countries, the quality of life in large cities is becoming worse.

What are the causes of this problem?
What measures do you think should be taken to tackle this problem?
172
考题解释
在很多国家，大城市的生活质量正在变差。
这个问题的原因是什么？
你认为应该采取什么措施来解决这个问题？
文章结构
第二段问题段段落中心句→ 支持句
第三段问题段段落中心句→ 支持句
结尾段解决措施段落中心句→ 第一个措施→ 第二个措施
考官范文
Along with the rapid development of society, more and more young people
gather in major cities such as Shanghai, Beijing and Shenzhen. The influx of more
population causes many problems for the big cites. The two major problems are
traffic jams and accommodation availability.
It is well known to all that the traffic of large cities is awful. It takes young people
even over 3 hours on the way to work every weekday, which is a waste of both time and
energy. But they have no choice, and not all of them can afford their own cars. When
there is a big traffic jam, people will be late and be fined for delaying their mission. Even
worse, when people get back home from work, some of them usually feel exhausted
and throw themselves into bed without having dinner. It seems that what they need is
just a sound sleep.
The accommodation condition in big cities is not desirable for young people
either. The rent of a small flat will take up fifty per cent of their salary. So they hardly
have any savings after paying for their house lease, not to speak of buying their own
house in the large cities.
Then how can we solve these problems? I think the first problem can only
be solved by the government. The state should invest more in the construction of
urban infrastructure, such as building more subways and other road facilities, which will
improve the traffic of large cities. As to the housing problem, I do not think the price
of real estate would fall one day. Here is a good suggestion: young people migrate to
small cities and buy houses and work there. That is to say, for those young people who
173
do not have a full-time job, it is an alternative to leave big cities and go back to their
hometown, where they will live a relaxed and comfortable life.
范文译文
随着社会的快速发展，越来越多的年轻人聚集到上海、北京、深圳等大城市。更多人
口的涌入给大城市带来了很多问题。两个最主要的问题就是交通堵塞和住房问题。
众所周知，大城市的交通问题是相当可怕的。年轻人每个工作日花在上班路上的时间
甚至超过3个小时，这既浪费时间又消耗精力。但他们没有选择，并不是所有的人都买得
起自己的汽车。遇到严重的交通堵塞时，人们会迟到，导致任务拖延而受到处罚。更糟糕
的是，当人们从工作地点回到家以后，他们中有些人往往感到精疲力竭，不吃晚饭就直接
把自己扔到床上。似乎他们需要的仅仅是一个良好的睡眠。
大城市的住房情况对于年轻人来说也不是很理想。一所小房子的租金费用就会占用他
们工资的一半。因此，在支付了房屋租赁费用后，他们几乎没有任何储蓄了，更不用说在
大城市购买自己的房子了。
那么，我们该如何解决这些问题呢？我认为第一个问题只能由政府来解决。国家应当
更多地投资于城市的基础设施建设，例如，建造更多的地铁和其他的道路设施，这将会改
善大城市的交通状况。至于住房问题，我认为房屋的价格不会有下跌的那一天。这里有一
个很好的建议：年轻人迁移到小城市，在那里买房子和工作。也就是说，对于那些没有全
职工作的年轻人来说，他们可以选择离开大城市，回到家乡，在那里过轻松舒适的生活。
万能框架
Along with the rapid development of society, more and more .
causes many problems for . The two major problems are .
It is well known to all that . Even worse, .
is also not desirable for . So , not to speak
of .
Then how can we solve these problems? I think the first problem can only be
solved by . As to , I do not think . Here is a good
suggestion: . That is to say, .
原题重现
The major cities in the world are growing fast, as well as their problems.
What are the problems that young people living in cities are faced with?
Give solutions to these problems.
174
—— 丢弃旧的东西并购买新东西的原因和后果
WRITING TASK 2
Nowadays, people always throw old things away and buy new things, whereas in the past,
old things were repaired and used again.
What factors cause this phenomenon？
What effects does the phenomenon lead to？
考题解释
如今，人们总是丢弃旧的东西而去买新的；但在过去，旧的东西会在维修后被重新
使用。
导致这种现象的原因是什么？
这种现象会引起什么样的后果？
文章结构
第三段理由段段落中心句→ 支持句
第四段后果段段落中心句→ 第一个后果→ 第二个后果→ 第三个后果
考官范文
The past several decades have witnessed significant changes in our spending
habits. Unlike people of previous generations who would, if possible, repair
175
damaged things to make sure they could be used for a longer time, people nowadays
tend to discard old things and buy new ones. In this essay, I intend to explore the
reasons behind this phenomenon along with some consequences that might be
caused by this kind of behaviour.
One of the primary causes is the raised standard of living. A few decades ago,
it was difficult for people, especially those from the developing countries, to squeeze
money out of their tight family budgets to buy new things when old ones could still
be used after repair. Nowadays, however, the improved standard of living has freed
many people from such restrictions. With more money at their disposal, most people in
modern society are able to afford the purchases of new things.
Another contributing factor to the situation is the cheap and easy availability
of products. In this highly industrialised society, a great variety of goods have been
produced in large quantities. This means plenty of products of high quality and
comparatively low price are now available. By contrast, the costs involved in repair
may discourage people from repairing a product given the fact that buying a new one
is not that expensive. Another disadvantage of repairing is that it may involve a long
and complicated process. As a result, people would rather buy new products than
spend a large amount of money and time repairing old ones.
Reasonable though it may seem, this spending habit can, in reality, bring about
several problems. One of the most obvious problems is the waste of resources. In
addition, this kind of practice can be damaging to the environment for the simple
reason that the things thrown away constitute a large amount of waste. Finally, it may
also exert a negative influence upon the younger generation.
In conclusion, it is inevitable that people will discard damaged old things

and replace them with new ones due to the enhanced living standard as well as the
availability of cheap products. We should, however, be aware of the problems that
might be caused by our spending habits.
范文译文
过去几十年来，我们目睹了消费习惯的巨大变化。不同于前几代的人们，如果有可
能，他们会修理被损坏的东西，确保可以使用更长的时间，现在的人们倾向于丢弃旧的东
西，然后去买新的。在这篇文章中，我将探讨这一现象背后的原因以及这种行为可能造成
的一些后果。
主要原因之一是生活水平提高了。几十年以前，特别是对于发展中国家的人们来说，
在旧的东西被修复后仍然可以使用的情况下，从紧张的家庭预算中拿出钱来购买新的东西
是很难的。然而，如今生活水平的提高使很多人从这种限制中解脱出来了。随着可支配资
176
金越来越多，现代社会的大多数人都能够买得起新的东西。
造成这一情况的另一个因素是商品的丰富和廉价。在这个高度工业化的社会，很多
产品被大规模生产。这意味着现在有大量高品质且价格相对低廉的产品可供选择。相比之
下，实际情况是新产品的价格并不昂贵，而修理所支付的费用可能会使人们不愿意去修理
一件东西。修理的另一个缺点是，它可能需要一个长期且复杂的过程。因此，人们宁愿花
钱买新产品，而不愿意在修理旧的东西方面花费金钱和时间。
尽管这看起来是合理的，但这种消费习惯在现实中会带来一些问题。最明显的问题之
一是资源的浪费。此外，这种做法可能会破坏环境，原因很简单，被丢弃的东西形成了大
量的垃圾。最后，这也可能对年轻的一代造成负面影响。
总之，由于生活水平的提高以及廉价产品的供应，人们丢弃损坏的旧东西并代之以新
的东西是不可避免的。但我们应当警惕这种消费习惯可能带来的种种问题。
万能框架
The past several decades have witnessed significant changes in our spending habits.
Unlike people of previous generations who would , people nowadays tend
to . In this essay, I intend to explore the reasons behind this phenomenon
along with some consequences that might be caused by this kind of behaviour.
One of the primary causes is . A few decades ago, .
Nowadays, however, .
Another contributing factor to the situation is . By contrast, .
Another disadvantage of is that . As a result, people would
rather than .
Reasonable though it may seem, can, in reality, bring about
several problems. One of the most obvious problems is . In addition,
. Finally, .
In conclusion, it is inevitable that . We should, however, be aware of
the problems that might be caused by .
原题重现
Nowadays, people always throw the damaged things away and buy new ones;
whereas people in the past would always reuse them after repairs had been made.
Why do you think it is the case?
What problems might this lead to?
177
2012年11月24日考题
—— 手机和电脑的使用是否会导致书信的消失
WRITING TASK 2
With the increasing use of mobile phones and computers, fewer and fewer people tend to
write letters. Some people believe that writing letters will disappear completely.
考题解释
随着越来越多的人使用手机和电脑，写信的人越来越少了。有些人认为写信将会完全
消失。
文章结构
第四段让步段让步句→ 转折句
考官范文
The means of communication nowadays is significantly different
from decades ago, when people mainly relied on letter writing. Some people
hold the view that modern communication tools, such as cellphones and computers,
will rapidly supersede the old way. Personally, I am against such a point of view.
There are some good reasons which can be used to support my argument.
The primary reason is that writing letters possesses some inherent benefits which
178
cannot be displayed by mobile phones and the Internet. As is known to all, the functions
of the Internet and mobile phones need to be realised with the help of operating systems.
However, some elderly people can hardly manipulate such modern devices. Instead, they
tend to write letters, which is more convenient than typing words into a small screen.
The second reason is that e-mails or text messages merely display standardised
words with the same size, font and colour. By contrast, a sophisticated letter
presented on a selected piece of paper in an elegant handwriting and enclosed in a
beautiful envelope with a memorable stamp attached conveys much more emotional
information than an instant message or an e-mail.
Admittedly, compared with letters transported by air or by train all the way across
mountains or rivers and finally delivered to the recipient, talking on a cell phone or sending
an e-mail is much more economical and environmentally friendly. However, this does
not necessarily mean the definite vanishing of traditional way of correspondence.
Overall, after considering the arguments mentioned above, I am still

convinced that although e-mails and text messages are convenient and time-saving,
traditional letters also have certain unique advantages. Therefore, it cannot be totally
replaced in the future.
范文译文
如今的通信方式明显不同于几十年以前了，那时人们主要靠写信。一些人认为，现代
通信工具，如手机和电脑，将迅速取代旧的通信方式。就我个人而言，我反对这种观点。
有一些很好的理由可以用来支持我的观点。
首先最主要的原因就是写信有一些手机和网络所不具备的固有优势。众所周知，互
联网和手机的功能需要借助操作系统来实现。然而，一些老年人很难操控这样的现代化设
备。相反，他们倾向于写信，这比往小屏幕里面敲字更加方便。
第二个原因就是电子邮件和短消息仅仅显示出大小、字体和颜色都一模一样的标准化
文字。相比之下，一封精美的信写在一张精心挑选的信纸上，有着优雅的字体，装在美丽
的信封里，贴上一张有纪念意义的邮票，这比一条即时消息或电子邮件能够传达更多的情
感信息。
诚然，书信要通过飞机或火车经过千山万水才能最后送到收件人那里，与此相比，用
手机通话或发送一个邮件更经济、更环保。然而，这并不意味着传统的通信方式就一定会
消失。
总而言之，考虑上述论点后，我仍然相信，虽然电子邮件和短信方便省时，但传统的
信件也有其独特的优点。因此，它在将来是不会被完全取代的。
179
万能框架
The means of communication nowadays is significantly different from decades ago,
when people mainly relied on letter writing. Some people hold the view that .
Personally, I am against such a point of view. There are some good reasons which can be
used to support my argument.
The primary reason is that possesses some inherent benefits which
cannot be displayed by . As is known to all, . However,
. Instead, .
The second reason is that . By contrast, .
Admittedly, compared with , is much more economical and
environmentally friendly. However, this does not necessarily mean .
Overall, after considering the arguments mentioned above, I am still convinced that
although , also have certain unique advantages. Therefore,
.
原题重现
With the increase in the use of mobile phones and computers, fewer people
are writing letters. Some people think that the traditional skill of writing letters will
disappear completely.
2012年10月13日考题
—— 一个国家不同文化和种族共存的原因和利弊
WRITING TASK 2
We have a mixture of peoples from different cultures and ethnic groups in a country.
Why is this the case?
180
考题解释
一个国家有来自不同文化和种族的人。
这是为什么呢？
文章结构
第二段原因段段落中心句→（第一个原因+举例）→ 第二个原因
第三段优点段段落中心句→ 第一个优点→ 第二个优点
第四段缺点段段落中心句→ 第一个缺点→ 第二个缺点→ （第三个缺点+
举例）
考官范文
The past several decades have witnessed great changes in population
structure of a nation. In many countries, the population is composed of people from
different races and ethnic groups. This essay aims to discuss how this comes into
existence and what influences it exerts on our society.
There are several reasons that may explain how this situation has appeared.
Initially, over the past few centuries, massive migration happened in every part of the
world and this tradition has lasted for hundreds of years. The US is the best example
of this and the majority of its population comes from Europe, Asia and Africa, etc.
Then in the late years of last century, due to the development of transportation and
telecommunication, working and living in other countries became much easier and
more convenient, which also contributed to the formation of cities and countries with
immigrants from other countries.
To be sure, a great many merits could be gained when a country is made up

of a rich variety of ethnic groups. The most eye-catching virtue is that co-existence
could promote the mutual understanding and friendship among peoples from manifold
ethnic groups. Meanwhile, people will have golden chances to have a deeper insight
into different cultures and customs. Mutual admiration and longtime study could make
all the peoples learn the virtue of each other and thus become prosperous together.
Despite the above benefits, we should not ignore that many countries are facing
problems caused by the coexistence of multiple peoples. On the one hand, local
181
people complain about the pouring of foreigners who compete for jobs with them and drive
up unemployment rate. On the other hand, immigrants may feel the hostility from the
locals and find it hard to adapt to the new environment. Another drawback might be the
racial discrimination and racial segregation. To illustrate, in some western countries, African
Americans are, in some cases, suffering various types of injustice and inequality in terms of
employment, social welfare, marriage, or even the use of public facilities.
To conclude, the integration of cultures and ethnics in many areas in the world

reflects the desire of human beings for widening their horizon and exploring the
unknown world and this in turn accelerates more contact between distinctive cultures
and ethnic groups. So globalisation is an irreversible trend. And I am sure solving
the problems of countries with multiple cultures and ethnic groups requires not only
open-mindedness but also wisdom.
范文译文
在过去几十年中，国家的人口结构已经发生了很大的变化。在许多国家，人口是由来
自不同种族和文化群体的人组成的。本文旨在讨论它是如何产生的，以及它对我们的社会
有什么影响。
出现这种情况原因有好几个。首先，在过去的几个世纪，世界各地发生了大规模的移
民，这个传统已经持续了几百年。美国就是最好的例子，那里大多数的人口来自欧洲、亚
洲和非洲等地。后来，在上个世纪的晚期，由于交通和通信的发展，工作和生活在其他国
家变得更容易、更方便，这使得很多城市和国家都有来自其他国家的移民。
诚然，国家由多民族组成的优点有很多。最引人注目的好处就是共存可以促进各民
族人民之间的相互理解和友谊。与此同时，人们会有更好的机会深入了解不同的文化和习
俗。长期的互相欣赏和学习可以使各族人民互相学习彼此的优点，从而实现共同繁荣。
尽管有上述好处，我们也不应该忽视许多国家正面临着多民族共存所造成的问题。一
方面，当地人会抱怨外国人的涌入，这些外国人与他们竞争工作，并导致失业率上升。另
一方面，移民可能会感受到当地人的敌意，觉得很难适应新的环境。另一个缺陷可能就是
种族歧视和种族隔离。举例来说，在一些西方国家，非洲裔美国人在某些情况下会受到各
种不公正和不平等的对待，如在就业、社会福利、婚姻甚至利用公共设施等方面。
总之，世界很多地方的文化和民族融合反映了人类扩大自己的视野和探索未知世界的
愿望，这反过来又加速了各文化和种族群体之间更多的接触。因此，全球化是一个不可逆
转的趋势。我相信，解决国家面临的多元文化和种族群体的问题不仅需要开放的头脑，而
且还需要智慧。
182
万能框架
The past several decades have witnessed great changes in population structure of a
nation. In many countries, . This essay aims to discuss how this comes into
existence and what influences it exerts on our society.
There are several reasons that may explain how this situation has appeared. Initially,
. is the best example of this. Then .
To be sure, a great many merits could be gained when a country is made up of
a rich variety of ethnic groups. The most eye-catching virtue is that .
Meanwhile, .
Despite the above benefits, we should not ignore that many countries are facing
problems caused by the coexistence of multiple peoples. On the one hand, .
On the other hand, . Another drawback might be . To
illustrate, .
To conclude, . So globalisation is an irreversible trend. And I am sure
solving the problems of requires not only open-mindedness but also wisdom.
类似考题
Multi-cultural societies in which there is a mixture of different ethnic peoples bring
more benefits than drawbacks to a country.
To what extent do you agree or disagree？
—— 年轻人不快乐的原因和解决办法
WRITING TASK 2
In some countries, young people are not only richer, but also safer and healthier than ever
before. However, they are less happy.
What are the main reasons for this?
What can be done for this?
183
考题解释
在一些国家，年轻人不仅比从前更富有，而且也更安全、更健康。然而，他们的快乐
却更少了。
这种现象的主要原因是什么呢？
对此可以做些什么呢？
文章结构
第二段原因段第一个原因→ 对比论述
第三段原因段第二个原因→ 支持句
第四段原因段第三个原因→ 支持句
结尾段解决措施段落中心句→ 第一个措施→ 第二个措施
考官范文
In many countries, people are better off than decades ago, especially the
young generation who are taken good care of and enjoy a rich material life and
better education. But there is no sign showing that they are much happier. What
factors lead to this phenomenon and what we can do to solve the problem have
become a concern to many people. I think there are several reasons for this.
Firstly, as the young generation grow up and live in a time of greater material
abundance, they take for granted their high living standard and become less sensitive
to any improvement in this regard. On the other hand, however, their spiritual need
cannot be satisfied due to the loss of traditional values. They strive for fame and fortune
and suffer from high stress every day, but get disoriented in a fast-changing world and
have no idea about the goal of their life.
Furthermore, as many young people were spoilt by their parents in their

childhood, they become self-centred and inconsiderate. They care about their own
feelings, but show little interest in those around them. Some of them have difficulty in
their communication and cooperation with other people, which leads to extra stress in
their life and work.
Finally, some young people become alienated from their family members and
friends as a result of addicting themselves to surfing the Internet. Because most feelings
184
are expressed through eye contact, facial expression and body language, non-face-to-

face communication replacing direct talking leads to lower level of trust and emotional
satisfaction.
It is essential that effective actions should be taken to end the situation.

First of all, young people should shift part of their attention from their own business
to their families and friends. Parents should also help young people to develop a
positive attitude towards life and the world. Traditional values, such as respecting the
old, spending more time with family members, would help young people to become
happier. In addition, just as the proverb goes: “Present Rose to others with remaining
fragrance at hand.” So if the younger generation can participate in more voluntary
activities in their spare time, they will discover the new side of life.
范文译文
在许多国家，人们的境况要比几十年前更好，特别是年轻的一代，他们享受着丰富的
物质生活和更好的教育。但是没有任何迹象表明他们更幸福了。什么因素导致了这个现象
以及我们该怎样做来解决这个问题已经成为很多人的关注。我认为有几个原因。
首先，由于年轻的一代成长和生活在一个物质更丰富的时代，他们把较高的生活水平
视为理所当然，并且对生活水平的任何改善变得不那么敏感。然而，另一方面，由于传统
价值观的缺失，他们的精神需要得不到满足。他们每天追逐名利，承受着很大的压力，但
却在快速变化的世界里迷失了方向，不知道他们的人生目标是什么。
此外，由于许多年轻人在童年的时候都被他们的父母宠坏了，他们变得以自我为中心
而不会体谅别人。他们关心自己的情感，但却对周围的人表现冷漠。一些人在与其他人交
流和合作方面有困难，从而给他们的生活和工作带来更多的压力。
最后，一些年轻人由于沉溺于上网，结果疏远了自己的家人和朋友。由于绝大部分的
情感是通过眼神接触、面部表情和肢体语言来传递的，非面对面的交流取代直接谈话导致
信任程度和情感上的满足感降低。
采取有效的行动来结束这种状况是至关重要的。首先，年轻人应该把他们的一部分注
意力从自身转移到他们的家人和朋友身上来。家长也要帮助年轻人培养积极的态度来面对
生活和世界。传统的价值观，如尊敬老人、花更多的时间与家人相处有助于年轻人变得更
快乐。此外，正如谚语所说的：“予人玫瑰，手有余香。”如果年轻人能够在他们的业余
时间多参加志愿活动，他们就会发现生活崭新的一面。
万能框架
In many countries, people are better off than decades ago, especially the young
generation who are taken good care of and enjoy a rich material life and better
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education. But . What factors lead to this phenomenon and what we can do
to solve the problem have become a concern to many people. I think there are several
reasons for this.
Firstly, . On the other hand, however, .
Furthermore, . . .
Finally, . .
It is essential that effective actions should be taken to end the situation. First of
all, . . . In addition, just as the proverb goes:
. .
类似考题
2012年10月11日考题
Some people think that personal happiness is directly related to economic success.
Others argue that happiness depends on other factors.
—— 规划将来还是抓住现在
WRITING TASK 2
Some people prefer planning for the future while others argue that we should focus on
the present.
What is your opinion?
考题解释
有些人喜欢规划未来，而有些人则认为我们应该专注于现在。
你的观点是什么？
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文章结构
开头段转述题目转述题目→自己的观点
第二段分析段段落中心句→ 第一个理由→（第二个理由+举例）
第三段分析段段落中心句→ 第一个理由→ 第二个理由
结尾段自己的观点总结全文→ 再次强调自己的观点
考官范文
In our time and age, much debate has taken place about whether we should
plan our future or just focus on the present. From my point of view, the two sides
are not contradictory and both are indispensable if we want to be successful.
On the one hand, it is necessary for people to make some reasonable plans
for their future. First and foremost, plans serve as guidelines for people to achieve
success. Once people have set clear goals, they tend to devote themselves to pursuing
these goals, regardless of hardships in their way. If they are unclear about what they
hope to do and why, they are likely to get disoriented when in difficulty. In addition,
in the fast-changing world, it is necessary to anticipate problems in advance and get
well-prepared for them. For example, so fierce is the competition becoming in the
commercialised society that only those businessmen with far-sight and vision can be in
an advantageous position and have more opportunities.
Although planning the future is encouraged, it is more essential to seize the

present to fulfill the plans. For one thing, eye-catching achievements mainly lie in the
efforts of today. Provided that we don’t focus on the present, by and large, we cannot
enjoy the future. For another, our life is composed of nothing but considerable amount
of present. As the saying goes, “Yesterday is a history; tomorrow is a mystery; today is a
gift, that is why it is called present.” Change is the law of life, so concentrating our mind
on what is happening in the present is probably more true to life than dreaming of the
future. Therefore, planning without action would be not only meaningless but also a
waste of time.
To sum up, mapping out our future increases the likelihood of success, but one of
the outstanding prerequisites is that we should put our plans into action immediately.
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范文译文
如今，关于是否我们应该计划未来还是只专注于现在发生了许多争论。在我看来，这
两方面并不矛盾，如果我们想要成功，这两者都是必不可少的。
一方面，对于人们来说，为将来做出一些合理的计划是必要的。首先，计划是人们获
得成功的行动准则。人一旦有了明确的目标，他们往往潜心追求这些目标，而无论道路有
多艰辛。如果他们不清楚他们希望做什么以及为什么这么做，那么就可能会在困难时迷失
方向。此外，在瞬息万变的世界，事先预测问题并为此做好准备是很有必要的。例如，在
商品化的社会里，竞争是如此的激烈，以至于只有那些有远见、有梦想的商家才能处于有
利的地位并赢得更多的商机。
虽然规划未来值得鼓励，但更重要的是要抓住现在来完成计划。首先，辉煌的成就主
要取决于今天的努力。如果我们不注重现在，那么一般来说，我们也就不能享受未来。另
一方面，我们的生活是由大量的现在构成的。俗话说，“昨天已是历史，明天还是未知；
只有今天才是礼物，这就是为什么现在被称为present（现在，礼物）。”变化是生活的
法则，把我们的注意力集中在当下正在发生的事可能比梦想未来更真实。因此，没有行动
的规划不仅是毫无意义的，而且还浪费时间。
综上所述，规划我们的未来增加了成功的可能性，但有一个重要的先决条件，那就是
我们应该把计划立刻付诸行动。
万能框架
In our time and age, much debate has taken place about whether or
. From my point of view, the two sides are not contradictory and both are
indispensable if we want to be successful.
On the one hand, it is necessary for people to make some reasonable plans for their
future. First and foremost, . . . In addition,
. For example, .
Although planning the future is encouraged, it is more essential to seize the present to
fulfill the plans. For one thing, . . For another, .
As the saying goes, . . Therefore, .
To sum up, .
类似考题
An American film actor once said, “Tomorrow is important and precious.” Some
people think individuals and society should pay more attention to the future than to the
present.
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—— 喜好竞争对个人的影响
WRITING TASK 2
Ambition is being emphasised in today’s society.

How important do you think it is for those who want to succeed in their life?
Is it a positive or negative characteristic?
考题解释
抱负在当今社会很重要。
你认为抱负对于那些希望他们的人生很成功的人来说有多重要？
它是一个积极的还是消极的品质？
文章结构
第二段积极的方面段落中心句→ （第一个理由+举例）→第二个理由→第三个理由
考官范文
Ambition is crucial to a country and can give a boost to national strength.
When it comes to whether the competitive character could exert a beneficial impact on
individuals, people hold divergent views. Before voicing my opinion, I will explore
the hot issue from different angles.
Indeed, great ambition has its unique advantages. Firstly, it is one of the most
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stimulating factors for people to focus on certain tasks which they are embarking on and
thus fully tap their infinite potential. To illustrate, the desire to stand out from the rest,
might, in most cases, empower those coming from the humble background to struggle
from the bottom of society and become social elites. Furthermore, aspiration allows
people to survive in the fierce competition ranging from pursuing academic success
to securing ideal jobs. Specifically, careerism enables people to spare no efforts to
struggle for personal excellence and seek after ambitious schemes, which helps realise
one’s self-value as well as bring family happiness.
Yet, seen from the perspective of physical or mental well-being, ambition

is never without its demerits. Initially, people suffering from excessive pressure of
becoming the best of the best might fail to strike a balance between work and family life;
consequently, people not only have to take care of their deteriorating heath but also
cope with psychological distress such as anxiety and depression. Also, those who lack
individual competence might feel isolated or inferior to others, which might give rise to
their declined happiness index or poor sociability.
Overall, in spite of some underlying demerits, the virtues of ambition

outbalance its drawbacks, for not only does it greatly conduce to personal
development, but it is also more likely to benefit a nation if its citizens never slacken
efforts of self-improvement and always aspire to make progress in every aspect.
范文译文
抱负对于一个国家来说至关重要，能够促进国力的增强。当谈到喜好竞争的性格是否
会给个人带来好的影响时，人们持有不同的观点。在表明我的立场之前，我会从不同的角
度来分析这个热门的话题。
确实，雄心大志有其独特的好处。首先，它是激励人们最重要的要素之一，它可以让
人们专注于所做的事情，并因此发掘其无限的潜能。例如，在大多数情况下，渴望出人头
地可以让那些出身卑微的人从社会底层开始奋斗，并进而成为社会精英。此外，抱负使人
们从追求学业的成功到找到理想工作的激烈竞争中生存下来。尤其是，雄心可以让人们不
遗余力地力争个人的卓越和追求宏伟的蓝图，这有助于实现一个人的自我价值，而且可以
给家人带来幸福。
然而，从身心健康的角度而言，抱负也并非没有缺点。首先，那些承受努力成为最好而
带来的压力的人们，可能无法实现工作与家庭生活的平衡，结果，他们不仅要面对日益恶化
的健康，而且还要应付心理上的痛苦，比如焦虑和抑郁。此外，那些缺少个人能力的人也可
能感觉孤单或者低人一等，这也可能降低一个人的幸福指数或者导致其社交能力低下。
总之，虽然有一些潜在的缺陷，但是抱负的优点远远超过其缺点，因为它不仅非常有
190
助于个人的发展，而且如果人们不断地努力自我提升，并且总是在每一个方面都有进步，
这样更有可能使国家受益。
万能框架
Ambition is crucial to a country and can give a boost to national strength. When
it comes to whether , people hold divergent views. Before voicing my
opinion, I will explore the hot issue from different angles.
Indeed, great ambition has its unique advantages. Firstly, . To
illustrate, . Furthermore, . Specifically, .
Yet, seen from the perspective of physical or mental well-being, ambition is
never without its demerits. Initially, ; consequently, . Also,
.
Overall, in spite of some underlying demerits, the virtues of ambition outbalance its
drawbacks, for not only does it , but it is also .
类似考题
Competitiveness now is very important to the society.
Is competitiveness positive or negative to the individual?
—— 老年人口比例增加的利弊
WRITING TASK 2
It is expected that there will be a higher proportion of older people than young people in
many countries in the future.
考题解释
将来在很多国家，预期老年人的比例将会比年轻人更高。
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你认为这是一个积极的还是消极的发展？
文章结构

第二段积极影响段落中心句→ 第一个影响→ 第二个影响
第三段消极影响段落中心句→ 举例→ 分析句
考官范文
Thanks to the advances in biomedical technology for treating diseases and
gerontology research to slow down aging process, the longevity of human beings
will become more popular around the globe in the future. This situation has
many significant impacts on both individuals and society, including both benefits
and troubles.
On the one hand, the increase of aged people is never without its positive
aspects. The most striking one is that more aged people will promote the
development of health-care-related industry, which means the further progress of
medical treatment and improvement of living condition. That is to say, in the future,
the aged individuals will have more opportunity to enjoy themselves and have more
time to develop their interests. Another advantageous aspect is that the elderly have
already accumulated a sea of experience ranging from economic activities, working
wisdom and professional knowledge; hence, they can share their valuable experience
with juniors, which is a unique contribution to make to the development of the younger
generation and society as a whole.
On the other hand, the growing population of the aged will also bring some
problems. For instance, in China, because of the one-child policy and the growing
life expectancy, it is most likely that a young couple will support four elders, which is
obviously a great burden for the youth. Furthermore, more aging population will cause
a relative decrease in effective working force. Consequently, the productivity of the
whole society will be negatively affected to some extent.
My view is that considering the seriousness of aging population, it is high

time that we took some effective measures. To start with, great efforts are surely
necessary to promote economic development. Only in this way can the large
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proportion of public fund be put into the social network focusing on the elderly. Also, a
more reasonable population policy and family planning policy should be laid down and
carried out so as to resolve the unreasonable phenomenon of the population structure.
范文译文
由于生物医学技术在治疗疾病方面的发展和老年医学研究减缓了衰老的过程，将来，
世界上人类的长寿将变得更普遍。这种情况对个人和社会都带来了极大的影响，既有好处
也有麻烦。
一方面，老年人的增加是有很多积极的方面的。最引人注目的就是，老年人越来越多
将促进医疗保健行业的发展，这意味着医疗的进一步发展和生活条件的改善。也就是说，
在将来，老年人将有更多的机会享受生活，有更多的时间发展他们的兴趣。另一个有利的
方面就是，老年人已经积累了大量的经验，既包括经济活动方面的经验，也包括工作的智
慧和专业知识，因此，他们可以和年轻人分享他们的宝贵经验，这对于青年一代和整个社
会的发展是一个独特的贡献。
然而，另一方面，日益增长的老龄人口也会带来一些问题。例如，在中国，由于独
生子女政策和长寿，一对年轻夫妇很可能要赡养四位老人，这对年轻人而言是个很大的压
力。此外，更多的老龄人口将导致有效劳动力的相对减少。因此，整个社会的生产力将会
在某种程度上受到负面的影响。
我的看法是，考虑到老年人口问题的严重性，现在该是我们采取一些有效措施的时候
了。首先，大力促进经济发展是非常必要的。只有这样，才能将大量的公共资金投入到有
关老年人的社会系统中。此外，应制定和执行更合理的人口政策和计划生育政策，以解决
人口结构不合理的现象。
万能框架
Thanks to the advances in biomedical technology for treating diseases and
gerontology research to slow down aging process, the longevity of human beings will
become more popular around the globe in the future. This situation has many significant
impacts on both individuals and society, including both benefits and troubles.
On the one hand, is never without its positive aspects. The most
striking one is that . That is to say, . Another advantageous
aspect is that .
On the other hand, also bring some problems. For instance,
. Furthermore, . Consequently, .
My view is that considering the seriousness of , it is high time that we
took some effective measures. To start with, great efforts are surely necessary to promote
. Only in this way can . Also, .
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类似考题
2011 年 10 月 8 日考题
In many countries, the proportion of older people is steadily increasing.
Does this have more positive or negative effects on society?
2010 年 3 月 6 日考题
Survey shows that in many countries the people are living longer, but increased life
expectancy has many implications for the aging individuals and for society as a whole.
What are the possible effects of longer living on individuals and society?
——跨国公司和全球化的影响
WRITING TASK 2
Some people think that the spread of multinational companies and growing globalisation
produce positive effects on everyone.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with the statement?
考题解释
一些人认为，跨国公司的增加和日益增长的全球化对于每个人都有着积极的影响。
你在何种程度上同意或不同意这个观点？
文章结构
第二段优点段段落中心句→（第一个优点＋举例）→ 第二个优点

第三段缺点段段落中心句→ 支持句
194
考官范文
In the past few decades, the prevalence of foreign corporations and the
accelerating globalisation have influenced people’s life in all aspects. Some
people hold that all individuals will benefit from this, but from my point of view,
this trend is a double-edged sword, bringing about enormous benefits as well as
drawbacks.
On the one hand, the proliferation of multinational enterprises and

globalisation is beneficial in many respects. To start with, the trend of globalisation
gives a boost to the world economy. For instance, international trade, which is
beneficial for all parties involved, allows a country to focus on some certain industries,
and then to exchange their products with other countries. As a result, productivity is
enhanced significantly. Moreover, the establishment of multinational corporations will
definitely produce a significant number of job opportunities. So the local dwellers’
employment rate would see a dramatic increase and consequently they are more likely
to have a better life.
On the other hand, globalisation also causes problems and the advent of
foreign corporations is not necessarily rewarding to all individuals. In developing
countries, a large number of local companies closed down, as they were defeated in
the competition with their transnational counterparts. And we also see demonstrations
against globalisation held by those who lost their jobs as a result of international free
trade.
In conclusion, globalisation has become an irreversible trend due to the increasing

communication and cooperation of all countries. I tend to agree that the proliferation
of multinational enterprises and the growing globalisation bring about a significant
number of blessings, but we should also guard against the negative impacts of
this trend.
范文译文
在过去的几十年中，外国公司的大量出现以及日益加速的全球化已经影响到人们生
活的各个方面。一些人认为所有的人都将受益于此，但是在我看来，这种趋势是一把双刃
剑，带来了巨大的好处，同时也带来了缺点。
一方面，跨国企业的增加和全球化在许多方面是有益的。首先，全球化趋势促进了世
界经济的发展。例如，国际贸易，它对贸易的各方都有好处，使得一个国家能够集中发展
一些特定的产业，并与其他国家交换他们的产品。因此，生产率显著提高了。此外，跨国
公司的建立必然会产生大量的就业机会。所以，当地居民的就业率将急剧增加，因此他们
更有可能过上更好的生活。
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另一方面，全球化也引起了一些问题，并且外国公司的出现也不一定对所有的人都有
好处。在发展中国家，当地大量的公司停产，因为他们在竞争中被跨国的同行打败了。我
们也看到那些由于国际自由贸易而失去工作的人们示威反对全球化。
总之，由于所有国家之间越来越多的交流与合作，全球化已成为不可逆转的趋势。我
认为，跨国企业的增加和日益加速的全球化带来了很多的好处，但我们也应该警惕这一趋
势的负面影响。
万能框架
In the past few decades, the prevalence of foreign corporations and the accelerating
globalisation have influenced people’s life in all aspects. Some people hold that
, but from my point of view, this trend is a double-edged sword, bringing
about enormous benefits as well as drawbacks.
On the one hand, the proliferation of multinational enterprises and globalisation
is beneficial in many respects. To start with, . For instance, .
. Moreover, . .
On the other hand, globalisation also causes problems and the advent of foreign
corporations is not necessarily rewarding to all individuals. . .
In conclusion, . I tend to agree that bring about a
significant number of blessings, but we should also guard against the negative impacts
of this trend.
类似考题
Some people think developing countries should invite large foreign companies to
open offices and factories to develop their economy. Others think developing countries
should keep large companies out and develop local companies instead.
第五节犯罪
——对违法者的惩罚措施
WRITING TASK 2
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Some people think all lawbreakers should be put into prison, while others believe that
there are better alternatives.
考题解释
一些人认为所有的违法者都应该被关进监狱，而另一些人认为有更好的措施。
文章结构
第三段另一方观点段落中心句→ 支持句
结尾段总结全文总结全文→自己的观点
考官范文
It is a common practice all over the world to send criminals to prison and this
is considered as the best way to deal with them. However, some people suggest
that alternative measures are more effective. This essay will discuss the issue
form both sides.
On the one hand, sending criminals to prison does exert some positive effects
on public security and justice. It would have a deterrent effect on those who intend
to commit crimes. By contrast, if criminals can escape punishment, there is a risk
that the crime rate would rise and the society would become unstable and dangerous.
In addition, it is fair for victims and their relatives to see the criminals imprisoned;
otherwise people would protest and lose their trust in the government and law.
On the other hand, some people believe that there are still other means
available to reform criminals, such as education and skill training. There is a fact
that after a certain term of imprisonment, some law-breakers should be set free and re-
enter society. If they fail to master the basic skills of making a living or do not have a
proper legal sense, they are more likely to perform some anti-social actions again. In
197
this sense, education and job training will play a key role in helping those offenders
turn over a new leaf. More precisely, they should be trained to be skilled workers in
some fields so that they could draw on their skills to earn a decent living after finishing
their terms in prison.
Overall, I do not deny the function of prison in punishing felons and deterring crime.
However, this practice cannot turn all criminals into law-abiding members without the
help of other effective measures. Therefore, a combination of different solutions is a
perfect way to cut down crime rate.
范文译文
把罪犯投入监狱是全世界的通常做法，这被认为是对付他们的最好办法。然而，一些
人认为，其他的措施更有效。本文将从两个方面讨论这个问题。
一方面，将罪犯关到监狱的确对公共安全和司法正义产生一些积极的影响。它会对那
些打算犯罪的人产生震慑作用。相反，如果罪犯逃脱惩罚，将会有一种风险，那就是犯罪
率会上升，社会将变得不稳定和危险。此外，它对于受害者和他们的亲属来说，看到罪犯
被监禁是公平的；否则人们就会抗议，并且对政府和法律失去信心。
另一方面，一些人认为仍有其他方法可以用来改造犯罪分子，如教育和技能培训。有
一个事实是，经过一定时间的监禁后，一些违法者应该被释放并重新融入社会。如果他们
不能掌握谋生的基本技能，或者不能拥有正确的法律观念，他们很有可能重新实施一些反
社会的行动。从这种意义上说，教育和工作技能的培训在帮助那些罪犯改过自新的过程中
发挥着至关重要的作用。更确切地说，他们应该被培训成某些领域的熟练工人，从而使他
们能在服刑结束后可以利用他们的技能过上体面的生活。
总的来说，我不否认监狱在惩罚罪犯和震慑犯罪中的作用。然而，如果没有其他有效
措施的辅助，这种做法不能把所有罪犯改造成守法的公民。因此，不同办法的结合是降低
犯罪率的完美途径。
万能框架
It is a common practice all over the world to and this is
considered as the best way to deal with . However, some people
suggest that alternative measures are more effective. This essay will discuss the issue
form both sides.
On the one hand, does exert some positive effects on
. . By contrast, if ,
there is a risk that . In addition, ; otherwise
.
198
On the other hand, some people believe that there are still other means
available to , such as . There is a fact that
. If they fail to , they are more likely to
. In this sense, will play a key role in
. More precisely, .
Overall, I do not deny the function of . However, this practice
cannot without the help of other effective measures. Therefore, a
combination of different solutions is a perfect way to .
原题重现
Some people think sending criminals to prison is an effective way to deal with
them, while others think education and training are better.
—— 反社会和无礼行为增加的原因和解决办法
WRITING TASK 2
Today there is a great increase in anti-social behaviour and lack of respect for others.
What are the causes of this?
What measures can be taken to reduce this problem?
考题解释
如今 , 反社会行为和缺乏对他人尊重的现象大大增加。
这是什么原因？
可以采取哪些措施来减少这个问题呢 ?
199
文章结构
开头段转述题目背景→ 转述题目→ 概述原因→ 引起下文
第二段分析段第一个原因→ 解决办法
第三段分析段第二个原因→ 解决办法
考官范文
Nowadays, there are an increasing number of anti-social behaviours in our
daily life and many people lack respect for others. This is especially true among
young people. I think there are mainly two factors that cause this phenomenon.
One is the negative influence of mass media, and the other is the lack of school
and family education. It is high time for us to attach importance to these problems
which may exert quite a bad influence on our society.
On the one hand, with the increasing commercialization of mass media,

programme producers pay more attention to audience ratings and the publishers of
books also mainly focus on the number of readers, which is clearly associated with
profits. Therefore, many kinds of violence are presented on TV and in books. The
constant exposure to violence may cause the youth to go astray. In order to correct
this trend, the government should shoulder its responsibility to restrict and supervise
the mass media, i.e. not allowing certain TV programmes at some viewing slots, or
limiting the publication of some kinds of books according to their content.
On the other hand, the lack of school and family education should be another
main cause of impertinence. Without being properly educated, some people even
cannot distinguish between right and wrong. So they often ignore others’ feelings and
have no sense of guilt for their anti-social behaviour. In addition, some young people
usually want to show off their unordinary personality, which often in turn offends
others. To change this situation, I think both parents and teachers should strengthen
education and supervision on the youth. As the old saying goes, “habit cures habit”.
If young people get enough benign edification, the number of anti-social acts will
be reduced. Besides, I also hold the standpoint that there will be no anti-social
behaviour when people are satisfied with their life.
To sum up, at present the problems of anti-social behavior and lack of respect for
others are inevitable, so we have to take effective measures to diminish their adverse
influence and spare no effort to make our society more peaceful and harmonious.
200
范文译文
如今，我们日常生活中反社会行为的数量在增加，很多人缺乏对别人的尊重。年轻人
尤其如此。我认为主要有两个因素造成了这一现象。其一是大众媒体的负面影响，其二是
学校和家庭教育的缺失。现在正是重视这些问题的时候了，这些问题很可能会对我们的社
会带来不良的影响。
一方面，随着大众媒体的日益商业化，节目制作人更加注重收视率，图书出版商也主
要关注读者的数量，而这显然是与利润相关的。因此，电视和书籍中出现了很多暴力。经
常接触暴力可能会导致年轻人偏离正轨，迷失方向。为了纠正这种趋势，政府应当承担其
责任，制约和监督大众媒体，也就是 , 在某些时间段不允许播放某些电视节目，或者根据
其内容限制某些图书的出版。
另一方面，学校和家庭教育的缺失也是缺少礼貌的另一个主要原因。如果没有接受恰
当的教育，有些人甚至是非不分。因此，他们往往忽视别人的感受，不会对他们的反社会
行为感到内疚。此外，有些年轻人常常想炫耀自己不平凡的个性，这又往往会触犯到他人。
要改变这种状况，我认为父母和老师都应当加强对年轻人的教育和监督。正如那句老话，
“新风移旧俗”。如果年轻人受到足够的良性熏陶，反社会行为的数量就会减少。此外，我
还有一个观点，那就是当人们对自己的生活感到满意时，就不会再发生反社会的行为了。
总之，目前反社会行为以及缺乏对他人的尊重等问题是不可避免的，因此我们必须采
取有效的措施来减少其不利的影响，竭尽全力使我们的社会更加宁静和谐。
万能框架
Nowadays, there are an increasing number of anti-social behaviours in our daily life
and many people lack respect for others. This is especially true among young people.
I think there are mainly two factors that cause this phenomenon. One is the negative
influence of , and the other is the lack of . It is
high time for us to attach importance to these problems which may exert quite a bad
influence on our society.
On the one hand, . Therefore, . In order to correct
this trend, , i.e. .
On the other hand, should be another main cause of .
. In addition, . To change this situation, I
think both and should .
As the old saying goes, . . Besides, I also hold
the standpoint that .
To sum up, at present the problems of are inevitable, so we have
to take effective measures to diminish their adverse influence and spare no effort to
.
201
原题重现
2010 年 1 月 30 日考题
Many people believe that today there is a general increase in anti-social behaviour
and lack of respect for others.
What might have caused this situation?
How to improve it?
—— 出狱后再犯罪的原因和解决办法
WRITING TASK 2
Report research suggests that the majority of criminals who were sent to prison would
commit crimes after they were set free.
What do you think of this case?
What should be done to solve this problem?
考题解释
报告研究表明，被关进监狱的大多数犯罪分子被释放后还会犯罪。
你怎么看待这种情况？
应该怎样做才能解决这个问题？
文章结构
第四段解决办法段落中心句→ 第一个办法→ 第二个办法
结尾段总结全文总结全文→ 概括解决办法
202
考官范文
Criminals released from prison are supposed to live a new life and stay away
from further criminal activities. It is, however, an unfortunate fact that many of
them still tend to commit crimes after being set free. It is crucial that we analyse the
causes of this disturbing issue and explore the effective solutions. From my own
perspective, the causes are multiple.
The main cause is that they may be pressured by poor economic conditions. Some
of these criminals may be poorly educated and lack the skills required in the job market. As
a result, it is fairly difficult for them to find a decent job to pay their daily expenses. Feeling
disappointed and hopeless, they may resort to crimes, such as theft or burglary, to overcome
their financial difficulties regardless of the possible consequences.
The second thing that must be taken into consideration is that they are
likely to be influenced by their troublesome peers. Even though they are set free
and are supposed to find a better path in life, they may find it difficult to gain social
understanding and respect and are thereby discouraged from forming new social
connections and making new friends, which makes them feel isolated and marginalised
from society. Consequently, these criminals are prone to get in touch with their peers
and then return to their former way of life.
Considering the severity of this issue, we have no choice but to take stringent
measures to address this problem. To begin with, education and job training should
be provided either inside prison or outside it, which can ensure that criminals have
adequate skills to apply for a job in the future. It is equally important that society and
family members of released prisoners should have effective communication with them.
This may encourage them to reform actively and gradually become members of the
mainstream society, which would keep them away from the adverse influence exerted by
their previous peers.
In short, this disturbing problem is attributed to many factors and it is

expected that the provision of education and job skills as well as social understanding
may be of positive effect in reversing the trend. I believe that with the joint
efforts from individuals and the government, it can be eventually resolved.
范文译文
刑满获释的犯罪分子应该开始新的生活，远离进一步的犯罪活动。然而，很不幸的事
实是，其中不少犯罪分子被释放后仍然会犯罪。分析这个问题的原因并且找到有效的解决
办法是至关重要的。在我看来，原因是多方面的。
203
最主要的原因是他们迫于拮据经济状况的压力。其中一些犯罪分子可能没有受过良好
的教育，在就业市场里缺乏所需的技能。结果，对于他们来说，找到一份体面的工作并维
持其日常开支是相当困难的。感到失望和绝望，他们可能会诉诸犯罪，例如偷窃或入室盗
窃等，以克服他们的经济困难，而不管可能的后果。
第二个必须考虑的事情是他们可能是受到那些讨厌的同伴的影响。他们即使获释并被
期待应当在生活中找到更好的道路，可能也很难获得社会的理解和尊重，以及形成新的社
会关系并结交新的朋友，这些都使他们感到被社会孤立和边缘化。结果，这些犯罪分子又
会和同伴取得联系，然后回到他们以前的生活方式上。
考虑到问题的严重性，我们只有采取严厉的措施来解决这个问题。第一，应当在监狱
内或监狱外提供教育和职业培训，以确保犯罪分子具备足够的技能，以便将来找到一份工
作。同样重要的是，社会和刑满释放的犯罪分子的家庭成员应当与他们进行有效的沟通。
这可能会鼓励他们积极改造，并逐步成为主流社会的一部分，这将会阻止他们受到以前同
伴施加的不良影响。
总之，这个麻烦的问题来自很多因素，可以预见的是，教育、工作技能以及社会的理
解可能对扭转这一趋势有着积极的影响。我认为，通过个人和政府的共同努力，它最终会
得以解决。
万能框架
Criminals released from prison are supposed to live a new life and stay away from
further criminal activities. It is, however, an unfortunate fact that .
It is crucial that we analyse the causes of this disturbing issue and explore the effective
solutions. From my own perspective, the causes are multiple.
The main cause is that . As a result, .
The second thing that must be taken into consideration is that .
Consequently, .
Considering the severity of this issue, we have no choice but to take stringent
measures to address this problem. To begin with, . It is equally
important that .
In short, this disturbing problem is attributed to many factors and it is expected
that the provision of may be of positive effect in reversing the
trend. I believe that with the joint efforts from individuals and the government, it can be
eventually resolved.
204
第六节媒体
——读书比看电视更能开发想象力和语言技能
WRITING TASK 2
Some people believe that people who read books can develop more imagination and language
skills than those who prefer to watch TV.
考题解释
一些人认为喜欢读书的人比那些喜欢看电视的人更富有想象力和语言技能。
你在何种程度上同意或反对？
文章结构
第二段分析段第一个方面→ 第二个方面
第三段分析段段落中心句→ 举例说明第一个方面→ 第二个方面
考官范文
Watching TV is a common way for people to spend their leisure time.
However, there is a viewpoint that people who prefer to read books can become
more imaginative and capable in using language. Speaking for myself, I disagree with
this opinion to some extent.
Granted, compared with watching TV, reading leaves people more room for
imagination. It is conceivable that first-class books are the summarisation of excellent
ideas. As for those who are in the habit of reading regularly, exposure to the thoughts
205
of masters can help them develop more innovative ideas and thus stimulate their
rich imagination. Another advantage of reading lies in its contribution to the
improvement of people’s language skills, particularly for children. Needless to
say language on books is richer and more formal than that on TV. This is proven by
the phenomenon that children who like reading at an early age tend to have a higher
level of literacy and read faster than those who often watch TV.
Nevertheless, under no circumstances can we brush aside the function of

some instructive TV programmes. For example, some lectures delivered by some
famous professors on TV focus on explanation of historic events or comments on social
phenomena, which not only broaden people’s horizons but also deepen their insight
into life. Also, many prevailing Talk Show or speech contest programmes are full of
inspiring information and the hosts of those programmes are extremely quick-witted.
Hence, these programmes play a vital role in cultivating viewers’ language skills.
In conclusion, my view is that it is not only by reading more masterpieces but

also through appreciating more classical TV programmes that one’s imagination could
be enriched and speechcraft could be fostered.
范文译文
看电视是人们度过闲暇时间的一种常见的方法。然而，有一种观点认为喜欢看书的
人能够变得更富有想象力，并且更善于使用语言。就我而言，在某种程度上我不同意这种
观点。
诚然，与看电视相比，阅读带给人们更多的想象空间。可想而知，一流的图书是优
秀思想的总结。对于那些有定期阅读的习惯的人来说，接触名家的思想可以帮助他们产生
更多的创新理念，从而激发他们丰富的想象力。阅读的另一个好处在于对人的语言能力的
提高，尤其是儿童。毋庸置疑，书本中的语言比电视上的语言更丰富、更规范。有一种现
象证明了这一点，那就是幼儿时期就喜欢阅读的孩子比那些经常看电视的孩子识字水平更
高，阅读速度更快。
然而，在任何情况下我们都不能忽视教育性的电视节目的功能。例如，一些著名的教
授在电视上发表的一些演讲，这些演讲对历史事件的解释和对社会现象的评论使得人们不
仅拓宽了视野，还可以提高他们对生活的洞察力。同时，许多流行的脱口秀或演讲比赛节
目充满了鼓舞人心的信息，并且这些节目的主持人非常机智。因此，这些电视节目在培养
观众的语言能力方面起着至关重要的作用。
总之，我的观点是，一个人不仅可以通过阅读更多的杰作，而且可以通过欣赏更多经
典的电视节目来丰富想象力和培养口才。
206
万能框架
is a common way for people to spend their leisure time. However,
there is a viewpoint that . Speaking for myself, I disagree with this opinion
to some extent.
Granted, . It is conceivable that . .
Another advantage of lies in its contribution to the improvement of
people’s . Needless to say . This is proven by
the phenomenon that .
Nevertheless, under no circumstances can we brush aside the function of .
For example, . Also, . Hence, .
In conclusion, my view is that it is not only but also
that .
原题重现
It is believed that people who read for pleasure can develop better imagination and
language skills than people who prefer to watch TV.
2012年10月27日考题
—— 广告的影响
WRITING TASK 2
Advertising discourages us from being different individuals by making us all want to be

and look the same.
207
考题解释
广告使我们想要的（东西）都一样，使我们看起来也一样，从而消除我们的个性差异。
文章结构
第二段理由段段落中心句→（支持句+举例）
第三段理由段段落中心句→（支持句+举例）
第四段理由段段落中心句→ 支持句
考官范文
Advertising has always been a controversial topic in terms of its effects on
people. There is a viewpoint that people are losing their individuality because they
watch the same advertisements and buy the same goods. From my perspective, I
completely disagree with this viewpoint. There are no less than three reasons as
rendered below.
To begin with, although advertisements want us to buy their products, the obvious
point is that different advertisements try to persuade us to purchase different things.
So many commodities in various advertisements are provided for people’s option
that it is fairly difficult for people to be the same with others. Take clothes as an
example. There are various styles, ranging from classical to modern, childish to mature,
conservative to sexy. Therefore, people still could choose their favourite style that best
suits their distinctive individuality.
In addition, advertisers are well aware that certain products generally appeal to
certain groups of people. Therefore, they focus their attention on those groups rather
than targeting everyone. In order to have more market share, a company tends to
produce a variety of products. For example, car manufacturers rarely only produce one
type of car, since they know that different social classes have varying preferences.
Most importantly, being exposed to a sea of advertisements for long, people’s

immune systems towards advertisements have strengthened. Consequently, most people
can resist the trend set by commercial advertisements and maintain their personal favour in
lifestyle, food, fashion, transport modes, communication devices and so forth.
208
To conclude, due to the multi-choice of merchandises and people’s wise budget,

the public would not lose their individuality in the face of the strong promotion of
advertisements. I see no evidence suggesting that advertising wants us all to buy the
same thing and look similar. In fact, it seems to me that the opposite is true.
范文译文
广告对人们的影响一直是一个有争议的话题。有一种观点认为人们失去了他们的个
性，因为他们看同样的广告，购买同样的商品。在我看来，我完全不同意这个观点。有不
少于三个原因，如下所述。
首先，尽管广告希望我们购买它们的产品，但最明显的一点是，不同的广告企图说服
我们购买的是不同的东西。各种广告中有如此多的商品供人们选择，以至于对于人们来说
想要和其他人雷同是相当困难的。以服装为例。它们有各种各样的风格，从古典的到现代
的，从幼稚的到成熟的，从保守的到性感的。因此，人们可以选择自己最喜欢并且最适合
他们独特个性的风格。
此外，广告商充分意识到某些产品一般来说吸引的是特定群体的人。因此，他们会将
注意力集中在这些群体，而不是针对每个人。为了拥有更多的市场份额，公司往往会生产
各种不同的产品。例如，汽车制造商很少只生产一种类型的车，因为他们知道，不同的社
会阶层有不同的喜好。
最重要的是，由于长期接触无数的广告，人们的对广告的免疫力增强了。因此，大多
数人可以抵挡商业广告所鼓吹的时尚，并保持他们在生活、食品、服装、交通方式和通信
设备等方面的个人喜好。
总之，由于商品选择的多样性和人们精明的预算，大众在强大的广告宣传攻势下不会
失去他们的个性。我认为没有证据表明广告要我们都买相似的东西并且看起来也很像。事
实上，在我看来情况恰恰相反。
万能框架
Advertising has always been a controversial topic in terms of its effects on people.
There is a viewpoint that . From my perspective, I completely
disagree with this viewpoint. There are no less than three reasons as rendered below.
To begin with, . . Take clothes as an
example. . .
In addition, . Therefore, . .
For example, .
Most importantly, . Consequently, .
To conclude, . I see no evidence suggesting that .
In fact, it seems to me that the opposite is true.
209
——不分昼夜地连续播放电视节目的利弊
WRITING TASK 2
In some countries, TV programmes are transmitted throughout the day and night. Some
people think that 24-hour TV transmission has positive impact, while others believe its impact is
negative.
考题解释
在一些国家，电视节目不分昼夜地连续播放。一些人认为，24小时不间断的电视播放
有着积极的影响，而另一些人认为它是消极的。
文章结构
第二段一方观点段落中心句→（第一个理由+举例）→ 第二个理由
考官范文
Since television was invented, it has become a crucial source of information
for the public and an indispensable tool for leisure activities. In some countries, TV
programmes are available 24 hours a day, which has aroused a heated debate
about the advantages and disadvantages of this phenomenon. To see the true
influence of the 24-hour TV transmission exactly, I believe it advisable to have a
careful discussion of the following two views first.
210
People who support the non-stop presentation of TV programmes give their

reasons as follows. Firstly, some individuals will benefit a lot from the uninterrupted
service provided by TV stations. For instance, some people suffer from insomnia, but
now they do not worry about how to kill the time after midnight. For those who are
not allowed to fall asleep at night, like entrance guards, TV is a good companion that
prevents them from dozing off. Some sports fans could also stay up late at night in
order to watch the Olympic Games or any other live broadcast of international sports
events. Secondly, by reporting the news or information repeatedly throughout the day,
television is able to inform the public of the important events that are happening around
them and other information about daily life, like weather forecast, helping people to
adjust their behaviour accordingly.
However, other people’s opinion is just the opposite. They argue that the
broadcasting of TV programmes without any stop may also exercise some
negative influences on people. To start with, people tend to get addicted to watching
TV if they have access to it any time. Sitting in front of the TV set for a long time might
cause a series of problems, such as lack of exercise and exposure to radiation. In
addition, TV is also the culprit for the declining eyesight of many young people. That
is why many experts propose that we should cut down on TV broadcasting instead of
prolonging it.
To sum up, the non-stop TV transmission does bring us both positive and
negative influences. Personally, I believe, with careful planning and supervision,
the benefits will outweigh the drawbacks, because it provides the public with more
abundant TV programmes. Indeed, what matters more is people’s attitude to taking
advantage of them, rather than their broadcasting time.
范文译文
自从电视被发明以来，它已成为公众获取信息的一个重要来源和休闲活动必不可少的
工具。在一些国家，电视节目每天24小时都可以看到，关于这种现象的优点和弊端引起了
一场激烈的辩论。为了准确分析24小时电视播放的影响，我认为最好是首先认真讨论下面
两种观点。
那些支持连续播放电视节目的人给出了如下理由。首先，电视台提供的不间断服务
会使一些人受益匪浅。例如，一些人患有失眠症，但现在他们不用担心午夜后如何消磨时
间。对于那些不能在晚上睡觉的人来说，例如门卫，电视是一个可以防止他们打瞌睡的好
伙伴。一些球迷还可以熬夜观看奥运会或其他的国际体育赛事直播。其次，通过全天反复
播送新闻或消息，电视能够使公众了解发生在他们周围的重要事件以及其他有关日常生活
的信息，如天气预报，从而帮助人们相应地调整他们的行为。
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然而，其他人的观点正好相反。他们认为，电视节目不间断地播放也会对人们产生一
些负面的影响。首先，如果人们随时都可以看电视，他们就会沉迷于此。长时间坐在电视
机前会产生一系列的问题，如缺乏运动和受到辐射。此外，电视也是许多年轻人视力下降
的罪魁祸首。这就是为什么许多专家建议我们应该缩短电视播放的时间而不是延长它。
综上所述，连续的电视播放既会给我们带来正面的影响，也会给我们带来负面的影
响。就我个人而言，我相信，在精心的规划和监督下，它的益处会大于缺点，因为它为公
众提供了更丰富的电视节目。事实上，问题的关键在于人们利用它们时的态度，而不是它
们的播放时间。
万能框架
Since , it has become . In some countries,
TV programmes are available 24 hours a day, which has aroused a heated debate about
the advantages and disadvantages of this phenomenon. To see the true influence of
, I believe it advisable to have a careful discussion of the following
two views first.
People who support the non-stop presentation of TV programmes give their
reasons as follows. Firstly, . For instance, .
. Secondly, .
However, other people’s opinion is just the opposite. They argue that the
broadcasting of TV programmes without any stop may also exercise some negative
influence on people. To start with, . . In
addition, . .
To sum up, does bring us both positive and negative
influence. Personally, I believe, with careful planning and supervision, the benefits will
outweigh the drawbacks, because . Indeed, what matters more is
, rather than .
—— 广告的作用
WRITING TASK 2
Advertising is encouraging consumers to buy in quantity instead of promoting quality.

212
考题解释
广告就是鼓励消费者多购买而不是促进质量的提高。
你在何种程度上同意或者不同意？
文章结构
开头段转述题目背景→ 转述题目
第二段让步段段落中心句→ 支持句
第三段分析段段落中心句→支持句
考官范文
Whether we like them or not, advertisements are rife in almost every field in
society. Some people hold the opinion that advertisements help to increase the sales
of products, but contribute little to the promotion of the quality of the goods.
Admittedly, the original purpose of advertising is to boost the sales of goods

and stimulate consumption. To be specific, most advertisers, through careful analysis
of the psychology of the consumers, are trying to display the best part of their products in
the most attractive ways, expecting to induce the consumers to buy more of the products.
Accordingly, some people buy the products impulsively after they watch the advertisements.
In this sense, advertising is merely a tool of promoting sales rather than anything else.
However, we should not deny that advertisements provide useful information

for consumers to make choices when they are faced with a larger variety of
goods in the market. Through advertisements on the street, on TV and on the
Internet, people get to know the quality and price of products and then make their
own judgment. Some people may argue that advertising tends to exaggerate the
merits of goods or even mislead consumers on purpose. Nevertheless, the majority of
advertisements reflect the strength and image of the producers and those companies
that rely on false advertisements cannot survive for long.
To conclude, advertising industry plays a significant role in the commercial society.
213
It encourages people to buy more products, but meanwhile, we have to admit that
advertisements also motivate manufacturers and service providers to improve the quality
of their products and service.
范文译文
不管我们喜欢与否，广告几乎充斥在社会中的每一个领域。一些人认为，广告有助于
促进产品的销售，但对产品质量的提升却没什么作用。
诚然，广告的初衷就是促进商品的销售，刺激消费。具体说来，大部分的广告商通过
仔细分析消费者的心理，试图以最吸引人的方式展示他们的产品最好的一面，以其诱导消
费者购买更多的产品。因此，一些人看到广告后会出于冲动而购买产品。从这个意义上来
说，广告只不过是促进销售的一个工具。
然而，我们不能否认，当消费者面对市场上各种各样的商品时，广告为他们做出选
择提供了有用的信息。通过街上的广告、电视和互联网，人们了解了产品的质量和价格，
然后做出自己的判断。一些人可能认为，广告往往夸大商品的优点，甚至会有意误导消费
者。然而，大多数的广告反映了生产商的优点和形象，并且那些依靠虚假广告的公司是无
法生存下去的。
总之，广告业在商业社会发挥重要作用。它鼓励人们购买更多的商品，但与此同时，
我们不得不承认，广告也促使制造商和服务供应商提高他们的产品和服务的质量。
万能框架
Whether we like them or not, advertisements are rife in almost every field in society.
Some people hold the opinion that .
Admittedly, the original purpose of advertising is to boost the sales of goods
and stimulate consumption. To be specific, . Accordingly,
. In this sense, .
However, we should not deny that advertisements provide useful information for
consumers to make choices when they are faced with a larger variety of goods in the
market. . Some people may argue that .
Nevertheless, .
To conclude, , but meanwhile, we have to admit that .
原题重现
2005年11月19日考题
Advertising encourages consumers to buy in quantity rather than promoting quality.
214
—— 媒体对人们的影响
WRITING TASK 2
News media are important in modern society.

Why are they so important?
Are their influences generally positive or negative?
考题解释
新闻媒体在现代社会中很重要。
它们为什么如此重要？
它们的影响通常是积极的还是消极的？
文章结构
开头段转述题目转述题目→引起下文
第二段原因段段落中心句→（第一个原因+举例）→第二个原因
第三段积极影响段落中心句→（第一个影响+举例）→第二个影响
第四段消极影响段落中心句→举例
结尾段总结全文总结全文→针对消极影响提出解决建议
考官范文
In contemporary society news media play an essential role. In this essay, I will
first analyse some possible causes of this phenomenon and then discuss their
positive and negative impacts respectively.
215
The reasons why news media are indispensable are manifold. First of all,
they are important for us because we make many decisions by the news provided
by some news media. For example, every day we check the weather forecast to see
whether we should take an umbrella to work. Other information, such as the news
about the business world, could help us decide whether we should invest our savings
in certain companies listed on the stock exchange. In addition, nowadays we are
surrounded by various kinds of news reports. Among all these information, there are
news about the latest technology, the development of international affairs, the status
of our living surroundings, etc. We can access them by listening to the radio, reading
newspapers and magazines, watching television and by surfing the Internet. Thanks to
news media, we can get acquainted with the outside world instantaneously—any
time and any place.
To a large extent, the influences of news media are desirable. To begin with,
many major agencies of news media have smoothly operating branches, seasoned
correspondents and highly efficient systems to collect local news with the swiftest
actions. Owing to journalists’ work, ordinary people are more involved than ever before
in social affairs. For example, when some important affairs happen, news media can
convey the firsthand message to the public; thus we are able to keep our mind updated
and our notions refreshed. More importantly, their coverage and insightful comments
can encourage young readers to form their own opinions on current affairs. And the
Internet also allows people to make comment on news reports, which enhances the
participation of the public.
Despite the positive influences, news media may cause detrimental effects
to society, too. For example, some journalists might involve their personal feelings or
distort the truth of the events in the reports. And in some cases, external pressure may
also lead to biased news reports.
To sum up, as a dominant source of information in modern society, news media

bring us tremendous benefits. Meanwhile, we need to use our own judgment to analyse
the information we receive from the media. It will definitely put us in a more favourable
position if some appropriate regulations are implemented to manage the contents of
news reports.
范文译文
在现代社会，新闻媒体一直发挥着重要的作用。在这篇文章中，我将首先分析这种现
象的一些可能的原因并分别探讨其积极和消极的影响。
新闻媒体必不可少的原因是多方面的。首先，它们对我们很重要是因为我们作出许多
216
决定的时候都要依据新闻媒体提供的一些信息。例如，我们每天查看天气预报，看我们是
否应该带一把伞去上班。其他的信息，如有关商业世界的消息，可以帮助我们决定是否应
该把积蓄投资给某些在证券交易所上市的公司。此外，如今我们周围有各种各样的新闻报
道。所有的这些信息中，有的是关于最新技术的，有的是关于国际事务发展的，有的是关
于我们居住环境的，等等。我们可以通过听广播，读报纸和杂志，看电视和上网获得这些
信息。由于新闻媒体，我们可以及时了解外面的世界——在任何时间和地点。
在很大程度上，新闻媒体的影响是好的。首先，许多重要的新闻媒体单位有运转顺利
的分支机构、经验丰富的记者和迅速采取行动采集当地新闻的高效率的系统。由于新闻工
作者的工作，大众能够比以前更多地参与社会事务。例如，当一些重大事件发生时，新闻
媒体可以向公众传达最新的消息，从而使我们的思想和观念不断更新。更重要的是，他们
的报道和富有洞察力的评论能够鼓励年轻的读者形成他们自己对时事的看法。互联网还允
许人们对新闻报道作出评论，这增强了公众的参与。
尽管有这些积极的影响，新闻媒体也可能对社会造成不利的影响。例如，一些记者在
报道中可能会掺杂个人的感情或歪曲事实。在某些情况下，外部压力也可能导致有偏见的
新闻报道。
总之，作为现代社会中一个主要的信息来源，新闻媒体给我们带来了巨大的好处。同
时，我们需要利用自己的判断力来分析从媒体接收到的信息。如果实施一些适当的规定来
管理新闻报道的内容，它肯定会对我们更加有利。
万能框架
In contemporary society play an essential role. In this essay,
I will first analyse some possible causes of this phenomenon and then discuss their
positive and negative impacts respectively.
The reasons why news media are indispensable are manifold. First of all, they are
important for us because we make many decisions by the news provided by some news
media. For example, . In addition, . Thanks
to news media, we can get acquainted with the outside world instantaneously—any time
and any place.
To a large extent, the influences of news media are desirable. To begin with,
. For example, . More importantly, .
Despite the positive influences, news media may cause detrimental effects to
society, too. For example, .
To sum up, . Meanwhile, .
217
类似考题
Some people think news has no connection to people’s lives, so it is a waste of time
to read the news in the newspaper and watch television news programmes.
Newspapers have become an enormous influence on people’s ideas and opinions.
Is it a desirable or undesirable situation?
—— 新闻和新闻工作者
WRITING TASK 2
We can get information from news, but some people think we cannot trust journalists.
What do you think?
What qualities should a journalist have?
考题解释
我们能够从新闻中获得信息，但一些人认为我们不能相信新闻工作者。
你有什么看法？
一个新闻工作者应该具备什么素质呢？
文章结构
承上启下句→ 段落中心句→ 第一个素质→ 第二个素质→ 第
第三段分析段
三个素质
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考官范文
Thanks to the fast development of the media, people can acquire lots of
knowledge and information from news. But whether we can fully trust journalists
has become a controversial issue. People have been attaching greater weight
to this problem. In this essay, I will try to explore this issue and what qualities
should be required of a journalist.
When it comes to news of today’s newspapers, different people have different
attitudes. Personally, I think some news reports in some newspapers are misleading
and deceptive, especially those about entertainment. Some journalists even make up or
imagine a story and write it as a piece of news. The only aim for them to do so is just to
attract the public’s attention. However, some news reports from some famous media,
for instance, BBC and Guangzhou Morning Post are true and responsible. This kind
of news is always accompanied by data and evidence which are much more believable.
They just tell the truth and what happens exactly.
Why some news reports are unbelievable while some are responsible and true? I
believe that the qualities of a journalist contribute to this complicated phenomenon.
Firstly, as a journalist，he should have a strong sense of responsibility. A journalist
needs to tell the truth and the fact, and be responsible for what he writes and talks.
Furthermore, he must have skills of expressing himself by writing. He just needs to use
exact words and suitable phrases to tell the public the fact, without any imagination.
Last but not least, he should be objective. What he needs to do just to tell what the fact
is without any personal emotion or prejudice involved.
All in all, it is a brazen violation of people’s basic right to know the truth of the
world that journalists are cheating in the newspaper. It is high time that both the
government and the whole media made concerted efforts to let all the news be
believable. And I am convinced that only those journalists who are honest, upright,
professional, and those who are brave enough to fight against evils and those who are
willing to safeguard public interest, will have their foothold in the world.
范文译文
由于媒体的快速发展，人们可以通过新闻获得大量知识和信息。但是我们是否可以完
全信任新闻工作者已经成为一个有争议的问题。这个问题越来越多地受到人们的重视。在
这篇文章中，我将尝试探讨这个问题以及新闻记者应具备的素质。
当谈到今天的报纸新闻，不同的人有不同的态度。我个人认为，一些报纸上的某些新
闻是误导和欺骗性的，尤其是娱乐新闻。有一些记者甚至杜撰或想象出一个故事，并把它
写成一则新闻。他们这样做的唯一目的只是为了获取大众的关注。然而，来自一些著名媒
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体的报道，例如英国广播公司和《广州早报》等都是真实且负责任的。这类新闻总是伴随
着数据和证据，更令人信服。它们只是讲述事实和究竟发生了什么。
为什么有些新闻令人难以置信，而有些则是负责任的和真实的呢？我认为，新闻工作
者的素质促成了这一复杂现象。首先，作为一名新闻工作者，应当具备强烈的责任感。新
闻工作者需要讲述真相和事实，对其所写所说的承担责任。此外，新闻工作者必须具备通
过书面形式表达自己的技能。他只需要使用确切的词和合适的词组告诉公众事实，而不应
该有任何想象的成分。最后但同样重要的是，新闻工作者应当是客观的。他需要做的只是
告知事实是什么，而不需要任何个人的情感或偏见。
总而言之，新闻工作者在报纸上造假是对人们了解世界真相的基本权利的公然侵犯。
该是政府和整个媒体共同努力让所有的新闻都变得可信的时候了。而且我也深信，只有那
些诚实、正直、专业和那些敢于同邪恶作斗争的新闻工作者，以及那些愿意维护公众利益
的新闻工作者才能有立足之地。
万能框架
Thanks to the fast development of the media, people can acquire lots of knowledge
and information from news. But whether we can has become a
controversial issue. People have been attaching greater weight to this problem. In this
essay, I will try to explore this issue and what qualities should be required of a journalist.
When it comes to , different people have different attitudes.
Personally, I think .
Why ? I believe that contribute to this complicated
phenomenon. Firstly, . Furthermore, . Last but not
least, .
All in all, it is . It is high time that both
and made concerted efforts to . And I am
convinced that .
原题重现
2005 年 1 月 8 日考题
Nowadays, people get information through news and papers, but meanwhile they
are uncertain about the truth of these news.
Should we believe journalists?
What qualities should a good journalist or correspondent have?
220
—— 政府控制媒体中的暴力
WRITING TASK 2
The government should control the amount of violence in films and on television in order
to decrease the level of violent crimes in society.
Do you aggress or disagree?
考题解释
为了降低社会中的暴力犯罪，政府应该控制电影和电视里暴力的数量。
文章结构
第二段一方观点段落中心句→ 举例→ 进一步论述
第三段另一方观点段落中心句→ 支持句→ 进一步论述
考官范文
Prompted by some incidents of television-and-film-inspired crimes, the issue
of whether the government should control the amount of violence in films and on
television has become a contentious discussion. Views on the topic vary greatly.
Some people claim that the practice of controlling the amount of violence in mass
media is a brazen violation of the people’s basic right to know the truth of the world.
For example, some films contain some violence, but they reflect the events happening
221
around us. Rather than producing negative effects on their audience, to some extent,
these films educate them. Furthermore, violence in films or on television programmes
cultivates people’s sense of crisis and responsibility, which makes ordinary people and
the police work better for public security. Consequently, it is irresponsible and foolish
to blame the media for violence in our society.
However, others argue that violence in films and on television is detrimental

to the audience’s psychology. Taking fantasy for reality, people become aggressive and
eccentric. They believe things can be solved by violence. In addition, violence has
negative impacts on the stability of society. Research findings reveal that 60 percent of
crimes are committed by teenagers after watching films or television with a large amount
of violence. Teenagers are so immature and vulnerable that they cannot properly judge
whether the acts performed in mass media are right or not.
In my opinion, the advantages of controlling the amount of violence in media
outweigh the disadvantages. In terms of preventing people from committing
crimes, our government should take measures to limit the number of violent movies.
Meanwhile, parents and teachers have responsibilities to guide their children and help
them distinguish right from wrong when they watch violent programmes.
范文译文
受电视和电影引起的犯罪事件的影响，政府是否应该控制电影和电视里暴力的数量这
件事成了一直讨论的话题。关于这个话题的看法存在很大的不同。
一些人认为控制大众传播媒体中的暴力就是厚颜无耻地侵犯了人们了解事件真相的权
利。例如，一些电影涉及一些暴力，但是它们反映了发生在我们周围的事件。从某种程度
来说，这些电影不是给观众带来了消极的影响，而是教育了他们。而且，电影或电视节目
中的暴力可以培养人们的危机感和责任感，这使得百姓和警察为了公共安全而更好地工作。
所以，因为社会中的暴力而指责大众传媒是不负责任且愚蠢的。
然而，另一些人认为，电影和电视中的暴力对观众的心理有害。把幻想当作现实，人
们就会变得好斗而古怪。他们认为事情可以通过暴力手段来解决。此外，暴力对社会稳定
有消极的影响。调查结果显示，青少年犯罪中的 60% 是由十几岁的青少年在看了含有大
量暴力情节的电影或者电视节目后实施的。青少年不成熟且易受影响，因此他们不能正确
地判断大众传媒中的行为是否正确。
在我看来，控制大众传播媒体中暴力数量的优点要超过其缺点。为了预防人们犯罪，
政府应该采取措施限制暴力电影的数量。与此同时，父母和老师也有责任指导他们的孩子，
帮助他们在观看暴力节目的时候明辨是非。
222
万能框架
Prompted by some incidents of television-and-film-inspired crimes, the issue of
whether has become a contentious discussion. Views on the topic
vary greatly.
Some people claim that . For example, .
Furthermore, . Consequently, .
However, others argue that . To begin with, .
In addition, .
In my opinion, the advantages of outweigh the disadvantages.
In terms of , should take measures to
. Meanwhile, .
第七节文化
2013年11月21日考题
——出国学习语言和文化
WRITING TASK 2
As part of education, students should spend a period of time studying and living in a
different country to learn language and culture.
考题解释
作为教育的一部分，学生应该花一段时间在国外学习和生活，以便学习语言和文化。
你在何种程度上同意或反对？
文章结构
开头段转述题目背景→ 转述题目→ 我的观点→ 引起下文
223
结尾段总结全文总结全文→ 提出建议
考官范文
Recent decades have witnessed an apparent tendency that more and more
students choose to study abroad. Some people believe this is the best way to learn
a foreign language and culture and should be encouraged among students. In my
opinion, this practice has great benefits, but it is unrealistic for all people to go
abroad to pursue their studies.
There is no doubt that the mastery of a foreign language would give people
more advantages in academic study and career development. Studying and living in a
foreign country is probably the most effective way of learning a foreign language, which
provides learners with more exposure and more opportunities to use the language.
Living experience also contributes to their better understanding of local customs and
culture. Those with such an experience would have a broader view of life and the world,
and more importantly, become more competitive in the job market.
However, learning in a different country may be an unrealistic choice for all

students when other factors are considered. First of all, the tuition fee and the cost
of living are very high, which may lay heavy financial burden to the average people.
Another problem is that some students who have never experienced the long
separation with their parents may be confronted with some psychological problems,
ranging from loneliness to homesickness.
Both sides above make sense, and consequently it is hard to come to a

consensus. To my mind, studying abroad is not only beneficial for people to master
a foreign language but also can enrich one’s life experience, broaden one’s horizons
and enlarge one’s knowledge scope. Therefore, if managed well, this practice is
definitely a good choice for the students. So it is also advisable that people get
well prepared when they make such a decision.
范文译文
近几十年来有一个明显的趋势，那就是越来越多的学生选择出国留学。一些人认为，
这是学习外国语言和文化的最好方式，应该在学生中鼓励这种做法。在我看来，这种实践
有很大的好处，但所有的人都出国深造是不现实的。
224
无疑，掌握一门外语有助于人们的学术研究和职业发展。在国外学习和生活可能是学
习一门外语最有效的途径，它为学习者提供了更多的接触和使用语言的机会。生活经历也
有助于他们更好地理解当地的习俗和文化。有这种经验的人会拥有更广阔的人生观和世界
观，而且更重要的是，他们在就业方面更具有竞争力。
然而，如果考虑到其他因素，对于所有的学生来说，到国外去学习就可能不是一个
现实的选择。首先，学费和生活费很高，对普通人来说，这可能是个沉重的经济负担。另
一个问题是，一些没有经历过与父母长期分离的学生可能面临一些心理问题，包括孤独和
想家。
上述双方观点都有道理，因此很难达成共识。在我看来，出国留学不仅有助于人们掌
握一门外语，还可以丰富人们的生活经历，开阔眼界，扩大知识范围。因此，如果安排得
当，这种做法对于学生来说肯定是一个很好的选择。所以明智的做法是当他们做出这样的
决定时，他们要做好充足的准备。
万能框架
Recent decades have witnessed an apparent tendency that .
Some people believe this is the best way to . In my opinion, this
practice has great benefits, but it is unrealistic for .
There is no doubt that . . .
However, may be an unrealistic choice for
when other factors are considered. First of all, . Another problem is
that .
Both sides above make sense, and consequently it is hard to come to a consensus.
To my mind, . Therefore, if managed well, this practice is definitely
a good choice for . So it is also advisable that people get well
prepared when they make such a decision.
类似考题
2006 年 8 月 12 日考题
In order to learn a language well, we should also learn about the country as well as
the cultures and lifestyles of the people who speak this language.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
225
2012年11月17日考题
—— 现代建筑看起来相似的原因和利弊
WRITING TASK 2
In the past, buildings often reflected the culture of a society, but today all modern
buildings look alike and cities throughout the world are becoming more and more similar.
What do you think are the reasons?
考题解释
在过去，建筑往往反映一个社会的文化，但如今，所有的现代建筑物看起来都一样，
全世界的城市变得越来越相似。
你认为是什么原因？
文章结构
第二段解释原因段落中心句→ 第一个理由→ 第二个理由
第三段分析利弊承上启下句→ 段落中心句 →（第一个弊端+举例）→ 第二个

弊端
考官范文
Once upon a time, a place’s culture was reflected by its architectural style,
while today’s buildings are becoming increasingly identical. In our modern world,
226
when travelling in a foreign city, especially a metropolis, whatever New York, Beijing or
Sydney, sightseers may be disappointed at the buildings and the city scenery which are
similar to those at home and have few attractive elements. Personally, I feel reasons
for this phenomenon are complicated and it is an unfavourable development.
I think population explosion and modern technology should be mainly

responsible for this. For one thing, since the growth of the world’s population started
to accelerate in the 19th century, the demand for housing has been a serious issue and
rapid urbanisation in some countries deteriorates this problem. Buildings of traditional
style occupied large space and cost plenty on aesthetic decorations and designs. By con-
trast, skyscrapers function better in terms of space, material construction efficiency. For
another, modern building technologies and materials are standardised to a great extent;
therefore, the layout of many urban buildings worldwide gradually becomes similar,
which inevitably leads to the resemblance of city architecture.
On the face of it, the similarity of modern architecture gives people more space
and a sense of familiarity, and people will not feel strange when they travel in other
cities. As a matter of fact, however, this is not a positive development due to the
following arguments. First of all, the achievement of architecture in accommodation
capacity harms its diversity and distinction. Contemporary architecture cannot reflect
a distinctive culture or local geographic feature as they used to. For instance, Beijing
Hutong and Siheyuan represent a traditional lifestyle—neighbourhood and harmony,
which however, are totally lost in high-rises where people do not know their neighbours
any more. In addition, the level of attraction to tourists is also impaired by similarity
and therefore tourism can be affected negatively.
To conclude, technologies used in architecture achieve the maximum space

available, solidity and cost efficiency. But meantime it erases local and national
distinctiveness. Therefore, I am convinced that this is not a favourable change for a
city.
范文译文
曾几何时，一个地方的文化通常体现在当地的建筑风格上，而如今的建筑正在变得
越来越雷同。在现代世界，去国外的城市旅行时，特别是大都市，无论是纽约、北京或是
悉尼，观光者可能会对城市的建筑和景观感到失望，那里和国内相似，很少有吸引人的东
西。在我看来，这个现象的原因很复杂，而且这是一个消极的发展。
我认为人口激增和现代技术应对此负主要的负责。一方面，由于世界人口的增长在19
世纪时开始加快，因此对住房的需求成了一个严重的问题，在一些国家，快速的城市化加
剧了这个问题。传统风格的建筑在审美装饰和设计方面占据很大的空间，并且成本较大。
227
相比之下，摩天大楼在空间和施工效率方面更好。另一方面，现代建筑技术和材料在很大
程度上趋于标准化，因此，全球许多城市的建筑设计逐渐变得相似，这不可避免地导致城
市建筑具有相似的外观。
从表面上来看，现代建筑的相似性给人们更多的空间和一种熟悉的感觉，当人们在
其他城市旅行时不会感觉陌生。然而，事实上，鉴于以下论断，这不是一个积极的发展。
首先，建筑物住宿空间的增加损害了它的差异和独特性。当代建筑不能像过去那样反映
某种独特的文化和当地的地理特征。例如，北京的胡同和四合院代表了一种传统的生活方
式——邻里亲情以及和谐融洽，然而，在高楼里，这些都完全失去了，那里的人们不再了
解自己的邻居。此外，相似性也会造成对游客吸引力的降低，因此，旅游业也会受到负面
的影响。
综上所述，技术在建筑中的应用实现了可用空间的最大化、坚固性和成本效率。但同
时它消除了地区和民族的独特性。因此，我坚信，这对于一个城市来说并不是一个积极的
变迁。
万能框架
Once upon a time, a place’s culture was reflected by its architectural style, while
today’s buildings are becoming increasingly identical. . Personally, I feel
reasons for this phenomenon are complicated and it is an unfavourable development.
I think population explosion and modern technology should be mainly responsible
for this. For one thing, . . By contrast, . For another,
.
On the face of it, . As a matter of fact, however, this is not a positive
development due to the following arguments. First of all, . . For
instance, . In addition, .
To conclude, . But meantime . Therefore, I am convinced that
this is not a favourable change for a city.
类似考题
2009 年 8 月 29 日考题
Many people went abroad to see what other countries look like. However, the
places all around the world now are looking more and more similar.
What do you think are the reasons?
Do you think the advantages of this effect outweigh the disadvantages?
228
—— 博物馆免费的利弊
WRITING TASK 2
Admission to the museum should be free.

Do the advantages outweigh its disadvantages?
考题解释
参观博物馆应该是免费的。
这样做的好处大于弊端吗？
文章结构
开头段背景介绍背景→引起下文
第二段分析段（第一个理由+反面论证）→（第二个理由+反面论证）
第三段分析段段落中心句→ 支持句
考官范文
The function of museums is to collect and exhibit a large variety of items for
educational and entertainment purposes. Visiting museums is an important part
of people’s cultural life, children’s education and tourist sightseeing. However,
there has been a heated debate as to whether museums should charge admission
or not.
On the one hand, charging admission will contribute to the fund required for
the sound development of the museum. With the revenue generated from the tickets,
229
the museum management can refurbish the old buildings, acquire more valuable
exhibits, and provide more thoughtful services. By contrast, if admission is free, which
is the case in some government-funded museums, the budget allocated to the museum
is so limited that it fails to cover the cost for the regular maintenance work. Another
benefit of charging service is that it helps to control the number of visitors. If access
to the museum is free of charge, the flock of visitors might lead to disorder and chaos
and as a result, undermine the quality of the museum tour.
On the other hand, there seem to be also disadvantages about paying a price
for entering the museum. It may dampen the enthusiasm of the public who are willing
to pay a visit to the museum in their spare time. As the museum plays an essential part
in the education of people, particularly children and young people, it should try by
every means to attract the public, but the charge would be counteractive.
Taking both sides into consideration, I believe that free admission is not
feasible: particularly in those cities whose governments have a tight budget. As long as
the museum does not degrade into a profit-oriented institution, a moderate charge for
admission is understandable and reasonable. Only in this way, can those museums
be properly operated.
范文译文
博物馆的功能是收集和展览各种各样的物品，以用于教育和娱乐的目的。参观博物馆
是人们的文化生活、孩子的教育和旅游观光的重要组成部分。然而，关于博物馆是否应该
收取费用出现了激烈的争论。
一方面，收取入场费将增加博物馆正常发展所需的资金。有了门票收入，博物馆的管
理者可以翻新旧的建筑，获得更多有价值的展品，并提供更为周到的服务。相反，如果免
费入场，就像一些由政府资助的博物馆那样，由于分配给博物馆的预算是如此的有限，以
至于无法支付日常维护工作的费用。收费服务的另一个好处是它有助于控制游客的人数。
如果博物馆是免费的，那么游客的涌入可能导致无序和混乱，其结果就是使博物馆之旅变
得糟糕。
另一方面，付费参观博物馆似乎也有不足。它可能会抑制那些想在闲暇时间参观博物
馆的市民的热情。由于博物馆在人们——尤其是儿童和年轻人——的教育中扮演着一个重
要的角色，因此它应该想方设法吸引公众，但收费将起到相反的作用。
综合考虑两个方面，我相信，免费入场是不可行的：特别是对于那些政府预算很紧张
的城市来说（更是如此）。只要博物馆不沦落成唯利是图的机构，适当地收取入场费是可
以理解的，也是合理的。只有这样，那些博物馆才能正常运转。
230
万能框架
The function of museums is to collect and exhibit a large variety of items for
educational and entertainment purposes. Visiting museums is an important part of
people’s cultural life, children’s education and tourist sightseeing. However, there has
been a heated debate as to whether museums should charge admission or not.
On the one hand, charging admission will contribute to . . By
contrast, . Another benefit of charging service is that it helps to .
On the other hand, there seem to be also disadvantages about paying a price for
entering the museum. . .
Taking both sides into consideration, I believe that . As long as ,
is understandable and reasonable. Only in this way, can those museums be
properly operated.
—— 价值观念
WRITING TASK 2
Individual selfishness and greed has been the basis of modern society. But some people
think that we should return to older and traditional values of respect for family and local
community in order to create a better world to live in.
考题解释
个人的自私和贪婪已经成为现代社会的基础。但有些人认为，我们应当回归尊重家庭
和社区的古老传统的价值观，以便创造更美好的居住环境。
你在何种程度上同意或者不同意？
231
文章结构
第二段分析段段落中心句→ 第一个理由→ 第二个理由
考官范文
It has been thought that selfishness and greed deeply rooted in human
nature have provided incentives for the development of modern society. However,
in this fast-paced world, many standards and values are undergoing major changes.
Obviously, we are caught in such a dilemma whether it is justified for us to revive
our traditional values such as respect for family and local community so as to make the
world a better place.
On the one hand, if we attach sufficient importance to family and local

community values treasured by our society for thousands of years again, we will
probably be able to regain happiness and enjoyment which are lost in our desperate
efforts to seek economic success and development. To begin with, traditional values
include a series of moral codes and conceptions formed by our ancestors who have
thrived for centuries. This means that the experience gained from so many historical
events can provide us with guidance and orientation about the present. In addition,
individuals’ desires will never be satisfied completely, because another desire will
always appear when one is accomplished. Family and local community are definitely
perfect places where we can find comfort and encouragement, especially when we are
exhausted by faster pace of life and fierce competition in modern society.
On the other hand, there is a high possibility that family and local community
will fail to provide the ultimate solution to individual greed and selfishness. Firstly,
scientific research indicates that greed and selfishness are determined by human
genes, so the ignorance of family and local community is not the key factor for individual
selfishness and greed. Furthermore, the concept of “local community or nation state”
is losing its importance at a rapid speed, while “global village” and “international
community” are gaining popularity. Therefore, only focusing on local community will
be a futile attempt to pursue further development and welfare.
Evidently, returning to older and traditional values may serve no useful purpose for
building a happier and sustainable society. Also, respect for family and local community
232
is not an effective antidote for eliminating human selfishness and greed. Nevertheless,
we should encourage people to know the importance of being caring and generous and
build a mutually beneficial relationship with others.
范文译文
有人认为，深深植根于人性的自私贪婪为现代社会的发展提供了激励。然而，在这个
快节奏的社会里，许多标准和价值观正在发生重大的变化。显然，我们正陷入这样一个困
境，复兴尊重家庭和当地社区的传统价值观，从而使世界变得更美好，这是否合理？
一方面，如果我们充分重视社会几千年来所推崇的家庭和当地社区价值观，我们或
许可以重拾因为拼命寻求经济成功和发展而丢失的幸福和快乐。首先，传统的价值观包括
我们祖先几百年来形成的一系列道德准则和概念。这意味着，从如此多的历史事件中汲
取的经验可以为现在的我们提供指导和方向。此外，个人欲望永远不会得到完全满足，因
为当一个愿望达成后，总会萌生另一个愿望。家庭和当地社区绝对是我们可以找到安慰
和鼓励的最佳处所，尤其当我们因为快节奏的生活和现代社会的激烈竞争而精疲力竭的
时候。
另一方面，家庭和当地社区很有可能无法提供解决个人贪婪自私的终极答案。首先，
科学研究表明，贪婪和自私是人类基因决定的，对家庭和当地社区的忽视并不是导致个人
自私贪婪的关键因素。此外，“当地社区或民族国家”的概念正在以极快的速度丧失其重
要性，而逐渐被“地球村”和“国际社会”所代替。因此，对于进一步追求发展和福利来
说，只注重当地社区将是一场徒劳。
显然，回归古老和传统的价值观对于建设更加幸福和可持续发展的社会可能没有用处。
而且，尊重家庭和当地社区也不是消除人类自私贪婪的有效药剂。但是，我们应当鼓励人
们了解关怀和慷慨的重要性，鼓励人们与他人建立互利关系。
万能框架
It has been thought that selfishness and greed deeply rooted in human nature have
provided incentives for the development of modern society. However, in this fast-paced
world, are undergoing major changes. Obviously, we are caught in such a
dilemma whether .
On the one hand, if we attach sufficient importance to , we will probably
be able to . To begin with, . In addition, .
On the other hand, there is a high possibility that . Firstly, scientific
research indicates that . Furthermore, . Therefore, .
Evidently, . Also, . Nevertheless, .
233
—— 保护被少数人讲的语言
WRITING TASK 2
Some people say that governments should spend money on measures to save languages
that are used by few speakers, while others believe it’s a waste of financial resources.
考题解释
一些人认为政府应该花钱采取措施保护被很少人讲的语言，然而另一些人则认为这是
财政资源的一种浪费。
讨论这两种观点并给出你的观点。
文章结构
开头段转述题目背景→ 引起下文
第二段一方观点段落中心句→ 支持句
第三段另一方观点段落中心句→ 支持句
考官范文
Of the thousands of languages in use now, some are used by a huge number
of people, like English and Chinese, while some others only have very few
speakers. With the increasing efforts of the international community to save those
languages used by a small number of people, there has arisen a debate as to whether
governments should take measures to save them.
234
Supporters of governments’ efforts to save the languages verging on extinction

hold that any effort made to preserve a language is well worthwhile. As is known
to all, each language is loaded with an enormous cultural heritage, reflecting the
knowledge, thought and faith of its speakers. When we preserve a language which is
dying out, we preserve the cultural diversity; when we lose a language, we lose a cultural
heritage. Rare animals cannot be wiped out just because they are few in number, and
old buildings cannot be pulled down owing to its historical value. In the same vein,
languages with a few speakers cannot be abandoned to their fate.
Opponents to governments’ measures to save the languages from the brink,

however, claim that the efforts are nothing but a waste of money. In their opinion,
preserving such languages from extinction, which needs a considerable sum of money,
let alone substantial human resources, does not bring real benefits. The money spent
on unrewarding activities, if invested in more significant undertakings such as poverty
alleviation, AIDS combating, scientific research, etc., will be greatly beneficial to man.
Admittedly, there are merits to both arguments. As far as I am concerned, I

firmly commit to the notion that it is worthwhile for governments to spend money
in saving languages with a few speakers, or languages facing extinction. A language is a
cultural heritage, which is invaluable and certainly merits preservation at any cost; what
our world needs is diversity, not monotony.
范文译文
正在使用的成千上万种语言中，有些语言被人们大量使用，例如英语和中文，还有一
些语言只被少数人使用。随着国际社会更加努力地保护这些少数人使用的语言，围绕政府
是否应当采取措施保护这些语言出现了争议。
支持政府应当努力保护濒临灭绝的语言的人认为，任何对保护语言所做的努力都是值
得的。众所周知，每种语言都承载着巨大的文化遗产，反映了使用这种语言的人的知识、
思想和信仰。我们保护一种正在消亡的语言，就是在保护文化的多样性；我们失去一种语
言，就是失去一种文化遗产。我们不能消灭珍稀动物，这仅仅是因为它们在数量上很少，
我们不能拆除古老的建筑，是因为它们有历史价值。同样，少数人使用的语言也不能遭受
被丢弃的命运。
然而，那些反对政府采取措施拯救濒临灭绝的语言的人认为，所付出的努力只不
过是浪费金钱。在他们看来，保护濒临灭绝的语言需要一笔很大的费用，更不用说耗费
大量的人力资源了，而这些都不会带来真正的实惠。如果把花在这些没有回报的活动中
的钱用来投资到扶贫、艾滋病防治、科研等更加重要的项目中，将会为人类带来更大的
好处。
无可否认，两种观点都有自己的优点。就我来说，我坚定地认为政府花钱拯救少数人
235
使用的语言或拯救那些濒临灭绝的语言是值得的。语言是一种文化遗产，它是无价的，当
然值得不惜一切代价来进行保护；我们的世界需要多样性，而不是单调性。
万能框架
Of the thousands of languages in use now, some are used by a huge number of
people, like English and Chinese, while some others only have very few speakers. With
, there has arisen a debate as to whether .
Supporters of hold that . As is known to all, .
Opponents to , however, claim that . In their
opinion, .
Admittedly, there are merits to both arguments. As far as I am concerned, I firmly
commit to the notion that .
类似考题
2013 年 11 月 16 日考题
Across the world today, the use of many languages has been declining. Only a few
languages have been increasingly used.
Is this a positive or negative development?
第八节动物
—— 动物实验
WRITING TASK 2
Some people claim that it is acceptable to use animals in medical research for the benefit
of human beings, while other people argue that it is wrong.
考题解释
有些人认为，为了人类的利益，利用动物进行医学实验是可以接受的，然而，另一些
236
人认为这是错误的。
讨论这两种观点并给出你自己的看法。
文章结构
开头段转述题目背景→ 双方观点→ 我的观点→ 引起下文
第二段理由段第一个理由→ （第二个理由+举例）→ 第三个理由
第三段让步段段落中心句→ 举例
考官范文
In our time and age, much debate has taken place about whether animal
experimentation is reasonable. A majority of people maintain that it is very
important for the development of medical science. However, some people argue
that this practice is brutal. It is quite natural that people seldom reach a total
agreement on such a long-running controversy. Personally, I am in favor of the
former point of view and the reasons are given below.
To begin with, in pharmaceutical research, scientists need to know the effects of

a new medicine. However, it is not only illegal but also dangerous to experiment on
human beings first. Therefore, animals’ reactions are the source of necessary data.
Moreover, some experiments would cause ethic and moral arguments in society, so
governments all over the world forbid scientists to do such experiments on people. For
example, cloning is only permitted by using animals instead of human beings. Lastly,
many kinds of medical experiments need a host of biological data, but it is impossible
to acquire those from human beings firstly. In other words, only when we resort to the
use of animals can we acquire these data.
Admittedly, to some extent, animal experimentation would not exist without

any adverse effects. For instance, a recent research conducted by an animal rights
protection organization revealed that many animals in labs are deprived of their living
rights. Obviously, the animals being used in experiments must experience danger and
pain.
To conclude, I would concede that the use of animals for experiments has
rendered pains to animals. Despite that, the development of medicine still needs
using animals in some tests. Overall, I am convinced that animal experimentation
237
contributes to the advancements of science, but we also need to relieve the animals
from the pain caused by experimentation.
范文译文
目前，关于动物实验是否合理发生了很多争论。大多数人认为这对医学的发展至关重
要。然而，也有一些人认为这种做法是残酷的。人们对这样一个长期有争议的问题不能达
成一致，这是很自然的。在我看来，我同意前面的观点，理由如下。
首先，在药品研究方面，科学家需要知道新药物的效果。然而，首先通过人类做这
类实验不仅是非法的，而且也是非常危险的。因此，动物的反应就成了必要的数据来源。
此外，一些实验会在社会上引起伦理和道德争议，因此各国政府禁止在人类身上做这类实
验。例如，克隆的做法只被准许用动物来进行，而不准使用在人类身上。最后，很多医学
实验需要多种生物数据，然而，这些数据都不可能首先通过人类获得。换句话说，我们只
能诉诸使用动物来获取这些数据。
诚然，在一定程度上，动物实验不是不存在负面影响。例如，最近由一个动物权利保
护组织开展的一项研究发现，许多在实验室里的动物被剥夺了生存的权利。显然，这些被
用于实验的动物必然会经历危险和痛苦。
最后，我承认利用动物进行实验给动物带来了痛苦。尽管如此，医学的发展还是需要
在一些实验中使用动物。总的来说，我相信动物实验有助于科学的进步，但我们也需要减
轻实验给动物带来的痛苦。
万能框架
In our time and age, much debate has taken place about whether is
reasonable. A majority of people maintain that it is very important for the development
of . However, some people argue that this practice is brutal. It is quite natural
that people seldom reach a total agreement on such a long-running controversy.
Personally, I am in favor of the view and the reasons are given below.
To begin with, . However, . Therefore, . Moreover,
. For example, . Lastly, , but . In other words,
.
Admittedly, to some extent, would not exist without any adverse effects.
For instance, a recent research conducted by revealed that .
Obviously, .
To conclude, I would concede that . Despite that, . Overall, I
am convinced that , but we also need to .
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原题重现
2010 年 9 月 11 日考题
Some people think that the use of animals for experiments is not right. Others think
it is beneficial for medical testing.
—— 对动物的利用
WRITING TASK 2
It is no longer necessary that animals should be slaughtered and made into either human
foodstuffs or non-foodstuffs, such as fur and medicine.
考题解释
动物没有必要被屠杀做成人类的食品或非食品类的东西如皮毛和药物等。
文章结构
第二段分析段第一个理由→ 第二个理由
第三段分析段承上启下句→ 转折句→ 支持句
考官范文
In recent years animal protection has become a heated topic and some
239
people hold the opinion that we should not use animals for food, clothing or
medicine any more. As far as I am concerned, it is unrealistic not to use animals for
the well-being of mankind at the present day, but meanwhile, the rights of animals
should also be respected and protected.
As we all know, meat is an important part of people’s daily diet in most of the
world, providing a variety of nutrients that are difficult to obtain from vegetables and
fruits. It has been proved that balanced diets containing a certain quantity of meat,
egg, milk, are essential for people to enhance physical fitness and prevent diseases.
Moreover, animals are a major source of food and clothes for people living in some
areas, who would not be able to survive if they abandoned hunting or raising animals.
Using animals as ingredients of medicine or for medical test is also widely

criticised. However, most of such practice is still for the interest of human beings.
People conduct animal-based experiments to explore new therapies and medicines,
which significantly lowers the risks of trial use on people. Also, some animal products
are the key elements in some drugs and no substitute has yet been found to achieve the
same effect.
Despite the fact that we still need to sacrifice animal for the benefit of humans,
there is no denying that measures should be taken to protect endangered animals
and ban any form of cruel treatment to animals. With the continuous scientific
advancement and discovery of alternatives to animals for food and medicine, I believe
people would increasingly reduce the killing of animals.
范文译文
近年来，动物保护已成为一个热门话题，一些人认为，我们不应该再把动物用于食
物、衣服或药物方面了。在我看来，目前，不使用动物对于人类的生活来说是不切实际
的，但与此同时，动物的权利也应该得到尊重和保护。
众所周知，在世界的大部分地区，肉类是人们日常饮食中的一个重要部分，它能提
供多种营养，这些营养是很难从蔬菜和水果中获得的。事实证明，含有一定量的肉、蛋和
奶的均衡饮食对于增强人们的体质和预防疾病来说是必不可少的。此外，在某些地区，动
物是人们生活中食物和衣服的一个主要来源，如果他们放弃打猎或饲养动物，他们将无法
生存。
使用动物作为药品的成分或医疗实验也受到了广泛的批评。然而，大多数这样的实践
仍然是为了人类的利益。人们进行动物实验以寻找新的治疗方法和药物，这大大降低了用
人做试验的风险。此外，一些动物产品是某些药物的关键成分，并且尚未找到具有同样效
果的替代品。
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尽管我们为了人类的利益仍然需要牺牲动物，但不可否认的是，应该采取措施保护
濒危动物，并禁止任何对动物的虐待。随着科技的不断进步并发现动物食品和药品的替代
物，我相信人们会日益减少捕杀动物。
万能框架
In recent years animal protection has become a heated topic and some people hold
the opinion that . As far as I am concerned, .
As we all know, . It has been proved that . Moreover, .
is also widely criticised. However, . Also, .
Despite the fact that , there is no denying that measures should be taken
to . With , I believe people would increasingly .
类似考题
2008 年 2 月 2 日考题
Some people think it is acceptable to use animals for the benefit of humans. Other
people think it is wrong to exploit animals for human purposes.
—— 是否应该关掉所有动物园
WRITING TASK 2
Some people think that zoos are cruel and all zoos should be closed. However, some other
people think zoos are useful to protect the rare animals.
考题解释
一些人认为动物园是残忍的，所有的动物园都应该被关掉。然而，另一些人认为动物
园是很有用的，可以保护稀有动物。
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文章结构
考官范文
Never before have we witnessed so many wild animals disappearing on
the earth. Zoos are established on a large scale so as to offer artificial habitats
to wildlife. Some people argue that the zoos are brutal and all of them should be
shut, while others hold the opinion that zoos are efficient in protecting some rare
creatures. It is quite natural that people seldom reach a total agreement on such a
long-running controversy.
People who advocate that all zoos should be closed give their reasons as
follows. To start with, the environment of zoos is anything but natural. Zoos are places
where people can go to see animals from many parts of the world. The animals live in
cages that are made of concrete with iron bars. Compared with the original wild places,
the cramped space in zoos is more similar to a prison. In addition, although the zoo
keepers take good care of the animals and feed them well, many of the animals do not
thrive; they behave in strange ways, and often become ill. Finally, some people prefer to
see animals in their natural habitat, rather than in zoos.
However, other people insist that modern zoos are very different from zoos that
were built fifty years ago. Firstly, in modern zoos, people can see animals in more natural
habitats. The animals are given more freedom in large areas so that they can live as
comfortably as they would in nature. Even the appearance of zoos has changed. Trees and
grass grow around the cages and streams of water flow through the areas that animals live
in. According to a recent report, due to deforestation and illegal poaching, the number
of some rare animals in the original habitats has declined by 30% in the last century. It is
quite evident that zoos play an essential role in supplying temporary habitats to the rare
animals.
There is probably a little bit of truth in both arguments. For my part, I

completely agree with the latter view that zoos are extremely significant to assist
wildlife’s survival when the environment has deteriorated at such a speed nowadays.
Zoos have been and continue to be necessary to wildlife until the day when humankind
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recovers the natural habitats，where all the animals can live much better than in an
artificial environment.
范文译文
我们从未看到过如此多的野生动物从地球上消失。动物园被大规模地建立，目的就是
为了给野生生物提供一个人工的栖息地。一些人认为动物园很残忍，所有的动物园都应该
被关闭，然而，另一些人认为动物园在保护一些稀有动物方面还是很有成效的。人们对这
样一个长期有争议的问题不能达成一致，这是很自然的。
鼓吹动物园应当关闭的人给出了下面的理由。首先，动物园的环境根本不是天然的。
在动物园里，人们可以看到来自世界很多地方的动物。动物被关在混凝土的铁栅栏里。与
天然的野外地点相比，动物园里狭窄的空间更像是一个监狱。其次，虽然动物园的管理人
员把动物照顾和饲养得很好，但是很多动物并没有繁衍很多。它们行为怪异，经常生病。
最后，有些人宁愿去天然的栖息地去看动物，而不是去动物园。
然而，另一些人坚持说现代的动物园与 50 年前建立的动物园有了很大的不同。首先，
在现代的动物园里，人们可以在更天然的栖息地看到动物。动物在更大的活动范围内有了
更多的自由，这样它们可以像在天然的栖息地一样舒服地生活。甚至动物园的样貌也发生
了改变。笼子里有树木和青草，溪水流过动物居住的地方。根据最近的报告，由于森林砍
伐与非法猎捕，生活在原始栖息地的一些稀有动物在上个世纪减少了 30%。很显然，动物
园在为稀有动物提供临时的栖息地方面发挥着重要的作用。
两种观点都有一定的道理。站在我的立场上，我完全同意后者的观点，那就是在环境
恶化得如此快的今天，动物园在帮助野生动物存活方面是极其重要的。动物园对于野生动
物来说，曾经是并且继续是必不可少的，直到有一天，人类恢复了它们的天然栖息地，在
那里，动物可以比在人工环境下生活得更好。
万能框架
Never before have we witnessed so many wild animals disappearing on the
earth. Zoos are established on a large scale so as to offer artificial habitats to wildlife.
Some people argue that , while others hold the opinion that
. It is quite natural that people seldom reach a total agreement on
such a long-running controversy.
People who advocate that give their reasons as follows. To start with,
. In addition, . Finally, .
However, other people insist that . Firstly, . Even .
According to a recent report, due to . It is quite evident that .
There is probably a little bit of truth in both arguments. For my part, I completely
agree with the latter view that .
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第九节环境
—— 环境保护
WRITING TASK 2
Environmental problems are too big for individual countries and individuals to address.
In other words, we have reached the stage where the only way to protect the environment is at
an international level.
考题解释
环境问题对于单个的国家和个人来说太大，难以解决。换言之，我们已经到了这样一
个阶段，即保护环境的唯一方法就是在国际层面上解决。
你在何种程度上同意或不同意这种观点？
文章结构
第二段让步段段落中心句→ 支持句
段落中心句→ 第一个理由→ （第二个理由+举例）→ 第三个
第三段理由段
理由→ （第四个理由+举例）
考官范文
In modern society, environment-related issues have confronted ecological
scientists, government agencies and the general public. Some people suggest that
244
we are involved in such a plight where environmental problems can only be solved by
international cooperation because it is too big for individual countries and individuals
to address. Personally, I disagree with the view expressed.
No doubt, protecting the environment at an international level is necessary for

overcoming environmental problems. The environment-related issues, such as climate
change and ozone depletion, are not limited to some countries but all the countries. So
every country should be responsible and cooperate to deal with the serious problems.
With mutual assistance and cooperation across the border, we can better solve the global
problems.
However, we should not brush aside the fact that individual countries and
individuals can also play vital roles in adopting a unified strategy for solutions to
environmental problems. First, individual countries can make environmental laws to
restrain people’s behaviour. Besides, governments can support research. For example,
they should encourage companies to develop vehicles that cause less pollution. They
should also support alternative sources of energy from wind and water rather than from
oil and coal. Furthermore, they should sponsor conferences to discuss the effects of
environmental problems and possible solutions to them. As for individuals, we can just
do something in our daily life, such as choosing the baskets rather than the plastic bags,
and putting the waste in the right place for recycling.
To sum up, it is not merely an international duty to cope with the environmental
problems; individual countries and individuals should also spare no effort to protect
our common living environment.
范文译文
在现代社会，生态科学家们、政府机构和公众都面临着与环境相关的问题。一些人认
为我们陷入了环境污染的困境，只能通过国际合作来解决环境问题，因为这个问题对于单
个的国家和个人来说太大了，难以解决。在我看来，我不同意这个观点。
无疑，通过国际合作保护环境对于解决环境问题是必要的。与环境相关的问题，例如
气候变化和臭氧层消耗等，不仅仅局限于某些特定的国家，而是所有的国家。因此，每个
国家都应当负起责任，共同解决这些严重的问题。通过跨国界的相互帮助和协作，我们可
以更好地解决全球性的问题。
然而，我们不应当忽视的是，在采取统一的策略解决环境问题时，单个国家和个人也
可以扮演重要的角色。首先，单个国家可以制定环境法来约束人们的行为。再者，政府可
以支持研究项目。例如，它们应当鼓励企业研制减少污染的车辆。它们也应当支持用风力
245
发电和水力发电来代替石油和煤炭发电。同时，它们应当主持召开会议，讨论环境问题的
影响以及可能的解决方案。对于个人而言，我们可以从日常生活做起，如选择篮子而不用
塑料袋，将垃圾放在相应的地方，以便回收利用。
总之，治理环境问题不仅仅是国际社会的责任，每个国家和个人也应当不遗余力地保
护我们共同生活的环境。
万能框架
In modern society, environment-related issues have confronted ecological scientists,
government agencies and the general public. Some people suggest that .
Personally, I disagree with the view expressed.
No doubt, . So .
However, we should not brush aside the fact that . First, .
Besides, . For example, . Furthermore, . As for ,
we can , such as, .
To sum up, it is not merely ; also .
—— 个人与环境保护
WRITING TASK 2
Many people believe it is important to protect the environment, but they make no effort
to do it themselves. Why is the case? Do you have any suggestion for individuals to protect the
environment?
考题解释
很多人认为保护环境很重要，但是他们自己很少努力去做。你认为这是为什么？关于
个人对环境的保护，你有什么建议？
246
文章结构
第二段分析段段落中心句→ 第一个障碍→ 第二个障碍
第三段分析段让步句→ 分析句
考官范文
Globally, environmental deterioration has been recognised as one of the
main challenges that people have to meet in the 21st century. Despite the
widespread media coverage, few people actually take any practical measures to protect
the environment. This essay aims to explore the underlying factors contributing to
this phenomenon and present some responsible solutions.
No doubt，there are obstacles that stand in the way of individual action

towards environmental conservation. The first obstacle is the lack of professional
knowledge needed to cope with serious environmental issues like soil erosion and
salinity, which requires a significant amount of investigation and research. Another
obstacle which makes individual action almost impossible is when an environmental
emergency or accident happens, e.g. an oil spill near the border line, which would
necessitate government intervention or even international coordination.
It is true that our individual actions often seem insignificant compared to the scale
and complexity of global environmental problems such as pollution, deforestation and
depletion of natural resources. But that does not relieve us of the duty as individuals
to do as much as we can to deal with these problems. While seemingly powerless,
individuals can actually do a lot to make a difference. We can drive hybrid cars,
save electricity and water, buy local organic food and support environmentally friendly
brands. These are sustainable practices that can create a ripple effect.
In conclusion, if not solved properly, the rapid environmental deterioration

may pose a huge threat to our survival in the years ahead. So, when it comes to
environmental problems, individual actions are indispensable in the problem-solving
process. But the most pressing and complicated problems go far beyond an individual’s
capability and so require the concerted effort of the government as well as the global community.
247
范文译文
从全球范围来看，环境恶化已经成了 21 世纪人们必须应对的最严重的挑战之一。尽
管媒体不断宣传，但是人们似乎仍然很少采取切实行动来保护环境。本文旨在探讨这种现
象的原因，并且给出解决的办法。
毫无疑问，在个人采取保护环境的行动过程中存在着诸多障碍。第一个障碍是缺乏解
决诸如土壤侵蚀和盐碱化等严重的环境问题的专业知识，这都需要做大量的调查和研究。
另一个障碍是当发生紧急的环境事故或意外的时候，个人的行动几乎是不可能的，例如边
境线附近的石油泄漏，这必须要有政府的干预，甚至是国际协调。
诚然，污染、森林滥伐和自然资源枯竭等全球环境问题，就其规模和复杂性来说，个
人行为往往显得微不足道。但是，这并不能免除我们作为个人的责任，我们应当尽一切努
力来处理这些问题。虽然看似无力，其实个人可以做很多事情来发挥作用。我们可以开混
合动力汽车，节约电和水，购买当地的有机食品，支持环保品牌等。这些都是可以产生连
带效果的可持续做法。
总之，如果环境的快速恶化得不到妥善解决，将会对我们的未来生存构成巨大威胁。
所以，当谈到环境问题时，个人行动在解决问题的过程中是必不可少的。但是，那些最迫
切和最复杂的问题远远超出了个人的能力，因此需要政府以及国际社会的共同努力。
万能框架
Globally, environmental deterioration has been recognised as one of the main
challenges that people have to meet in the 21st century. Despite . This essay
aims to explore the underlying factors contributing to this phenomenon and present
some responsible solutions.
No doubt，there are obstacles that stand in the way of . The first obstacle
is . Another obstacle which is .
It is true that . But that does not . While seemingly powerless,
individuals can actually do a lot to make a difference. We can .
In conclusion, if not solved properly, may pose a huge threat to
. So, when it comes to , are indispensable in the
problem-solving process. But .
类似考题
2009 年 2 月 21 日考题
Some think that environmental problems are too big for individuals to solve, while
others think that individuals can solve these environmental problems if they take some
action.
248
第十节政府
——政府资助研究
WRITING TASK 2
Money for postgraduate research is limited. Some people, therefore, think that financial
support from the government should be only provided for scientific research rather than the
less useful subjects.
考题解释
硕士研究经费有限。有些人因此认为政府的资助应该只用来支持科学研究 , 而不是那
些用处很小的科目。
你在何种程度上同意或不同意这个观点？
文章结构
开头段转述题目背景→ 转述题目→ 我的观点→ 引起下文
第二段理由段段落中心句→ 支持句→ 举例
考官范文
It is no longer a secret that universities are now providing limited fund for
postgraduate research. Therefore, some people suggest that capital should be allocated
249
collectively to scientific research rather than the less useful subjects. But as far as I am
concerned, I can only disagree with the statement and the reasons are given below.
On the one hand, it is impractical to label any subject as “less useful”. Research
on subjects such as psychology, sociology and law does not fall in the category of
“scientific research”, but never can any serious scholar deny the importance of these
subjects. For example, the advance in psychology, which analyses human behaviours,
contributes significantly to people’s emotional well-being and mental health.
On the other hand, it is also worth noting that many scientific research projects
are attractive to some corporate sponsors. The fundamental reason why private sectors
are interested in scientific research is that the findings of research can be translated into
profitable products immediately. By contrast, many non-scientific projects which do not
have considerable commercial value do not appeal to corporations. For this reason,
government fund should be allocated to projects that struggle with capital rather than to
those which do not have such problems.
A review of the two reasons stated above leads to the conclusion that science
is not a well-justified criterion to decide the allocation of government capital. Any
attempt to practice an unbalanced distribution of funding is irrational and can barely
be supported. Meanwhile, universities should also consider the non-commercial value
of each project, rather than being confined to the pursuit of wealth.
范文译文
现在大学提供的硕士研究经费有限，这不再是一个秘密。因此，有人建议，资金应当
集中分配给科学研究项目，而不是那些用处不大的科目。但是，我不同意上述观点，理由
如下。
一方面，给任何科目打上“用处不大”的标签是不切实际的。心理学、社会学和法律
的研究并不属于“科学研究”的范畴，但任何严肃的学者从来没有否认过这些科目的重要
性。例如，像心理学这种分析人类行为的科目的发展大大有助于人类的情感和心理健康。
另一方面，值得一提的是，许多科研项目会吸引一些企业的赞助。私营部门对科学研
究感兴趣的根本原因是研究成果可以立即转化成盈利的产品。与此相反，许多非科学项目
不具备可观的商业价值，对公司也没有吸引力。出于这个原因，政府的资助应当分配给那
些资金困难的项目，而不是那些不存在此类问题的项目。
审视上述两个理由可以得出这样一个结论，科学不是决定政府资金分配的合理标准。
任何企图对资金进行不平衡分配的做法都是不合理的，几乎无法得到支持。同时，大学也
应当考虑到每个项目的非商业价值，而不仅仅限于对财富的追求。
250
万能框架
It is no longer a secret that universities are now providing limited fund for
postgraduate research. Therefore, some people suggest that . But as far as I
am concerned, I can only disagree with the statement and the reasons are given below.
On the one hand, it is impractical to . For example, .
On the other hand, it is also worth noting that . By contrast, .
For this reason, .
A review of the reasons two facts stated above leads to the conclusion that
. Any attempt to is irrational and can barely be supported.
Meanwhile, .
原题重现
2009 年 7 月 4 日考题
Money for postgraduate research is limited. Some people, therefore, think that
financial support from the government should be only provided for scientific research
rather than the less useful subjects.
—— 国家在体育方面的资金分配
WRITING TASK 2
Many countries are spending a huge amount of money supporting their competitors to
take part in some worldwide sports competitions. Some people argue that it would be better if
these countries could spend the money on children’s participation in sports.
考题解释
许多国家投入巨额资金支持其参赛者参与一些国际体育比赛。一些人则认为这些国家
更应该把钱花在儿童参加体育运动方面。
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文章结构
第三段让步段段落中心句→ 第一个理由→ 第二个理由
结尾段自己的观点总结全文→ 自己的观点→ 建议要采取的措施
考官范文
When the budget for preparing sporting elites for some world-class events is
increasing annually, an observation has been made that a considerable number
of ordinary children in poor regions even cannot find a free basketball court in their
neighbourhood. We all know that every year, the expenditure on athlete training
facilities, coaching and research projects amounts to in millions of or even billions of
dollars. The debate as to the justification of this spending has been going on for
many years.
Some people believe that it is not worthwhile to finance the sports competitions
merely for the purpose of achieving success in the arena, if we take into consideration
the poor situation of mass sports. Lack of physical exercise has become a huge problem
among citizens, particularly those young people. One of the main reasons is that the
construction and maintenance of sports facilities is underfunded, both in schools and
in kindergartens. Compared with the Olympics Games which are attended by a few
top athletes, children’s sports activities are more beneficial for the physical fitness of a
nation, so they deserve more financial support from the government, as well as those
enterprise sponsors of sports events.
However, we should not deny that those major sports events play an essential
role in our life. On the one hand, participation in international sports events such
as the Olympic Games or the World Football Cup promotes communication and
understanding between different cultures and races. On the other hand, watching
matches provides the audience with great pleasure and excitement, as well as releases
their patriotic emotions. Gold medals and championship would arouse a sense of pride
and stimulate people’s interest in sports activities. Some sports stars enjoy strong appeal
among young people, which would motivate them to do more physical exercises.
Based on the above discussion and analysis, we can see that when we raise
fund for sports games and celebrate the victory of our athletes, we should not neglect
252
the fact that many children are in great need of sports facilities. So some measures
should be taken to strike a balance between the two sides. For instance, stadiums
can be redesigned into children’s sports centres so that they can better serve the next
generation.
范文译文
在为体育精英们备战一些世界级运动项目的预算逐年增加的时候，一项报告表明在贫
困地区，有相当数量的普通儿童在其社区甚至找不到一个免费的篮球场。我们知道，每年
在运动员的训练设施、培训和研究项目方面的支出高达数百万甚至数十亿美元。关于这种
支出是否合理的辩论已经持续很多年了。
有的人认为，考虑到群众体育的落后状况，仅仅为了在竞技场上取得成功而资助体育
比赛是不值得的。缺乏体育锻炼已成为广大群众的一个大问题，特别是对于那些年轻人来
说更是如此。其中一个主要的原因就是建设和维护体育设施的资金不足，在学校和幼儿园
都是这样。与一些顶级运动员参加的奥运会相比，孩子们的体育活动更有利于国民身体素
质的提高，所以他们应该得到更多的来自政府和体育赛事赞助者的经济支持。
然而，我们也不应该否认那些重大的体育赛事在我们的生活中起着至关重要的作用。
一方面，参与国际体育赛事如奥运会和足球世界杯促进了不同文化和种族之间的沟通和理
解。另一方面，观看比赛使得观众非常高兴和激动，同时还可以释放他们的爱国情绪。金
牌和冠军会唤起自豪感，激发人们对体育活动的兴趣。一些体育明星在年轻人中有着很强
的号召力，这将激励他们做更多的体育锻炼。
基于上述讨论和分析，我们可以看到当我们为体育比赛筹集资金并庆祝运动员胜利的
时候，我们不应忽视的事实就是：许多孩子都非常需要体育设施。所以，应该采取措施保
持二者之间的平衡。例如，场馆可以被重新设计成孩子们的体育中心，从而能更好地服务
于下一代。
万能框架
When is increasing annually, an observation has been made that
. We all know that . The debate as to the justification of this
spending has been going on for many years.
Some people believe that it is not worthwhile to , if we take into
consideration . . One of the main reasons is that .
.
However, we should not deny that those major sports events play an essential role
in our life. On the one hand, . On the other hand, . .
Based on the above discussion and analysis, we can see that . So some
measures should be taken to strike a balance between the two sides. For instance,
.
253
—— 政府还是私企执行和控制科研项目
WRITING TASK 2
Scientific research should be carried out and controlled by governments rather than
private companies.
考题解释
科学研究应该由政府而不是由私企负责开展并控制。
你在多大程度上同意或不同意？
文章结构
第二段分析段段落中心句→ 第一个理由→ 第二个理由→ 第三个理由
第三段让步段段落中心句→支持句
结尾段总结全文总结全文→提出建议
考官范文
It is universally acknowledged that scientific research plays a vital role in a
nation’s long-term development and planning. So, when it comes to which side,
whether the state or some private enterprises, should implement and dominate scientific
research projects, opinions tend to be that governments should totally be responsible
for them. But as far as I am concerned, I disagree with this statement, and I will
explain why this is the case.
254
It must be admitted that business tycoons’ funding and carrying out scientific
research has its own strengths. To begin with，delegating the management of these
scientific research projects to private companies enable governments to concentrate
more energy and capital on settling some urgent issues, such as popularising
compulsory education, reducing unemployment rate and strengthening the construction
of infrastructure. Besides, the private firms carrying out scientific research can promote
the rapid transformation of science and technology to productivity. That is to say, when
a scientific research is proven to be practical, the companies will patent their invention
and then put it into practice, which will promote the rapid development of technology
and improve people’s living standards. In addition, investment in scientific research
can raise the prestige of the businesses, which would make them gain more competitive
advantages.
Certainly, there is no denying that private businesses controlling scientific

research is never without the downsides. For one thing, unlike the projects
implemented by the state, the privately funded research programmes may lack
unified planning and arrangement. For another, some private company sponsors are
mainly motivated by profit, who are much less likely than the government to pay for
unprofitable research projects. The profit incentive causes some scientists to have to
concentrate their energy only on projects which are more likely to generate profits.
Taking into account all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that the
research funded by private companies and the research supported by governments both
have their own merits and demerits. We should not depend too much on one while
neglecting the other. So what we need to do is to make full use of their advantages
and staying away from the disadvantages.
范文译文
科研在一个国家的长远发展和规划中扮演着重要角色，这是举世公认的。因此，当谈
到该由国家还是由一些私企来实施并控制这些科研项目的时候，人们往往认为政府应该完
全对此负责。但是在我看来，我不同意上述观点，我愿意解释为什么。
必须承认，由商业大亨资助并实施的科学研究有其自身的优势。首先，将科研项目的
管理权限下放给私营企业可以使政府集中更多的精力和资金解决一些迫切的问题，如普及
义务教育、降低失业率以及加强基础设施建设等。此外，私营企业开展科学研究可以促进
科学技术迅速转化为生产力。也就是说，当科学研究被证明可以在实践中应用的时候，企
业就会申请发明专利，然后付诸实施，这将促进科技的迅速发展，提高人民的生活水平。
而且，投资科学研究可以提升企业的知名度，这会使企业获得更多的竞争优势。
当然，不可否认的是，由私营企业控制科学研究并非没有缺点。一方面，不同于国家
255
负责实施的项目，私人资助的研究项目可能缺乏统一的规划和安排。另一方面，一些私营
公司赞助商主要受利益的驱动，他们不大可能像政府那样为无利可图的研究项目付费。利
润驱动导致一些科学家不得不把精力集中在那些更有可能产生利润的项目上。
考虑到所有这些因素，我们可以得出这样的结论：私营企业出资的研究和政府出资的
研究各有优缺点。我们不应该过度依赖任何一方而忽略另一方。因此，我们需要做的是充
分利用各自的优势，避免其劣势。
万能框架
It is universally acknowledged that scientific research plays a vital role in a nation’s
long-term development and planning. So, when it comes to , opinions tend
to be that . But as far as I am concerned, I disagree with this statement, and I
will explain why this is the case.
It must be admitted that has its own strengths. To begin with, .
Besides, . That is to say, . In addition, .
Certainly, there is no denying that is never without the downsides. For
one thing, . For another, .
Taking into account all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that
both have their own merits and demerits. We should not . So what we need
to do is to make full use of their advantages and staying away from the disadvantages.
原题重现
2005 年 12 月 10 日考题
Many people believe that scientific research should be carried out and controlled by
the government rather than private companies.
—— 政府资金分配
WRITING TASK 2
Some people argue that the government should provide funds for arts, while some other
people suggest that the money should be used for public health and education.
256
考题解释
有些人认为政府应该支持艺术方面的基金，而另一些人建议钱应该用在公共健康和教
育方面。
文章结构
第四段让步段让步句→ 支持句→ 转折句
结尾段总结全文总结全文→ 再次强调自己的观点→ 提出建议
考官范文
Recently there has arisen a heated debate over how to allocate public money.
Some people hold the opinion that the state should allocate more capital to promote
the development of arts. But there are also quite a few people who argue that public
investment should be concentrated on infrastructure projects, such as hospitals and
schools, instead of arts. Speaking for myself, I couldn’t agree more with the latter
opinion. The reasons are presented below.
First of all, it is an indisputable fact that public health and education serve as
the most important factors for a country’s development. Many countries, developing
countries in particular, give priority to them. Evidently, developing countries are
underdeveloped in a wide range of areas like public medical care and education, so they
are required to take those issues into consideration first. If the government can channel
more money into public services and facilities, it will definitely improve most citizens’
living standard.
In addition to this, government spending is probably the most important source

of funding for public health and education. Actually, public services and facilities are
constructed for general interest. In other words, investment in such projects is not a
profitable business. Therefore, most private enterprises are reluctant to get involved
257
in this field. As the collector of tax-payers’ money and the protector of tax-payers, the
government should take this responsibility for its people’s welfare and direct sufficient
capital to the improvement of public facilities of health and education.
Admittedly, arts are critical for a country because they are often regarded as a
symbol of civilisation. It is generally accepted that arts serve as an indispensable
part of a country’s history and culture. For this reason, spending money on arts
can be considered as an effective way to preserve a country’s traditional culture and
national identity. However, arts like music and painting can do a better job in attracting
investment from private sectors than public services because the art industry can provide
more opportunity for businessmen to make money. Specifically, arts need no public
money to survive.
According to the reasons outlined above, it is easy to understand that it is

justified for health and education projects to be given the foremost consideration. It is
highly recommended that the government should enact more preferable policies to
encourage the participation of private companies in the development of art industry so
as to save more public investment for the construction of public facilities.
范文译文
近来出现了关于如何分配公共资金的激烈辩论。一些人认为，国家应该分配更多的资
金来促进艺术的发展。但也有不少人认为，公共投资应该集中在基础设施项目上，例如医
院和学校，而不是艺术方面。就我而言，我非常同意后者的意见。理由如下。
首先，公共健康和教育是国家发展最重要的因素，这是一个不争的事实。特别是发展
中国家，都把它们作为优先考虑的事情。显然，发展中国家在公共医疗和教育等很多领域
都较为落后，因此他们必须首先考虑这些问题。如果政府能够把资金更多地用到公共服务
和设施方面，必将会提高大多数人民的生活水平。
此外，政府拨款可能是公共健康和教育的最主要的资金来源。实际上，公共服务和设
施是为公众利益而建的。换句话说，投资这些项目不是赚钱的生意。因此，大多数民营企
业都不愿意关注这个领域。作为纳税人税费的征收者和纳税人的保护者，政府应当对人民
的福利承担责任，将足够的资金直接用于加强公共健康和教育的设施方面。
诚然，艺术对一个国家来说非常重要，因为艺术往往是文明的一种象征。人们普遍认
为艺术是一个国家历史和文化不可或缺的组成部分。出于这个原因，在艺术上花钱可以被
视为维护国家传统文化和民族特性的有效方式。然而，像音乐和绘画等艺术比公共服务更
能吸引私营部门的投资，因为艺术产业能为商家提供更多赚钱的机会。具体来说，艺术并
非要依赖公共资金才能生存。
根据上面所述的理由，最大限度地考虑健康和教育项目是正确的，这一点很容易理
258
解。强烈建议政府制定更加优惠的政策，鼓励民营企业参与艺术产业的发展，以节省更多
的公共投资，用于公共设施的建设。
万能框架
Recently there has arisen a heated debate over how to allocate public money.
Some people hold the opinion that . But there are also quite a few people
who argue that . Speaking for myself, I couldn’t agree more with the latter
opinion. The reasons are presented below.
First of all, . Evidently, . .
In addition to this, . Actually, . In other words, .
Therefore, . .
Admittedly, . It is generally accepted that . For this reason,
. However, . Specifically, .
According to the reasons outlined above, it is easy to understand that it is justified
for . It is highly recommended that .
类似考题
2011 年 6 月 11 日考题
Some people think the government should focus spending only on public services
rather than wasting money on arts (music, painting, etc.).
2012 年 7 月 28 日考题
Some people believe that arts, such as painting and singing, do not directly improve
the quality of people’s lives; therefore government’s money should be spent on other
things.
—— 是否应该进口食品
WRITING TASK 2
A country should try to produce all the food for its people and import as little food as
possible.
259
考题解释
一个国家应当努力为本国人民生产所有的食品，而尽可能少地进口食品。
文章结构
第三段理由段段落中心句→ 举例→ 分析

第四段理由段段落中心句→ 支持句
考官范文
Countries on our planet vary in terms of their resource distribution, climatic
conditions and topography, which, to a great extent, affects their population
as well as food production. However, there is much discussion nowadays as to
whether a country should take measures to prepare all the food for its citizens and
import as little food as possible. I totally disagree with this statement, and I will
explain why this is the case.
First, we can observe easily that the imbalance between the capability of
producing food and food consumption has been prevailing. In modern days, some
countries in the world provide their citizens with sufficient food, still with surplus for
exportation, and the rest are desperate for international coordination of food resource.
History never fails to reveal that even in the past, food was served as a tribute or as
a commodity traded among nations.
What is also worth noticing is that difficulty of sufficient agricultural output

has long remained with the countries which are deprived of the advantageous farming
conditions. For example, countries like Ethiopia abound with non-arable land—desert
or mountains—within their boundaries, which indicates that grains and crops can
hardly take roots in such regions. Therefore, to develop the self-sufficient agriculture
poses a great challenge to these countries. Despite their effort to promote food output
260
by introducing advanced equipment and technology, in practice, hindrance such as

financial investment and knowledge level plays an adverse role in balancing their food
demand and food supply.
Last but not least, even though certain countries are capable of self-sufficiency in
food, they still need to increase the variety of food, which attributes to the necessity of
food import. The increasing variety of food is closely linked to whether the supermarkets
can boost their profit with more food choices, whether the catering business can thrive
owing to the restaurants providing exotic cuisines.
From my viewpoint, I do not think it is realistic and practical for every nation
to supply all the food that its population needs, and under favourable conditions, the
importation of food ought to be encouraged. That is to say, countries, if possible,
should embrace the influx of foreign food.
范文译文
地球上不同国家的资源分布、气候条件和地形各不相同，这在很大程度上影响了各自的
人口以及粮食生产。不过，目前有许多讨论，就是关于一个国家是否应当采取措施为其公民
准备所有的食品而尽可能少地进口食品。我完全不同意这种观点，我愿意解释为什么是这样。
首先，我们很容易发现食品的生产能力和对食品的消费之间的不平衡相当普遍。在现
代社会，世界上有些国家可以为本国公民提供足够的粮食，此外还有盈余供出口，但是其
他的国家却期待粮食资源方面的国际合作。历史也表明，即使在过去，粮食一直被作为贡
品或国家间交易的商品。
还有一点值得注意的是，那些不具备优越农业生产条件的国家在生产足够的农产品方
面长期存在困难。例如，像埃塞俄比亚这样的国家，境内布满不可种植的耕地——沙漠或
山区，这表明谷物和农作物难以在这些地区扎根。因此，发展自给自足的农业对这些国家
来说是一个巨大的挑战。尽管它们通过引进先进的设备和技术来努力提高粮食的产量，但
在实践中，金融投资和知识水平等方面的障碍都在平衡粮食的供求关系中起着负面的作用。
最后但同样重要的是，尽管某些国家具备粮食自给自足的能力，它们仍然需要增加食
品的品种，这就需要进口食品。食品品种的日益增加与超市是否可以从更多的食物选择中
获利、餐饮业是否会因为推出异域风味的菜肴而生意兴隆紧密相连。
从我的角度来看，我认为每个国家都为本国人民提供所有食品的做法并非切实可行，
在条件允许的情况下，应当鼓励食品进口。也就是说，如果有可能，各国应当充分利用丰
富的外国食品。
万能框架
Countries on our planet vary in terms of their resource distribution, climatic
conditions and topography, which, to a great extent, affects their population as well
261
as food production. However, there is much discussion nowadays as to whether

. I totally disagree with this statement, and I will explain why this is the case.
First, we can observe easily that . In modern days, . History
never fails to reveal that even in the past, .
What is also worth noticing is that . For example, , which
indicates that .
Last but not least, . .
From my viewpoint, I do not think . That is to say, .
—— 政府资助艺术家
WRITING TASK 2
Some people think that creative artists should be supported financially by the government
of their country, while others believe that they should find financial support from other sources
instead.
考题解释
一些人认为创造性的艺术家应该得到他们国家的政府的财政支持，而其他人则认为他
们应该从其他来源获得资助。
文章结构
开头段转述题目背景→ 双方观点→ 自己的观点
262
考官范文
Nowadays there is a growing tendency that some creative arts are
disappearing from modern society. Hence, some people claim that official
assistance should be offered to back up creative artists, while others believe that they
should get financial support from other sources, such as industrial magnates and some
big charities. I strongly believe that the government should support them in different
ways.
From the government’s perspective, allocating its budget in a holistic and fair way
is an inescapable duty. It’s an undeniable fact that in many countries, many creative
artists are generally disadvantaged in terms of monetary wealth. In other words, they have
to struggle for daily sustenance, which sadly enough, results in the disappearance of many
kinds of artistic traditions. Not only does it mean a loss to a nation but a loss to the world
as a whole. No one, I am sure, would like to see this happen.
Moreover, when it comes to creative artists, nobody can deny that they have
contributed to our spiritual life tremendously. They have enriched our life with their
creativity regardless of how much they have sacrificed. Thus, the government should
play a vital part in supporting musicians, artists, and drama companies to stimulate their
enthusiasm for art creation and inheritance. Then with different forms of art thriving
our nation will enjoy a higher level of civilisation.
In conclusion, artists undoubtedly play an increasingly significant role in modern

life. No matter what we enjoy nowadays in the brilliant world, we cannot wipe off the
effort that creative artists have made for us. The government, as an official organisation,
does have an obligation to offer financial aids to them and bear the responsibility to
ensure people’s diversified living environment.
范文译文
现在有一种日益发展的趋势，那就是一些创造性的艺术正在远离现代社会。因此，一
些人声称官方应当提供援助来支持这些创造性的艺术家，而另一些人则认为，他们应当从
其他来源获得资助，比如工业巨头和一些大的慈善机构。我坚决认为政府应当通过不同方
式为这些艺术家们提供支持。
从政府的角度看，从全局出发，公平地分配预算是一项不可推卸的责任。不可否认的
事实是，在许多国家，许多创造性的艺术家在财富方面普遍处于不利的地位。换句话说，
他们不得不为日常生计奔波，令人非常遗憾的是，这导致了很多艺术传统的消失。这不仅
意味着一个国家的损失，这对整个世界来说也是一种损失。我敢肯定，没人希望看到这种
事情发生。
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此外，当谈到创造性的艺术家时，没人能否认他们对我们精神生活的巨大贡献。他们
用自己的创造力丰富了我们的生活，而不计较做出了多少牺牲。因此，政府应该扮演重要
角色，支持音乐家、艺术家和剧团，以激发他们的艺术创作和继承的热情。那么，不同形
式的艺术繁荣将会使我们的国家变得更文明。
总之，毫无疑问，艺术家在现代生活中发挥日益重要的作用。不管我们在当今的辉煌
世界欣赏什么，都不能磨灭创造性艺术家们为我们所做出的努力。作为一个官方组织，政
府的确有义务为这些艺术家们提供援助，有责任确保人民群众生活环境的多样化。
万能框架
Nowadays there is a growing tendency that some creative arts are disappearing from
modern society. Hence, some people claim that , while others believe that
. I strongly believe that .
From the government’s perspective, is an inescapable duty. It’s an
undeniable fact that . Not only does it mean but . No
one, I am sure, would like to see this happen.
Moreover, when it comes to , nobody can deny that . Thus,
. Then .
In conclusion, . No matter , we cannot .
类似考题
2007 年 3 月 22 日考题
Some people think that the government should provide assistance to all kinds of
artists including painters, musicians and poets, etc. However, other people think that it
is a waste of money.
第十一节旅游
——太空旅行发展的利弊
WRITING TASK 2
Space travel has been possible for some time and some people think space tourism could
be developed in the future.
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考题解释
在一段时间内太空旅行已经成为一种可能，因此有些人认为太空旅行在将来能够被
发展。
你认为这是一种积极的还是消极的发展？
文章结构
第二段理由段段落中心句→ 第一个理由→ 第二个理由→ 第三个理由
第三段让步段让步句→ 支持句→ 转折句
考官范文
Over the past half century, several countries have successfully sent many
astronauts to outer space stations. With the rapid development of space technology,
some people believe that travelling beyond the earth for sightseeing and recreation
would be possible one day. In my opinion, this development is more likely to
produce positive outcomes for individuals and the world.
There are numerous reasons why I hold this opinion, and I would explore a few
of the most important ones here. To begin with, exploring the outer space in person
would be more exciting, so individuals’ curiosity would be satisfied greatly. Moreover,
space tourism will be a great boost to both economy and space industry. As present
space-related programmes are primarily funded by government, who is faced with great
financial pressure. If space tourism could be commercialised, it is expected to become
an important channel of fundraising for space research. Last but not least, this practice
would probably contribute to the promotion of human solidarity, because during the
trip a sense of citizenship for Earth may be achieved. In this sense, space tourism
actually promotes peace and understanding among nations.
Admittedly, we should never ignore the problems brought about by space
tourism. Although the development of space tourism seems profitable, taking a trip
to outer space would mean high consumption of fuel and then result in heavy air
pollution. In addition, safety and health issues have to be considered. People confined
265
in a small cabin tend to suffer from psychological changes such as depression, anxiety
and insomnia. However, these problems could be tackled strategically with alternative
energies, and safety and security would be ensured by developing a reliable orbital
infrastructure system.
Personally, I believe space tourism is a realistic goal of human beings. Even
though it might be a privilege of wealthy people and beyond the means of ordinary
people, its significance would be far-reaching and stimulating.
范文译文
在过去的半个世纪中，好几个国家已经成功地把许多宇航员送到外太空。随着航天技
术的迅速发展，一些人相信，到地球外的太空去旅游观光和休闲在某天可能会成为现实。
在我看来，这种发展更有可能对个人和世界产生积极的影响。
我持有这个观点的原因有很多，这里我将给出几个最重要的。首先，亲自探索外太空
更令人兴奋，所以个人的好奇心会得到更大的满足。此外，太空旅游将促进经济和航天工
业的发展。目前，太空计划主要是由政府出资的，政府面临着很大的财政压力。如果太空
旅游可以商业化，它有望成为一个为太空研究筹款的重要渠道。最后但同样是重要的，这
种做法会有助于促进人类的团结，因为在旅行期间，一种对地球的身份感可能会形成。从
这个意义上讲，太空旅游实际上促进了国与国之间的和平与理解。
诚然，我们不应该忽视太空旅游所带来的问题。虽然太空旅游业的发展似乎有利可
图，但太空旅行意味着消耗大量的燃料，进而导致空气的重度污染。再者，安全和健康问
题也必须要考虑。被束缚在一个很小的船舱中的人往往会遭受心理的变化，如抑郁、焦虑
和失眠。然而，通过选择其他的替代能源，这些问题能够被战略性地解决，并且通过开发
一个可靠的轨道基础设施系统，安全防护也会有所保障。
就我个人而言，我相信太空旅游是人类的一个可实现的目标。尽管它可能是富人的特
权，超越了普通人的承受能力，但其意义深远，令人振奋。
万能框架
Over the past half century, several countries have successfully . With the
rapid development of , some people believe that would be possible
one day. In my opinion, this development is more likely to produce positive outcomes
for individuals and the world.
There are numerous reasons why I hold this opinion, and I would explore a few
of the most important ones here. To begin with , so . Moreover,
. Last but not least, In this sense, .
Admittedly, we should never ignore the problems brought about by .
Although , . In addition, issues have to be considered.
266
. However, these problems could be tackled strategically with , and

would be ensured by .
Personally, I believe is a realistic goal of human beings. Even though it
might be a privilege of , its significance would be far-reaching and stimulating.
2012年10月20日考题
—— 出国旅行变得更方便的利弊
WRITING TASK 2
Nowadays it is more convenient and easier for people to travel to other countries.
Do you think the advantages of this development outweigh its disadvantages?
考题解释
如今，人们到其他国家旅行更方便、更容易了。
你认为这一发展的优点超过缺点吗？
文章结构
开头段转述题目转述题目→ 分析原因→ 引起下文
第二段缺点段段落中心句→ 第一个缺点→ 第二个缺点
第三段优点段段落中心句→ 第一个优点→ 第二个优点→ 第三个优点
考官范文
Never before has travelling to foreign countries been so convenient and popular
as in this century. This phenomenon is partially attributed to improved technology and
cheap flight tickets. Facing this travel frenzy, some are concerned that it will bring about
too many side effects whilst others insist it should be supported and encouraged.
267
Admittedly, cross-border travel has more downsides than one. Firstly, the carbon
dioxide planes emit is reported to be disproportionately more than that emitted by other
transportation means, which will lead to the thinning of ozone layer and thus increasing
the probability of people contracting skin cancer. Secondly, being easier and more
convenient to travel in foreign countries means the influx of millions of sightseers, which
might trigger serious destruction of the natural environment of those hot scenic spots.
However, the downsides cannot overshadow its upsides. To start with, easier
and cheaper air travel has made a significant difference to human life. Travelling around
the world could expand people’s horizons and stimulate their love of life and they will
also be more productive at work. Moreover, managers of companies could visit foreign
markets more conveniently than before and as a result, they could locate potential
target market and sell goods there or buy materials from there if the price is competitive
enough. If a company could flourish this way, employees will benefit and society will
be more stable and harmonious. Last but not least, if more and more people are
afforded opportunities to go to other countries, there will be less misunderstanding and
more respect among countries. All these will contribute to a diverse but harmonious
culture.
To sum up, despite the many drawbacks mentioned above, travelling to other
countries with more convenience and easiness is, by and large, a positive development.
范文译文
以前从来没有像本世纪这样，到国外旅行是如此的方便和常见。这种现象部分归因于
技术的进步和廉价的机票。面对这一旅游热潮，一些人担心它会带来很多负面的影响，而
其他人则坚持认为它应该得到支持和鼓励。
诚然，跨境旅游的负面影响不止一个。首先，报告显示，飞机排放的二氧化碳远远高
于其他交通工具的排放量，这会导致臭氧层变薄，从而增加人们患皮肤癌的概率。其次，
国家之间的旅行变得更加容易和方便意味着大量游客的涌入，这可能会对热门旅游景区的
自然环境造成严重的破坏。
然而，这些不好的方面并不能掩盖其优点。首先，更容易和便宜的飞机旅行已经给
人们的生活带来了显著的不同。去世界各地旅行可以扩大人们的视野，激发他们对生活的
热爱，他们也将在工作中更有效率。再者，和从前相比，公司管理者可以更方便视察外国
的市场，其结果就是，他们可以找出潜在的目标市场，并把商品销往那里，或者如果价格
足够有竞争力，也可以从那里购买材料。如果一个公司能够通过这种方式发展壮大，员工
将会受益，社会也将更加稳定与和谐。最后但同样重要的是，如果越来越多的人有机会
去其他国家，国家之间的误解会更少，尊重会更多。所有这些将有助于形成多样而和谐的
文化。
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总而言之，尽管有许多上面提到的缺点，但是，去其他国家旅行更方便、更容易总的
来说是一个积极的发展。
万能框架
Never before has travelling to foreign countries been so convenient and popular as
in this century. This phenomenon is partially attributed to . Facing ,
some are concerned that it will bring about too many side effects whilst others insist it
should be supported and encouraged.
Admittedly, has more downsides than one. Firstly, . .
Secondly, .
However, the downsides cannot overshadow its upsides. To start with, .
Moreover, . . Last but not least, . All these will contribute
to .
To sum up, despite the many drawbacks mentioned above, is, by and
large, a positive development.
类似考题
2008 年 11 月 20 日考题
International travel is becoming cheaper, and more and more countries open their
doors to more and more tourists.
Do the advantages of the increased tourism outweigh its disadvantages?
——游客学习外国的文化和习俗
WRITING TASK 2
When visiting other countries, some people take full advantage of opportunities to learn
about the cultures and traditions of those countries.
How can visitors learn about the cultures and traditions of other countries?
Why some people are interested in learning about those cultures and traditions while
others are not?
269
考题解释
当参观访问其他国家时，一些人充分利用机会学习这些国家的文化和传统。
参观者如何学习其他国家的文化和传统？
为什么有些人有兴趣学习这些文化和传统，而其他人却没有兴趣呢？
文章结构
第二段原因段段落中心句→ 第一个原因→ 第二个原因
第三段原因段段落中心句→ 第一个原因→ 第二个原因

第四段解决措施段落中心句→ 第一个措施→ 第二个措施
考官范文
Travelling abroad has been gaining popularity due to the boom of tourist
industry. During their visit in foreign countries, some people tend to grasp the
chances to learn about foreign cultures and traditions, while others might choose not
to do so. The following essay is to find out the reasons why people have different
attitudes in this aspect, and to discover the effective ways for people to learn
about those cultures as well as traditions.
Admittedly, some people are greatly interested in learning about the cultures
and traditions wherever they go in a foreign country. First and foremost, in their
minds, they are there to enrich their knowledge about the world. Anything different
from their own can be attractive to them. Besides, it is a good time for them to learn
something that can be later shared with their families and friends at home. So it is not
only a happy time but also a kind of proud experience to them.
However, some other people seem to be not interested in this at all and there
are a few reasons that may account for their indifference. To begin with, some
people are less receptive than those who are willing to try different things. They tend to
feel comfortable by following their own habits and routine, or learning new things is too
difficult. Another reason is that they may just take the foreign tour as an opportunity
to open their eyes and relieve their pressure, so they are not willing to feel the stressful
life again in learning something new.
Therefore, to those who want to learn more about foreign cultures and
270
traditions, some possible means can be tried. First, learning something about
foreign cultures and traditions before the visit can help them to appreciate the local
cultures and customs adequately. In addition, there are also some other measures
that could be adopted, such as imitating the behaviour of natives, trying local food
and putting on clothes with local characteristics, etc.
To sum up, due to the visitors’ various motivations, their attitudes towards foreign
cultures and traditions are far apart from each other. I believe learning exotic things
is an exciting and valuable experience for people, but it is also reasonable to get well
prepared for the trip by consulting some related materials or seeking advice from a
tourist agency in advance.
范文译文
由于旅游业的蓬勃发展，出国旅游已经日益普及。在外国旅游期间，一些人往往会把
握机会了解外国的文化和传统，而其他人可能会选择不这么做。本文旨在找出为什么人们
在这方面会有不同的态度，并为人们找出了解这些文化以及传统的有效方式。
诚然，有些人无论是在国外的什么地方，都特别有兴趣学习那里的文化和传统。首
先，在他们的心中，他们去那里是为了增加自己有关世界的知识。任何与他们自己不同的
事物都会对他们产生吸引力。此外，它（出国旅游）对于他们来说是一个很好的学习机
会，以后在家里可以与他们的家人和朋友分享。所以，这对于他们来说不仅仅是一种快
乐，也是一种令人骄傲的经历。
然而，另一些人似乎对此毫无兴趣，他们态度漠然的原因可能有几个。首先，有些人
不像其他人那样愿意尝试不同的事物。他们往往感到遵循自己的习惯和程序会更舒适，或
者是感到学习新的东西太难了。另一个原因就是，他们可能只是把出国旅游当作开阔他们
的眼界并减轻压力的机会，所以他们不愿意去学习新的东西，再次感受生活的压力。
因此，对于那些想更多了解外国文化和传统的人来说，一些可能的方法可以尝试。首
先，在旅游之前对外国的文化和传统做一些了解，这可以帮助他们更好地欣赏当地的文化
和习俗。此外，也有一些其他的措施可以采用，如模仿当地人的行为、品尝当地的食物以
及穿具有当地特色的服装，等等。
综上所述，由于游客的动机各不相同，所以他们对外国文化和传统的态度就截然不
同。我认为学习异国情调的东西对于人们来说是一个令人激动和宝贵的经历，但明智的做
法是事先查阅相关的资料或咨询旅行社，从而为旅行做好准备。
万能框架
Travelling abroad has been gaining popularity due to the boom of tourist industry.
During their visit in foreign countries, some people tend to , while others
271
might choose . The following essay is to find out the reasons why people have
different attitudes in this aspect, and to discover the effective ways for people to learn
about those cultures as well as traditions.
Admittedly, some people are greatly interested in learning about the cultures and
traditions wherever they go in a foreign country. First and foremost, . .
Besides. .
However, some other people seem to be not interested in this at all and there
are a few reasons that may account for their indifference. To begin with, .
. Another reason is that .
Therefore, to those who want to learn more about foreign cultures and traditions,
some possible means can be tried. First, . In addition, there are also some
other measures that could be adopted, such as .
To sum up, . I believe .
类似考题
2005 年 3 月 19 日考题
Some people think that cultural traditions may be destroyed when they are used
as money-making attractions aimed at tourists. Others believe it is the only way to save
these traditions.
Discuss both sides and give your opinion.
—— 飞机旅行
WRITING TASK 2
The low price of airplane tickets enables more ordinary people to travel by air; however some
people believe that it causes serious environmental problems so we need to raise the price of tickets
to discourage people from flying.
Discuss both sides and give your opinion.
272
考题解释
有人认为低票价可以让普通人都能坐飞机旅行，然而，另一部分人认为这会引起环境
问题，所以我们需要提高票价，以限制人们乘坐飞机。
讨论这两种观点并给出你的观点。
文章结构
第二段理由段第一个理由→ （第二个理由+举例）→ 第三个理由
第四段让步段段落中心句→ 第一个缺点→ 第二个缺点
考官范文
Travelling by air is now becoming a fashion since airplane tickets are not a
luxury these days. There has been a heated debate over whether we should raise
the price of air travel in an attempt to discourage people from flying. Some people
are inclined to think that air travel not only jeopardises the environment but also
consumes large amounts of energy resource. However, to my mind, it does not make
much sense to restrict air travel.
The most important and obvious reason is that the invention of the airplane
has made modern people’s life much more convenient than ever before. People benefit
from travelling by air in more ways than one. The major benefit is that air travel is
extremely speedy and comfortable. In other words, if you take an airliner, you will
enjoy the warmest and most considerate service on the way. In addition, the prosperity
of aviation industry has a major part to play in promoting international trade and
tourism. To illustrate, with the modern means of transportation, people could enjoy
the seasonal fresh fruits and vegetables from any country in the world. Likewise, if one
is lucky enough to be able to buy a discount airline ticket, then he can travel to any
destination in a short time in the world.
Moreover, it is important to bear in mind that air travel is simply a personal

choice and should be respected. This clearly means that any attempt to restrict air
travel would be seen as a violation of human rights and is both groundless and unjusti-
fied.
273
Nevertheless, on no account can we ignore the downsides caused by travelling

by air. The major disadvantage lies in the fact that each time it will produce large
amounts of waste gas when the airplane takes off. Imaginably, emission of greenhouse
gas would destroy the ozone layer and thus accelerate the pace of global warming. Also,
large consumption of fuel would definitely pose a threat to the supply and demand of
energy resources.
In summary, despite the various problems arising from air travel, it should not
be limited or eliminated. What we should do is to give full play to the function
of air travel by maximising its benefits while trying to come up with practical
solutions to the existing problems, such as developing fuel-efficient airplanes and al-
ternative energy resources. Some day in the future, air travel will pose less threat to the
environment and be cost-effective.
范文译文
目前由于机票不是很昂贵，乘坐飞机出行已经变得很流行。关于是否应该提高票价以
限制人们乘坐飞机引起了热烈的讨论。一些人倾向于认为乘飞机旅行不仅危害环境，而且
消耗大量的能源。然而，在我看来，限制飞机旅行没有多大意义。
最重要最明显的原因是飞机的发明使得现代人的生活比以前更加方便了。坐飞机可以
使人们在多方面受益。主要的好处是乘坐飞机非常地快捷舒适。换言之，如果你乘坐了一
家航空公司的飞机，你将在旅途中享受最热情、最体贴的服务。另外，航空业的发展可以
推动国际贸易和国际旅游业的繁荣。例如，有了这种现代的交通方式，人们可以享受到世
界各地的应季水果和蔬菜。同样，如果一个人幸运地买到了打折的机票，那么他就可以在
很短的时间内去世界上的任何地方旅行。
而且，需要牢记的很重要的一点是，乘飞机旅行仅仅是一种个人选择，应该受到尊重。
这很明显意味着，任何限制飞机旅行的企图都将被视为对人权的侵犯，既没有根据，也是
不正确的。
然而，任何情况下我们都不能忽视飞机旅行可能带来的弊端。其主要的弊端在于，
每次飞机的起飞都会产生大量的废气。可以想象，温室气体的排放会破坏臭氧层，进而加
速全球变暖的步伐。另外，大量燃料的消耗会对能源的供求造成威胁。
总之，尽管飞机旅行会产生各种问题，它也不应该被限制或取消。我们所要做的就是
把它的优点最大化，充分发挥飞机旅行的作用，同时对现存的问题尽力找出实际的解决方
案，例如研发节能型飞机和替代性能源。将来总有一天，乘飞机旅行将不会再威胁环境，
也会更加节省成本。
万能框架
Travelling by air is now becoming a fashion since airplane tickets are not a luxury
274
these days. There has been a heated debate over whether . Some people are
inclined to think that . However, to my mind, .
The most important and obvious reason is that . In other words,
. In addition, . To illustrate, . Likewise, .
Moreover, it is important to bear in mind that . This clearly means that
.
Nevertheless, on no account can we ignore the downsides caused by .
The major disadvantage lies in the fact that . Imaginably, . Also,
.
In summary, despite the various problems arising from , it should not
be limited or eliminated. What we should do is to give full play to the function of
by maximising its benefits while trying to come up with practical solutions to
the existing problems, such as .
原题重现
2008 年 6 月 14 日考题
Many people think cheap air travel should be encouraged because it gives ordinary
people freedom to travel further. However, others think this leads to environmental
problems, so air travel should be more expensive in order to discourage people from
having it.
275
1
ay
D
Day 17-21 第二章图表作文 20 篇
第一节柱图
Test 1
——学习的原因和雇主的支持
WRITING TASK 1
The charts below show the main reasons for study among students of different age groups
and the amount of support they receive from employers.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.

% Reasons for study according to age of student
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
under 26 2629 3039 4049 over 49
Age
For career For interest
Employer support, by age group

(Time off and help with fees)
%
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
under 26 2629 3039 4049 over 49
Age
276
考题解释
这两个图表显示了不同年龄段的学生学习的主要原因以及他们所得到的雇主提供的资
助的情况。
通过选择和报告图表的主要特征对信息进行概括，并在相关的地方进行对比。
考官范文
The two bar charts show the main reasons for study among students of different age
groups and the amount of support they received from employers.
The age groups are divided into under 26, 26-29, 30-39, 40-49, and over 49. The
reasons for study are given as for career and for interest. “For career” descends as age
ascends. The chart shows in the group “under 26”, 80% are studying for career, while in
the group “over 49”, the figure drops to near 19%. However, the portion “for interest”
rises as people grow old. From only 10% in the group “under 26” to near 70% in the
group “over 49”, it increases about 7 times. In the group “40-49” these two reasons
occupy almost the same proportion as 40% or so.
On the other hand, “employer support” is not that simple. The young people “under
26” get more employer support than other age groups, almost 65%. As age advances,
support descends. And only 33% people in the group “30-39” get employer support,
taking up the lowest. “Over 39”, the figures rise with age. More than 40% people “over
49” get employer support.
Thus, through a comparison of the figures exhibited in the two charts, we have
learned about the reasons why people study at different ages and the help that
employers would like to offer.
范文译文
这两个柱图显示了不同年龄段的学生学习的主要原因及他们从雇主那里得到的支持
情况。
年龄组分为 26 岁以下、26 ～ 29 岁、30 ～ 39 岁、40 ～ 49 岁以及 49 岁以上。给出

的学习理由有为了事业和为了兴趣。
“为了事业”的比例随着年龄的增长而降低。图表显示，
在“26 岁以下”的这部分人群里，80% 是为了事业而学习，而在“49 岁以上”的人群里，
数据降至将近 19%。然而，
“为了兴趣”而学习的比例随着人们年龄的增长而增大。从“26
岁以下”的仅仅 10% 到“49 岁以上”的近 70%，这个比率增长了约 6 倍。在“40 ～ 49 岁”
这部分人群里，这两种理由所占的比率几乎相同，为 40% 左右。
另一方面，“雇主支持”的情况不是那么简单。“26 岁以下”的年轻人得到的雇主支
持比其他年龄段的人得到的要多，差不多为 65%。随着年龄的增长，支持率有所降低。在
277
“30 ～ 39 岁”这部分人里，只有 33% 的人得到雇主的支持，所占比例最低。在“39 岁以上”

的人群中，支持率随着年龄的增长而增长。在“49 岁以上”的人群里，超过 40% 的人得
到雇主支持。
由此，我们通过这两个图表所展示的数据的对比了解了人们在不同的年龄阶段学习的
原因以及雇主方面提供帮助的情况。
万能句型
1. 开头段句型
T he two bar charts show the main reasons for study among students
of different age groups and the amount of support they received from
employers.
2. 表示分类的句型
（1）The age groups are divided into under 26, 26-29, 30-39, 40-49, and over 49.
（2）The reasons for study are given as for career and for interest.
3．表示增加、减少的句型
（1）“For career” descends as age ascends.
（2）The chart shows in the group “under 26”, 80% are studying for career, while
in the group “over 49”, the figure drops to near 19%.
（3）However, the portion “for interest” rises as people grow old.
（4）As age advances, support descends.
（5）“Over 39”, the figures rise with age.
4. 表示倍数的句型
From only 10% in the group “under 26” to near 70% in the group “over 49”, it
increases about 7 times.
5. 表示比较的句型
（1）In the group “40-49” these two reasons occupy almost the same proportion
as 40% or so.
（2）The young people “under 26” get more employer support than other age
groups, almost 65%.
6. 表示极点（最高点、最低点）的句型
And only 33% people in the group “30-39” get employer support, taking up the
lowest.
7. 结尾段句型
Thus, through a comparison of the figures exhibited in the two charts, we
have learned about the reasons why people study at different ages and the help
that employers would like to offer.
278
Test 2
——土地破坏的原因
WRITING TASK 1
The bar chart below shows the three main causes of land damage in four different areas.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make
The main causes of land damage in four regions

600
500
400
Million hectares
300
200
100
0
Africa Asia Australia Europe
Tree-cutting Breeding Farming
考题解释
柱图显示了四个不同地区造成土地破坏的三大原因。
考官范文
The bar chart shows information about the areas of land damaged by human
activities in four major continents of the world.
The areas of land damage in Africa and Asia are similar, totaling approximately 1,200
million hectares for each, while in Australia and Europe the numbers are considerably
small, averaging between 300 and 400 million hectares.
Looking at the causes behind land damage, we can see that in Africa, Europe and
especially Australia, breeding is the leading cause of land loss, damaging approximately
500, 100 and 200 million hectares of land respectively. Next comes tree-cutting which
279
takes away slightly larger areas of land than farming in all the three regions. Asia shows
a slightly different picture, where tree-cutting activities have led to the largest amount
of land loss (450 million hectares). Breeding and farming account for the remaining
damage (380 and 420 million hectares respectively).
Overall, breeding causes the most pervasive damage to land around the world.
范文译文
柱图显示了在世界四个大洲中，人类活动造成土地破坏的相关信息。
非洲和亚洲的土地破坏面积非常类似，总数分别约为 12 亿公顷，而在澳大利亚和欧洲，
这个数字相对较低，平均为 3 亿至 4 亿公顷。
从土地破坏背后的原因来看，我们可以看到在非洲和欧洲，尤其是在澳大利亚，放牧
是造成土地流失的主要原因，破坏的土地面积分别约为 5 亿、1 亿和 2 亿公顷。接下来是
伐木，伐木在三个地区所造成的土地流失面积比农业稍大。亚洲呈现的景象略有不同，在
这个地区，伐木导致的土地流失量最大（4.5 亿公顷）。其次是放牧和农业（分别为 3.8 亿
公顷和 4.2 亿公顷）。
总之，放牧是世界各地造成土地破坏的最普遍的原因。
万能句型
1. 开头段句型
The bar chart shows information about the areas of land damaged by human
activities in four major continents of the world.
（1）The areas of land damage in Africa and Asia are similar, totaling approximately
1,200 million hectares for each, while in Australia and Europe the numbers are
considerably small, averaging between 300 and 400 million hectares.
（2）Next comes tree-cutting which takes away slightly larger areas of land than
farming in all the three regions.
3. 表示原因的句型
Looking at the causes behind land damage, we can see that in Africa, Europe
and especially Australia, breeding is the leading cause of land loss, damaging
approximately 500, 100 and 200 million hectares of land respectively.
Asia shows a slightly different picture, where tree-cutting activities have led to the
largest amount of land loss (450 million hectares).
5. 表示“占”（多少或比例）
Breeding and farming account for the remaining damage (380 and 420 million
hectares respectively).
280
6. 结尾段句型
Overall, breeding causes the most pervasive damage to land around the world.
Test 3
——加拿大人口的年龄结构
WRITING TASK 1
The chart below show the results of a survey of age structure of the Canadian population.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information in the graph.
Age structure of the canadian population

Males and Females (1996) Male Female
%
10
8.38.5
8 7.7 7.9
6.86.6
6.46.6
6
4.24.4
4 3.9
3.43.2 3.53.4 3.53.4 3.3
2.4
2 1.5
0.8
0.3
0
04 59 1014 1524 2534 3544 4554 5564 6574 7584 8594
考题解释
下图显示了加拿大人口年龄结构的调查结果。
为大学讲师写一篇报告，描述图中的信息。
考官范文
Indicators of age structure of the Canadian population between males and females
in the year 1996, adopted from statistics Canada 1996 Census, reflect the interesting and
note-worthy differences among various age groups.
281
On the whole, young and middle-aged groups (15-24, 25-34, 35-44 and 45-54) take
a larger proportion of the whole population than other age groups. And it is also quite
interesting to note that among the youngest 4 age groups (0-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-24), males
outnumber females. From the age group of 25-34 on, females begin to take a larger part
than males in the whole population, although the actual difference within each individual
age group does not stand out as a sharp contrast. For example, in the 35-44 age group,
the largest of all the age groups, males make up 8.3% while females take up 8.5%.
But it seems that as for the aging of the population, men’s lifespan is shorter than
that of women’s. In the age group of 55-64, women are 0.2% more than men, while in
the age group of 65-74, this discrepancy increases to 0.6%, and for the age group of
75-84, it reaches 0.9 %.
Overall，the chart displays the age structure of the Canadian population.
范文译文
据 1996 年加拿大人口普查的统计数据，1996 年加拿大男性和女性人口年龄结构的指
标反映了各个年龄组有趣和值得关注的差异。
整体而言，年轻组和中年组（15 ～ 24 岁、25 ～ 34 岁、35 ～ 44 岁和 45 ～ 54 岁）

在整个人口中所占的比重比其他年龄组要大。并且还有一个很有趣的现象需要指出来，在
最年轻的 4 个年龄组中（0 ～ 4 岁、5 ～ 9 岁、10 ～ 14 岁、15 ～ 24 岁），男性多于女性。
从 25 ～ 34 岁的年龄组往上，女性在整个人口中所占的比重开始大于男性，尽管每个年龄
组内的实际差异并没有形成鲜明的对比。例如，在所有年龄组中人数最多的 35 ～ 44 岁的
年龄组中，男性占 8.3%，而女性占 8.5%。
但对于老年人来说，男性的寿命似乎比女性短。在 55 ～ 64 岁年龄组，女性比男性
多 0.2%，而在 65 ～ 74 岁年龄组，这种差距增大到 0.6%，在 75 ～ 84 岁年龄组，这种差
距达到了 0.9%。
总体而言，图表显示了加拿大人口的年龄结构。
万能句型
1. 开头段句型
I ndicators of age structure of the Canadian population between males and
females in the year 1996, adopted from statistics Canada 1996 Census, reflect the
interesting and note-worthy differences among various age groups.
（1）On the whole, young and middle-aged groups (15-24, 25-34, 35-44 and 45-54)
take a larger proportion of the whole population than other age groups.
（2）And it is also quite interesting to note that among the youngest 4 age
groups (0-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-24), males outnumber females.
282
（3）From the age group of 25-34 on, females begin to take a larger part than
males in the whole population, although the actual difference within each
individual age group does not stand out as a sharp contrast.
（4）But it seems that as for the aging of the population, men’s lifespan is shorter
than that of women’s.
For example, in the 35-44 age group, the largest of all the age groups, males make
up 8.3% while females take up 8.5%.
4. 表示增加的句型
In the age group of 55-64, women are 0.2% more than men, while in the age group
of 65-74, this discrepancy increases to 0.6%, and for the age group of 75-84, it
reaches 0.9 %.
5. 结尾段句型
Overall, the chart displays the age structure of the Canadian population.
Test 4
——三个国家的学生入学率
WRITING TASK 1
The charts below show the results of a survey of the student enrollment of three countries
in two different years.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information in the graph.
% %
100 100
80 80
Tertiary
60 enrollment 60
Secondary
40 enrollment 40
Primary
20 enrollment 20
0 0
USA South Japan USA South Japan
Korea Korea
(1) In 1965 (2) In 1995
283
考题解释
下图显示了两个不同年份三个国家学生入学率的调查结果。
考官范文
The bar charts show the changes in percentage of student enrollments at tertiary,
secondary and primary levels in the USA, South Korea and Japan in two different
years—1965 and 1995.
In 1965, the USA showed nearly a 50% enrollment at tertiary level, while South
Korea and Japan only registered 20% and 17% respectively. Meanwhile, at primary level,
the USA (95%) enrolled nearly twice as many students as South Korea (50%) and nearly
three times as many students as Japan (35%). Similarly, secondary enrollments were only
48% in South Korea and 22% in Japan, but 90% in the USA.
As can be seen, in 1995, USA still had the highest level of education, but South
Korea and Japan experienced a dramatic growth. For instance, secondary enrollment of
South Korea (90%) was only 5% less than that of USA, which was 95%. In fact, tertiary
enrollment of three countries was quite similar in 1995.
In conclusion, the charts clearly indicate that over the period between 1965 and
1995, tertiary education made great progress in the three countries and the education
level of South Korea and Japan both improved substantially.
范文译文
柱图显示了在两个不同的年份——1965 年和 1995 年美国、韩国和日本的大专院校、
中学和小学学生入学率的比例变化。
1965 年，美国高等教育的入学率接近 50%，而韩国和日本的入学率分别只有 20% 和

17%。同时，美国小学的入学率（95%）几乎是韩国（50%）的 2 倍，几乎是日本（35%）
的 3 倍。同样，韩国的中学入学率只有 48%，日本只有 22%，但在美国却达到了 90%。
可以看出，在 1995 年，美国的教育水平仍然是最高的，但韩国和日本都经历了戏

剧性的增长。例如，韩国的中学入学率（90%）比美国只少了 5%，美国的中学入学率为
95%。事实上，三个国家 1995 年的高等教育入学率颇为相似。
总之，图表清楚地表明，在 1965 年至 1995 年期间，三个国家的高等教育都取得了

很大的进步，韩国和日本的教育水平有了很大的提高。
284
万能句型
1. 开头段句型
The bar charts show the changes in percentage of student enrollments at tertiary,
secondary and primary levels in the USA, South Korea and Japan in two different
years—1965 and 1995.
2. 描述具体数字
（1）In 1965, the USA showed nearly a 50% enrollment at tertiary level, while
South Korea and Japan only registered 20% and 17% respectively.
（2）Similarly, secondary enrollments were only 48% in South Korea and 22% in
Japan, but 90% in the USA.
M eanwhile, at primary level, the USA (95%) enrolled nearly twice as many
students as South Korea (50%) and nearly three times as many students as Japan
(35%).
As can be seen, in 1995, USA still had the highest level of education, but South
Korea and Japan experienced a dramatic growth.
（1）For instance, secondary enrollment of South Korea (90%) was only 5% less
than that of USA, which was 95%.
（2）In fact, tertiary enrollment of three countries was quite similar in 1995.
6. 结尾段句型
In conclusion, the charts clearly indicate that over the period between 1965
and 1995, tertiary education made great progress in the three countries and the
education level of South Korea and Japan both improved substantially.
Test 5
——外商在五个地区的投资
WRITING TASK 1
The bar chart shows foreign direct investment in five regions in 1990 and 1998.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.
285
Foreign direct investment

80
70
60
Billions of dollars (US)

50
40 1990
1998
30
20
10
0
sia
sia
ca
sia
ic
fri
A
lA
er
nA
m
st
ra
ut
Ea
nt
ra
So
tin
Ce
ha
La
Sa
e/
op
b-
Su
r
Eu
rn
ste
Ea
考题解释
柱图显示了 1990 年和 1998 年五个地区的外商直接投资情况。
考官范文
Indicators of foreign direct investment in five emerging world regions—East Asia,
Latin America, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa and Eastern Europe/Central Asia—in 1990
and 1998 reflect great changes.
Foreign direct investment in all regions leapt, especially in East Asia, Latin America
and Eastern Europe/Central Asia. In 1990, East Asia and Latin America attracted the
most, $10 billion and $8 billion respectively. By contrast, the total for Eastern Europe/
Central Asia amounted to only $2 billion and for South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa $1
billion each.
By 1998, however, East Asia ($65 billion) had been overtaken by Latin America,
whose total had soared to $70 billion. Meanwhile, Eastern Europe/Central Asia, although
still ranked third, had attracted as much as $25 billion, making itself one of the most
active regions. Even in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, there had been a steady
increase to roughly $5 billion in less than a decade.
Overall, the bar chart reveals the general situation of foreign direct investment in
five regions in 1990 and 1998.
286
范文译文
1990 年和 1998 年在五个新兴地区——东亚、拉丁美洲、南亚、撒哈拉以南非洲和东
欧 / 中亚——的外商直接投资指标反映出了巨大的变化。
所有地区的外商直接投资都非常活跃，特别是在东亚、拉丁美洲和东欧 / 中亚地区。
在 1990 年，东亚和拉丁美洲吸引的外资最多，分别为 100 亿美元和 80 亿美元。相比之下，
东欧 / 中亚地区的外资总额只有 20 亿美元，南亚和撒哈拉以南非洲地区分别只有 10 亿
美元。
然而，到了 1998 年，东亚地区（650 亿美元）已经被拉丁美洲地区所赶超，拉丁

美洲的外资总额已经飙升至 700 亿美元。与此同时，尽管东欧 / 中亚地区仍然排名第
三，但这个地区已经吸引了多达 250 亿美元的投资，成为最活跃的地区之一。即使是在
南亚和撒哈拉以南非洲地区，在不到 10 年的时间里，外商投资也稳步增至 50 亿美元
左右。
总体而言，柱图显示了 1990 年和 1998 年五个地区的外商直接投资的总体情况。
万能句型
1. 开头段句型
Indicators of foreign direct investment in five emerging world regions—East Asia,
Latin America, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa and Eastern Europe/Central Asia—in
1990 and 1998 reflect great changes.
2. 表示上升的句型
Foreign direct investment in all regions leapt, especially in East Asia, Latin America
and eastern Europe/Central Asia.
（1）In 1990, East Asia and Latin America attracted the most, $10 billion and $8
billion respectively.
（2）By contrast, the total for Eastern Europe/Central Asia amounted to only $2
billion and for South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa $1 billion each.
（3）M eanwhile, Eastern Europe/Central Asia, although still ranked third, had
attracted as much as $25 billion, making itself one of the most active regions.
By 1998, however, East Asia ($65 billion) had been overtaken by Latin America,
whose total had soared to $70 billion.
Even in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, there had been a steady increase to
roughly $5 billion in less than a decade.
287
6. 结尾段句型
Overall, the bar chart reveals the general situation of foreign direct investment
in five regions in 1990 and 1998.
第二节表格
Test 1
——对学校设施的评价
WRITING TASK 1
The table shows the results of a survey in 2008 which asked undergraduate and
postgraduate students of a UK university whether they were satisfied with the facilities at the
university.
Very Quite Not at all

Area Students
satisfied satisfied satisfied
Postgraduate
65% 20% 15%
Study students
facilities Undergraduate
67% 17% 16%
students
Postgraduate
52% 32% 16%
University students
cafeteria Undergraduate
70% 27% 3%
students
Postgraduate
80% 15% 5%
Social students
facilities Undergraduate
45% 25% 30%
students
288
考题解释
该表格显示的是 2008 年对英国一所大学的本科生和研究生对他们学校的设施是否感
到满意的一项调查结果。
通过选择和报告该表格的主要特征对信息进行概括，并在相关的地方进行对比。
考官范文
The diagram gives a breakdown about different attitudes of undergraduate and
postgraduate students towards the facilities of a UK college in 2008.
When asked about the contentment with the study facilities, the undergraduate
and postgraduate students seemed to have the same opinion, that is, about 85% of
the two groups of students showed their satisfaction, only about 15% of them held
the opposite point of view.
However, when asked about the contentment with the school canteen service and
social facilities, divergence emerged between undergraduate students and postgraduate
students. Most undergraduates (97%) were pleased with the school canteen, but 16% of
postgraduates, which exceeded the undergraduates by 13%, were discontented with it.
On the contrary, the undergraduate students appeared to have much more complaints
about the social facilities, with 30% of them expressing their dissatisfaction, which
exceeded by 25% the proportion of the criticism within postgraduate students.
In summary, most of the British college students were satisfied with the campus
facilities, yet undergraduates tended to be a little harsher than postgraduate students.
范文译文
表格显示了 2008 年本科生和研究生对英国一所大学设施的不同态度。
当被问到是否对学习设施满意时，本科生和研究生似乎持同样的观点，那就是两组学
生中大约都有 85% 的人表示满意，只有大约 15% 的学生感觉正好相反。
然而，当被问到关于学校食堂的服务和社会设施的时候，本科生和研究生之间的观点
出现了分歧。大部分的本科生（97%）对学校的食堂满意，然而有 16% 的研究生，比本
科生高 13%，对大学食堂不满。相反，本科生似乎对社会设施有更多的抱怨，有 30% 的
本科生表示不满，比研究生对社会设施的批判比例高了 25%。
总的来说，大多数的英国大学生对校园设施表示满意，然而本科生似乎比研究生更
苛刻。
289
万能句型
1. 开头段句型
The diagram gives a breakdown about different attitudes of undergraduate and
postgraduate students towards the facilities of a UK college in 2008.
When asked about the contentment with the study facilities, the undergraduate
and postgraduate students seemed to have the same opinion, that is, about
85% of the two groups of students showed their satisfaction, only about 15% of
them held the opposite point of view.
（1）However, when asked about the contentment with the school canteen service
and social facilities, divergence emerged between undergraduate students
and postgraduate students.
（2）M ost undergraduates (97%) were pleased with the school canteen, but
16% of postgraduates, which exceeded the undergraduates by 13%, were
discontented with it.
（3）O n the contrary, the undergraduate students appeared to have much
more complaints about the social facilities, with 30% of them expressing their
dissatisfaction, which exceeded by 25% the proportion of the criticism within
postgraduate students.
4. 结尾段句型
In summary, most of the British college students were satisfied with the campus
facilities, yet undergraduates tended to be a little harsher than postgraduate
students.
Test 2
——对各种压力的不同看法
WRITING TASK 1
The table below presents the perceptions of Chief Executive Officers (CEO) and their
partners as to the main sources of stress in the CEO lifestyle.
Using the information in the table, describe and compare the ways CEOs and their
partners perceive pressures in the CEO lifestyle.
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Perceptions of pressure in the CEO life style—top ten rated sources of stress (%)
Factors perceived to produce Perceptions of Perceptions of

stress CEOs spouses/partners
Time pressures and deadlines 52 60
Demands of work on private life 48 23
Demands of work on relationship

45 29
with family
Work-related travel 39 57
Work overload 37 62
Interpersonal relations 25 21
Long working hours 24 62
Taking work home 24 32
Inadequately trained subordinates 24 17
考题解释
下表列出了首席执行官及其伴侣对 CEO 生活模式压力的主要来源的各种看法。
使用表中的信息，描述和比较首席执行官及其伴侣对 CEO 生活模式压力的不同看法。
考官范文
It is generally accepted that men and women see things differently. The information
in the table tends to support this view, as the perceptions of Chief Executive Officers
(CEOs) and their spouses or partners show significant differences in a number of issues.
The three main sources of stress as far as CEOs are concerned are: time pressures
and deadlines (52%), the demands of work on private life (48%) and the demands
of work on the relationship with the family (45%). The four main sources of stress
nominated by their spouses /partners are: work overload (62%), long working hours
(62%), time pressures and deadlines (60%) and work-related travel (57%). Time
pressures and deadlines are tangible factors that both groups are very aware of.
However, spouses tend to be more specific in identifying work overload, long working
hours, and work-related travel as problems, compared to CEOs who focus on more
general “demands of work”.
The biggest difference is in the numbers nominating long working hours as a source
of stress: 62% of spouses/partners, compared to only 24% of CEOs. It seems reasonable
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to assume that most CEOs enjoy their work, and generally do not mind the long hours,
whereas their spouses/partners do not appreciate this situation at all!
范文译文
人们普遍认为男人和女人看问题的角度有所不同。表格中的信息倾向于这一观点，因
为首席执行官及其配偶或伴侣对一些问题的看法有着显著的差异。
对于首席执行官们来说，他们所关注的三个主要压力来源为：时间压力和最后期限
（52%）、工作对私人生活的影响（48%）以及工作对家庭关系的影响（45%）。首席执行官
的配偶 / 伴侣们认为的四个主要的压力来源是：工作超负荷（62%），长时间的工作（62%），
时间压力和最后期限（60%）以及为了工作出差（57%）。时间压力和最后期限是两个群
体都清楚地意识到的切实因素。然而，配偶往往更把工作超负荷、长时间的工作以及为了
工作出差看做是难题，相比之下，首席执行官们更注重一般的“工作要求”。
作为压力来源之一的长时间工作，在提及的人数上存在最大的分歧：62% 的配偶 / 伴
侣提及了，相比之下，只有 24% 的首席执行官提及了这一因素。这似乎可以合理地假设
大多数的首席执行官都非常享受他们的工作，并且一般都不介意长时间工作，而他们的配
偶 / 伴侣却根本不喜欢这种状况！
万能句型
1. 开头段句型
The information in the table tends to support this view, as the perceptions of
Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) and their spouses or partners show significant
differences in a number of issues.
（1）The three main sources of stress as far as CEOs are concerned are: time
pressures and deadlines (52%), the demands of work on private life (48%) and
the demands of work on the relationship with the family (45%).
（2）The four main sources of stress nominated by their spouses /partners are:
work overload (62%), long working hours (62%), time pressures and deadlines
(60%) and work-related travel (57%).
（1）Time pressures and deadlines are tangible factors that both groups are very
aware of.
（2）However, spouses tend to be more specific in identifying work overload,
long working hours, and work-related travel as problems, compared to CEOs
who focus on more general “demands of work”.
（3）The biggest difference is in the numbers nominating long working hours as a
source of stress: 62% of spouses/partners, compared to only 24% of CEOs.
（4）I t seems reasonable to assume that most CEOs enjoy their work, and
292
generally do not mind the long hours, whereas their spouses/partners do not
appreciate this situation at all!
Test 3
——讲师教授的学生人数
WRITING TASK 1
The tables show the average number of students taught by each lecturer in Australian
universities from 1991 to 2007.
The average number of students taught by each lecturer (1991—2007)
1991 1995 1999 2003 2007
12.3 14.4 17.1 19.8 21.6
The average number of students taught by each lecturer in 2001
Lecture-based Laboratory-based
Education 22.5 Science 14.0
Sociology 24.2 Agriculture 14.7
Law 28.5 Chemistry 17.5
考题解释
表格显示了 1991 年至 2007 年澳大利亚大学中每个讲师教授学生的平均人数。
通过选择和报告表格的主要特征对信息进行概括，并在相关的地方进行对比。
考官范文
The tables describe the average number of students under the instruction of each
lecturer in Australian universities from 1991 to 2007 and make a comparison between
the average numbers of students taught by one lecturer in two different categories of
subjects in 2001.
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In general, it is apparent that the average number of students taught by one lecturer
increased steadily from 1991 to 2007. In 1991, there were only 12.3 students taught
by one lecturer. Also, there were a relatively small number of students (14.4) inside a
classroom in 1995. However, the figure was projected to increase to 1.5 times to 21.6
students in 2007.
In addition, the average number of students in lecture-based subjects was

contrastingly larger than that in laboratory-based ones in 2001. Within the former
category, Law had undoubtedly the greatest number of students of 28.5, while Education
constituted the least—only 22.5 students taught by each instructor. Turning to the latter
group, Science majors attracted the least individual attention (14.0 of them under one
lecturer). By contrast, 17.5 Chemistry students seemed to be a heavier burden for each
professor.
To summarise, the average number of students taught by one lecturer has been
progressively larger throughout the years and the classrooms of Australian universities
will become increasingly crowded in the future.
范文译文
表格说明了 1991 年至 2007 年期间澳大利亚大学中每个讲师所教学生的平均人数，
并将 2001 年每个讲师在两个不同类别的科目所教学生的平均人数进行了比较。
总的来说，从 1991 年至 2007 年，学生的平均人数稳步增长，这是非常明显的。

在 1991 年，一个讲师教授的学生只有 12.3 个。而且，在 1995 年，一个教室内的学
生人数也相对较少（14.4 个）；但是，到了 2007 年，这个数字增长到 1.5 倍，达到
21.6 个。
此外，2001 年授课科目的学生平均人数显然远远多于实验科目的学生人数。在授课
科目中，法律无疑是人数最多的，达到 28.5 个，而教育科目的学生人数最少——每个讲
师只教 22.5 个学生。至于实验科目，科学专业吸引的个体关注最少（每个讲师教 14.0 个
学生）。相比之下，17.5 个化学学生对每个教授来说似乎是个较重的负担了。
总之，一个讲师教授的学生的平均人数逐年增加，澳大利亚大学的教室在将来也会变
得越来越拥挤。
万能句型
1. 开头段句型
The tables describe the average number of students under the instruction of
each lecturer in Australian universities from 1991 to 2007 and make a comparison
between the average numbers of students taught by one lecturer in two different
categories of subjects in 2001.
294
In general, it is apparent that the average number of students taught by one
lecturer increased steadily from 1991 to 2007.
（1）In 1991, there were only 12.3 students taught by one lecturer.
（2）Also, there were a relatively small number of students (14.4) inside a
classroom in 1995.
However, the figure was projected to increase to 1.5 times to 21.6 students in
2007.
（1）In addition, the average number of students in lecture-based subjects was
contrastingly larger than that in laboratory-based ones in 2001.
（2）By contrast, 17.5 chemistry students seemed to be a heavier burden for each
professor.
（1）Within the former category, Law had undoubtedly the greatest number of
students of 28.5, while Education constituted the least— only 22.5 students
taught by each instructor.
（2） Turning to the latter group, Science majors attracted the least individual
attention (14.0 of them under one lecturer).
7. 结尾段句型
To summarise, the average number of students taught by one lecturer has
been progressively larger throughout the years and the classrooms of Australian
universities will become increasingly crowded in the future.
Test 4
——八项运动的参加人数及时间
WRITING TASK 1
The table below shows the result of a survey of the number of participants in eight sports
and the time spent on each sport per month.
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Type of Sport Number of Participants Time Consumed Per Month (Hours)

Basketball 150 20
Running 50 50
Badminton 60 45
Football 200 15
Rock Climbing 45 28
Rugby 180 20
Golf 15 30
Skating 20 40
考题解释
下表的调查结果显示了八个运动项目的参加人数以及每月各运动所花费的时间。
考官范文
The table provides information on the number of participants in eight sports and
the time spent on each of them. The sports fall into two categories: team and individual.
Football has the largest number of participants (200), followed by rugby (180) and
basketball (150). Meanwhile, individual sports attract far fewer people: badminton (60),
running (50) and rock climbing (45). The least popular sports are skating (20) and golf
(15).
By contrast, people spend much more time on individual sports. For instance,
running takes up the largest amount of time (50 hours) and badminton 45 hours. Rugby
and basketball, however, take up only 20 hours. Although football is the most popular
sport, people spend least time on it, only 15 hours. The least popular sports, skating
and golf, nevertheless occupy 40 and 30 hours respectively.
Overall, a greater number of people participate in team sports, while people spend
more time on individual sports.
范文译文
该表列出了有关八个运动项目的参与人数的情况，以及每个项目所花的时间。运动可
以分为两大类：团队运动项目和个人运动项目。
足球参加的人数最多（200 人），接下来是橄榄球（180 人）和篮球（150 人）。

与此同时，个人运动吸引的人数就少得多：羽毛球（60 人），跑步（50 人），攀岩（45 人）。
最不受欢迎的运动是滑冰（20 人）和高尔夫球（15 人）。
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相比之下，人们在个人运动上花费的时间更多。例如，跑步占用的时间最多（50 个
小时），羽毛球占用 45 个小时。但橄榄球和篮球只占用 20 个小时。尽管足球是最流行的
运动，人们在这项运动上花费的时间却最少，只有 15 个小时。而最不受欢迎的运动，即
滑冰和高尔夫球，分别占 40 个小时和 30 个小时。
总的来看，更多的人参与团队运动，而人们在个人运动上花费的时间更多。
万能句型
1. 开头段句型
The table provides information on the number of participants in eight sports and
the time spent on each of them.
The sports fall into two categories: team and individual.
（1）Football has the largest number of participants (200), followed by rugby (180)
and basketball (150).
（2）The least popular sports are skating (20) and golf (15).
（3）Although football is the most popular sport, people spend least time on it,
only 15 hours.
By contrast, people spend much more time on individual sports.
（1）For instance, running takes up the largest amount of time (50 hours) and
badminton 45 hours.
（2）Rugby and basketball, however, take up only 20 hours.
（3）The least popular sports, skating and golf, nevertheless occupy 40 and 30
hours respectively.
6. 结尾段句型
Overall, a greater number of people participate in team sports, while people spend
more time on individual sports.
Test 5
——各国生活质量对比
WRITING TASK 1
The following table gives statistics showing the aspects of quality of life in five countries.
297
Daily calorie Life Infant mortality

GNP per head
Country supply per expectancy at rates (per 1,000
1982 (dollars)
head birth (years) live birth)
Bangladesh 140 1,877 40 132
Bolivia 570 2,086 50 124
Egypt 690 2,950 56 97
Indonesia 580 2,296 49 87
U.S.A. 13,160 3,652 74 12
考题解释
下面的表格给出的统计数字显示了五个国家生活质量的各个方面。
考官范文
The figures in the table reveal the quality of life in five countries in 1982, namely
Bangladesh, Bolivia, Egypt, Indonesia and the U.S.A.
It is clear from the table that Americans’ GNP was considerably higher than that of
others, amounting to 13,160 dollars per head. Its daily calorie supply for each person
was also the highest at 3,652. Meanwhile, Americans enjoyed the longest life expectancy
at 74 years, while their infant mortality rate was the lowest at only 1.2%.
In contrast, the people in Bangladesh lived the poorest lives of all. This was
most evident in its GNP at 140 dollars per head, being only one hundredth of that of
Americans, as well as the lowest of five countries. Besides, its daily calorie supply and
life expectancy were also the least at 1,877 each person and 40 years respectively, while
its infant mortality rate was the highest at 13.2%, being 11 times that of Americans.
The other three countries maintain middle positions. Their GNP per head, in
decreasing order, was $690 (Egypt), $580 (Indonesia) and $570 (Bolivia). The similar
patterns can be seen in the other three columns. Specifically, life expectancy in Indonesia
was 1 year less than that in Bolivia, whereas its infant mortality rate was 1% less, compared
with that in Egypt.
Overall, we can see that there are significant differences in every aspect of quality of
life in the five countries.
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范文译文
表格中的数字揭示了 1982 年孟加拉、玻利维亚、埃及、印度尼西亚和美国这五个国
家人们的生活质量。
从表中可以明显看出，美国国民生产总值大大高于其他国家，人均达到 13 160 美元。

其每日每人的热量供应也是最高的，达 3 652 卡路里。与此同时，美国人享有最长的预期
寿命，为 74 岁，而他们的婴儿死亡率是最低的，仅为 1.2%。
与此形成对比的是，生活在孟加拉的人民是最贫穷的。很明显，它的人均国民生产总
值是 140 美元，仅为美国的百分之一，也是这五个国家中最低的。此外，每日每人的热
量供应很少，预期寿命也很低，分别为 1 877 卡路里和 40 岁，而婴儿死亡率高达 13.2%，
是美国的 11 倍。
其他三个国家居于中等。它们的人均国民生产总值依降序排列如下：埃及为 690 美元、

印度尼西亚为 580 美元、玻利维亚为 570 美元。在其他三栏中也能看到类似的情形。具
体来说，印度尼西亚人民的预期寿命比玻利维亚人民少一年，而它的婴儿死亡率与埃及相
比低 1%。
总体而言，我们能看到，这五个国家人民生活质量的每个方面都存在很大差异。
万能句型
1. 开头段句型
The figures in the table reveal the quality of life in five countries in 1982, namely
Bangladesh, Bolivia, Egypt, Indonesia and the U.S.A.
（1）It is clear from the table that Americans’ GNP was considerably higher
than that of others, amounting to 13,160 dollars per head.
（2）The similar patterns can be seen in the other three columns.
（3）S pecifically, life expectancy in Indonesia was 1 year less than that in
Bolivia, whereas its infant mortality rate was 1% less, compared with that in
Egypt.
（1）Its daily calorie supply for each person was also the highest at 3,652.
（2）Meanwhile, Americans enjoyed the longest life expectancy at 74 years, while
their infant mortality rate was the lowest at only 1.2%.
（3）In contrast, the people in Bangladesh lived the poorest lives of all.
4. 表示比例、倍数的句型
（1）This was most evident in its GNP at 140 dollars per head, being only one
hundredth of that of Americans, as well as the lowest of five countries.
（2）Besides, its daily calorie supply and life expectancy were also the least at 1,877
each person and 40 years respectively, while its infant mortality rate was the
highest at 13.2% being 11 times that of Americans.
299
Their GNP per head, in decreasing order, was $690 (Egypt), $580 (Indonesia) and
$570 (Bolivia).
6. 结尾段句型
Overall, we can see that there are significant differences in every aspect of quality
of life in the five countries.
第三节线图
Test 1
——澳大利亚儿童体育运动
WRITING TASK 1
The chart below shows the result of a survey of Australian children’s participation rates
in seven sports.
Write a report for a university lecturer, describing the information shown below.
Swimming
Outdoor soccer
Netball
Tennis
Basketball
Australian Rules football
Outdoor cricket Boys
Girls
0 5 10 15 20 25
Participation rate (%)
考题解释
下图的调查结果显示了澳大利亚儿童在七个运动项目上的参与率。
300
考官范文
The line chart presents sharp contrasts in the participation rates of Australian boys
and girls in seven sports.
Boys outnumber girls in five of the sports, and in the case of the two contact sports,
outdoor soccer and Australian rules football, there is a great deal of difference in the
participation rates between the two groups, respectively some 22% to about 4%, and
15% to almost zero. These are the girls’ least favourite sports. Meanwhile, tennis attracts
only a few more boys than girls (9% as against 7%), whilst a similar near balance appears
in the figures for basketball, where 8% of the boys are almost matched by the 7% of girl
participants.
On the other hand, slightly more girls (about 17%) participate in their second favourite
sport, swimming, than boys (approximately 16%). By contrast, in netball, their favourite
sport, girls (about 18%) hugely outnumber boys, with boys scarcely taking part in it at all.
To sum up, the picture demonstrates the general situation of Australian children’s
participation rates in seven sports.
范文译文
该线图显示出在七个运动项目上澳大利亚女孩和男孩参与率的强烈对比。
在五个体育项目上，男孩的参与数量超过了女孩，在两个接触型的运动项目上——也
就是户外足球和澳大利亚规则足球，两类群体的参与率相差很大，分别是大约 22% 对大
约 4%，15% 对近乎是零的参与率。这些都是女孩最不喜欢的运动。同时，网球吸引的男
孩数量略高于女孩（9% 对 7%），而篮球的参与率接近平衡，男孩的参与率为 8%，女孩为
7%，两个数字非常相近。
另一方面，女孩对她们第二喜欢的游泳运动的参与率（约 17%）略高于男孩（约
16%）。相反，女孩对她们最喜欢的网球运动的参与率（约 18%）远大于男孩，男孩几乎
不参加这项运动。
综上所述，该图显示了澳大利亚儿童在七个运动项目上参与率的一般情况。
万能句型
1. 开头段句型
The line chart presents sharp contrasts in the participation rates of Australian
girls and boys in seven sports.
（1）Boys outnumber girls in five of the sports, and in the case of the two contact
sports, outdoor soccer and Australian rules football, there is a great deal of
difference in the participation rates between the two groups, respectively
some 22% to about 4%, and 15% to almost zero.
301
（2）Meanwhile, tennis attracts only a few more boys than girls (9% as against 7%),
whilst a similar near balance appears in the figures for basketball, where 8%
of the boys are almost matched by the 7% of girl participants.
（3）On the other hand, slightly more girls (about 17%) participate in their second
favourite sport, swimming, than boys (approximately 16%).
（4）B y contrast, in netball, their favourite sport, girls (about 18%) hugely
outnumber boys, with boys scarcely taking part in it at all.
These are the girls’ least favourite sports.
4. 结尾段句型
To sum up, the picture demonstrates the general situation of Australian children’s
participation rates in seven sports.
Test 2
——美国和日本的失业情况
WRITING TASK 1
The chart below shows the unemployment rates in the US and Japan between March 1993
and March 1999.

Unemployment rates: US and Japan
7.5
7.0
6.5
6.0 US
Percentage of work force
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
Japan
3.0
2.5
2.0
Mar 1993 Mar 1994 Mar 1995 Mar 1996 Mar 1997 Mar 1998 Mar 1999
302
考题解释
下面的图表显示了美国和日本在 1993 年 3 月到 1999 年 3 月的失业率。
给一位大学讲师写一篇报告，描述图表中的信息。
考官范文
The graph compares the unemployment rates in the US and in Japan over a span of
6 years from March 1993 to March 1999.
As can be seen from the graph, during this period of time, the unemployment
rate in the US revealed a trend of gradual decline, whereas that in Japan witnessed an
opposite tendency, namely, a steady rise.
Obviously, there was a dramatic increase in the unemployment rate in Japan

between 1993 and 1994, rising from about 2.5% to 3.75%. Nevertheless, the following
year experienced a slight fluctuation. From March 1995 to the middle of 1998, there was
a stable growth accompanied by occasional fluctuations. Particularly in 1998, it peaked
at approximately 5.3% and afterwards began to show minor drop before finally ending
up at 5%.
On the other hand, the unemployment rate in the US was totally different from that
in Japan. As is shown from the graph, US unemployment rate fell significantly from the
original 7.0% to the final 5.1%. The lowest rate, which appeared in 1998, reached about
4.7%, almost drew even to the highest rate in Japan.
Thus, we have learned some information about the unemployment rates in the US
and Japan between 1993 and 1999.
范文译文
本图对比的是美国和日本从 1993 年 3 月到 1999 年 3 月 6 年间的失业率情况。
从图中可以看出，在这期间，美国的失业率呈现出逐渐下降的趋势，而日本的失业率
却显现出截然相反的趋势，即节节攀升。
很明显，从 1993 年到 1994 年间，日本的失业率从 2.5% 快速上升到 3.75%。然而，

接下来的一年经历了轻微的震荡。从 1995 年 3 月到 1998 年中旬，伴随着偶尔的波动，
日本的失业率继续呈现出稳定的增长趋势。尤其在 1998 年，曾一度达到了约 5.3% 的最
高值，然后才开始再次转入微弱的下跌，最终以 5% 收尾。
另一方面，美国的失业率走向与日本完全不一样。从图表上看，美国失业率从最初的
7.0% 显著地下降到了最后的 5.1%。特别是在 1998 年，一度达到了约 4.7% 的最低点，几
乎与日本的最高点持平。
303
由此，我们了解了美国和日本在 1993 年到 1999 年间失业率的一些情况。
万能句型
1. 开头段句型
The graph compares the unemployment rates in the US and in Japan over a span
of 6 years from March 1993 to March 1999.
2．表示增加、减少、波动的句型
（1）A s can be seen from the graph, during this period of time, the
unemployment rate in the US revealed a trend of gradual decline, whereas
that in Japan witnessed an opposite tendency, namely, a steady rise.
（2）Obviously, there was a dramatic increase in the unemployment rate in
Japan between 1993 and 1994, rising from about 2.5% to 3.75%.
（3）Nevertheless, the following year experienced a slight fluctuation.
（4）From March 1995 to the middle of 1998, there was a stable growth
accompanied by occasional fluctuations.
（5）As is shown from the graph, US unemployment rate fell significantly from
the original 7.0% to the final 5.1%.
（1）Particularly in 1998, it peaked at approximately 5.3% and afterwards
began to show minor drop before finally ending up at 5%.
he lowest rate, which appeared in 1998, reached about 4.7%, almost drew
（2） T
even to the highest rate in Japan.
On the other hand, the unemployment rate in the US was totally different from
that in Japan.
5. 结尾段句型
Thus, we have learned some information about the unemployment rates in the
US and Japan between 1993 and 1999.
Test 3
——英国人的旅游情况
WRITING TASK 1
The charts below give information about travel to and from the UK, and about the most
popular countries for UK residents to visit.
304
Visits to and from the UK

60
visits abroad by
50
UK residents
visits to the UK by
40
overseas residents
millions
30
20
10
0
1979 1984 1989 1994 1999
Most popular countries visited by UK residents 1999
Turkey
Greece
USA
Spain
France
0 5 10 15
millions of UK visitors
考题解释
下面的图表描述了到英国旅游和来自英国游客的信息，以及哪些国家是最受英国人欢
迎的。
考官范文
The line graph shows the number of tourists travelling to and from the UK from
1979 to 1999. The bar chart indicates the most popular countries visited by UK residents
in 1999 and the number of visitors.
305
From the line graph, we learn that the numbers of visitors going out and coming in
1979 were very close, both around 10 million. In the following 20 years, however, the
gap kept widening and reached the peak in 1999, when overseas visitors amounted to
26 million and the number of UK travellers abroad doubled it.
The bar chart reveals that the favourite tourist destinations for British residents
in 1999 were mostly some traditional European countries, such as Turkey, Greece,
Spain, and France. The last two countries were especially appealing, both attracting 10
million or so British visitors, far exceeding the numbers to the other three countries. In
addition, the United States was also quite attractive to Britons.
Thus, we have gained some interesting statistics about British people travelling
abroad and people from other countries coming to visit the UK.
范文译文
线图显示了从 1979 年到 1999 年到英国旅游和来自英国的旅客的数目。柱图表明了
1999 年最受英国人欢迎的国家以及游客的数目。
由线图可知，两方面的人数在 1979 年开始阶段基本持平，都在 1 000 万左右，但在

之后的 20 年间，这个差距越拉越大，并于 1999 年达到顶峰。英国入境游客人数 2 600 万，
而出境人数两倍于此。
从柱图中可知，1999 年英国人最喜欢游览的地方是欧洲的一些传统国家，比如土耳其、
希腊、西班牙和法国。其中，后两个国家尤其热门，吸引了 1 000 万左右的英国人前去游览，
人数远超过其他三国。此外，美国也受到了很多英国人的欢迎。
由此，我们了解到了英国人出国旅游以及其他国家的人前往英国旅游的许多有趣
数据。
万能句型
1. 开头段句型
（1）The line graph shows the number of tourists travelling to and from the UK
from 1979 to 1999.
（2）The bar chart indicates the most popular countries visited by UK residents in
1999 and the number of visitors.
From the line graph, we learn that the numbers of visitors going out and
coming in 1979 were very close, both around 10 million.
3. 表示最高点和倍数的句型
In the following 20 years, however, the gap kept widening and reached the peak
in 1999, when overseas visitors amounted to 26 million and the number of UK
travellers abroad doubled it.
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4. 表示列举
The bar chart reveals that the favourite tourist destinations for British residents
in 1999 were mostly some traditional European countries, such as Turkey, Greece,
Spain, and France.
The last two countries were especially appealing, both attracting 10 million or so
British visitors, far exceeding the numbers to the other three countries.
6. 结尾段句型
Thus, we have gained some interesting statistics about British people travelling
abroad and people from other countries coming to visit the UK.
第四节饼图
Test 1
——水的使用情况
WRITING TASK 1
The charts below show fresh water and saline water withdrawals in 1990 and ground and
surface water withdrawals in 1990.
Ground and Surface Water Withdrawals for

Fresh and Saline Water Withdrawals 1990 Selected Categories of Water Use in 1990
Power (billion gallons per day)
Industry Mining generation
Irrigation Public Mining Live stock
15% supply
34% 33%
85% 66% 67% 37% 39% 35% 40%
63% 61% 65% 60%
22.6 5 194
(billion gallons per day) 137 38 4.9 4.5
Fresh water Saline water Ground water Surface water
考题解释
下面的图表反映了 1990 年淡水用量和海水的使用情况以及 1990 年地下水和地表水
的使用情况。
307
考官范文
The pie charts analyse the daily use of water in 1990 in terms of purpose, type and
source of water.
In every case, fresh water withdrawal exceeded that of saline water, in mining and
power generation by a margin of two-to-one and in industry by 85% to 15%. In volume
terms, however, power generation (194 billion gallons) consumed nearly nine times as
much as industry (22.6 billion ), which in turn used almost four times as much as mining (5
billion).
In terms of the proportions of ground and surface water utilised, the two largest
consumers, irrigation (137 billion gallons) and public supply (38 billion), both drew
nearly two-thirds of their supplies from surface water (63% and 61% respectively) and
one-third from fresh water. By contrast, in mining, which consumed only 4.9 billion
gallons, and livestock use, 4.5 billion, the proportions were reversed, the ground water
used for mining being 65% and that for livestock 60%.
To summarise, the charts give us a general idea about fresh water and saline water
withdrawals in 1990 and ground and surface water withdrawals in 1990.
范文译文
饼图从用水目的、类型以及水源方面分析了 1990 年日常用水的情况。
在任何情况下，淡水的用量都超过了海水，采矿和发电对淡水和海水的使用比例为 2
比 1，在工业上，淡水和海水的使用比例为 85% 比 15%。但是从使用量上来看，发电用
水量（1 940 亿加仑）几乎是工业用水量（226 亿加仑）的 9 倍，而工业用水量几乎又是
采矿用水量（50 亿加仑）的 4 倍。
在地下水和地表水的使用比例方面，灌溉（1 370 亿加仑）和供应公众（380 亿加仑）

这两项用水最多，其 2/3 的用水都来自地表水（分别为 63% 和 61%），另外 1/3 来自淡水。
相比而言，采矿的用水量只有 49 亿加仑，牲畜的用水量为 45 亿加仑，在使用比例上有所
逆转，采矿使用的地下水比例为 65%，牲畜为 60%。
总之，图表反映了 1990 年淡水和海水用量的总体情况以及 1990 年地下水和地表水

用量的总体情况。
万能句型
1. 开头段句型
The pie charts analyse the daily use of water in 1990 in terms of purpose, type
and source of water.
In every case, fresh water withdrawal exceeded that of saline water, in mining and
power generation by a margin of two-to-one and in industry by 85% to 15%.
308
3. 表示倍数、比例的句型
（1）In volume terms, however, power generation (194 billion gallons) consumed
nearly nine times as much as industry (22.6 billion ), which in turn used
almost four times as much as mining (5 billion).
（2）In terms of the proportions of ground and surface water utilised, the two
largest consumers, irrigation (137 billion gallons) and public supply (38
billion), both drew nearly two-thirds of their supplies from surface water (63%
and 61% respectively) and one-third from fresh water.
By contrast, in mining, which consumed only 4.9 billion gallons, and livestock
use, 4.5 billion, the proportions were reversed, the ground water used for mining
being 65% and that for livestock 60%.
5. 结尾段句型
To summarise, the charts give us a general idea about fresh water and saline water
withdrawals in 1990 and ground and surface water withdrawals in 1990.
Test 2
——超市销售的肉类的比例
WRITING TASK 1
The chart shows the information of a survey of the meat sale in a supermarket.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information on the graph.

Total meat sold
Fish
5%
Others
2%
Chicken
Pork 40%
20%
Beef
18%
Lamb
15%
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考题解释
该图显示了对某个超市销售的肉类的调查信息。
考官范文
The pie chart shows the proportion of the meat sold in a supermarket. The total
meat sold in the supermarket is classified into six types as follows: chicken, pork, beef,
lamb, fish and others.
Overall, chicken has the largest proportion, which accounts for 40%; while others
have the smallest percentage, at 2%.
As can be seen in the pie chart, chicken, which makes up 40%, is the most popular
among the total meat sold, then next is pork at 20%, followed by beef, constituting 18%;
and finally come lamb, fish and others at 15%, 5% and 2% respectively. It should be
noted that the sale of pork is half as much as that of chicken. And it is also interesting to
note that the sale of chicken is 20 times as much as that of others.
It can be concluded from the pie chart that chicken is the most commonly bought
meat while others is the least commonly bought meat.
范文译文
这张饼图显示了超市里销售的各种肉的比例。超市里销售的所有的肉可以被分为以下
六大类：鸡肉、猪肉、牛肉、羊肉、鱼肉以及其他。
总的来说，鸡肉所占的比例最大，达到了 40%；而其他种类所占的比例最少，仅有 2%。
从这张饼图里可以看到，在所有被销售的肉类中，鸡肉是最受欢迎的，占 40%；其次
是猪肉，占 20%；然后是牛肉，占 18%；最后是羊肉、鱼肉以及其他类的，分别占 15%、
5% 和 2%。应该指出的是，猪肉销量是鸡肉销量的一半。有趣的是，鸡肉的销量是其他肉
类销量的 20 倍。
通过这张饼图可以得出结论，鸡肉是最普遍被购买的肉类，而其他种类的肉是最不经
常被购买的。
万能句型
1. 开头段句型
The pie chart shows the proportion of the meat sold in a supermarket.
310
The total meat sold in the supermarket is classified into six types as follows:
chicken, pork, beef, lamb, fish and others.
Overall, chicken has the largest proportion, which accounts for 40%; while
others have the smallest percentage, at 2%.
As can be seen in the pie chart, chicken, which makes up 40%, is the most
popular among the total meat sold, then next is pork at 20%, followed by beef,
constituting 18%; and finally come lamb, fish and others at 15%, 5% and 2%
respectively.
5. 表示倍数、比例的句型
（1）It should be noted that the sale of pork is half as much as that of chicken.
（2）And it is also interesting to note that the sale of chicken is 20 times as
much as that of others.
6. 结尾段句型
It can be concluded from the pie chart that chicken is the most commonly
bought meat while others is the least commonly bought meat.
Test 3
——几种导致死亡的病因情况
WRITING TASK 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task
The pie charts below show the selected causes of death as a percentage of all deaths of
registered Indians and the total population in 1992.
考题解释
下面的饼图显示了 1992 年印第安人登记人口和总人口的几个致死原因在全部死亡原
因中的比例情况。
311
Selected Causes of Death as a

Percentage of All Deaths, 1992
Registered Indians
Male Female
Infectious 2% Infectious 2%
Neoplasms
Neoplasms
Other 24% (Cancers) 12%
(Cancers)
16% Other 27%
Circulatory
Respiratory 22%
7%
Circulatory
27%
Injuries 18%
Injuries 33% Respiratory 10%
Total Population
Male
Infectious 2% ale 1% Other 5%
Femtious
c Respiratory 9%
Other 15% Infe
Neoplasms Injuries 5%
Neoplasms (Cancers)
(Cancers) Respiratory
32%
29% 9%
Injuries 9%
Circulatory
48%
Circulatory
36%
考官范文
The pie charts, released by Health Canada, Medical Services Branch, unfold a clear
presentation of selected causes of death as a percentage of all deaths between males and
females, registered Indians and the total population in 1992.
In general, among all the causes of death, except in the males of registered Indians,
no matter whether in females of registered Indians or in the total population, circulatory
cause contributes to the most deaths（from 27% to 48%）, while infectious disease
accounts for the least number of deaths either in men or in women.
Among the males of registered Indians, the leading cause of death is injuries, as
high as 33%. And other causes（24%），circulatory（22%），neoplasms（12%），and
respiratory（7%）lie between injury causes and infection causes. While among the
females of registered Indians, circulatory cause（27%）and other causes（27%）rank
the number 1 of death causes. And injuries（18%），neoplasms（16%），respiratory
（10%），and infection（2%）makes up the rest of the causes of death.
312
On the other hand, as for the death causes among the total population, things
are generally similar but with differences as well. Circulatory is the No. 1 cause of
death either in men or in women, reaching as high as 36% and 48% respectively.
Neoplasms come in the second place, men 29% and women 32%. And the rest of the
mentioned causes just comprise a minor proportion of all whether for males or for
females.
范文译文
由加拿大医疗服务机构发布的饼图清楚显示了 1992 年登记的印第安人和总人口中男
性和女性的几个致死原因在所有死亡原因中所占的比例。
一般来说，在所有致死的原因中，除了登记的印第安男性外，无论是登记的印第安女
性还是总人口中的女性，循环系统疾病是造成大多数死亡的原因（从 27% 至 48%），而无
论对于男性还是女性来说，传染病的致死率都是最低的。
在登记的印第安男性中，主要的死亡原因是受伤，高达 33%。介于受伤和传染病之间
的有其他死亡原因（24%）、循环系统疾病（22%）、肿瘤（12%）和呼吸系统疾病（7%）。
在登记的印第安女性中，循环系统疾病（27%）和其他原因（27%）排在死亡原因的第一位。
而受伤（18%）、肿瘤（16%）、呼吸系统疾病（10%）和传染病（2%）是其他导致死亡的
原因。
另一方面，总人口的死亡原因大致相同，但是也有一些差异。无论对于男性还是女
性来说，循环系统疾病都是第一大致死原因，分别高达 36% 和 48%。肿瘤排在了第二位，
男性为 29%，女性为 32%。无论对于男性还是女性来说，其他提及的死亡原因都只占一
小部分。
万能句型
1. 开头段句型
The pie charts, released by Health Canada, Medical Services Branch, unfold
a clear presentation of selected causes of death as a percentage of all deaths
between males and females, registered Indians and the total population in
1992.
（1）In general, among all the causes of death, except in the males of registered
Indians, no matter whether in females of registered Indians or in the total
population, circulatory cause contributes to the most deaths（from 27% to
48%）, while infectious disease accounts for the least number of deaths
either in men or in women.
313
（2）Among the males of registered Indians, the leading cause of death is injuries,
as high as 33%.
（3）While among the females of registered Indians, circulatory cause（27%）and
other causes（27%）rank the number 1 of death causes.
（4）Circulatory is the No. 1 cause of death either in men or in women, reaching
as high as 36% and 48% respectively.
（1）A nd other causes (24%), circulatory (22%), neoplasms (12%), and
respiratory (7%), lie between injury causes and infection causes.
（2）And injuries (18%), neoplasms (16%), respiratory (10%), and infection
(2%), makes up the rest of the causes of death.
（3）Neoplasms come in the second place, men 29% and women 32%.
On the other hand, as for the death causes among the total population, things
are generally similar but with differences as well.
And the rest of the mentioned causes just comprise a minor proportion of all
whether for males or for females.
第五节流程图
Test 1
——户外取水
WRITING TASK 1
The diagram below shows the method of obtaining water outdoors.

Using the information in the diagram, write a description of the process. You may use
your own knowledge and experience in addition to the diagram.
考题解释
下面的图表显示了户外取水的方法。
用图表中给出的信息，描述这个过程。除了图表以外，你还可以用你的知识和经验。
314
sheet of
plastic
stones
green plants
container
考官范文
The picture displays the process of obtaining water outdoors.
As can be seen in the picture, in order to obtain water outdoors, we need some
green plants, a sheet of transparent plastic, some stones, and a container to fill water.
The first step of obtaining water outdoors is to dig a pit. It needs not to be deep nor
too shallow. It should be easy for sunshine to go in. After that, put the container in the
centre of the pit. Then put the green plants around the container. Lastly, cover the pit
with the plastic sheet. What we still need to do is to put stones around the plastic sheet
and put one stone in the centre of the plastic, which makes the middle part also the
lowest part.
When the sun shines through the plastic sheet on the green plants in the pit, the
water in the green plants vaporises and becomes water again as the steam meets the
plastic sheet. When there is more and more water beneath the sheet, it accumulates on
the lowest part and finally drops into the container.
Thus, through all of the steps mentioned above, we collect water successfully.
范文译文
图表显示了户外取水的过程。
从图上可以看出，为了实现户外取水，我们需要一些绿色植物，一张透明的塑料膜，
一些石块和一个装水的容器。取水的第一步是挖一个坑。坑不需要太深，但也不能太浅。
它应该能很容易让阳光照入。之后，将容器放进坑的中间，再将绿色植物放在容器周围。
最后，用塑料膜盖住坑。我们还要将石块放在塑料膜四周，并且在塑料膜中间放一个石块，
这使得中间部分也是最低的部分。
315
当阳光透过塑料膜照在坑里的绿色植物上时，绿色植物里的水分被蒸发，当水蒸气遇
到塑料膜时就会又变成水。当塑料膜下的水越来越多的时候，就会积聚在最低的部分，最
后滴到容器里。
因此，通过上面提到的所有步骤，我们成功地收集到了水。
万能句型
1. 开头段句型
The picture displays the process of obtaining water outdoors.
2. 描述具体步骤的句型
（1）As can be seen in the picture, in order to obtain water outdoors, we need
some green plants, a sheet of transparent plastic, some stones, and a container
to fill water.
（2）The first step of obtaining water outdoors is to dig a pit. It needs not to be
deep nor too shallow. It should be easy for sunshine to go in.
（3）After that, put the container in the centre of the pit.
（4）Then put the green plants around the container.
（5）Lastly, cover the pit with the plastic sheet.
（6）What we still need to do is to put stones around the plastic sheet and put
one stone in the centre of the plastic, which makes the middle part also the
lowest part.
（7）When the sun shines through the plastic sheet on the green plants in the pit,
the water in the green plants vaporises and becomes water again as the steam
meets the plastic sheet.
（8）When there is more and more water beneath the sheet, it accumulates on the
lowest part and finally drops into the container.
3. 结尾段句型
Thus, through all of the steps mentioned above, we collect water successfully.
Test 2
——砖的生产过程
WRITING TASK 1
The diagram below shows the process by which bricks are manufactured for the building
industry.
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Brick manufacturing
sand + water
digger
metal
grid wire cutter
bricks
or
clay* roller mould
cooling
chamber kiln kiln drying oven

4872 hours high moderate 24 - 48 hours

870č1,300č 200č980č
delivery
packaging
* clay: type of sticky earth that is used for making bricks, pots, etc.
考题解释
下图显示了用于建筑行业的砖块的制造过程。
通过选择和报告图中的主要特征对信息进行概括，并在相关的地方进行对比。
考官范文
As can be seen from the picture, the process by which bricks are manufactured for
the building industry can be outlined in several consecutive steps.
Firstly, the raw material, clay, which was just below the surface of soil in certain clay-
rich areas, has to be dug up by a digger. Then the lumps of clay are placed on a metal
grid in order to break up the big chunks of clay into much smaller pieces, which fall
through the metal grid onto a roller, whose motion further segregates the bits of clay.
After that, sand and water are added to make a homogenous mixture, which is then
either formed in moulds or cut into brick-shaped pieces by means of a wire cutter.
317
Those fresh bricks are then kept in a drying oven for at least 24 to a maximum of
48 hours, several dozens if not hundreds of bricks at a time. The dried bricks are then
transferred to a so-called kiln, another type of high temperature oven. In kilns, they are
firstly kept at a moderate temperature of 200℃ to 980℃ and then at a high temperature
of 870℃ to 1,300℃ . This process is followed by cooling down the finished bricks for 48
to 72 hours in a cooling chamber.
Once the bricks have cooled down and have become hard, they get packaged and
delivered to their final destination, be it a building site or storage.
范文译文
从图上可以看出，用于建筑行业的砖块的制造过程可以概述为几个连续的步骤。
首先是原材料，黏土，必须用挖掘机在土壤表面以下特定的富含黏土层的区域进行挖
掘。然后，黏土块被放在一个金属网格上，以便把大块的黏土分解成小块，小块的黏土通
过金属网格掉落在碾轧机上，它的转动进一步将土块分解得更小。然后加入沙子和水，形
成同质混合物，之后通过模具或剪钳制作成砖块的形状。
然后，这些刚制出的砖块至少要在烘干炉里放置 24 小时，最大上限为 48 小时，如

果一次不是放上百块砖，也有几十块。烘干的砖块随后被转移到所谓的窑中，这是另一种
类型的高温炉。在窑中，刚开始保持适中的温度，为 200℃至 980℃，之后升至 870℃至
1 300℃的高温。紧接这个步骤之后，要将成品砖在冷却室冷却 48 ～ 72 小时。
砖块一旦冷却变得坚硬后，就会被装好送往最终目的地，建筑工地或储藏仓库。
万能句型
1. 开头段句型
As can be seen from the picture, the process by which bricks are manufactured
for the building industry can be outlined in several consecutive steps.
（1）Firstly, the raw material, clay, which was just below the surface of soil in
certain clay-rich areas, has to be dug up by a digger.
（2）Then the lumps of clay are placed on a metal grid in order to break up the big
chunks of clay into much smaller pieces, which fall through the metal grid onto
a roller, whose motion further segregates the bits of clay.
（3）After that, sand and water are added to make a homogenous mixture, which
is then either formed in moulds or cut into brick-shaped pieces by means of a
wire cutter.
Those fresh bricks are then kept in a drying oven for at least 24 to a maximum
（4）
of 48 hours, several dozens if not hundreds of bricks at a time.
318
（5） The dried bricks are then transferred to a so-called kiln, another type of high
temperature oven.
（6） In kilns, they are firstly kept at a moderate temperature of 200℃ to 980℃ and
then at a high temperature of 870℃ to 1,300℃.
（7） This process is followed by cooling down the finished bricks for 48 to 72 hours
in a cooling chamber.
（8） Once the bricks have cooled down and have become hard, they get packaged
and delivered to their final destination, be it a building site or storage.
Test 3
——黄石公园植树造林
WRITING TASK 1
The flow chart is about the replantation of trees in Yellowstone National Park after the
fire disaster.
Using the information in the diagram, write a description of the cycle. You may use your
own knowledge and experience in addition to the diagram.
lightning & fire
soil & dead wood
50150 years 050 years
150300 years 300+ years
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考题解释
这个流程图是关于黄石国家公园火灾后的树木再植情况的。
用图表中给出的信息，描述这个过程。除了图表以外，你还可以应用你的知识和经验。
考官范文
This flow chart describes how the trees in Yellowstone Park are replanted. The
method is very scientific and needs a long time of more than 300 years.
As can be seen in the picture, after the lightning and fire, most of the trees are
destroyed and become dead wood. And dead wood gradually decomposes into soil.
Then saplings are planted in the area of disaster immediately. In the next 50 years, the
young trees grow slowly and absorb the nutrients of the dead wood and other in the
soil.
Over the next 100 years, with the reproduction of trees, the area of trees expands
extensively. Throughout the next 150 to 300 years, the forest will become thicker and
the trees higher.
After the next 300 years, most of the trees grow mature. Some of them are cut down
gradually to make others grow better. Then the new forest is just like the forest which
was destroyed by lightning and fire 300 years ago.
范文译文
这个流程图描述了黄石国家公园的树是如何被再植的。这个方法非常科学，但是需要
300 多年的漫长时间。
从图上可以看出，雷电和火灾之后，大多数的树木被毁掉了，变成了枯木。枯木逐渐
分解成为泥土。然后，树苗就立即被种植在灾难区域了。在接下来的 50 年里，小树苗会
慢慢长大，并且吸收枯木和土壤中的其他营养。
在接下来的 100 年的时间里，随着树木的繁殖，树的面积会大面积增加。在接下来的

整个 150 ～ 300 年，森林会变得更浓密，树木会变得更高。
300 年之后，大多数的树木成材了。它们当中的一些被逐渐砍掉，以使其他的树木生
长得更好。然后，新的森林就像被 300 年前的雷电和大火毁掉的那片森林一样了。
万能句型
1. 开头段句型
This flow chart describes how the trees in Yellowstone Park are replanted.
（1）As can be seen in the picture, after the lightning and fire, most of the trees
320
are destroyed and become dead wood.

（2）And dead wood gradually decomposes into soil.
（3）Then saplings are planted in the area of disaster immediately. In the next 50
years, the young trees grow slowly and absorb the nutrients of the dead wood
and others in the soil.
（4）Over the next 100 years, with the reproduction of trees, the area of trees
expands extensively.
（5）Throughout the next 150 to 300 years, the forest will become thicker and
the trees higher.
（6）After the next 300 years, most of the trees grow mature. Some of them are
cut down gradually to make others grow better.
（7）Then the new forest is just like the forest which was destroyed by lightning and
fire 300 years ago.
Test 4
——蚕的生命周期和蚕丝的制作过程
WRITING TASK 1
The diagrams below show the life cycle of the silkworm and stages in the production of
silk cloth.
Life cycle of the silkworm

ŗ
mulberry leaf
10 days
(food) silkworm
larva
4-6 weeks Ŗ
silk thread
larva eggs
Ř cocoon moth
ř
3-8 days
16 days
Production of silk cloth
Select 321
larva eggs
Ř cocoon moth
ř
3-8 days
16 days
Production of silk cloth
Select
Boil water
300900 meters
Unwind thread
Twist
dye
Weave
考题解释
下图显示了蚕的生命周期以及丝绸的生产阶段。
通过选择和报告图中的主要特征对信息进行概括，并在相关的地方进行对比。
考官范文
The diagrams demonstrate four main stages of the life of the silkworm and stages in
the production of silk cloth.
As is displayed in the first diagram, the life cycle of the silkworm can be categorised
into four main stages. First, the life of the silkworm starts from eggs propagated by
the moth, and it takes 10 days for each egg to become a silkworm larva that feeds
on mulberry leaves. The silkworm larva continues growing for 4 to 6 weeks before
wrapping itself up with silk thread and spins to construct a cocoon for the next 3 to 8
days. It turns into a moth inside the cocoon in 16 days. The life cycle begins again from
then on.
Focusing on the second diagram, it illustrates the five main steps of the procedure
of producing silk cloth. Good cocoons will be selected first. Before the silk thread
can be unwound, cocoons have to be boiled in hot water. One cocoon can produce
approximately 300 to 900 meters of silk thread. The unwound thread will be dyed
afterwards and then used to produce cloth in the weaving stage.
Overall, the diagrams show the life cycle of the silkworm and how cocoons can be
used to produce silk cloth through a very simple process.
范文译文
图画显示了蚕的一生经历的四个主要阶段以及丝绸的生产过程。
322
正如第一个图所显示的，蚕的生命周期可以分为四个主要阶段。首先，蚕的生命始于
飞蛾繁殖的卵，每一卵要花 10 天的时间变成蚕幼虫，蚕幼虫用桑叶喂养。蚕幼虫继续成
长 4 ～ 6 周，就会用丝线包裹住自己，在接下来的 3 ～ 8 天的时间里形成蚕茧。16 天后
蚕茧中会生出飞蛾。生命周期又自此开始。
第二个图主要说明了丝绸生产的五大步骤。首先要选择好的蚕茧。在抽取丝线前，必
须在热水中煮蚕茧。一个蚕茧能够生产出大约 300 米～ 900 米的丝线。抽出的丝线经过
染色之后，再用它来织布，生产布料。
总体而言，图表显示了蚕的生命周期以及如何通过一个非常简单的过程来把蚕茧制成
丝绸的。
万能句型
1. 开头段句型
The diagrams demonstrate four main stages of the life of the silkworm and
stages in the production of silk cloth.
（1）As is displayed in the first diagram, the life cycle of the silkworm can be
categorised into four main stages.
（2）First, the life of the silkworm starts from eggs propagated by the moth, and it
takes 10 days for each egg to become a silkworm larva that feeds on mulberry
leaves.
（3）The silkworm larva continues growing in 4 to 6 weeks before wrapping itself
up with silk thread and spins to construct a cocoon in the next 3 to 8 days.
（4）It turns into a moth inside the cocoon in 16 days. The life cycle begins again
from then on.
（5）Focusing on the second diagram, it illustrates the five main steps of the
procedure of producing silk cloth.
（6）Good cocoons will be selected first. Before the silk thread can be unwound,
cocoons have to be boiled in hot water.
（7）One cocoon can produce approximately 300 to 900 meters of silk thread. The
unwound thread will be dyed afterwards and then used to produce cloth in
the weaving stage.
3. 结尾段句型
Overall, the diagrams show the life cycle of the silkworm and how cocoons can
be used to produce silk cloth through a very simple process.
323
习 ——
践演 6套
实
真题
部分 1 4 年
第三 20
Test 1 2014 年 1 月 9 日考题及考官范文
WRITING TASK 1
The table below shows information about age, average income per person and the percent
of population below poverty line in three states in USA in 2000.
California Utah Florida
Persons under 18 years old 27% 33% 21%
Persons over 60 years old 10% 8% 19%
Average income per person $20,711 $18,185 $20,557
Percent of population below poverty

14% 9% 12%
line
考官范文
The table presents data about the proportions of people under 18 years old and
those aged over 60 in California, Utah and Florida, as well as their average income and
the percentage of the population who are very poor in 2000.
The residents at the age under 18 in California, Utah and Florida all took up
more than 20%. In comparison, elderly people, over 60 years old, accounted for much
smaller part of the population in the same states, all below 20%. Among them, Utah was
the state which accommodated the largest percentage of young adults (33%) and the
smallest of the elderly (8%) at the same time.
As for the income level in 2000, California and Florida did not reveal any obvious
gap, both above $20,000, while Utah showed a lower level at $18,185. However, it is
strange that poverty percentages in these states were disproportionate to their income
327
level, with 14% and 12% of poor people in California and Florida respectively, in contrast
to only 9% in Utah.
Overall, from the table, we can see that Utah was a different state from California
and Florida, with more young people and fewer elderly ones than the other two. And
although people there earned less, they did not suffer much from poverty meanwhile.
WRITING TASK 2

The best way for the government to solve the traffic congestion problems in cities is to
provide free transport 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
考官范文
With the process of urbanisation and the wide use of private cars, traffic jams
have long been an annoying problem in large cities. Some people suggest that the best
solution to this problem is free public transport around the clock.
At the first glance, this proposal sounds reasonable and constructive. Free travel
would certainly attract more people to take public transports. And prolonged operation
of public transportation can also provide convenience for those who travel in early
morning or late at night. Therefore the number of cars and taxis on the streets is
expected to reduce to some extent.
However, round-the-clock free public transportation has its own drawbacks. The
first and most obvious obstacle lies in finance because it will impose a huge economic
stress on the government. Ranging from the salaries of bus drivers to the petrol price, all
the expenses will be supported by the limited tax revenue. Therefore, it is impossible for
the government to do so in the long run. Another defect is the inconvenience of public
transport, such as underground railways and light rails, which can not provide door-to-
door service. So even if they are charged no fare, elderly or disabled people would not
consider such options. In addition, public transport is relatively slow in speed, especially
328
第三部分实践演习——2014年真题6套
the bus, which prevents people from choosing it in case of emergency.
After pondering this question on many occasions, I have finally reached the
conclusion that this practice is by no means the most effective way to ease traffic
pressure. In fact, tackling this challenge requires diverse approaches instead of a single
crazy one, such as the improvement of road infrastructures, which can ensure the
smooth flow of various vehicles to a large extent.
WRITING TASK 1
The chart below shows the process of glass recycling.

STAGE 1 STAGE 2
Collection point
Cleaning plant
STAGE 3
High-pressure water
CUSTOMER
Brown
Green
Clear
SUPERMARKET
Furnace
Recycled
liquid glass
MOULD
New
liquid glass
Recycling plant
329
考官范文
The flow chart illustrates how glass is recycled and we can see that the whole
process consists of three successive stages.
In the first period, waste glasses in various forms are gathered at a collection point
and then transported by truck to a cleaning plant.
In the processing stage, there are several steps to take. Firstly, at the cleaning
plant, the dirty glass products should be washed by clean water. Next they are classified
according to their colours, namely brown, green or clear. After the period of cleaning
and classification, they are transferred to a recycling plant where they are heated and
mixed with new liquid glass in a furnace at an extremely high temperature. Then the
mixture is poured into a mould to be reshaped. After the liquid get cool, new bottles are
produced and packed carefully in boxes.
In the third stage, the packed glasses in different shapes are delivered to
supermarkets for sale. After this final step, we finish the whole process of recycling.
WRITING TASK 2

Many young people choose to change their job after a few years’ work. What do you think
are the reasons?
Do the disadvantages overweigh the advantages?
考官范文
Nowadays there is an apparent phenomenon that many young people tend to
choose a new job after a few years’ work for a company or an organisation. In my
opinion, there are several reasons for this trend and the influences are also multiple.
The reasons can be ascribed to young people’s consideration of self-development

and the availability of more suitable and better job opportunities. Specifically, on the one
hand, changing jobs may be part of one’s career plan. For instance, a great number of
young people have no idea about what sort of job is suitable for them upon graduation
330
from a university. In other words, only after they have worked for a period of time
can they make wise career choices according to their personality and preferences.
Meanwhile, with the rapid development of economy, a great variety of positions are
available, making it possible for the youth to make a new choice.
The mobility of workforce does have its advantages. For one thing, if young people
have full freedom in job-hunting, they are more likely to find jobs that suit their interest
and strong points. As a result, they would show more passion and motivation in their
work, which make it easier for them to succeed in their careers. For another, due to the
flow of talents, enterprises are allowed to freely make their selection in the employment
market according to their specific needs.
However, a series of conflicts can also arise from frequent job-changing. The
main issues may include brain drains of original companies and the outflow of core
information, which can bring about some negative consequences to the development of
economy.
In conclusion, although there some drawbacks, now we are entering a new era,
full of opportunities and innovative ideas and the quality of citizens has been improved
greatly. So the flow of talents has turned out to be an inevitable trend and young people
should be encouraged to choose their favorite jobs with more freedom.
WRITING TASK 1
The line graph shows the average price of tickets at a theater and the bar chart displays
the average percentage of tickets sold in 2010 and 2011.
331
Average price of tickets $

10.6
10.4
10.2
10
9.9
9.6
9.4 average price of tickets $
9.2
9
8.8
8.6
2010 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Average percentage of tickets sold

140%
120%
100%
80%
60% average percentage of tickets sold
40%
20%
0%
2010 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
考官范文
The upper line chart displays information about the average price of tickets sold at
a theater and the bar chart underneath shows the average percentage of tickets sold in
the same two years, 2010 and 2011.
As can be seen from the line chart, the price leveled off at just above $9.2 during the
first quarter of 2010. However, during the next three months, there was a drastic rise,
reaching $10.5 in early July, when it reached a peak. Then in the following six months,
the situation remained stable at this level. But at the beginning of 2011, the price
declined gradually and in the middle of April the figure is $10.2. After that time, the
average price increased again and in July it recovered to $10.5. From then on, the price
remained constant for the rest of the period.
It is also manifest from the bar chart that the average proportion of tickets sold
fluctuated during this period. To be more specific, it decreased marginally from 55% at the
beginning of 2010 to 53% during the next 6 months. However, the peak (120%) was reached
after a massive rise over a period of 3 months until 2011, when it bottomed out at 23%.
332
Interestingly, the percentage doubled from June to September. It is also striking to note that
the proportion in the winter of 2011 exceeded that in autumn by almost 60%.
From the above comparison and contrast, it is evident that the prices of the tickets
tend to go down during periods of recession when fewer tickets are sold and vice versa.
WRITING TASK 2

Many children find it is difficult to concentrate or pay attention at school.

What are the causes and the possible solutions to this problem?
考官范文
Compulsory education law has increased the attendance in public schools.
However, unfortunately, many kids have difficulties in focusing themselves in class. In
this essay, I will present several cause of and solutions to this issue.
The most important cause is that classroom noises contribute to the inability of
children to hear the teacher’s voice clearly, which can only aggravate their difficulty
in comprehending instructions from their teachers. The second cause is that school
children nowadays are indulged in so many kinds of electronic products, such as
cell phone, TV and iPad, which drown children in the ocean of images and sounds.
Therefore, it is not surprising that children raised in such an environment tend to have
a short attention span. This problem gets even worse when the contents of lessons are
less stimulating or interesting than what they see on the screens of multimedia.
In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures must be taken before
things get worse. In fact, the problem of noises could be tackled by adopting some
feasible approaches, such as insulating the wall with special material from undesired
sound and providing teachers with high-quality audio devices. In addition, children
should also be restricted on the use of electronic tools while they are studying at school
so that they would not be disturbed. At the same time, teachers should also try their best
333
to make their lessons more interesting and inspiring, which will definitely attract the
attention of students.
In short, this disturbing problem is attributed to many factors and I believe only
with the joint efforts from teachers, students and parents, can it be eventually resolved
and I believe any effort to improve this situation is likely to be of great benefit to all
children.
WRITING TASK 1
The following table shows the income and expenditure of City Hall in a three-year period.
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Income Room for hire ￡27,000 ￡30,000 ￡31,000
Funded by city council ￡47,000 ￡44,000 ￡41,000
Funded by other bodies ￡0 ￡5,000 ￡14,000
Income in Total ￡74,000 ￡79,000 ￡85,000
Expenditure ￡74,000 ￡75,000 ￡78,000

(Including maintenance, etc)
Income minus Expenditure ￡0 ￡4,000 ￡8,000
考官范文
As we can see, the balance sheet of City Hall reveals its income and expenditure
statuses during a period of three years.
The revenue of City Hall included three categories: rent, funding from city council
334
and donation from other organisations. Its total amount increased continually by about
five to six thousand pounds every year from ￡74,000 (Year 1) to ￡85,000 (Year 3) .
Specifically, although ranked the first, the income provided by city council
decreased by ￡3,000 annually from ￡47,000 to ￡41,000. By contrast, the amount
from other two sources grew consistently at different rates. The revenue from renting
rooms increased steadily from ￡27,000 to ￡31,000, while the money from other bodies
soared from ￡0 to ￡5,000 during the first two years, and almost tripled in Year 3.
As to the expenditure, including maintenance, it also increased alongside by a total

amount of ￡4,000 from ￡74,000 to ￡78,000. But because the growth rate of costs was
lower than that of revenue, the net income (income minus expenditure) still doubled
every year from ￡0 to ￡8,000.
In conclusion, indicated by its growing net profit, the operation of City Hall showed
a positive trend within three years.
WRITING TASK 2

It is important that towns and cities be attractive, so money should spend on works of art
(like paintings and statues) in public places.
考官范文
To appeal to visitors and locals alike, towns and cities should furnish public places
with such works of art as paintings and sculptures at the expense of the government.
But I can hardly share this point of view.
Admittedly, spending money on works of art in cities has its own rationality. It is
undeniable that art works do help regions to be appealing. Art forms can add to the
335
beauty of local environment, which can doubtlessly produce an effective visual impact
on visitors and local residents as well. However, after careful consideration, I am
convinced that the more reasonable and practical way to strengthen urban attraction lies
in the improvement of housing conditions, environment and civil facilities.
To start with, the settlement of housing issues is one of the most important
criteria to evaluate the charm of a city. For instance, in Beijing, the majority of people
without houses tend to lack satisfaction with the city, without any sense of security and
belonging, let alone be attracted by it. Hence, improved housing conditions can be a
vital factor to make the city attractive. In addition, environment is also a key factor for
daily life, and pollution in local areas naturally expels travelers and affects tourism.
Finally, as a governmental responsibility, outstanding public services not only benefit
local residents, but make tourists’ stay more enjoyable.
After pondering this question on many occasions, I have finally reached the
conclusion that governmental investment needs to be partly directed to housing
projects, pollution control and the improvement of public services. Meanwhile, the
government should also create relative systems to add to some artistic atmosphere in
public places to make a city or town more attractive.
WRITING TASK 1
The map below gives information about a college at present and its future plan in 2015
after reconstruction.
336
At present Plan in 2015
garden
footpath entrance shop toilets classroom
lunch classroom lunch classroom

area area
reception classroom
car park classroom classroom
car park
reception
footpath
library library classroom

classroom toilets
bus stop bus stopentrance

Road Road
考官范文
The maps given compare the current layout of a college with its estimated changes
in 2015.
At present, to the north of the rectangular campus there is a garden and along
the west wall a car park is located. Both of them are linked to the school building by
a footpath, while its entrance is in front of the garden. Inside, a lunch area and two
classrooms lie in the western side, while one more classroom, a reception and a library
are in the eastern part. For the southern edge, there are toilets in the middle, and a bus
stop on the southwestern corner, adjacent to a road.
The college in 2015 is expected to demonstrate many differences, including its

extended length, along with which the car park will also expand in size. The garden
and the footpath will vanish while a shop will be introduced inside. Noticeably, the
entrance and the toilets will exchange their places, and the former directly leading to an
oval reception. Likewise, the library of a shrunk size will be moved to the southwestern
corner where a classroom lies now. Along the east wall four classrooms will be located.
To summarise, during the period not only some buildings will be reconstructed in different
places, but more class will be built rooms and the car park be expanded in the college.
WRITING TASK 2

Some people think living in big cities is bad for people’s health.
337
考官范文
In many countries today, big cities seem to be stubbornly appealing to the great
masses of people, along with which there arises the question as for whether living in a
city will damage people’s health. In my opinion, the answer is definitely yes.
Among all problems that plague city dwellers, traffic congestion and air pollution
may be most frequently discussed. Every day, people waste a large amount of time on the
road, getting exhausted and frustrated. Meanwhile, the environment of most major cities
has been severely damaged due to the overly quick industrialisation, posing a threat to
people’s health. It is reported that the high incidence of cancers in some cities is related
to the severe environment pollution. Lastly, high cost of living is another main source of
stress for residents in cities. Due to the ever-rising house price, expensive medical and
tuition fees, young people are compelled to do extra work for more money. Some of
them suffer from heart attacks, which is closely associated with stressful lifestyles.
Nevertheless, it has to be admitted that most big hospitals are usually located in
major cities and the level of medical care there is also advanced. However, unfortunately,
in order to see a doctor, people have to wait in line for hours.
In conclusion, living in major cities threatens both physical and mental health. So I
personally favor small towns and the rural areas where life is simpler; the environment
is cleaner and the space for physical exercises is larger. As a consequence, hospitals are
not so badly needed as those in big cities.
WRITING TASK 1
The flow chart below compares three methods to recruit new employees.
338

Method 1 Method 2
Advertisement within Company Advertisement in the Press
Shortlist Shortlist
Interview Interview Test
Job Offer Job Offer

Method 3
External Recruitment Agency
Advertisement by Agency Search by Headhunter
Shortlist Presented by Employer
Interview
Job Offer
考官范文
The flow chart shows the comparisons of three approaches of finding new staff for a
company.
The first method used in recruiting a suitable person is to publish relevant job
information within the company. Qualified workers would be seen on the list of
candidates, and then enter the next step of being interviewed by HR or managers. Those
who are suitable could receive a job offer soon.
The second way is to place recruitment advertisements in newspapers. Similarly, the

names of eligible ones could be added to the shortlist, and these applicants are divided
into two groups. People in the first group would be interviewed directly while the
second group would have to take a test. In the end, candidates who score high in the
exam and those pass the interview would get the job advertised in media.
Lastly, the company would resort to recruitment agencies for talents. The agencies
not only advertise the recruitment, but also cooperate with headhunters. The following
steps are similar to the first approach.
To conclude, these three methods are quite simple and similar in order to find
339
qualified employees for the company, but the first one may save more time and money
and the last one may seek out more able persons.
WRITING TASK 2

Some people think young people should be required to have full time education until they
are 18 years old.
考官范文
As society develops, people attach much importance to education. Some people
hold the opinion that students aged under 18 should receive compulsory full-time
education. From my point of view, I totally agree with this statement and the reasons are
presented below.
In the first place, the main task for young people is to acquire knowledge in various
subjects. Some students successfully put what they have learned into practice in later
jobs and achieve remarkable accomplishment. Even though the success is made after
graduation, we cannot ignore the fact that full-time education plays a significant role by
laying a solid foundation for further career development.
It might also be noted that there are more qualities than knowledge that contribute
to a person’s success. These qualities, such as independence, social skills and morality,
can also be fully developed in school. When studying on campus, young adults learn
to deal with problems in daily life without relying on parents, which enhances their
independence. Sharing a dormitory with roommates helps to foster children’s social
skills, teaching them how to cooperate with their peers.
Admittedly, there are many stories of famous people who demonstrate that one
can make great success without receiving formal education when they are young. For
example, Bill Gates and Steve Jobs both dropped out of university but became very
successful later. However, individual cases cannot prove that compulsory education is
340
meaningless to the young generations.
To sum up, success requires multiple qualities that can be obtained through
various ways, of which the most important one is formal higher education, so I firmly
believe that school-age young adults should never lose the chance of receiving full-time
education.
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——写作(学术类)

· · Ⅰ.·①雅…· Ⅱ.·①刘…·Ⅲ.·①IELTS–写作–自学参考资料· Ⅳ.·①H310.41

· · 中国版本图书馆 CIP 数据核字（2014）第 086910 号

考试日期 原题重现 考试日期 原题重现

2013年4月6日 2009年5月21日 2013年7月18日 2007年3月31日

2013年4月18日 2010年9月11日 2013年7月27日 2011年4月28日

2013年4月27日 2009年5月9日 2013年8月3日 2013年4月13日

2013年5月11日 2010年8月14日 2013年8月24日 2008年7月24日

2013年5月16日 2011年6月25日 2013年10月10日 2007年11月24日

2013年6月15日 2009年10月8日 2013年10月12日 2008年10月25日

考试日期 类似考题 考试日期 类似考题

2014年1月11日 2010年6月19日 2013年6月6日 2007年8月25日

2014年1月18日 2009年4月25日 2013年6月8日 2013年12月12日

2014年1月25日 2009年5月30日 2013年7月13日 2008年11月8日

2014年2月1日 2013年9月21日 2013年9月28日 2007年8月16日

2014年2月13日 2012年7月28日 2013年11月16日 2011年3月5日

2014年2月15日 2013年1月10日 2013年11月21日 2006年8月12日

2014年2月22日 2013年8月17日 2013年12月7日 2011年2月12日

2014年3月1日 2013年5月11日 2013年12月14日 2010年7月17日

2013年4月18日 2010年9月11日 2013年12月21日 2008年3月29日

通过以上对 2013 年和 2014 年雅思考试写作题目的分析可知，在准备雅思

考试日期 原题重现 考试日期 原题重现

2013年1月12日 2005年4月2日 2012年5月19日 2005年2月5日

2013年1月19日 2009年9月12日 2012年6月14日 2005年12月10日

2013年2月16日 2012年5月12日 2012年7月7日 2005年11月19日

2013年3月2日 2010年5月15日 2012年7月12日 2006年7月22日

2013年3月9日 2007年9月1日 2012年8月11日 2006年3月11日

2013年3月14日 2005年12月17日 2012年11月3日 2008年10月4日

2013年3月23日 2010年2月27日 2012年11月24日 2007年3月10日

2012年5月10日 2007年4月21日 2012年12月6日 2009年12月5日

考试日期 类似考题 考试日期 类似考题

2013年2月2日 2008年1月10日 2012年6月9日 2012年3月17日

2013年2月14日 2011年11月19日 2012年6月30日 2005年3月19日

2013年2月23日 2011年11月5日 2012年7月28日 2012年5月26日

2012年1月12日 2010年12月4日 2012年8月9日 2010年9月4日

2012年1月14日 2007年1月13日 2012年9月6日 2010年7月31日

2012年2月4日 2010年5月20日 2012年9月15日 2009年7月4日

2012年2月9日 2012年1月7日 2012年10月11日 2012年9月22日

2012年2月18日 2010年2月27日 2012年10月13日 2006年8月25日

考试日期 类似考题 考试日期 类似考题

2012年3月10日 2010年3月6日 2012年11月17日 2009年8月29日

2012年4月12日 2011年3月12日 2012年12月1日 2011年3月19日

通过以上对 2012—2013 年雅思考试写作题目的分析可知，在准备雅思写作

Day 1 第一章 雅思写作学术类考试概述· ······················································ 3

Day 2-4 第二章 议论文···························································································· 9

Day 5 第三章 图表作文· ···················································································· 89

2013 年 8 月 29 日考题······································································ 103

2012 年 4 月 21 日考题······································································ 186

2011 年 2 月 26 日考题······································································· 259

Day 17-21 第二章 图表作文 20 篇········································································ 276

Test 1 2014 年 1 月 9 日考题及考官范文·········································· 327

则可以忽略。在字数方面，考生应保证至少达到 150 字，否则将会被扣分。字数多于 150

Do you think its advantages outweigh its disadvantages?

TF: Task Fulfillment 任务完成情况

CC: Coherence and Cohesion 连贯与衔接

VSS: Vocabulary and Sentence Structure 词汇和句子结构

表示转折：however, whereas, while, on the contrary, in contrast, on the other hand

the causes and the possible solutions to this problem?

（10） I am convinced that .

下面请看 2011 年 4 月 28 日雅思写作学术类议论文的题目：

个人权利：human rights being laid more emphasis on

（4）They are ugly and childish.

（2）They are supported by the medical profession.

（3）It is conveniently read.

考试日期原题重现考试日期原题重现

考试日期类似考题考试日期类似考题

考试日期原题重现考试日期原题重现

考试日期类似考题考试日期类似考题

考试日期类似考题考试日期类似考题

Day 1 第一章雅思写作学术类考试概述· ······················································ 3

Day 2-4 第二章议论文···························································································· 9

Day 5 第三章图表作文· ···················································································· 89

Day 17-21 第二章图表作文 20 篇········································································ 276

　（4）They are ugly and childish.

　（2）They are supported by the medical profession.

　（3）It is conveniently read.

第二段理由段理由段是文章的主体部分，有两种写法：

第二段理由段理由段是文章的主体部分，有两种写法：

6）It is obvious that B cannot compete with A in , but B still possesses

第二段一方观点（缺点）指出其中一方的观点（缺点）及2～3条理由。

第二段优点分析段落中心句→ 第一个优点→ 第二个优点

第三段缺点分析段落中心句→（第一个缺点 + 举例）→ 第二个缺点

第二段积极的方面段落中心句→（第一个理由 + 举例）→ 第二个理由

第三段消极的方面段落中心句→ 第一个理由→ 第二个理由

第二段优点段段落中心句→ 第一个优点→ 第二个优点→ 第三个优点

开头段转述题目背景→ 转述题目→ 自己的观点→ 引起下文

第二段分析段段落中心句→ 支持句

第三段分析段段落中心句→ 第一个例子→ 第二个例子

第四段让步段让步句→ 例子→ 支持句→ 转折句

结尾段总结全文总结全文→ 再次强调自己的观点→ 建议要采取的措施

开头段转述题目背景→ 双方观点→ 引起下文

第二段一方观点段落中心句→ 第一个理由→ 第二个理由

第三段另一方观点段落中心句→ 第一个理由→ 第二个理由→ 第三个理由

结尾段自己的观点总结全文→ 自己的观点

开头段转述题目背景→ 双方的观点→ 引起下文

第二段一方观点段落中心句→ 第一个理由→（第二个理由+举例）→第三个

第三段另一方观点段落中心句→ 第一个理由→ 第二个理由→ 第三个理由

结尾段自己的观点总结全文→ 自己的观点