The Mole and Stoichiometry: Multiple Choice Questions

Chapter 3
The Mole and Stoichiometry

Multiple Choice Questions
Section 3.1
Difficulty Level: easy
1. An atom of copper has a mass about four times greater than that of an atom of oxygen. What choice
makes the correct comparison of the relative numbers of copper and oxygen atoms in 1,000 g of
each element?
a. The number of copper and oxygen atoms is the name.

b. There are one thousand times as many copper atoms as oxygen atoms.
c. There are one thousand times as many oxygen atoms as copper atoms.
d. There are four times as many oxygen atoms as copper atoms.
e. There are four times as many copper atoms as oxygen atoms.
Answer: d
Section 3.1
Difficulty Level: medium
2. An atom of sulfur is about four times smaller in mass than an atom of iodine. How many grams of
neon will contain the same number of atoms as 1,000 g of iodine?
a. 4gS
b. 250 g S
c. 400 g S
d. 1,000 g S
e. 4,000 g S
Answer: b
Section 3.1
3. Which of these quantities does not represent 1.00 mol of the indicated substance?
a. 6.02 x 1023 C atoms

b. 26.0 g Fe
c. 12.01 g C
d. 65.4 g Zn
e. 6.02 x 1023 Fe atoms
Answer: b
3-1
Section 3.1
4. If 0.274 moles of a substance weighs 62.5 g, what is the molar mass of the substance, in units of
g/mol?
a. 2.28 x 102 g/mol

b. 1.71 x 101 g/mol
c. 4.38 x 10-3 g/mol
d. 2.17 x 102 g/mol
e. none of these
Answer: a
Section 3.1
5. The atomic mass of C is 12.011 u. How many moles of C are there in a 3.50 g sample of carbon?
a. 0.291 moles
b. 0.374 moles
c. 1.00 moles
d. 3.43 moles
e. 3.50 moles
Answer: a
Section 3.1
6. The atomic mass of Mg is 24.305 u. How many moles of Mg are there in a 3.50 g sample of
magnesium?
a. 0.0182 moles
b. 0.144 moles
c. 0.218 moles
d. 0.226 moles
e. 1.31 ×1023 moles
Answer: b
3-2
Section 3.1
7. The atomic mass of aluminum is 26.982 u . How many moles of Al are there in a 4.56 g sample of
aluminum?
a. 0.169 moles
b. 0.220 moles
c. 1.33 moles
d. 4.55 moles
e. 5.93 moles
Answer: a
Section 3.1
8. The atomic mass of chromium is 51.996 u. How many moles of Cr are there in a 5.44 g sample of
chromium?
a. 0.0875 moles
b. 0.0907 moles
c. 0.105 moles
d. 0.220 moles
e. 2.33 moles
Answer: c
Section 3.1
9. The atomic mass of cobalt is 58.933 u. How many moles of Co are there in a 7.60 g sample of
cobalt?
a. 0.106 moles
b. 0.114 moles
c. 0.123 moles
d. 0.129 moles
e. 7.79 × 1022 moles
Answer: d
3-3
Section 3.1
10. The atomic mass of helium is 4.0026 u. What is the mass of a helium sample that contains 0.427
moles of He gas?
a. 0.427 g
b. 0.107 g
c. 1.71 g
d. 2.57 g
e. 9.37 g
Answer: c
Section 3.1
11. The atomic mass of cobalt is 58.993 u. What is the mass of a cobalt sample that contains 0.763
moles of cobalt?
a. 39.7 g
b. 40.3 g
c. 43.4 g
d. 45.0 g
e. 45.7 g
Answer: d
Section 3.1
12. The atomic mass of boron is 10.811 u. What is the mass of a boron sample that contains 0.585
moles of boron?
a. 0.00541 g
b. 1.80 g
c. 3.52 g
d. 6.32 g
e. 18.5 g
Answer: d
3-4
Section 3.1
13. The atomic mass of phosphorus is 30.974 u. What is the mass of a phosphorus sample that contains
0.585 moles of phosphorus?
a. 17.3 g
b. 18.1 g
c. 22.3 g
d. 26.5 g
e. 34.2 g
Answer: b
Section 3.1
14. The formula mass of Co(NH3)6(ClO4)3 is
a. 318.53 u
b. 389.43 u
c. 402.57 u
d. 459.47 u
e. 754.13 u
Answer: d
Section 3.1
15. The formula mass of C14H28(COOH)2 is
a. 242.40 u
b. 254.41 u
c. 270.41 u
d. 273.39 u
e. 286.41 u
Answer: e
3-5
Section 3.1
16. The formula mass of Ni(H2O)6Cl2 is
a. 157.69 u
b. 193.00 u
c. 227.61 u
d. 237.69 u
e. 296.83 u
Answer: d
Section 3.1
17. The formula mass of (NH4)3PO4 is
a. 116.03 u
b. 121.07 u
c. 149.09 u
d. 155.42 u
e. 242.01 u
Answer: c
Section 3.1
18. The formula mass of (NH4)2SO4 is
a. 84.12 u
b. 116.12 u
c. 118.13 u
d. 132.14 u
e. 221.53 u
Answer: d
3-6
Section 3.1
19. A gas sample contains 16.0 g of CH4, 16.0 g of O2, 16.0 g of SO2, and 33.0 g of CO2. What is the
total number of moles of gas in the sample?
a. 2.25 moles
b. 2.50 moles
c. 2.75 moles
d. 3.00 moles
e. 4.00 moles
Answer: b
Section 3.1
20. The mass of 5.20 moles of glucose, C6H12O6 is
a. 1.56 × 10-21 g
b. 31.2 g
c. 34.7 g
d. 937 g
e. 6.43 × 1020 g
Answer: d
Section 3.1
21. If the atomic mass of gold is 196.9665 u, how many grams of gold are in 0.150 mol Au?
a. 7.62 × 10-4 g
b. 29.5 g
c. 29.54498 g
d. 7.61551 × 10-4 g
e. 0.903 g
Answer: b
3-7
Section 3.1
22. How many atoms of 12C are in a 3.50 g sample of this particular isotope?
a. 1.52 × 1023
b. 1.75 × 1023
c. 2.07 × 1024
d. 2.11 × 1024
e. 8.01 × 1023
Answer: b
Section 3.1
23. The atomic mass of aluminum is 26.982 u. How many aluminum atoms are in a 4.55 g sample of
aluminum?
a. 1.02 × 1023
b. 1.32 × 1023
c. 2.74 × 1024
d. 3.57 × 1024
e. 8.01 × 1023
Answer: a
Section 3.1
24. The atomic mass of neon is 20.1797 u. What is the mass, in grams, of a neon sample which
contains 1.00 × 1020 neon atoms?
a. 1.66 ×10-4 g
b. 2.02 × 10-19 g
c. 298 g
d. 3.35 × 10-3 g
e. 8.33 × 10-6 g
Answer: d
3-8
Section 3.1
25. The atomic mass of magnesium is 24.3050 u. What is the mass, in grams, of a magnesium sample
which contains 3.22 × 1022 magnesium atoms?
a. 1.30 g
b. 12.2 g
c. 1.99 g
d. 5.88 g
e. 7.50 × 10-4 g
Answer: a
Section 3.1
Difficulty Level: hard
26. How many molecules of carbon dioxide are in 154.0 grams of carbon dioxide?
a. 3.499
b. 2.107 × 1024
c. 4.214 × 1024
d. 9.274 × 1025
e. 4.081 × 1027
Answer: b
Section 3.1
27. How many formula units of sodium chloride are in 146 grams of sodium chloride?
a. 3.88 × 10-22
b. 2.29 × 1024
c. 1.50 × 1024
d. 7.27 × 1025
e. 4.08 × 1023
Answer: c
3-9
Section 3.2
28. How many moles of carbon atoms are in 0.145 moles of the compound, C3H8?
a. 2.90 moles
b. 0.435 moles
c. 0.145 moles
d. 6.02  1023 moles
e. 29.9
Answer: b
Section 3.2
29. How many moles of oxygen atoms are in 1.08 moles of Ca(NO3)2?
a. 7.55 moles
b. 1.43 moles
c. 6.48 moles
d. 33.8 moles
e. 1.16  1023 moles
Answer: c
Section 3.2
30. A sample of Ca3(PO4)2 contains 3.51 moles of calcium ions. How many moles of Ca3(PO4)2 are in
that sample?
a. 3.55 moles
b. 0.491 moles
c. 10.5 moles
d. 1.17 moles
e. 3.51  1021 moles
Answer: d
3-10
Section 3.2
31. How many moles of carbon atoms are combined with 11.2 moles of hydrogen atoms in a sample of
the compound, C3H8?
a. 3.00
b. 5.60
c. 4.20
d. 6.02  1023
e. 29.9
Answer: c
Section 3.2
32. A sample of C12H22O11 contains 0.4662 moles of carbon atoms. How many moles of hydrogen
atoms are in the sample?
a. 0.2543 moles
b. 0.4662 moles
c. 10.26 moles
d. 0.8547 moles
e. 0.9324 moles
Answer: d
Section 3.2
33. A sample of HOOCC6H4OH contains 0.6540 moles of hydrogen atoms. How many moles of
carbon atoms are in the sample?
a. 0.6543 moles
b. 6.090 moles
c. 7.015 moles
d. 1.290 moles
e. 0.7630 moles
Answer: e
3-11
Section 3.2
34. A sample of Ni(CO)4, a toxic transition-metal complex, has 5.23 × 1024 atoms of carbon. How many
atoms of Ni does it contain?
a. 6.02 × 1023 atoms

b. 1.50 × 1023 atoms
c. 1/4 atom
d. 20.9 × 1023 atoms
e. 1.31 × 1024 atoms
Answer: e
Section 3.2
35. How many sodium atoms are there in 6.0 g of Na3N??
a. 3.6 × 1024 atoms

b. 4.6 × 1022 atoms
c. 1.3 x 1023 atoms
d. 0.217 atoms
e. 0.072atoms
Answer: c
Section 3.2
36. A sample of K3Fe(CN)6 contains 1.084 × 1024 carbon atoms. How many potassium atoms are in the
sample?
a. 1.084 × 1024 atoms

b. 3.252 × 1024 atoms
c. 2.168 × 1024 atoms
d. 3.613 × 1023 atoms
e. 5.420 × 1023 atoms
Answer: e
3-12
Section 3.2
37. A sample of phosphorus trifluoride, PF3, contains 1.400 moles of the substance. How many atoms
are in the sample?
a. 4
b. 5.6
c. 8.431 × 1023
d. 2.409 × 1024
e. 3.372 × 1024
Answer: e
Section 3.2
38. A sample of arabinose, C5H10O5, contains 0.6000 moles of the substance. How many carbon atoms
are in the sample?
a. 3
b. 5
c. 3.613 × 1023
d. 1.807 × 1024
e. 3.011 × 1024
Answer: d
Section 3.2
39. Which contains the greatest number of carbon atoms?
a. 0.250 moles of glucose, C6H12O6

b. 1.20 moles of carbon dioxide, CO2
c. 0.500 moles of CaC2
d. 0.450 moles of Al2(CO3)3
e. 0.350 moles of C4H8O2S
Answer: a
3-13
Section 3.2
40. Which contains the greatest number of hydrogen atoms?
a. 0.300 moles of ammonia, NH3

b. 0.080 moles of sucrose, C12H22O11
c. 0.500 moles of ethanol, C2H5OH
d. 0.250 moles of glucose, C6H12O6
e. 1.30 moles of water, H2O
Answer: d
Section 3.2
41. A sample of (N2H5)2C3H4O4 contains 1.084 × 1024 carbon atoms. How many moles of hydrogen
atoms are in the same sample?
a. 4.200 moles
b. 4.725 moles
c. 7.000 moles
d. 8.400 moles
e. 2.400 moles
Answer: d
Section 3.2
42. A sample of sulfolane, C4H8O2S, contains 5.00  1024 atoms. How many moles of sulfolane are in
the sample?
a. 0.120 moles
b. 0.554 moles
c. 1.81 moles
d. 8.30 moles
e. 3.33 × 1023 moles
Answer: b
3-14
Section 3.2
43. A sample of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, CHF3O3S, contains 4.62  1023 oxygen atoms. How
many moles of CHF3O3S are there in the sample?
a. 0.256 moles
b. 2.30 moles
c. 0.259 moles
d. 0.767 moles
e. 1.53  1023 moles
Answer: a
Section 3.2
44. A sample of C7H5N3O4 contains 0.4662 moles of carbon atoms. How many nitrogen atoms are
there in the sample?
a. 2.807  1023 atoms

b. 1.203  1023 atoms
c. 4.101  1023 atoms
d. 1.998  1022 atoms
e. 6.551  1023 atoms
Answer: b
Section 3.2
45. How many hydrogen atoms are in 100.00 grams of water (H2O)?
a. 2
b. 200
c. 11.10
d. 6.681  1024
e. 3.340  1024
Answer: d
3-15
Section 3.2
46. How many oxygen atoms are in 3.62 g of fructose, C6H12O6?
a. 1.56  10-21
b. 7.26  1022
c. 3.45  1024
d. 1.95  1023
e. 6.44  1020
Answer: b
Section 3.2
47. How many grams of oxygen are needed to combine with 0.85 g of carbon in chlorophyll,
C55H72MgN4O5?
a. 1.56  10-21 g
b. 0.10 g
c. 0.85 g
d. 1.5 g
e. 6.4 g
Answer: b
Section 3.2
48. How many grams of carbon are required to combine with 1.99 g of oxygen in C2H5OH?
a. 5.99 g
b. 4.99 g
c. 1.99 g
d. 2.99 g
e. 3.99 g
Answer: d
3-16
Section 3.2
49. A sample of C7H5N3O4 has a mass of 7.81 g. What is the mass of oxygen in this sample?
a. 31.2 g
b. 2.56 g
c. 3.20  1023 g
d. 64.0 g
e. 1.75 g
Answer: b
Section 3.3
50. What is the percent, by mass, of calcium in Ca(OCl)2?
a. 28.030%
b. 28.571%
c. 31.562%
d. 43.787%
e. 44.493%
Answer: a
Section 3.3
51. What is the percent, by mass, of chromium in K2CrO4?
a. 26.776 %
b. 31.763 %
c. 40.268 %
d. 42.241 %
e. 51.996 %
Answer: a
3-17
Section 3.3
52. What is the percent, by mass, of tungsten in W(CH3)6?
a. 4.3819 %
b. 26.292 %
c. 67.083 %
d. 28.502 %
e. 35.722 %
Answer: c
Section 3.3
53. What is the percent, by mass, of boron in Al(BF4)3? Use a periodic table to find the atomic masses.
a. 9.501 %
b. 9.385 %
c. 10.152 %
d. 11.285 %
e. 23.713 %
Answer: d
Section 3.3
54. What is the percent, by mass, of oxygen in NiSO47H2O?
a. 14.846 %
b. 39.875 %
c. 43.273 %
d. 49.531 %
e. 62.661 %
Answer: e
3-18
Section 3.3
55. What is the percent, by mass, of nitrogen in NH3?
a. 93.29 %
b. 5.92 %
c. 82.25 %
d. 25.00 %
e. 7.20 %
Answer: c
Section 3.3
56. How many grams of nitrogen are present in 100.0 g of NH3?
a. 93.29 g
b. 5.92 g
c. 82.25 g
d. 25.00 g
e. 7.20 g
Answer: c
Section 3.4
57. Which one of the following is definitely not an empirical formula?
a. C12H16O3
b. C12H22O11
c. C3H8O2
d. C4H12N2O
e. C6H12O4
Answer: e
3-19
Section 3.4
58. Which one of the following is definitely not an empirical formula?
a. NH3
b. N2H4
c. Al(NO3)3
d. H3PO4
e. H2O
Answer: b
Section 3.4
59. A compound was discovered whose composition by mass is 85.6% C and 14.4% H. Which of these
choices could be the molecular formula of this compound?
a. CH4
b. C2H4
c. C3H4
d. C2H6
e. C3H8
Answer: b
Section 3.4
60. A compound has an empirical formula of CH2O. An independent analysis gave a value of 150.13 g
for its molar mass. What is the molecular formula of the compound?
a. C5H10O5
b. C6H12O6
c. C11H2O
d. C6H6O8
e. C9H10O2
Answer: a
3-20
Section 3.4
61. A compound has an empirical formula of C2H4O. An independent analysis gave a value of 132 g
for its molar mass. What is the molecular formula of the compound?
a. C4H4O5
b. C10H12
c. C7O3
d. C6H12O3
e. C4H8O5
Answer: d
Section 3.4
62. A compound has an empirical formula of CH2. An independent analysis gave a value of 70 g for its
molar mass. What is the molecular formula of the compound?
a. C2H4
b. C3H6
c. C4O8
d. C5H10
e. C5H11
Answer: d
Section 3.4
63. A compound has an empirical formula of CH2Cl. An independent analysis gave a value of 99.0 for
its molar mass. What is the molecular formula of the compound?
a. CH2Cl
b. C2H4Cl2
c. C2H2Cl4
d. C3H6Cl3
e. C3H3Cl6
Answer: b
3-21
Section 3.4
64. A compound has an empirical formula of CHCl. An independent analysis gave a value of 194 g for
its molar mass. What is the molecular formula of the compound?
a. CHCl
b. C2H2Cl2
c. C3H3Cl3
d. C4H4Cl4
e. C4H3Cl4
Answer: d
Section 3.4
65. A 7.300 gram sample of aluminum was quantitatively combined with a sample of selenium to form
a compound. The compound weighed 39.35 grams. What is the empirical formula for this
compound?
a. AlSe
b. Al2Se
c. AlSe2
d. Al2Se3
e. Al3Se2
Answer: d
Section 3.4
66. Magnetite is a binary compound containing only iron and oxygen. The percent, by weight, of iron
is 72.360 %. What is the empirical formula of magnetite?
a. FeO
b. FeO2
c. Fe3O4
d. Fe2O3
e. Fe2O5
Answer: c
3-22
Section 3.4
67. A 6.789 g sample of a hydrocarbon, upon combustion analysis, yielded 9.883 grams of carbon
dioxide. The percent, by mass, of carbon in the hydrocarbon is therefore:
a. 18.75 %
b. 39.73 %
c. 68.69 %
d. 45.57 %
e. 34.44 %
Answer: b
Section 3.4
68. The empirical formula for a compound was determined to be C2H3O2. Which of the following
could be the molecular formula for the compound?
a. C2H6O2
b. C4H6O2
c. C3H4O3
d. C6H9O6
e. C8H10O8
Answer: d
Section 3.4
dioxide. The percent, by mass, of carbon in the hydrocarbon is therefore:
a. 16.01 %
b. 23.66 %
c. 32.80 %
d. 34.91 %
e. 58.68 %
Answer: c
3-23
Section 3.4
70. A 4.626 g sample of a hydrocarbon, upon combustion analysis, yielded 6.527 grams of water. The
percent, by mass, of hydrogen in the hydrocarbon is therefore:
a. 14.11 %
b. 15.79 %
c. 41.09 %
d. 66.22 %
e. 85.89 %
Answer: b
Section 3.4
a. 7.44 %
b. 8.62 %
c. 14.88 %
d. 17.24 %
e. 20.07 %
Answer: c
Section 3.4
a. 9.615 %
b. 10.76 %
c. 28.00 %
d. 38.72 %
e. 58.53 %
Answer: b
3-24
Section 3.4
73. A 6.789 g sample of a compound was analyzed for nitrogen. In the procedure, all the nitrogen
present was completely converted to ammonia (NH3). 1.637 grams of ammonia were obtained.
The percent, by mass, of nitrogen in the compound is therefore:
a. 35.57 %
b. 24.11 %
c. 75.89 %
d. 31.77 %
e. 19.83 %
Answer: e
Section 3.4
a. 4.07 %
b. 14.97 %
c. 17.51 %
d. 18.86 %
e. 22.93 %
Answer: d
Section 3.4
a. 27.79 %
b. 38.48 %
c. 22.85 %
d. 61.52 %
e. 36.71 %
Answer: c
3-25
Section 3.4
a. 7.78 %
b. 33.17 %
c. 36.04 %
d. 43.82 %
e. 44.16 %
Answer: c
Section 3.4
77. A 3.06 gram sample of an unknown hydrocarbon with empirical formula CH2O was found to
contain 0.0170 moles of the substance. What are the molecular mass and molecular formula,
respectively, of the compound?
a. 1.80  102 g/mol, C6H12O6

b. 30.1 g/mol, CH2O
c. 5.42  103 g/mol, C30H60O30
d. 3.06 g/mol, CH2O
e. 1.80  102 g/mol, CH2O
Answer: a
Section 3.4
78. A compound contains arsenic and oxygen as its only elements. A 1.626 g sample of the compound
contains 1.060 g of arsenic. What is the empirical formula for the compound?
a. As2O
b. AsO
c. As2O3
d. AsO2
e. As2O5
Answer: e
3-26
Section 3.4
79. A compound contains arsenic and oxygen as its only elements. A 1.626 g sample of the compound
contains 1.232 g of arsenic. What is the empirical formula for the compound?
a. As2O
b. AsO
c. As2O3
d. AsO2
e. As2O5
Answer: c
Section 3.4
80. A compound contains carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen as its only elements. A 9.353 g sample of the
compound contains 5.217 g of carbon and 1.095 g of hydrogen; the remainder is nitrogen. What is
the empirical formula for the compound?
a. C2H5N
b. C3H5N
c. C3H6N
d. C3H7N
e. C4H9N2
Answer: a
Section 3.4
81. A compound contains sodium, boron, and oxygen. An experimental analysis gave values of
53.976 % sodium and 8.461 % boron, by weight; the remainder is oxygen. What is the empirical
formula of the compound?
a. NaBO2
b. Na3BO3
c. Na3BO2
d. NaB3O
e. Na3B3O8
Answer: b
3-27
Section 3.4
82. A compound contains potassium, nitrogen, and oxygen. An experimental analysis gave values of
45.942 % potassium and 16.458 % nitrogen, by weight; the remainder is oxygen. What is the
empirical formula of the compound?
a. KNO2
b. KNO3
c. K2N2O5
d. KN3O8
e. K2N2O
Answer: a
Section 3.4
83. A compound used in a polymer research project contains carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen. The
composition values are: carbon, 58.774%; hydrogen, 13.810%; nitrogen, 27.416%. Determine the
empirical formula of this compound.
a. C3H7N
b. C2H7N
c. C2H8N
d. C5H14N2
e. C7H16N4
Answer: d
Section 3.4
84. A compound contains potassium, sulfur, and oxygen. The composition values are: potassium,
49.410%; sulfur, 20.261%. Determine the empirical formula of this compound.
a. K2SO3
b. K2SO4
c. K2S2O4
d. K2S2O3
e. K3S2O8
Answer: a
3-28
Section 3.4
85. A new compound contains nitrogen, hydrogen, boron, and fluorine. The composition values are:
nitrogen, 13.360%; hydrogen, 3.8455%; boron, 10.312%. Determine its empirical formula.
a. NH3BF3
b. NH4B3F
c. N4HB4F
d. NH4BF4
e. NH3BF4
Answer: d
Section 3.4
86. A freshly prepared compound contains potassium, hydrogen, phosphorus, and oxygen. The
composition values are: potassium, 44.895%; hydrogen, 0.5787%; phosphorus, 17.783%.
Determine the empirical formula of this compound.
a. K2H4P4O
b. K2HPO4
c. K2H2PO4
d. K2HP2O5
e. KH2PO4
Answer: b
Section 3.4
dioxide. The percent, by mass, of carbon in the hydrocarbon is:
a. 38.25 %
b. 19.47 %
c. 71.35 %
d. 40.16 %
e. 42.16 %
Answer: a
3-29
Section 3.4
88. In a quantitative analysis study, 4.624 grams of a hydrocarbon compound yielded 13.84 g of CO2
and 7.556 g of H2O in a combustion analysis apparatus. Determine the empirical formula of the
compound.
a. CH3
b. C2H5
c. C3H8
d. C10H26
e. C10H27
Answer: c
Section 3.4
89. In a quantitative analysis study, 2.644 grams of a hydrocarbon compound yielded 8.008 g of CO2
and 4.098 g of H2O in a combustion analysis apparatus. Determine the empirical formula of the
compound.
a. CH3
b. CH4
c. C2H3
d. C2H5
e. C3H8
Answer: d
Section 3.4
90. In a quantitative analysis study, 4.624 grams of a compound containing carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen yielded 6.557 g of CO2 and 4.026 g of H2O in a combustion analysis apparatus. Determine
the empirical formula of the compound.
a. CH2O
b. CH3O
c. CH4O
d. C2H4O
e. C4H2O
Answer: b
3-30
Section 3.4
91. In a quantitative analysis study, 1.878 grams of a compound containing carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen yielded 3.258 g of CO2 and 1.778 g of H2O in a combustion analysis apparatus. Determine
the empirical formula of the compound.
a. CH2O
b. C2H3O2
c. C3H5O2
d. C3H7O2
e. C3H8O2
Answer: e
Section 3.5
92. Zinc metal reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid to give an aqueous solution of zinc chloride and
hydrogen gas. Select the correct balanced chemical equation for this reaction.
a. Zn(s) + HCl(aq)  3ZnCl(aq) + H2(g)

b. Zn(s) + HCl(g)  ZnCl(aq) + H(g)
c. Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq)  ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
d. 2Zn(s) + 4HCl(aq)  2ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
e. 2Zn(s) + HCl(aq)  2ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
Answer: c
Section 3.5
93. Select the correct balanced chemical equation for the reaction below.
C6H14 + O2  CO2 + H2O
a. 2C6H14 + 9O2  12CO2 + 7H2O

b. 2C6H14 + 19O2  12CO2 + 14H2O
c. 2C6H14 + 12O2  12CO2 + 14H2O
d. 3C6H14 + O2  18CO2 + 22H2O
e. C6H14 + O2  CO2 + H2O
Answer: b
3-31
Section 3.5
94. When BaCl2 reacts with Na3PO4, the products formed are Ba3(PO4)2 and NaCl. How many moles
of Ba3PO4 are formed for each mole of BaCl2 that is consumed?
a. 3
b. 1
c. 0.3333
d. 2.3333
e. 1.5
Answer: c
Section 3.5
95. Given: 3H2(g) + N2(g)  2NH3(g)
If the reaction starts with 0.500 mol of H2, how many atoms of hydrogen in the compound NH3 would
you expect to make?
a. 3.01  1023 atoms

b. 6.02  1023 atoms
c. 12.04  1023 atoms
d. 1 atom
e. 6 atoms
Answer: b
Section 3.5
96. Select the correct balanced chemical equation.
a. C2H5OH + 2Na 2Cr2O7 + 8H2SO4  HC2H3O2 + 2Cr2(SO4)3 + 2Na2SO4 + 11H2O

b. 3C2H5OH + 2Na 2Cr2O7 + 8H2SO4  3HC2H3O2 + 2Cr2(SO4)3 + 2Na2SO4 + 11H2O
c. 2C2H5OH + 2Na 2Cr2O7 + 8H2SO4  2HC2H3O2 + 2Cr2(SO4)3 + 4Na2SO4 + 11H2O
d. 2C2H5OH + Na 2Cr2O7 + 8H2SO4  3HC2H3O2 + 2Cr2(SO4)3 + 2Na 2SO4 + 11H2O
e. C2H5OH + Na 2Cr2O7 + 2H2SO4  HC2H3O2 + Cr2(SO4)3 + 2Na 2SO4 + 11H2O
Answer: b
3-32
Section 3.5
97. In a chemical reaction, C2H6O + PCl3  C2H5Cl + H3PO3, when the equation is balanced the
sum of the coefficients of the reactants and products should be
a. 4
b. 5
c. 6
d. 7
e. 8
Answer: e
Section 3.5
98. In a chemical reaction, C2H6O + SOCl2  C2H5Cl + H2SO3, when the equation is balanced the
sum of the coefficients of the reactants and products should be
a. 4
b. 5
c. 6
d. 7
e. 8
Answer: c
Section 3.5
99. Given the following chemical equation: Na2S2O4 + NaOH  Na2SO3 + Na2S + H2O,
the coefficient in front of NaOH should be:
a. 6
b. 2
c. 5
d. 3
e. 4
Answer: a
3-33
Section 3.5
100. What is the coefficient of H2O when the following equation is properly balanced with the smallest
set of whole numbers?
___ Na + ___ H2O  ___ NaOH + ___ H2
a. 3
b. 4
c. 6
d. 12
e. 24
Answer: d
Section 3.5
101. When ethene (C2H4) is burned in the presence of oxygen gas the products are carbon dioxide and
water. When balanced with the smallest set of whole numbers, the coefficient for oxygen is
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 6
Answer: c
Section 3.5
102. Thermal decomposition of KClO3(s) yields KCl(s) and O2(g). When 4.289 grams of KClO3
(0.03500 moles) undergo this reaction, how many grams of oxygen are produced?
a. 1.120 grams
b. 0.5601 grams
c. 2.240 grams
d. 1.680 grams
e. 4.288 grams
Answer: d
3-34
Section 3.5
103. When aluminum metal reacts with HCl(aq), the products formed are AlCl3(aq) and hydrogen. If
4.288 grams of Al (0.1590 moles) undergo this reaction with an excess of hydrochloric acid, how
many grams of hydrogen gas should be produced?
a. 0.1603 grams
b. 0.4770 grams
c. 6.048 grams
d. 1.388 grams
e. 0.4808 grams
Answer: e
Section 3.6
104. You are given the balanced chemical equation:
C3H8 + 5 O2  3 CO2 + 4 H2O.
If 0.3818 moles of C3H8 and 1.718 moles of O2 are allowed to react, and this is the only reaction
which occurs, theoretically how many moles of water should be produced?
a. 1.336 moles
b. 1.374 moles
c. 1.527 moles
d. 1.718 moles
e. 3.426 moles
Answer: b
Section 3.6
105. You are given the balanced equation:
C4H4 + 5 O2  4 CO2 + 2 H2O
If 0.3618 moles of C4H4 are allowed to react with 1.818 moles of O2, and this is the only reaction
which occurs, what is the maximum quantity of carbon dioxide that could be produced?
a. 1.447 moles
b. 1.454 moles
c. 1.456 moles
d. 2.180 moles
e. 0.3978 moles
Answer: a
3-35
Section 3.6
4AsF3 + 3C2Cl6  4AsCl3 + 3C2Cl2F4.
If 1.3618 moles of AsF3 are allowed to react with 1.000 mole of C2Cl6, what would be the
theoretical yield of AsCl3, in moles?
a. 0.3618 moles
b. 0.7343 moles
c. 0.7500 moles
d. 1.3333 moles
e. 1.3618 moles
Answer: d
Section 3.6
C4H4 + 5 O2  4 CO2 + 2 H2O.
If 0.3618 moles of C4H4 are allowed to react with 1.818 moles of O2, and this is the only reaction
which occurs, what is the maximum mass of water that could be produced?
a. 11.02 g
b. 13.04 g
c. 13.20 g
d. 19.64 g
e. 65.50 g
Answer: b
Section 3.6
108. Calcium hydroxide and sulfuric acid can react to produce calcium bisulfate and water. When
0.0720 moles of sulfuric acid are reacted with 0.0240 moles of calcium hydroxide, how much
calcium bisulfate, Ca(HSO4)2, will be produced?
a. 0.0120 moles
b. 0.0240 moles
c. 0.0360 moles
d. 0.0480 moles
e. 0.0720 moles
Answer: b
3-36
Section 3.6
109. 150.0 grams of AsF3 were reacted with 180.0 g of CCl4 to produce AsCl3 and CCl2F2. The theoreti-
cal yield of CCl2F2 produced, in moles, is
a. 0.7802 moles
b. 0.5685 moles
c. 1.274 moles
d. 1.170 moles
e. 1.705 moles
Answer: d
Section 3.6
110. The left side of a balanced chemical equation is shown below:
K2Cr2O7 + 4 H2SO4 + 3 SeO2 
If 0.600 moles of K2Cr2O7, 2.800 moles of H2SO4 and 1.500 moles of SeO2 are brought together
and allowed to react, then
a. H2SO4 is the limiting reagent

b. K2Cr2O7 is the limiting reagent
c. there are 1.300 moles of H2SO4 in excess
d. there are 0.800 moles of K2Cr2O7 in excess
e. there are 0.300 moles of SeO2 in excess
Answer: d
Section 3.6
111. Ammonia reacts with diatomic oxygen to form nitric oxide and water vapor:
4NH3 + 5O2  4NO + 6H2O

When 40.0 g NH3 and 50.0 g O2 are allowed to react, which is the limiting reagent?
a. NH3
b. O2
c. NO
d. H2O
e. there is no limiting reagent
Answer: b
3-37
Section 3.6
112. Chlorine gas can be made from the reaction of manganese dioxide with hydrochloric acid. Which is
the limiting reagent when 28 g of MnO2 are mixed with 42 g of HCl?
MnO2(s) + 4HCl(aq)  MnCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l) + Cl2(g)
a. MnO2
b. HCl
c. MnCl2
d. H2O
e. Cl2
Answer: b
Section 3.6
113. You are given the unbalanced chemical equation:
C4H8 + O2  CO2 + H2O.
If 0.3218 moles of C4H8 are allowed to react with 2.000 moles of O2, what would be the theoretical
yield of water, in moles?
a. 1.333 moles
b. 1.609 moles
c. 0.6436 moles
d. 1.287 moles
e. 2.574 moles
Answer: d
Section 3.6
114. 150.0 grams of AsF3 were reacted with 180.0 g of CCl4 to produce AsCl3 and CCl2F2. The
theoretical yield of CCl2F2, in grams, is
a. 141.5 grams
b. 206.2 grams
c. 137.5 grams
d. 104.4 grams
e. 152.6 grams
Answer: a
3-38
Section 3.6
115. 85.0 grams of H2S were reacted with 115.0 g of O2 to produce SO2 and H2O. The theoretical yield
of SO2, in grams, is
a. 70.5 grams
b. 230.0 grams
c. 153.5 grams
d. 85.0 grams
e. 159.5 grams
Answer: c
Section 3.6
116. PI3 (411.69 g mol-1) and water (18.015 g mol-1) react to form H3PO3 (81.996 g mol-1) and HI
(127.91 g mol-1). If 0.5000 moles of phosphorus triiodide and 2.500 moles of water are used, what
is the theoretical yield of hydrogen iodide?
a. 63.96 g
b. 205.8 g
c. 191.9 g
d. 319.8 g
e. 383.7 g
Answer: c
Section 3.7
117. In a chemical equation, AsF3 + CCl4  AsCl3 + CCl2F2, the theoretical yield of CCl2F2 was
calculated to be 1.68 moles. If the percent yield in the reaction was 74.3%, how many grams of
CCl2F2 were obtained?
a. 151 grams
b. 167 grams
c. 203 grams
d. 273 grams
e. 303 grams
Answer: a
3-39
Section 3.7
118. In a chemical equation, AsF3 + C2Cl6  AsCl3 + C2Cl2F4, the theoretical yield of C2Cl2F4
was calculated to be 1.86 moles. If the percent yield in the reaction was 77.2%, how many grams
of C2Cl2F4 were actually obtained?
a. 222 grams
b. 231 grams
c. 245 grams
d. 318 grams
e. 412 grams
Answer: c
Section 3.7
119. In a chemical equation, C2H6O + PCl3  C2H5Cl + H3PO3, when the reaction was carried out,
the actual yield of C2H5Cl was calculated as 97.3 % of the theoretical value. If the theoretical yield
should have been 2.04 moles, how many grams of C2H5Cl were actually obtained?
a. 123 grams
b. 128 grams
c. 132 grams
d. 135 grams
e. 138 grams
Answer: b
Section 3.7
120. In a chemical equation, C3H6O2 + PCl3  C3H5OCl + H3PO3, when the reaction was carried
out, the actual yield of C3H5OCl was calculated as 97.3 % of the theoretical value. If the
theoretical yield should have been 1.42 moles, how many grams of C3H5OCl were actually
obtained?
a. 115 grams
b. 128 grams
c. 156 grams
d. 193 grams
e. 206 grams
Answer: b
3-40
Section 3.7
121. You are given the chemical equation: AsF3 + C2Cl6  AsCl3 + C2Cl2F4, if 1.3618 moles of
AsF3 are allowed to react with 1.000 moles of C2Cl6, what would be the theoretical yield of
C2Cl2F4, in grams?
a. 128.1 grams
b. 134.1 grams
c. 170.9 grams
d. 174.6 grams
e. 185.5 grams
Answer: c
Section 3.7
122. Phosphorus tribromide (PBr3, 270.69 g mol-1) and water (18.015 g mol-1) react to form
phosphorous acid (H3PO3, 81.996 g mol-1) and hydrogen bromide (80.912 g mol-1). If 0.5000
moles of phosphorus tribromide was reacted with 2.000 moles of water and 98.048 grams of
hydrogen bromide were obtained, what was the percent yield from the reaction?
a. 72.16 %
b. 97.22 %
c. 78.62 %
d. 85.93 %
e. 80.79 %
Answer: e
Section 3.7
123. The first step in the Ostwald process for producing nitric acid is
4NH3(g) + 5O2(g)  4NO(g) + 6H2O(g).
If the reaction of 150. g of ammonia with 150. g of oxygen gas yields 87. g of nitric oxide (NO),
what is the percent yield of this reaction?
a. 100 %
b. 49 %
c. 77 %
d. 33 %
e. 62 %
Answer: d
3-41
Fill-in-the Blank Questions
Section 3.1
124. An average atom of uranium (U) is approximately how many times heavier than an atom of
phosphorus? ________
Answer: 7.68 times
Section 3.1
125. A 30.0 g sample of a copper containing compound is found to contain 14.18 g of copper. If the
only other element in the sample is chlorine, what is the expected formula unit for the compound?
________
Answer: CuCl2
Section 3.1
126. A sample of naturally occurring carbon contains 0.800 moles of C. How many atoms are in the
sample? ________
Answer: 4.82  1023 atoms
Section 3.1
127. The mass of 3.00 moles of phosphorus (P4), is ______ grams.
Answer: 372
Section 3.1
128. A sample of Na2SO4 weighing 7.10 grams contains ______ moles.
Answer: 0.0500
Section 3.2
129. One mole of formula unit of (NH4)2ClO4 contains ______ moles of nitrogen atoms.
Answer: 8
3-42
Section 3.2
130. There are ______ moles of oxygen atoms in 10 moles of KClO3?
Answer: 30
Section 3.2
131. There are ______ moles of oxygen atoms in 25.7 g of CaSO4?
Answer: 0.755
Section 3.2
132. There are ______ sulfur atoms present in 25.6 g of Al2(S2O3)3?
Answer: 1.8 x 1024
Section 3.2
133. There are ______ moles of Cl atoms in 65.2 g of CHCl3?
Answer: 1.64
Section 3.2
134. The number of moles of iron which are combined with 7.28 moles of oxygen in a sample of the
compound, Fe3O4, is ______
Answer: 5.46
Section 3.2
135. A sample of ozone, O3, contains 3.011  1012 atoms (1012 represents a trillion). This also
represents ______ moles of ozone.
Answer: 1.667  10-12
3-43
Section 3.2
136. How many grams of iron are there in a sample of Fe3O4 which weighs 8.338 grams? _______
Answer: 6.033 g
Section 3.3
137. The percent, by weight, of sulfur in (NH4)2SO4 is ______ .
Answer: 24.267 %
Section 3.3
138. The percent, by weight, of oxygen in Ca(NO3)2 is ______ .
Answer: 58.50 %
Section 3.3
139. How many grams of oxygen are present in 100.0 g Ca(NO3)2 is ______ .
Answer: 58.50 g
Section 3.4
140. In the course of determination of a chemical formula a student obtained the following mole ratios:
C: 1.67 H: 2.67 O: 1.00. The empirical formula for the compound is________.
Answer: C5H8O3
Section 3.4
H: 1.67 P: 1.00 O: 2.33. The empirical formula for the compound is ________ .
Answer: H5P3O7
3-44
Section 3.4
C: 1.33 H: 2.67 O: 1.00. The empirical formula for the compound is ________ .
Answer: C4H8O3
Section 3.4
C: 1.67 H: 3.33 O: 1.00. The empirical formula for the compound is ________ .
Answer: C5H10O3
Section 3.4
144. A compound contains 46.46% lithium by mass and 53.54 % oxygen by mass. The empirical
formula of the compound is ________ .
Answer: Li2O
Section 3.4
145. The percent composition by mass of a compound is 76.0% C, 12.8% H, and 11.2% O. The molar
mass of this compound is found to be 284.5 g/mol. What is the molecular formula of this
compound? ________ .
Answer: C18H36O2
Section 3.4
146. A 1.375 g sample of mannitol, a sugar found in seaweed, is burned completely in oxygen to give
1.993 g of carbon dioxide and 0.9519 g of water. The empirical formula for mannitol is ________ .
Answer: C3H7O3
Section 3.4
147. The empirical formula of a compound composed of uranium and fluorine that has a composition of
67.6% uranium and 32.4% fluorine is _______.
Answer: UF6
3-45
Section 3.5
148. When the equation is balanced, Al2O3 + C  Al + CO2, the coefficient for CO2 is __________.
Answer: 3
Section 3.5
149. When the equation is balanced, PCl3(l) + H2O(l)  H3PO3(aq) + HCl(aq), the coefficient of H2O
is__________.
Answer: 3
Section 3.5
150. When the equation is balanced, SF4 + H2O  H2SO3 + HF, the coefficient of HF is__________.
Answer: 4
Section 3.5
151. When the equation is balanced, CF4 + Cl2  CCl4 + HCl, the coefficient of HCl is__________.
Answer: 4
Section 3.5
152. Aluminum hydroxide reacts with nitric acid to form aluminum nitrate and water. If 15.0 g of
aluminum hydroxide reacts with excess nitric acid the mass of water that can be formed
is__________.
Answer: 10.4 g
Section 3.5
153. For the given process:
TiCl4(g) + 2Mg(l)  2MgCl2(l) + Ti(s)
If 1 mole of magnesium is reacted with an excess of TiCl4 gas, how many moles of titanium (Ti)
can be produced?
Answer: 0.5 moles
3-46
Section 3.5
154. When Al reacts with Cl2 to form AlCl3, how many moles of Al are required to produce 1.45 moles
of AlCl3? _________
Answer: 1.45 moles Al
Section 3.5
155. Given the chemical equation, 2AsI3  2As + 3I2, how many grams of I2 are produced in the
reaction, if 3.200 g As are obtained from AsI3? _________
Answer: 16.26 g I2
Section 3.6
156. Given the chemical equation, Cl2 + F2  2ClF, how many moles of ClF are produced in the
reaction, if 1.50 moles Cl2 are made to react with 1.75 moles F2 ? _________
Answer: 3.00 moles ClF
Section 3.6
157. Vanadium(V) oxide reacts with calcium according to the chemical equation below. When 10.0
moles of V2O5 are mixed with 10.0 moles of Ca, which is the limiting reagent?
V2O5(s) + 5Ca(l)  2V(l) + 5CaO(s)
Answer: Ca
Section 3.6
158. When 2.0 moles of V2O5 react with 6.0 mole of calcium the theoretical yield of vanadium, in moles,
that can be produced is _______ based on the following chemical equation.
V2O5(s) + 5Ca(l)  2V(l) + 5CaO(s)
Answer: 2.4 moles
Section 3.6
159. How many grams of water could be made from 5.0 mol H2 and 3.0 mol O2?
Answer: 90. g
3-47
Section 3.6
4NH3 + 5O2  4NO + 6H2O
When 20.0 g NH3 and 50.0 g O2 are allowed to react, which is the limiting reagent?
Answer: NH3
Section 3.6
161. Hydrochloric acid can be prepared by the following reaction:
2NaCl(s) + H2SO4(aq)  2HCl(g) + Na2SO4(s)
How many grams of HCl can be prepared from 2.00 mol H2SO4 and 150 g NaCl?
Answer: 93.5 g
Section 3.6
162. Calculate the mass of FeS formed when 9.42 g of Fe reacts with 8.50 g of S.
Fe(s) + S(s)  FeS(s)
Answer: 14.8 g
Section 3.6
163. Calculate the mass of excess reagent remaining at the end of the reaction in which 90.0 g of SO2 are
mixed with 100.0 g of O2.
2SO2 + O2  2SO3
Answer: 77.5 g
Section 3.6
164. 50.0 grams of NH3 were reacted with 110.0 g of O2 to produce NO and H2O. The theoretical yield
of NO, in grams, is
a. 206.3 grams
b. 103.2 grams
c. 88.1 grams
d. 123.8 grams
e. 82.5 grams
Answer: e
3-48
Section 3.6
165. Given the chemical equation, CO + 2H2  CH3OH, if 11.5 g CO react with 11.5 g H2, then the
limiting reactant is? _________
Answer: CO
Section 3.6
166. What is the expected yield of Pb, if 25.0 g C react with 25.0 g of PbO according to the chemical
equation, PbO + C  CO + Pb. _________
Answer: 23.2 g Pb
Section 3.7
167. If 15.3 g of a particular product were obtained in a reaction and the theoretical amount was
calculated to be 19.12 g, what was the percent yield of the product? _________
Answer: 80.0 %
Section 3.7
168. Given the chemical equation, 2Mg + O2  2MgO, when 2.2 g Mg react with 3.6 g of O2, 2.7 g
MgO were obtained. What is the percent yield in the reaction? _________
Answer: 75 %
Section 3.7
169. When 0.500 moles of boron trichloride react with 1.20 moles hydrogen gas to produce elemental
boron and hydrogen chloride gas, the actual yield of boron was 66.4 % of the theoretical yield. The
mass of boron obtained was _____.
Answer: 3.59 g
Section 3.7
170. For the given process:
TiCl4(g) + 2Mg(l)  2MgCl2(l) + Ti(s)
the theoretical yield for titanium (Ti) was calculated to be 305.6g. The actual amount of titanium
recovered was 285.5g. What is the percent yield for this process?
Answer: 93.42%
3-49
Section 3.7
171. When octane (C8H18) is burned in a particular internal combustion engine, the yield of products
(carbon dioxide and water) is 93%. What mass of carbon dioxide will be produced in this engine
when 15.0 g of octane is burned with 15.0 g of oxygen gas?
Answer: 12. g
Section: On the Cutting Edge 3.1

172. In combustion analysis, the compound, CH3NH2, undergoes complete combustion in excess
oxygen to produce a stream of gases. The stream of gases passes through a pre-weighed tube
containing anhydrous calcium sulfate and then through a second pre-weighed tube containing
sodium hydroxide. The anhydrous calcium sulfate is used to absorb___.
Answer: H2O

173. In combustion analysis, the compound, CH3CH3, undergoes complete combustion in excess
oxygen to produce a stream of gases. The stream of gases passes through a pre-weighed tube
containing anhydrous calcium sulfate and then through a second pre-weighed tube containing
sodium hydroxide. The sodium hydroxide is used to absorb___.
Answer: CO2

174. In combustion analysis, a particular compound undergoes complete combustion in excess
oxygen to produce a stream of gases. The stream of gases passes through a pre-weighed tube.
The increase in mass of these tubes represents the combined mass of CO2 and H2O. The mass of
_______ in the compound can be calculated from the mass of CO2.
Answer: carbon

175. In combustion analysis, a particular compound undergoes complete combustion in excess
oxygen to produce a stream of gases. The stream of gases passes through a pre-weighed tube.
The increase in mass of these tubes represents the combined mass of CO2 and H2O. The mass of
_______ in the compound can be calculated from the mass of H2O.
Answer: hydrogen
3-50
True and False Questions
Section 3.1
176. A mole of oxygen, O2, and a mole of phosphorus, P4, do not contain the same number of
molecules. ___
Answer: False
Section 3.1
177. A mole of oxygen, O2, and a mole of ozone, O3, do contain the same number of molecules.
___
Answer: True
Section 3.1
178. A mole of naturally occurring Ne weighs more than a mole of O2.
___
Answer: False
Section 3.1
179. A mole of nitrogen gas, N2, and a mole of carbon dioxide gas, CO2, contain the same number of
molecules. ___
Answer: True
Section 3.2
180. A sample of C7H5N3O4 contains 0.255 moles of hydrogen atoms. This same sample also contains
0.500 moles of oxygen atoms. _______
Answer: False
Section 3.4
181. The molecular formula for a substance can never contain fewer atoms than the empirical formula
for the same substance. ___
Answer: True
3-51
Section 3.5
182. The reaction between 1.12 moles of K and H2O, will produce more than 2.00 moles of KOH.
____
Answer: False
Section 3.6
183. When 1.20 moles C react with 1.20 moles O2, 2.40 moles CO2 are obtained. _______
Answer: False
Section 3.6
4NH3 + 5O2  4NO + 6H2O
When 40.0 g NH3 and 50.0 g O2 are allowed to react, the limiting reagent is O2.
Answer: True
Section 3.7
185. In a chemical reaction, the best yield currently obtainable in any process is 99.5%. ___
Answer: False

186. When the compound, CH3NH2, undergoes complete combustion in excess oxygen in the presence
of catalysts, the products are CO2 and H2O. ___
Answer: False

187. When the compound, CH3CH2SH, undergoes complete combustion in excess oxygen in the
presence of catalysts, the products are CO2 and H2O. ___
Answer: False
3-52
188. In combustion analysis, if a compound also contains oxygen, then it would be determined
by subtracting the mass of hydrogen and carbon from the total mass of the compound burned, if no
other elements are present._______
Answer: True

189. In combustion analysis, a compound such as CH3(CH2)12CO2H, would have all its carbon atoms
converted to carbon dioxide._______
Answer: True
Critical Thinking Questions
Section 3.1
190. You have made a bet with a friend. You tell them that you can eat one mole of M&Ms in a year, if
you eat one M&M every second for three hours a day, 7 days a week, for 365 days in that year. Can
you win the bet? Calculate how many years it would really take to eat one mole of M&Ms.
_________
Answer: 1.53  1017 years. Start eating now.
Section 3.1
191. A 5.21 g sample of an unknown element is found to contain 4.937 x 1022 atoms. Based on this
information what is the unknown element? _________
Answer: copper
Section 3.2
192. How many carbon atoms are there in 10 lbs of sugar, C12H22O11? _________
Answer: 9.6 x 1025
3-53
Section 3.4
193. The imaginary compound calcium nortonate, CaNtO4, is 54.698% nortonium, Nt, by weight.
Calculate the percent, by weight, of sodium in sodium nortonate to four significant digits.
________
Answer: 19.51%
Section 3.4
194. The imaginary compound calcium nortonate, CaNtO4, is 54.698% nortonium, Nt, by weight.
Calculate the percent, by weight, of potassium in potassium nortonate to four significant digits.
________
Answer: 29.19%
Section 3.4
195. The compound, X2O3, contains element X and oxygen combined in a ratio of 2.167 grams of X to
1.000 gram of oxygen. Another compound containing element X and oxygen gave a different
analysis and properties—a 2.500 g sample of this second compound contains 1.300 grams of
element X. This works out to a different ratio. What is the formula for the second compound?
_________
Answer: XO3
Section 3.4
196. A compound which has the formula, Z2O3, contains element Z and oxygen combined in a ratio of
2.123 grams of element Z to 1.000 gram of oxygen. A 2.500 gram sample of a different compound
containing the same two elements was analyzed and found to contain 1.400 grams of element Z.
What is the formula for this second compound? _______
Answer: Z2O5
3-54
Section 3.5
197. In a quantitative study, 4.624 grams of a compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
yielded 7.210 g of CO2 and 2.656 g of H2O in a combustion apparatus. Determine the empirical
formula of the compound.
a. C9H16O8
b. C10H18O9
c. C11H20O10
d. C12H22O11
e. C13H24O12
Answer: b
Section 3.5
198. A 5.000 g sample of a mixture which contains MgCO3 and sand (SiO2) was heated for 2.30 hours
until no further reaction occurred. It was then cooled and the residue, which contained MgO and
unchanged sand, was weighed. The reaction is: MgCO3(s)  MgO(s) + CO2(g). The residue
remaining (minus the CO2 which was completely driven off) weighed 3.397 grams. Calculate the
percent, by weight, of MgCO3 in the original sample.
a. 22.59 %
b. 50.00 %
c. 61.42 %
d. 90.40 %
e. 95.01 %
Answer: c
Section 3.5
199. A mixture containing silver nitrate (AgNO3) and potassium nitrate (KNO3), weighing 5.000 grams,
was dissolved in water and treated with an excess of potassium chloride solution. A quantitative
reaction, the reaction of silver nitrate with potassium chloride occurred, and 1.582 grams of a white
precipitate, silver chloride, was obtained. Determine the percent, by weight, of silver nitrate in the
original mixture.
a. 32.55 %
b. 37.50 %
c. 42.50 %
d. 62.50 %
e. 62.74 %
Answer: b
3-55
Section 3.5
200. Lead sulfide, in ores, can be assayed by the reaction:
2 PbS(s) + 6 HNO3(aq) + K2Cr2O7(aq) 
2 PbCrO4(s) + 2 S(s) + 4 NO2(g) + 2 KNO3(aq) + 3 H2O
A 6.053 g sample of ore, treated with excess nitric acid and potassium dichromate yielded 6.094 g
of PbCrO4. Calculate the percent, by weight, of lead sulfide in the ore.
a. 68.22%
b. 74.53%
c. 77.22%
d. 79.16%
e. 83.11%
Answer: b
Section 3.5
201. The mineral dolomite has the formula, CaCO3∙MgCO3. When dolomite is heated for an extended
period of time at elevated temperatures it decomposes to give carbon dioxide and a mixture of cal-
cium oxide and magnesium oxide. If a 5.424 g sample of this mineral is heated for several hours at
950 °C, how many grams should the mixed oxide residue remaining weigh? ________
Answer: 2.835 g
Section 3.5
202. A sample being given as a laboratory unknown is a mixture of calcium carbonate and magnesium
carbonate. Both substances decompose to form calcium oxide and magnesium oxide, respectively,
when heated at a high temperature for a prolonged period. An unknown sample weighing 5.424
grams was decomposed by heating for several hours at 950 °C. The oxide residue which remained
weighed 2.791 grams. From this laboratory data calculate the percent, by weight, of calcium car-
bonate in the unknown. ________
Answer: 44.42 %
3-56
Section 3.5
203. A chemistry graduate student needs to make a "starting material" for a series of experiments. The
student is going to follow the balanced equation shown below:
2Mo(CO)6(s) + 4 (CH3)3CCO2H (s)  Mo2(O2C(CH3)3)4(s) + 12CO(g) + 2H2(g)
If the student uses 5.00 grams of (CH3)3CCO2H, how many grams of Mo(CO)6 will the student need
to react completely with the (CH3)3CCO2H? ____
Answer: 6.46 g Mo(CO)6
Section 3.5
204. A chemistry graduate student needs to make a "starting material" for a series of experiments. The
student is going to follow the balanced equation shown below:
2Mo(CO)6(s) + 4 (CH3)3CCO2H (s)  Mo2(O2C(CH3)3)4(s) + 12CO(g) + 2H2(g)
If the student uses 5.00 grams of (CH3)3CCO2H, how many grams of Mo2(O2C(CH3)3)4 will be
made? _______
Answer: 7.30 g Mo2((CH3)3CCO2)4
Section 3.6
205. One way of making sodium chloride is according to the following unbalanced equation:
Na(s) + Cl2(g)  NaCl(s)
In a reaction, a student mixed 2.00 grams of Na(s) with 4.13 grams of Cl2(g), making 5.00 grams of
NaCl. Balance the equation and determine which, if any, of the starting materials was in excess?
____
Answer: the Cl2 is in excess
3-57
Section 3.6
206. The reactants and products in a reaction are shown below in the unbalanced chemical equation:
P4O10 + Ca(OH)2  Ca3(PO4)2 + H2O
If you start with 2.40 moles of P4O10 and 3.30 moles of Ca(OH)2 and all of the limiting reactant is
consumed,
a. 1.10 moles of Ca3(PO4)2 are produced

b. 0.90 moles of Ca(OH)2 are left over
c. 2.40 moles of Ca3(PO4)2 are produced
d. 1.65 moles of Ca3(PO4)2 are produced
e. 0.85 moles of P4O10 are consumed
Answer: a
Section 3.6
207. A mixture, weighing 6.000 grams, contains 41.50 % Na3PO4 and 58.50 % BaCl2 of the mixture, by
weight. When dissolved in water, a precipitate forms via the double displacement reaction:
BaCl2(aq) + Na3PO4(aq)  NaCl(aq) + Ba3(PO4)2(s)
If the reaction is quantitative, the yield of the solid barium phosphate should be
a. 3.382 grams
b. 3.357 grams
c. 4.571 grams
d. 3.510 grams
e. 1.983 grams
Answer: a
Section 3.6
208. Liquid hexane, C6H14, burns in oxygen gas to yield carbon dioxide and water. What is the
minimum mass of oxygen required for the complete reaction of 10.0 mL of hexane?
[Given: density of hexane = 0.660 g/mL]
a. 3.71 g
b. 2.45 g
c. 23.3 g
d. 46.6 g
e. 35.3 g
Answer: c
3-58
Section 3.7
209. A student is working on a research project. The instructions in the book on how to prepare
Ni(NH3)6Cl2 say that the percent yield in this preparation is 75.5 %. If the limiting reagent for the
preparation is NiCl2·6H2O, and the student needs 50.0 grams of the Ni(NH3)6Cl2 product for the
next step of the research project, how many grams of the NiCl2·6H2O should the student start with
to prepare the desired quantity of the Ni(NH3)6Cl2? _______
Answer: 67.9 grams
Section 3.7
210. A laboratory manual gave precise instructions for carrying out the reaction described by the
chemical equation, C2H6O + O2  C2H4O2 + H2O. It stated that if you bubble oxygen gas
through a solution containing the reactant for 24 hours then the yield of C2H4O2 would be 7.50% of
the theoretical amount. If you desire to produce 700 grams of the C2H4O2 in a single batch, how
many kg of C2H6O should you begin with?
______
Answer: 7.16
Section 3.7
211. The Hall process for the production of aluminum involves the reaction of aluminum oxide with
elemental carbon to give aluminum metal and carbon monoxide. If the yield of this reaction is 82%
and aluminum ore is 71% by mass aluminum oxide, what mass of aluminum ore must be mined in
order to produce 1.0 x 103 kg (1 metric ton) of aluminum metal by the Hall process?
Answer: 3.3 x 103 kg
3-59

The Mole and Stoichiometry: Multiple Choice Questions

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Chapter 3

The Mole and Stoichiometry

a. The number of copper and oxygen atoms is the name.

a. 6.02 x 1023 C atoms

a. 2.28 x 102 g/mol

a. 6.02 × 1023 atoms

a. 3.6 × 1024 atoms

a. 1.084 × 1024 atoms

a. 0.250 moles of glucose, C6H12O6

a. 0.300 moles of ammonia, NH3

a. 2.807  1023 atoms

a. 1.80  102 g/mol, C6H12O6

a. Zn(s) + HCl(aq)  3ZnCl(aq) + H2(g)

a. 2C6H14 + 9O2  12CO2 + 7H2O

a. 3.01  1023 atoms

a. C2H5OH + 2Na 2Cr2O7 + 8H2SO4  HC2H3O2 + 2Cr2(SO4)3 + 2Na2SO4 + 11H2O

a. H2SO4 is the limiting reagent

4NH3 + 5O2  4NO + 6H2O

MnO2(s) + 4HCl(aq)  MnCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l) + Cl2(g)

Answer: 7.68 times

Answer: 4.82  1023 atoms

Answer: 1.8 x 1024

Answer: 1.667  10-12

Answer: 0.5 moles

Answer: 1.45 moles Al

Answer: 3.00 moles ClF

Answer: 2.4 moles

Section: On the Cutting Edge 3.1

Section: On the Cutting Edge 3.1

Section: On the Cutting Edge 3.1

Section: On the Cutting Edge 3.1

Section: On the Cutting Edge 3.1

Section: On the Cutting Edge 3.1

Section: On the Cutting Edge 3.1

Critical Thinking Questions

Answer: 1.53  1017 years. Start eating now.

Answer: 9.6 x 1025

2Mo(CO)6(s) + 4 (CH3)3CCO2H (s)  Mo2(O2C(CH3)3)4(s) + 12CO(g) + 2H2(g)

Answer: 6.46 g Mo(CO)6

2Mo(CO)6(s) + 4 (CH3)3CCO2H (s)  Mo2(O2C(CH3)3)4(s) + 12CO(g) + 2H2(g)

Answer: 7.30 g Mo2((CH3)3CCO2)4

Na(s) + Cl2(g)  NaCl(s)

Answer: the Cl2 is in excess

a. 1.10 moles of Ca3(PO4)2 are produced

Answer: 67.9 grams

Answer: 3.3 x 103 kg

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