Script on Peta Gen Chem

Boyle’s Law
Introduction:
Good day, Sir! In this video, I'll explain how I understand Boyle's
law and Avogadro’s Law. It will be divided to two parts.
Proper:
The physical behavior of a gas is described by four variables:
pressure, volume, temperature, and amount or mole.
And there are five laws that we talk about in terms of how these
behaviors are related in different ways.
For part I, I'll go over Boyle's law
Robert Boyle, a scientist, developed Boyle's law in 1662.
This law is concerned with the relationship between pressure and
volume at constant temperature and quantity.
In his experiment, he has a J-shaped tube with a closed shorter end
and an open long end. He inserted mercury into the tube and
calculated the volume of trapped gas. He discovered that as he
poured more mercury, the volume of chopped gas decreased while
the change in height of the mercury increased, indicating that the
pressure is also increasing.
With all of the data, he discovers that volume and pressure follow
the graph shown.
*SHOW*
This is what we get when we write it in mathematical terms.
*SHOW*
Means that the volume and pressure are inversely proportional to
each other when the temperature and amount are constant.
This relationship can also be stated as follows: the product of
pressure and volume is equals to its constant. If we have two
different conditions for a gas, we can write the formula as p1V1 =
p2v2. We can see from the formula that under certain conditions of
a gas, increasing the pressure results in a decrease in volume, or
increasing the volume results in a decrease in pressure.
For Example:
The initial volume is 25 Liters at the pressure 3 atm. Assume
that the other variables are constant. What is the pressure if we
decrease the volume to 12.5 L?
Because the volume (V2) is less than the initial volume (V1), the
pressure that we will find must be greater than the initial pressure
given (P1).
Given:
P1= 3 atm
V1= 25 L
V2= 12.5 L
We'll use the Boyle's law equation to calculate P2.

P1v1=P2v1
We'll plug the givens into this equation and manipulate it to
calculate P2.
(3 atm) (25 L) = (P2) (12.5 L)
(3 atm) (25 L) = P2
(12.5 L)
75
------------------- = 6 atm
12.5
 P2 = 6 atm

Check if the statement is true:

P1V1=P2V2
(3 atm) (25 L) = (6 atm) (12.5 L)
75 = 75
TRUE
As we can see, when the pressure increases, the volume decreases
and our statement from Boyle’s law equation is true.
Which mean our answer is correct.
That’ s all for boyle’s law!
Kindly proceed to the 2nd part .

Avogadro’s Law
Introduction:
Good day , Sir! This is the part 2
Proper:
The physical behavior of a gas is described by four variables:
pressure, volume, temperature, and amount or mole.
And there are five laws that we talk about in terms of how these
behaviors are related in different ways.
For part 2, I'll go over Avogadro's law
Amedeo Avogadro, a scientist, developed Avogadro's law in late
1812.
This law is concerned with the relationship between volume and
amount of gas in moles at constant temperature and pressure.
He prepared two test tubes and fitted them with piston cylinder
assemblies for his experiment. He filled the first test tube with 0.10
mol of dry ice and the second test tube with 0.20 mol of dry ice.
When the dry ice turned into a gas at room temperature and its
pressure equaled atmospheric pressure, he noticed that the volume
in the second test tube was twice that of the first.
He discovers, using all of the data, that volume and amount of gas
in mole follow the graph shown.
*SHOW*
This is what we get when we write it in mathematical terms.
*SHOW*
Means that the volume and amount of gas in mole are directly
proportional to each other when the temperature and pressure are
constant.
This relationship can also be stated as follows: the quotient of
volume over amount of the gas in mole is equals to its constant. If
we have two different conditions for a gas, we can write the formula
as v1/n1 = v2/n2. We can see from the formula that under certain
conditions of a gas, Increasing the volume causes an increase in the
amount of gas, and vice versa.
For Example:
The initial amount of dry ice (gas) is 7 mol and occupies a
volume of 14L. Assume that the other variables are constant. What
is the volume if we increase the amount of dry ice (gas) to 18 mol?
Because the amount of dry ice (gas) (n2) is greater than the initial
amount of dry ice (gas) (n1), the volume (V2)that we will find must
be also greater than to the initial volume (V1).
Given:
n1= 7 mol
V1= 14 L
n2= 18 mol
We'll use the Avogadro's law equation to calculate V2.

V1/n1=V2/n2
We'll plug the givens into this equation and manipulate it to
calculate V2.
V1/n1 = V2/n2
14 L / 7 mol = V2 / 18 mol
14 L / 7 mol ( 18 mol) = V2
2 ( 18) = V2
36 = V2

Check if the statement is true:

V1/n1 = V2/n2
14 L / 7 mol = 36 L / 18 mol
2=2
TRUE
As we can see, when the volume increases, the amount of dry ice
(gas) also increase and our statement from Avogadro’s law equation
is true.
Which mean our answer is correct.
That’ s all for Avogadro’s Law
Thank youuuu and stay safe!