ST.

CLAIRE SCHOOL BASIC EDUCATION

Inspiring Minds, Building Leaders
26 Masbate St. Brgy. Nayong Kanluran, Quezon City

MATHEMATICS 10
FIRST QUARTER
S.Y: 2020 – 2021

LESSON 3: GEOMETRIC SEQUENCES

I. OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:

1. Illustrate a geometric sequence;
2. Find the nth term of a geometric sequence;
3. Determine geometric means; and
4. Determine the sum of terms of a finite and an infinite geometric sequence.
II. SKILLS DEVELOPMENT:
A. Read pages 11-18 (Textbook) Math for Engaged Learning 10
GEOMETRIC SEQUENCES
A geometric sequence or a geometric progression is a sequence in which each
term after the first term is obtained by multiplying the preceding term by a nonzero
constant. This number by which we multiply is called the common ration (r) of the
sequence.
Example:
Identify the common ratio, Solution
a. 2, 8, 32, 128, … To obtain the common ratio (r), divide
any term by its predecessor.
Second Term 8
= =4
First Term 2
Third Term 32
= =4
Second Term 8
So, the common ratio is 4.
b. 2, -2, 2, -2, … −2
=−1
2
2
=−1
−2
Thus, the common ratio is -1.
 1 3 1
c. 9, 3, 1, =
3 9 3
1 1
=
3 3
1
So, the common ratio is
3

Example:
Write the first 6 terms of the geometric sequence whose first term is 6
−1
with r = .
3
Solution:
First term: 6

Second term: 6( −13 )=−2 Multiply 6 by

−1
3
.

−1 2 −1
−2 (
3 ) 3
Third Term: = Multiply -2 by .
3
2 −1 −2 2 −1
3( 3 ) 9
Fourth Term: = Multiply by .
3 3
−2 −1 2 −2 −1
Fifth Term:
9 3( ) =
27
Multiply
9
by
3
.

2 −1 2 2 −1
Sixth Term: (
27 3 )=
61
Multiply
27
by
3
.

General Term of a Geometric Sequence

The nth term (or the general term) of a geometric sequence with first term a 1
and
common ratio r is a n=a1 r n−1

Example:
Find the general term and the eight term (a¿ ¿ 8) ¿ of the geometric sequence 64,
-32,
16, -8 …
Solution:
−32 −1
r= = Find the common ratio.
64 2
a n=a1 r n−1 General term of geometric sequence.
 −1 n−1 a1∧−1
a n=64 ( ) Substituting 64 for for r ,
2 2
a 8=64 ¿ Substituting 8 for n.
a 8=64 ¿
−1
Thus, the eight term of the geometric sequence is
2

Example:
Find the 7th term (a 7 ¿ of the geometric sequence 11, -44, 176, -704 …
Solution:
The common ratio is -4 and the first term is 11.
a n=11 (−4 )7−1
¿ 11 ¿
Example:
Find the tenth term (a 10 ¿ of the geometric sequence 6, 12, 24, 48 …
Solution:
The common ratio is 2 and the first term is 6.
a n=6(2)10−1=6 ¿

Geometric Mean
The terms between any two given terms of a geometric sequence are call
geometric means.

Example:
Think of a number between 3 and 75 with a common ratio.
Solution:
To visualize the sequence 3 , a2 ,75
a2 75
r 1= r=
3 2 a2
Knowing that the common ratios between the terms of the sequence are equal,
then we can equate the given ratios:
r 1=r 2
a2 75
= Replacement property
3 a2
(a¿ ¿ 2) ( a2 ) =( 3 ) (75 ) Cross−multiplication of proportions ¿
 2
( a 2 ) =( 225 ) Multiplication
a 2=±15 Simplifyingradicals
Notice that there are two possible results when you solve for the square root of
225. Let us identify which of these two roots is the answer.
When a 2=15 ,3 , 15 , 75then r=5
When a 2=−15 , 3 ,−15 , 75then r=−5

Example:
Think of three number between 1 and 16 with a common ratio.
Solution:
To visualize the sequence
1 , a2 , a3 , a 4 ,16
Since we are not given of the common ratio, we can use the general formula

for geometric sequences. Then, we set a 1=1 and a 5=16.

a n=a1 r n−1
16=(1)(r ¿¿ 5−1)=(r ¿¿ 4 )=2 ¿ ¿
Now that we have the common ratio, we can easily find the succeeding terms of
the sequence.
∴ ,the sequence is 1 ,2 , 4 ,8 , 16

Example:
Find three geometric means between 4 and 64.
Solution:
Let a 1=4 Then 64 is the fifth term ( a 5 )

a n=a1 r n−1
64=4(r ¿¿ 5−1) ¿
64=4 r 4
r 4 =16
r =±2
For r = -2, the geometric sequence is 4, -8, 16, -32, 64 and the geometric means
Are -8, 16, and -32.
For r = 2, the geometric sequence is 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and the geometric means
Are 8, 16, and 32.
 Finite Geometric Series
A geometric series is the sum of the first n terms of a geometric sequence. This

a 1 ( 1−r n )
sum is denoted by Sn= where a 1 is the first term and r is the common ratio
1−r
(r ≠ 1¿.
Example 1:
Find the sum of the first six terms of the geometric sequence 2, -8, 32, -128, …

Solution:
Before finding the sum of the first six terms, we must find first the common
ratio.
a 2 −8
r= = =−4
a1 2
Now, we list all the given values.
n=6
a 1=2
r =−4
Then, substitute in the formula.

a 1 ( 1−r n )
Sn=
1−r
2 ( 1−(−4)6 )
S6 =
1−(−4)
−8190
S6 =
5
S6 =−1638

Hence, the sum of the first six terms is -1638.

Example 2:
What is the sum of the first five terms of the geometric series 3, 24, 192, …?
Solution:
a 2 24
We first identify the common ratio of the geometric series. r = = =8
a1 3
 Now we use the formula,

a 1 ( 1−r n )
Sn=
1−r
3 ( 1−(8)5 )
S5=
1−8
3 ( 1−32768 )
S5=
1−8
3 (−32767 )
S5=
−7
−98301
S5 =
−7
S5=14043

Example 3:
What is the sum pf the terms of geometric sequence,
7 , 14 , 28 ,56 ,112 , 224 , 448 ,896 ,1792 r=2
Solution:
Since the geometric sequence is composed of 9 terms, which means that the
first
and last terms are defined we can use an alternative formula,
(a1−r a n)
Sn =
(1−r )
Where, Sn=¿ the partial sum of the sequence

a 1=¿ the first term of the sequence

a n=¿ the last term of the sequence

r =¿ the common ratio

7−2 (1792 )
S9 =
(1−2)
7−3584
S9 =
−1
−3577
S9 =
−1
S9 =3577

The Sum of an Infinite Geometric Sequence

 If a is the first term and r is the common ratio of an infinite geometric
sequence,
And if (r) < 1, then the sum of the terms of the sequence is given by the formula.
a
S∞ = if |r| > 1, no finite sum exists.
1−r
Example:
Find the sum of the terms of the infinite geometric sequence 125, 25, 5, …
Solution:
1
a=125 r=
5
Because r = |15|= 15 < 1, we can find the sum of all the terms.

a 125 125 5 625

S3 =
1−r
=
1−
1
=
4
=125
4
= ()
4
5 5
625
The sum of all the terms of the sequence 125, 25, 5, … is
4
Example:
1
Find the sum of the terms of the infinite geometric sequence 64, -4, ,…
4
Solution:
1
a=64 r =
−1
16
Because r =
−1
| |
= < 1,we can find the sum of all the terms.
16 16
a 64 64 16 1024
S3 =
1−r
=
1−(
−1
)
= =64
17 17 ( )
=
17
16 16
1 1024
The sum of all the terms of the sequence 64, -4, , … is
4 17
Example:
Find the sum of all the terms of the infinite geometric sequence 1, 2, 4, 8, …
Solution:
Since r = 2 (by inspection), an infinite sum does not exist.

B. ACTIVITY 1: Answer page 32 (1-9)

See Learner’s Activity Sheet at the back for your answer.
C. ACTIVITY 2: Answer page 32 (10-21)
See Learner’s Activity Sheet at the back for your answer.
 D. ACTIVITY 3: Answer page 32-33 (22-33)
See Learner’s Activity Sheet at the back for your answer.
E. ACTIVITY 4: See attached Learner’s Activity Sheet at the back.

***For inquiries please call or text 09654453337 (Mr. Kevin Espiritu)

LEARNER’S ACTIVITY SHEET

MATHEMATICS 10
FIRST QUARTER – LESSON 3

NAME: _________________________________________________________ SCORE: ___________

TEACHER: _________________________________________________________________________

ACTIVITY 1: Answer
ACTIVITY 2: Answer

ACTIVITY 3: Answer
ACTIVITY 4:
A. Determine if the sequence is a geometric sequence or not. Then find the common ratio (r) of
each geometric sequence.

1. 1, 5, 25, 125, 625, …

1 1 1 1 1 1
2. 2 ,− 4 , 8 ,− 16 , 32 ,− 64 , …
1 1 1 1
3. 2 , 6 , 18 , 54

4. 4 , 9 ,16 ,25
5. -2, 4, -8, 16
a a a a
6. b , b2 , b3 , b4

7. 6 , 12 ,24 , 48 , …
8. 5 , 10 ,15 , 20 , 25 , …
 1 1 1
9. −1 , 3 ,− 4 , 27 , …

10. 1, 8, 27, 64

B. Find the first five terms of each geometric sequence with the given first term and common
ratio.
1
11. a 1=10 ,r =
2
1
12. a 1=12, r =
3
−1
13. a 1=
4
, r=−2

−1
14. a 1=
16
, r=−4

15. a 1=3 , r=−3

C. Use the formula for the nth partial sum of a geometric sequence to answer the following:

16. Find the sum of the first six terms of the geometric sequence 2, 6, 18, …

17. Find the sum of the first seven terms of the geometric sequence 3, 6, 12, …

18. Find the sum of the first five terms of the geometric sequence 3, -6, 12, …

19. Find the sum of the first six terms of the geometric sequence 4, -12, 36, …

−3
20. Find the sum of the first seven terms of the geometric sequence
2
, 3 ,−6 , …