GRADE 10

SUMMARIZED MODULE

Learning Activities:

A sequence in which the difference between any two successive terms is constant is called an
arithmetic sequence. The difference between consecutive terms is called the common difference of the
sequence.

Example

Finding common difference of arithmetic sequences.

Identify the common difference.

Solution:

a. 3,6,9,12,… d= 6 - 3

=3

b. 6,2,-2,-6,… d= (-2) – 2
= -4
c. 5,10,15,20,… d= 15 – 10
=5

GENERAL TERM OF AN ARITHMRTIC SEQUENCE

The nth term (the general term) of an arithmetic sequence with first term t 1 and common
difference d is:

t n=t 1+ ( n−1 ) d

The first six terms are 5,2,-1,-4,-7,-10

Example :

Finding a specified term of an arithmetic sequence.

Find t 25, the 25th term, in the arithmetic sequence: -6,-2,2,6,…

Solution:

d=t 2−t 1 t 1=−6

d= (-2)-(-6) n = 25

d= 4
We have now the value of t 1, n and d. Now substitute it to our general nth term formula.

t n =t 1+ ( n−1 ) d

t 25=(−6 ) +25−1 ¿(4 )

t 25=(−6 ) +96

t 25=90

The 25th term of the sequence -6,-2,2,6,… is 90.

ARITHMETIC MEANS

The terms between two given terms of an arithmetic sequence are called arithmetic means of the
given terms.

Example:

Insert two arithmetic means between 8 and 23.

Solution:

8,?,?,23

t 1=8 , t 4=23

t n=t 1+ ( n−1 ) d

23=8+(4-1)d

d=5

The two arithmetic means are 13 and 18.

GEOMETRIC MEANS

LESSON ACTIVITY

What is a geometric sequence?

A sequence in which each term after the first is obtained by multiplying the first by a nonzero
constant is called a geometric sequence or a geometric progression. The amount by which we multiply
each time is called the common ratio of the sequence.

EXAMPLE 1.
 FINDING COMMON RATIOS OF GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE

SOLUTION:

Find the common ratio. Divide any term by its predecessor.

6 12 24
a. 3,6,12,24… r= = = =2
3 6 12
−3 3
b. 3,-3,3,-3… r= = =−1
3 −3
1 1 1
1 1 1 2 4 8 1
c. 1, , , … r= = = =
2 4 8 1 1 1 2
2 4

EXAMPLE 2.

FINDING A SPECIFIED TERM OF A GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE

SOLUTION:

−3 3
Find the t 10, the 10th term, in the geometric sequence -6,3, , ,…
2 4

t2 3 −1
r= = = t 1=-6 n=10
t 1 −6 2

t n=t 1 (r)(n−1)

t 10=(−6)¿

t 10=(−6)¿

−1
t 10=(−6)( )
512

3 −3 3 3
t 10= , The 10th term of -6,3, , … is .
256 2 4 256