Officially the Republic of Iraq, its capital is the city of Baghdad.

Iraq is located in the western part of

the continent of Asia, and it overlooks the Arabian Gulf. It is a federal parliamentary state, and it joins
the membership of the League of Arab States, the Organization of the Islamic Conference, and the
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.

It is well-known that Iraq was the birthplace of many prophets, including Ibrahim Al-Khalil, Adam,
Noah, Hood, Salih, Suleiman, Dhul-Kifl, and Ayoub, peace be upon them all. It is also considered a
shrine for many imams; Such as Imam Ali bin Abi Talib, Imam Al-Hussein, Imam Al-Abbas, Al-
Kazimeen Imams, Imam Abu Hanifa Al-Numan and others.

The Republic consists of 18 officially recognized governorates, and an unofficial governorate in

addition to the Halabja governorate in the Kurdistan Region. These governorates have a population
of approximately 37,056,169 people, according to 2015 statistics; Where the Arab sects constitute
80% of the total population, the Kurds constitute 15%, and the rest of the percentages are
distributed among Assyrians, Turkmen, Armenians and other minorities.

Label
Iraq maintained its name “Mesopotamia” throughout the ages BC, and this name refers to “the
land.” It includes the areas confined between the areas between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
Between it and Iraq al-Ajam, which is located in the western part of Iran, and included the
geographical area of Iraq of the Arabs, starting from the Tigris and Euphrates valleys all the way to
the southern parts of the Hamrin Hills.

The country was called Iraq by the sixth century AD, which is a translation of the word Uruk, or
Warka; It is a word of Persian origin and means low land.

Geography
The Republic of Iraq occupies an area of 4,370.72 square kilometers in the southwestern part of Asia,
and the land uses an estimated 4,321.62 square kilometers of the total area of the country. The
northern part is with Turkey, and to the east is the Islamic Republic of Iran, and it is bordered by
Saudi Arabia, Jordan and Syria to the west, and its borders with Saudi Arabia extend to the south as
well, along with Kuwait.

the climate
The Republic of Iraq is affected by the desert climate; Where temperatures rise to 48 degrees Celsius
in July and August, meaning that its summer is characterized by high heat, and the country
experiences rain during the period confined between December and April and records a precipitation
rate ranging between 100-180 mm per year, and mountainous areas enjoy With more rainfall than
any other region, it is worth noting that the country is divided into three climates that affect it,
namely:
Mediterranean climate: It affects the mountainous areas in the northeastern part of Iraq, and the
most characteristic of the weather in these areas is the coldness and the accumulation of snow on
their tops, and the percentage of rain is recorded ranging between 400-1000 mm annually, while its
summer is known as moderation and the temperatures do not exceed it. 35 degrees Celsius.

Steppe climate: It is a climate intermediate between the Mediterranean and the desert; It affects
somewhat in the northern and southern regions of the country, and highlights its impact on areas
with undulation, and records the amount of rainfall ranging between 200-400 mm annually.

The dry desert climate: the sedimentary plain areas and the western plateau are affected by this
climate, and it invades 70% of the total area of the country, and the temperatures are very high; Its
summer and winter are warm, but there are cases of freezing recorded on some winter nights.

Economy
The oil sector dominates the country's economy; It constitutes 95% of Iraq's national income, and
foreign investment significantly affects economic activity, especially with regard to the energy, urban
and retail sectors. The country has been able to advance the quantities of oil reserves, and fisheries
also affect the Iraqi economy; It produces about 105,168 tons of fish extracted from the internal
waters of the country, while marine fish amounted to 5,314 tons, but the mining industry remained
insignificant, especially with regard to phosphate, salt and sulfur