Chapter V: Reported Speech

I. Statement.

S + said (that) / told + S + V (lùi thì)

Eg: “ I’ve been here for hours” said Mary
 Mary said ( that ) she had been there for hours

II. Change tenses

Direct Indirect
1.
HTDG QKDG
HTTD QKTD
HTHT QKHT
HTHTTD QKHTTD
2.
QKDG QKHT
QKTD QKHTTD
QKHT QKHT
QKHTTD QKHTD
3.
TLDG Would/Could + V
TLTD Would/Could + be + V-ing
TLHT Would/Could + have + V-ed
TLHTTD Would/Could + have been V-ing
4.
Should/ Ought to Should/ Ought to
May/ Might Might
Must/ Have-has to Had to
TLG Was/ were going to V

* Đổi trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn

Today That day

Yesterday The day before/ The previous
Day
The day before yesterday Two days before
Tomorrow The next/following day
The day after tomorrow In two day’s time
 Next + time The following time
Last + time The previous time
Time ago Time before
Now Then
This That
These Those
Here, over here There, Over there

III. How to change

1. Statement
S + said (that) / told + S + V (lùi thì)
Eg: “ I’ve been here for hours” said Mary
 Mary said ( that ) she had been there for hours

2. “wh” – question (Câu hỏi)

S + asked (sb) + “wh” + S + V (lùi thì)

Eg: How long have you been here Jack? “said Ann.
 Ann asked Jack how long he had been there.

3. Yes/No – question (Câu hỏi)

S + asked (sb) + if/whether + S + V (lùi thì)

- If: liệu rằng
Eg: “Will you go to Hanoi next Sunday, Bob?” said Ann.
 Ann asked Bob if/whether he would go to Hanoi the following
Sunday and he said he wouldn’t.

* Note: Các trường hợp không lùi thì:

1. Với các trạng từ chỉ thời gian cụ thể
2. Với những câu giả định:
+ Mệnh đề Wish, If only, would rather.
+ Câu điều kiện loại 2, 3.
+ It’s (high) time + S + V-ed.
Eg1: “The sun rises in the East” The farmer said.
 The farmer said The sun rises in the East.
Eg2: “If it hadn’t rained yesterday, we’d have gone out” said Mary.
 Mary said If it hadn’t rained yesterday, we’d have gone out.

IV. Câu mệnh lệnh đề nghị.

S +Tell/Ask + Sb (not) to V

Eg: “Give me your book, Jane” said Mike.

 Mike told Jane to give him her book.

V. V + to V.

Agree Decide Offer Promise

Refuse Threaten Want Expect
Eg: “All right”. I’ll help you” said Tom.
 Tom promised/ agreed to help/ have helped me.

VI. V + sb (not) to V.

Advice Ask Beg Encourage Invite

Remind Offer Urge Warn Expect
Tell Order Wish

* How to use:

Why don’t you

If I were you Advice
You should/ Ought to/ had better
Would you mind
Could you + V Ask
Would you + V
“Please, Please, Please” Beg

“Go on” Encourage

“Come on”
Would you like to + V Invite
 “Don’t forget” Remind
“Remember”

“Could I..” Offer

“Hurry up” Urge

Talk About Damage Warn

Eg: “Don’t forget to take warm clothes” said her mother.

 Her mother reminded her to take warm clothes.

VI. V-ing (gerund)

Shall we
Let’s
Why don’t you Suggest + V-ing
What about/ How about

Admit Object sb to = Against

Accuse sb of Prevent/ Stop sb/st from
Apologize (to) sb for Reproach sb for
Beg sb for Regreted ( trong QK )
Blame sb for Suggest
Complain about Suspect sb of
Congratulate sb on Think of about
Deny Thank sb for
Dream about Warn sb/st against/about
Criticise sb for Remind sb of
Insist on/upon sb Praise sb for
Look forward to Confess to st to sb
Boast about st S + exclaim with + dtừ + bộc lộ cảm
xúc ( that )