-Adj + to + v Noun + to + v

-So + adj + that = Too + adj + to = Such + adj + that

-Purpose: So that + sentence with can or will

To/in order to/ so as to + v

- Since/because of /as + past affirmative (adelante o atras)

Because + noun
Ej: Since you washed the dishes yesterday, I’ll wash them today

-To be bad at/for ≠ Good at

Hopeless at = Very bad at

- Not at all: not in any way (para nada) He was not tired at all
Up to: as far as/ to and including (como quieras) Up to 10 people can sleep in this tent

-Be + keen on/ fond of + ing

-Made/Make + v = Be made to + v
Make sb do sth Passive: Be made to do sth (Mother always makes me help her/I’m always made to help my mother)

- Let/ Be allowed to + v

-It’s …(time)… since / the last time-last/ + past

-What if? + past = What would happen if? 2nd conditional

-Modals of ability:
Can / could / be able to / be unable to
Managed to + v = Succeed in + ing

-Hope + to + v (The person to the person)

Hope + that + will + present simple (The person to another person)
Hope + sujeto

- Like/enjoy/love/prefer/crazy/mad about/hate + ing

- ‘d like/rather/prefer + to + v

-There is (very/only) little = There isn’t too much

-Before/After + ing

-Suggestions: What shall we do…?

How about/What about + ing
Let’s + v
Why don’t we + v ?

-Get/have things done: Subject + get/have + object + past participle

Ej: Liz and Meg  are having their hair dyed (ahora)
Mr. Singer always  has his suits made  at the tailor's shop.
(siempre)
Jake had his groceries delivered two hours ago (dos horas
antes)
We  had our house burgled  last weekend. (el fin de semana
pasado)
Diane has had her printer cartridges refilled. (sigue
ocurriendo)
We had just had our house fumigated. (habían acabado de
hacer fumigar la casa)
You  should have your eyes checked. (deberias hacerlo)
Jenny will have her ears pierced. (va a hacerlo)

-In case it/ It might + sby + present simple = May/Might

-Have got used to + ing (han acostumbrado)

Get used to + ing Be used to + ing (acostumbrarse)
Used to + v (states or actions happened in the past) = Would (actions that happened in the past)

-On my own = By myself

-Tend to + v = tendency to + adj

-Prefer + noun/ing + to + noun/ing

-Seldom: Rara vez

-Advice: Ought to + present = Should

+ past participle (to talk about past) = ‘d better =Sby + tense +wrong

-Had better (not) + v = Should (not) + v

Would rather (not) + v = Prefer (not) + v

- A friend of mine/my mother’s/hers (Double possessive)

-On the time: A tiempo

At time: Con tiempo

- This is / the first time + PastPresent Perfect

This was / the first time + Past perfect

-Must/mustn’t or Have to/Don’t have to + v

+ present perfect (deduciendo sobre el pasado)

-Suggest to sby (that sby should…..) The teacher suggested me that my parents should help me at home

-Sby + verb + preposition + sby + ing (el –ing luego de prepositions puede tener su propio sujeto)
Ej: I disapprove of the teacher travelling with us

- Need + ing (Indirecto) = Need to be + participle Need + to + v (Need to do something)

- Will/ won’t: Prediction without evidence, talk about a decision about the future, to make threat, promises and offers
Be about to + v / Be on the point of + ing: Sthg which is going to happen in the immediate future
Be likely/unlikely to + v = May : Possibility.

- Should (n’t) have + past participle: It was/wasn’t a good idea to do sth

Needn’t have done sthg + past participle : Sthg you did was unnecessary = Sby + (not) + mind + ing
-Extreme adjectives: Absolutely: Hilarious, soaked, terrified, freezing, boiling, brilliant, starving, desperate, huge, exhausted,
amazed, terrible, outstanding, furious

- Make: Decisions, a mess, a noise, sense

Do: hw, housework, the cooking
Get: a pay rise, the sack, good marks at school
Have: a relationship, a headache, have a chat

-Certain = Must

-Tag questions: Let’s stay in tonight, shall we?

Help me with my homework, will/won’t you? (imperativos)

-Annoyance: X is always/constantly/currently nagging me X keeps + ing

I wish + sby + v past + sby (bullying)

-Verbs + infinitive/gerund with a change of meaning:

Remember Forget Regret Mean Stop Go on
+ ing Remember sthg Forget about a Sorry about sthg The result of Stop at the Continue
has happened in memory you did in the past something moment
the past and you wish you
hadn’t done it
+ to Sthg you need Want to do sthg Giving someone Intend to do sthg Stop in order to Do something
+v to do and then but you forget bad news. Refers do something different
you do it about it to the future different

-Empathize: a lot
far + comparative: adj +er +than
much more +adj +than

-Expressing large and small quantities of food:

 Loads of (c-u) 100%
 A great deal of (u)
 A large number of (c)
 Plenty of (c-u)
 Quite a lot of (c-u)
 A couple of (c)
 A bit of (u)
 A little / Very little (u)
 A few/ Very few (c)
 Hardly any (c-u) 0%

- some + count = A few Few= not many – count

Some + uncont= A little Little= not much - uncont

-Advise + (not) to + v = If I were you, I would ….

-So far + present perfect

By far + superlative

-Suspect + sby + of + v ing

-Perhaps + will vinf= May + v = It’s possible + will vinf

-Don’t you regret + ing = Don’t you wish + past perfect

-How long + present perfect

-Warn +to + v

-Fewer + plural noun

-On (day)
In (month)

-Take after + sby from the family

- …… , which ….. (add info) The books, which have red covers, are new.
…… that ….. (limit info) The books that have red covers are new.

-Despite + (not) + ing

+ the fact that + sentence
In spite of + noun

Algo Someone/Somebody Somewhere Something

Todo Everyone/Everybody Everywhere Everything
Nada No one/Nobody Nowhere Nothing
Algo (?) y Nada (-) Anyone Anywhere Anything

-Sby + (not) + sure = Sby + can’t have + v part

-Expressions
 A great deal of  Come true  How much better
 A wide variety of  Don’t need to = It’s no  I can’t wait
 As a result of necessary  I’m all/against for
 As a whole  Drive me crazy/mad  Instead of + ing
 At first sight  Environmentally friendly  It’s (not) worth + ing
 Be a good way of + ing  Fail to (don’t do what is  It’s a good idea
 Be bound to = Determined expected)  It’s got nothing to do with…
(be very likely to/certain)  Fight against  It’s no use + ing
 Be due to (fixed events  Get a pay rise  Just a bit longer
happening at or within a  Get good/bad marks  Lead a busy life
specific time)  Get on my nerves  Mind + ing
 Be on the point of + ing  Get the fright of one’s life  Nag sby about
 Be tempted to do sth  Get the sack  One of life’s…
 Best of all  Give/get/offer a lift (viajecito)  Out of shape
 Can’t afford  Go off the beaten track  Play an important part in
 Can’t bear + ing  Hardly (casi no)  Put your trust in sby
 Can’t help + ing  Have a go = Try  Rough it
 Can’t stand + ing  Have difficulty in + ing = Find  Stay on budget
 Coach surf it difficult to  Such a lot of
 Come to an end  Have no intention of+ ing  Take ages to
 Come to conclusion  Have the chance  Tell the truth
 Come to terms with  Hold a party / a fair  There is (no) reason why...
  There is nothing wrong  Too good to be true  Wind me up
with…  Waste/ Spend time + ing
 There’s no point in + ing  What/How about + ing

-Verbs + preposition:
 Accuse sby of  Convicted sby of  Nervous about
 Addicted to  Cope with (hacer frente)  Objected to + ing
 Afraid of  Denied + ing  Opposite to
 Aim at (dirigido a)  Depend on  Prevent from + ing
 Allergic to  Different from  Provide sby with
 Apart from  Discourage from + ing  Put off + ing
 Apologies for + ing  Dream of/ about + ing  Refer to
 Appeal to  Effect on  Rely on
 Approve of  Encourage to  Remind sby of
 Arrest for + ing  End up + ing  Report of
 Associated with  Enthusiastic about + ing  Responsible for + ing
 Ban sby from + ing  Expect for  Sentence sby to
 Be concerned about (estar  Famous for  Similar to
preocupado por)  Fed up with + ing  Stand against
 Be fascinated by  Fond of + ing  Stop sby from + ing
 Be hopeless at  Forbid sby from (prohibir)  Succeed in + ing
 Believe in  Go about + ing  Suffer from
 Blame sby for  Good at/ Bad at + ing  Suspect sby of
 Bored of  Grateful for  The same as
 Bored with  High in  Think about + ing
 Bother with (molestarse por)  Insist on + ing  Think of
 Capable of + ing  Interested in + ing  Tired of + ing
 Carry on + ing  Keen on + ing  To find a solution to a
 Charge sby with  Keep on + ing problem
 Cheat sb out of sth  Know / Learn about  To find the answer to a
 Come form  Laugh at question
 Concentrate on + ing  Lie to sby  Turn into (became)
 Congratulate sby on  Listen to  Work for
 Congratulated on  Live on  Worry about + ing
 Conscious of  Managed to

-Verbs:
ing forms:
 Admit  Discuss  Mention  Regret
 Advise  Dislike  Mind  Reject
 Anticipate  Encourage  Miss  Remember
 Appreciate  Enjoy  Need  Report
 Avoid  Finish  Neglect  Resist
 Begin  Forget  Permit  Risk
 Complete  Go  Postpone  Spend
 Consider  Hate  Practise  Start
 Continue  Imagine  Prefer  Stop
 Continue  Involve  Propose  Suggest
 Defend  Involve  Quit  Tolerate
 Delay  Keep  Recall  Try
 Deny  Like  Recollect  Understand
 Despite  Love  Recommend
  Waste
time/money

v forms
 Advise  Fail  Need  Shall
 Afford  Force  Offer  Start
 Agree  Forget  Order  Stop
 Aim  Happen  Persuade  Swear
 Allow  Hate  Persuade  Teach
 Appear  Have/take time  Plan  Tell
 Ask  Help  Prefer  Threaten
 Attempt  Hope  Prepare  Try
 Beg  Instead  Pretend  Urge
 Begin  Intend  Proceed  Want
 Choose  Invite  Promise  Warn
 Continue  It’s time  Promise  Would like
 Decide  Learn  Refuse  Would love
 Deserve  Like  Remind
 Expect  Manage  Seem

v + (person) + that + clause = accept / add / explain / persuade / point out / promise / remind / suggest / warn

-Phrasal verbs
 Add up: to calculate the total  Come across: find/meet by chance
 Ask sby out  Come down (with): become ill
 Back out: Echarse atras  Come over/round: visitar a alguien
 Be aware of: ser consciente de, darse cuenta  Come up with an idea
 Be over: finish  Come up: happen unexpectedly (problems)
 Be up to: hacer algo que no está permitido  Cope with: hacer frente
 Be/get held up by the traffic  Crash into
 Blow up: explode, inflar un globo  Cut down trees
 Book in a hotel  Deal with: tratar, manejar exitosamente
 Break down: romper el auto  Do up: buttons, repair, renovate
 Break in(to) a house  Do with/do without: manage without
 Break out: when sthg bad starts suddenly as a war,  Eat out
epidemic  End up
 Break up with sby: stop relationship ≠ Make up  Fall off: desprenderse, disminuir, decaer
 Bring out: produce sthg to sell to the public  Fall out: have arguments
 Bring up: criar  Fall over: caerse, tropezar con
 Call off: cancel  Fed up: very tired of
 Carry forward: llevar a la columna siguiente  Fill in: llenar
(matematica)  Find out: discover
 Carry off: llevarse  Fit in: get on in a group of people, have enough
 Carry on + ing: continue time to do sthg
 Carry out: llevar a cabo, a task that demands  Get away: escape
planification, organization, research  Get into/ out of (car)
 Catch=Take=Change ≠ Miss (taxi, bus, train)  Get on/off (bus)
 Check out: examine  Get on: have a good relationship
 Cheer up: make happier  Get over: recovery
 Chill out: relax  Get past
 Clear up: tidy by removing thing and putting them  Get rid of = Throw away = Throw out
where they should be  Get sby down: make sby feel sad, nervous
 Get to: arrive at  See out: durar, sobrevivir
 Give away: donate  See to: ocuparse de, encargarse de, atender a
 Give back: return  Sell out: sell and have no more
 Give in: dares por vencido, finally agree to what sby  Set t: separar, clasificar
wants after refusing  Set off/out: partir, start a journey
 Give up: stop, abandon  Set off: display firework
 Go back: return  Set up a shop, an organization, accompany
 Go out with sby  Settle down: to stay permanently
 Go up: increase (prices) ≠ Go down  Show off: querer impresionar, make people admire
 Go with: date, accept you
 Grow up: crecer, madurar  Sit down / Stand up
 Hand in: entregar a mano algo a la autoridad  Slow down: become slower, less active or relax
correspondiente  Sort out: Put thing in order, according to kind, rank
 Hand over: give  Speak out: say what you think in public
 Hang out/around with friends  Splash out on: spend a lot of money on sthg
 Hold on/Hang on: wait  Splash out: despilfarrar
 Hold on: have your hands around sth  Split up: to break up, to find a relationship
 Hurry up: apurarse  Stand by: be ready waiting to do sthg, help
 Keep up with: continue/ be at the same level as sby  Stand out: easily seen, better than other
 Kill off: destroy sthg completely over a period of  Stand sby up: not to meet sby who you have
time arranged to meet
 Knock down: demoler  Stay in: quedarse en casa
 Leave out: omit  Switch on/off: prender o apagar la luz
 Let down: disappoint  Take after: similar to and older member of the
 Log on/off (to) family
 Look after: cuidar  Take away: llevarse, quitar, food
 Look at: mirar  Take in: understand
 Look away: apartar la mirada  Take off: land/becoming succesfull
 Look for=Search for  Take over: assume responsibility, get control,
 Look forward to + ing become more powerful or successful than sthg or
 Look into: investigate sby involved in the same activity
 Look up: encontrar en una lista  Take time off: break
 Make out: wirte all the necessary information in an  Take up: star a job, career, sport, hobby
official document (cheque)  Tidy up: ordenar
 Make up a story  Try on: probarse ropa
 Move in(to): mudarse  Try out: use sthg to discover if it works or if you like
 Pass away: die it
 Pick up: agarrar  Turn on/off: prender/apagar
 Point out: say  Turn out: be the result of, happen in a particular
 Pop out: aparecer por sorpresa way, specially one not expected, be known
 Put down: apoyar discovered surprisingly
 Put off: distraer, disuadir, postponer  Turn up = Come along: arrive
 Put on ≠ Take off: cloth and weight  Turn up/down: subir o bajar la intensidad e musica,
 Put out: apagar (a fire, cigarette) llamada de la cocina, luz
 Put sby through to: connect sby on the phone  Wake up / Get up
 Put sth away: tidy up  Watch out: be careful
 Put up with: tolerate, accept sthg or sby unpleasant  Wear out: use sthg so much that is damaged
 Run out of: quedarse sin  Wind up: hartar, to annoy or upset sby, to tell
 Rush out: rajar sby/sthg that is not true to make a joke
 Save up money for specific purpose  Wipe out: destroy completely
 See about: organizar, arreglar  Work out: exercise/ find a solution to a
 See off: despedir a una persona en el tren o avión problem/calculate
  Wrap up a parcel, present, item
-Wish:
 Present: Past simple
 Past: Past perfect
 Would + present simple (someone to do or not to do something)
 If only + Past or past perfect

-Passive:
 Present simple: Are/Is + past participle  Past continuos: Was/Were + being + past participle
 Present continuous: Are/Is + being + past participle  Present perfect: Have/Has + been+ past participle
 Past simple: Was/Were + past participle  Past perfect: Had been + past participle

-Impersonal passive:
Be (is/are/am) believed/thought/said/known to + v (present)
(was/were) to have + part (past)

-Conditionals
 0: If + present simple, present simple. (Situacion siempre verdadera)
 1st : If + present simple, will/may + present simple (Situacion real o posible)
 2nd : If + past simple, would/might + present simple (Situacion hipotetica)
 3rd : If + past perfect, would have + participle (Situacion hipotetica en el pasado)

-Mixed conditionals
 If + past perfect, would + v (Unreal past with a present consequence)
If I had been able to speak English, I’d have the job now
 If + past, would have + past (Unreal present with a past consequence)
If I could speak English, I would have got the job
-Future:
 Simple present
 Present continuous (with arrangement)
 Be going to (plan/prediction with evidence)
 Will: promises, threats, spontaneous decisions, prediction without evidence.
 I’m sure/certain + will
 Be about to
 Be on the point of
 Be likely/unlikely to
 Future continuos: Will be + ing (This time tomorrow, at 5 o’clock tomorrow, in 5’ years’ time)
 Future perfect: Will have + participle (By the time, by the end of, by 2030)

-Subjunctive mood:
PAST SIMPLE / UNREAL PRESENT PAST PERFECT / UNREAL PAST
2nd conditional 3rd conditional
Wish/ If only + past Wish/If only + past perfect
I’d rather/sooner + sby + past I’d rather/sooner + sby + past perfect
Suppose/Supposing/Imagine + sby + past Suppose/Supposing/Imagine + sby + past perfect
As if/ As though + past As if/As though + past perfect
It’s (about/high) time + sby + past

-Linking words
o And = Not only… but also = Not only…but…as well = Both…and = No sooner…than = Otherwise (de otro modo)
o Provided that = As long as = On condition at = Unless = If = Whether = In case ( a menos que, mientras, siempre que,
en caso de que, si)
 o Although = Though = Even though = Even if = Despite/In spite of= Regardless of (aunque, a pesar de que, si bien,
inclusion si )
o Therefore = So = Consequently (por lo tanto, por consiguiente desde luego, entonces, de modo que)
o Because= For = Because of = Since =Due to= Owing to (debido a, puesto que, ya que, a causa de, porque)
o So = So that = So as to = In order to (A fin de que, entonces, de modo que)
o Then = Moreover = Furthermore =Besides = In addition to (Ademas, por otra parte, entonces )
o Supposing / Suppose (verbo en pasado si pregunta con how about)

Opinion essays
1. Introduction:
In my opinion
The use of……. Today is widespread. They have invaded every aspect of our lives
…….. is/are useful invention
…….. has/have our lives easier
…….. has become very popular lately. However, there are certain pros and cons to be considered
advantages as well as drawbacks
arguments against….
Everyone agrees that …… However, there are some arguments against such a revolutionary invention
Nowadays….. is very popular everywhere but it I is also controversial
Some people say it is ……. Others believe that……..
While some people think………., others believe/claim that……….

2. 1st paragraph:
First of all / To begin with
On one hand, the benefits of…… cannot be denied
there are number of advantages to ………ing
there are several reasons why people are in favour of……
….. are extremely useful in education

3. 2nd paragraph:
Secondarily/ Next / Then
What is more, …………….

4. 3rd paragraph:
Last but not least / Lastly / Finally
On the other hand, there are also disadvantages with……..
…… have negative effects on our lives
many people feel that ……. is a bad idea
there are people who argue that ……. have brought a few benefits
5. Conclusion:
In conclusion / On balance / To conclude / To sum up
To sum up/in conclusion, despite the arguments for/against ………. I believe/consider that ……..
there are strong arguments for and against …….. but …….
although it can be argued that ………
although it is undoubtedly true that ……

Describing events:
1. Introduction: Which festival? Where? When? Why?
2. Preparation: How is it celebrated? What happens?
3. Celebration: Food and drink?
 4. Conclusion: How does it end? How important is?

Description of a person
1. Presentation: Why you choose that person? When? Where?
2. Describe it physically and personality
3. Achievements

Letters of complaint:
1. Address and date
2. Name and the address of the company
3. Begin the letter
Dear Sir or Madam,
Dear Mr White / Ms Reid,

4. 1st paragraph: Give your reasons for writing

I’m writing in connection with….
to make a complain about….
to complain about….
about a fault in a TV/camera/phone…
about a problem with my course/hotel reservation/holiday…
to express my strong dissatisfaction at/with….
Strong
I wish to bring to your attention a problem which arose due to your inefficiency

5. 2nd paragraph: Explain in detail

I bought it/them from Super Stores on (5 may)
I bought a watch/mobile phone/dress at your store
yesterday
I visited your restaurant/hotel last week
I started a course at you language school (ten days ago)
We had a terrible meal because…
The room was very noisy/dirty and the service was
slow/terrible
The (battery) does not work
There is a problem with (the remote control)
It’s impossible to (use the phone camera)
There is a fault in the (controls)
It broke two days after I bought it
The (remote control) was missing
The (TV) suddenly stopped working
The course is very disorganized

6. 3rd paragraph: Saying what you expect

Could you please send me…. I feel/believe that I am entitled to a refund
I would like a refund/replacement I hope that this matter can be resolved/dealt with promptly
I enclose a copy of the receipt I insist on a full refund/… or
Stron
I would be grateful if you could repair/replace the I shall be forced to take legal action/the matter further….
g
camera/phone/watch I hope that I will not be forced to take further action

7. Say that you expect a reply

I look forward to hearing from you in a near future/ as soon as possible
your prompt response

8. Sign off and wirte your name

Yours sincerely, (with Dear + name)
Yours faithfully, (with Dear Sir or Madam)

9. Print your name underneath or write in capital letters

Formal letter asking for information
1. Address and date
2. Name and the address of the company
3. Begin the letter
Dear Sir or Madam,
Dear Mr. White / Mrs Reid,
4. 1st paragraph: Give your reasons for writing: My name is….and I am writing you because I need information about….,
I  am  writing  to  you  in  connection  with…
nd
5. 2 paragraph: Explain in detail: Could you please tell me
Would you mind telling
Is it possible to know
I would greatly appreciate it if
Could you possibly let me know
I was wondering whether it would be possible
I would like to know + indirect questions (WH/IF + sby
+ v)
Would there be any chance of
I would be grateful if you could
I was wondering if you could let me know
Might I also ask
I would like to ask
Do you think you could tell me

6. 3nd paragraph: Saying what you expect: Please provide this information within [number of days] working days.
If you need further information please do not hesitate to contact me on email:
[enter address] or by phone [specify phone number].

7. Say that you expect a reply: Thank you for your time and consideration of my request.
I look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.
Thank you in advance for your attention to my request. I look forward to receiving your
response.
Thank you for your assistance. I look forward to receiving this information.
Thank you for taking the time to respond this letter
8. Sign off and wirte your name
Yours sincerely, (with Dear + name)
Yours faithfully, (with Dear Sir or Madam)

9. Print your name underneath or write in capital letters

VOCABULARY
Adjectives:
-Forming adjectives:
The most ≠ The least + adj The comparative , the comparative

 v + able  noun + al
 noun + ful/less Negative:
 noun + ic  -il + l
 noun + ous  -ir + r
 noun + ible  Im + m/p
 noun + ent  un / in
 noun + y
  Abundant  Great  Muddy  Straight forward
 Attractive  Grotesque  Numerous (sencillo)
 Awesome  Handsome  Nutritious  Strange
 Bitter  Heavy  Old-fashioned  Strong
 Briskly= Quickly  Homely  Original  Stunning
 Catchy (pegadizo)  Hot  Plain  Substantial
 Cool  Icy  Poised  Sweet
 Dazzling=Shiny=Gl  Importantly  Precious  Tart (agrio, acido)
eaming  Impressive  Prickly (espinoso)  Tasteless
 Delicious  Juicy  Quaint (desabrido)
 Empty  Light  Rainy  Ugliest
 Fabulous  Lightmany  Rotten (podrido)  Ugly
 Fairly  Lively=Crowded=B  Salty  Uneven
(completamente) ustling=Hectic  Smoggy  Unsightly
 Few  Long  Solemnly=Slowly  Unusual
 Fresh  Loose  Sparkling  Weak
 Full  Magnificent  Sparse  Wet
 Glamorous  Melted  Spotless  Wide-eyed
 Gorgeous  Military  Sticky (pegajoso)  Wooden
 Graceful  Misty  Stormy  Yummy
 Greasy (Graso)  Motionless

To describe a place:
 Alive  Fresh  Romantic
 Ancient = Historic  Harmonious  Sensational
 Boring=Uninteresting  Hot  Shiny
 Calm  Huge  Silent
 Charming=Delightful=Quaint=  Impressive  Spacious
Picturesque  Incredible  Splendid
 Colorful  Lovely  Stormy
 Compact=Small  Luxurious  Strange
 Contemporary=Modern  Magical  Terrific
 Cosmopolitan (lugar rico y  Magnificent  Touristy
lleno de culturas e idiomas)  Mysterious  Traditional
 Deserted  Mystical  Tranquil
 Dry  Natural  Tropical
 Enchanted (encantado)  Noisy  Ugly
 Exciting  Peaceful  Unique
 Expensive ≠ Inexpensive  Pleasant  Unusual
 Famous  Polluted  Warm
 Fantastic  Quiet  Wild
 Fascinating  Remarkable  Windy

To describe a person:
Physically:
 Age: In his teens, in her sixties, in his early/middle/late thirties, teenaged, middle-aged, elderly
 Height: Tall, short, average, just over five feet, under six feet
 Hair: Black, brown, ginger, fair ≠ dark, blonde, thick, thin, curly, straight, balding (pelado)
 Mouth: Small, wide, cruel, thin lips, thick lips
 Build: Thin = slim, well-built, overweight, fat
 Eyes: Blue, brown, black, slanted (achinado)
  Face: Round, oval, square, long, thin, wrinkled (arrugado)
 Nose: Hooked (de gancho), crooked ≠ straight, turned-up, flat (chata)
 Beard/Moustache/Eyebrows: Thick, thin, bushy
Personality:
 A sense of humor  Frank  Selfish
 Adventurous  Generous  Sensible (sensato)
 Aggressive  Hard working  Sensitive (sensible)
 Ambitious  Moody (chinchudo)  Serious
 Assertive=Confident  Nervous  Shy
 Bossy (Mandon)  Open minded ≠ Narrow  Sociable ≠ Unsociable
 Careless minded  Strong-willed (decidido)
 Cautious  Organised ≠ Disorganised  Stubborn (caprichoso)
 Competitive  Patient  Tense
 Conceited  Polite  Thoughtful (inteligente)
 Considerate  Quiet ≠ Talkative  Tolerant
 Creative  Relaxed  Kind
 Energetic  Reliable (confiable) ≠  Mean
 Enthusiastic Unreliable
 Even-tempered = Easy going  Rude

Food:
 Aubergines Lean
 Beans  Delicious ≠ Disgusting
 Chili  Soft and runny
 Chicken drumsticks  A strong flavor
 Curry podwer  Tender
 Garlic (ajo)  Pickled
 Liver (hígado)  Boiled
 Mangoes  Fried
 Muffins  Rich = High in protein ≠ Light
 Nuts  A strong smell
 Prawn (langostino)  Mashed
 Tuna
 Turnips (nabos)
 Watermelon

-Three course meal: Starter, main course and dessert

-Stay on budget
-Nutritious / Well-balanced diet-menu-food

Holidays:
TYPES OF HOLIDAY ACTIVITIES/THINGS TO DO
o Five-star city break o Chilling out
o Going camping o Eat out
o Hiking holiday o Go sightseeing
o Package holiday o Sunbathing
o Take a guided tour
PEOPLE
o The locals PLACES TO STAY
o Tour guide o Beach resort
o Travel rep o Self-catering apartment
-Get through customs
-Go off the beaten track (disparar del ruido)
-To rough it (live for a short time in bad conditions)

o Abroad o Home
o Accommodation o Inoculations (vacunas)
o Arrival ≠ Departure lounge (area to wait to board o Insurance= (asistencia medica/auto)
the plane) o Journey (long and tiering)
o Check in o Local tricks (trucos a los turistas)
o Customs (aduana) o Pack ≠ Unpack
o Destinations o Route
o Documents o Travel
o Hiring (rent) o Travel agent/agency
o Hitch-hike (hacer dedo) o Trip (short)
o Holiday rep (coordinador) o Voyage (by water)

Buying:
 A fake (truchada)  To borrow money from
 Bargain (item cheap and like it)  To check credit card statement after you buy sthg
 Be in debt online
 Be overdrawn  To get your change
 Better offers  To order/buy sthg online
 Can run risks  To pay in cash / by credit card/ by check (to make
 Can’t deny the benefits out a cheque)
 Faulty item: To get a replacement / a refund/ an  To spend money on
apology  To stay in credit on your account
 In stock ≠ Out of stock  To steal credit card details
 On (special) offer  To trust a website
 Purchase (compra)  To type/send your credit card details
 Receipt/Ticket  To wrap up a parcel / present / item
 Secure website ≠ Website which aren’t safe  Variety of choice
 Stall holder (person in charge of a stall)  Work with safe/reliable website
 To ask for a loan  Your credit card is charged
 To be charged the correct amount

Advertising:
 Brand  Attention-grabbing
 Jingle  Catchy
 Logos  Creative
 People associate the song with the product  Dull
 Slogan  Effective
 To appeal to a target audience  Exotic
 Eye-catching
 Original
 Persuasive
 Shocking
 Witty