Dr. Pradeep's PPT on Bio-Engineering

PPT on Bio-Engineering
By Dr. Pradeep K. Shrestha
Bio-Engineering
BEG499BE
Dr. Pradeep K. Shrestha

References
• Roadside Bio-engineering – Reference book,
John Howell
• Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control – A

bioengineering Approach, R.P.C. Morgan and
R.J. Rickson
• Handout & PPT provided by Subject Teacher

Course Introduction
1. Introduction (1 class)
2. Site Investigation (2 class)
3. Basic Aspect of Vegetation (2 class)
4. Role of Vegetation (1 class)
5. Vegetation Stabilization Techniques (2 class)
6. Small Scale Civil Engineering Systems (2 class)
7. Selection of Plant Species (2 class)
8. Optimal Techniques (1 class)
9. Nursery (1 class)
10. Management (1 class)
PURBANCHAL UNIVERSITY
2015
B.E. (Civil)/Eighth Semester/Final

Time: 03:00 hrs. Full Marks: 80/ Pass Marks: 32
BEG499BE: Bio-Engineering (Elective-III) (New Course)
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
All questions carry equal marks. The marks allotted for each sub-question is specified
along its side.
Answer FIVE questions.
1(a) Describe scope and fields of applications of bio-engineering. 6
(b) Briefly explain causes of land slides in Nepal. Explain how rainfall and hazards
are related. 4+6
2(a) Describe geomorphologic study of slope. 8
(b) List out all vegetative bio-engineering techniques in practice in Nepal. Explain
two of them with major functions and design criteria. 2+6
3(a) Describe how soil strength and stability analysis is important for vegetation. 6
(b) Explain the different bio-engineering functions to address the problems on

slopes. What do you understand by plant propagation? 8
4(a) Explain major purposes of cutting that are used in bio-engineering. 8
(b) List out small civil engineering structures used in bio-engineering. Describe
functional uses of walls in bio-engineering. 2+6
5(a) What is the cause of failure? Explain the different causes of failure in Nepal.
2+6
(b) What is drought factor? Describe plant species selection based on drought
factor. 2+6
6. Write short notes on any FOUR: 4x4 = 16

(a) Gully protection works
(b) Types of boundaries of plate tectonics
(c) Quality assurance and quality control
(d) Nursery Techniques
(e) Selection of Optimal technique
Introduction
What is bio-engineering?
“ Bio-engineering technique means is the use of

living vegetation or vegetation parts, either alone
or in conjunction with civil engineering structures
and non living plant materials, to reduce shallow-
seated instability and erosion on slopes.”
Introduction
What is bio-engineering?
“ Bio-engineering technique means is the use of

living vegetation or vegetation parts, either alone
or in conjunction with civil engineering structures
and non living plant materials, to reduce shallow-
seated instability and erosion on slopes.”
Categories
Soil bio-engineering can be divided into threes
categories:
• Vegetative plantings;
• True Bio-engineering ;
• Bio Technical Techniques (engineering)
Vegetative plantings
• Vegetative plantings are conventional
plantings of grasses & shrubs in order to
prevent surface erosion.
• The living material is not used with structural
meaning.
• The erosion prevention function is carry out
only once the vegetation is established.
True Bio-engineering
• Plants or part of plants (seeds, seedlings, cuttings,
branches etc.) etc itself provide both the vegetative
and structural components of the design.
• brush layers, wattling, Bamboo fencing etc.
• Cutting or branch parts as initial and primary soil
reinforcing and stabilizing material
• During the growing season develop roots and sprouts
foliage. It becomes a major structural component
which grows stronger with time
True Bio-engineering
Brush Layering
Bamboo Fencing
Bio-technical Engineering
• Living materials (plants) are combined or
integrated with non living or structural materials
• Vegetative and structural components work
together in mutually reinforcing and has
complimentary roles.
• Live crib walls, vegetated gabions, vegetated
stone pitching etc.
• Structural elements provide immediate resistance
to sliding, erosion, and wash out
• As vegetation becomes established, roots invade
and penetrate the slope, binding it together
Bio-technical Engineering
Live crib walls

Relative Strength of Bio-Engineering &

Civil Engineering Techniques

Application
• Prevention of scour
• Protection of bare soil
• Stabilization of gullies, prevention of risk of
gullying;
• all slopes where there is a risk of shallow slumps
• any slope that remains bare;
• any area that has failed and needs to be restored
• Rehabilitation of quarry sites and borrow pits
Scope
• Mining and reclamation
• Highways and railways
• Construction sites
• Waste disposal and public health
• Airfields and helipads
• Waterways
• Land drainages
• Reservoirs and dams
• Coastal and shoreline protection
• Buildings and recreation
• Pipelines and site appraisal
Advantages
– Protect all slopes against erosion
– Low-cost and lower long-term maintenance cost
– Environmental benefits to wildlife habitat, water
quality, and aesthetics
– Improved strength over time
– Improve surface drainage and reduce slumping
– Reduces shallow plane failure
– Compatible with environmentally sensitive sites
– Socially and economically advantageous to local
communities
– Cost effective
Limitations
– Depth of root zone limits the performance of
vegetation or bioengineering
– Not able to function in its initial stage
– Root penetration into foundations and drains
– Choking of waterways with plant growth
– Vegetation growth on structure cause adverse
effect on the performance of structural material
– Needs aftercare, regular repair and maintenance.
Justification
• Less cost and less impact on slope
• Provide economic savings and minimize potential
impacts to the slope and adjoining resources.
• Use of native plant materials and seed are well
adapted to local climate and soil conditions.
• Useful on sensitive or steep sites where easy
accessibility is not feasible.
• Grow stronger with time as vegetation becomes
established.
• Even if plants die, organic litter helps growth of other
plants.
Justification
• How?
– By field visit and field observations
– By calculation
– By estimation
– By interviews with local people
– By case specific and site specific studies
End of Chapter 1

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PPT on Bio-Engineering

By Dr. Pradeep K. Shrestha

Dr. Pradeep K. Shrestha

• Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control – A

• Handout & PPT provided by Subject Teacher

B.E. (Civil)/Eighth Semester/Final

Answer FIVE questions.

1(a) Describe scope and fields of applications of bio-engineering. 6

2(a) Describe geomorphologic study of slope. 8

(b) Explain the different bio-engineering functions to address the problems on

4(a) Explain major purposes of cutting that are used in bio-engineering. 8

6. Write short notes on any FOUR: 4x4 = 16

“ Bio-engineering technique means is the use of

“ Bio-engineering technique means is the use of

Live crib walls

Relative Strength of Bio-Engineering &

Civil Engineering Techniques

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