MM435_Corrosion Degradation and Protection

Fall-2021

By

Ramzan Abdul Karim

GHULAM ISHAQ KHAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF MATERIALS & CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

 upco,ming Topics….!!

➢Electrode Potential

➢Cell Potentials

➢Electrochemical & Galvanic Series

➢Free Energy & Thermodynamics

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Electrode Potentials
Standard Electrode Potential

A standard potential refers to the potential of pure metal measured with reference to a
hydrogen reference electrode called as Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE).

OR
If the substances taking part in the process are in their standard states, such that the activities
of the metallic ions are equal to unity or gases are at 1 bar pressure, the potentials obtained
are called ‘Standard Electrode Potentials’

What is Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE)…..????

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Standard Hydrogen Electrode ( SHE )
SHE is arbitrarily assigned a potential of exactly 0.0000 volt
and is used as a reference

Platinized platinum

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THE ZINC-SHE CELL: a special cell

Zinc electrode is
the anode SHE is the
cathode

Zn (s) + 2H+ (aq, 1M)  Zn2+ (aq, 1M) + H2(g, 1 atm)

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 Zn – SHE Cell
ox. anode
red.cathode
overal reaction

Ecell = E (anode) + E (cathode)

Once measured the electrode potential and the accompanying reaction are reported in
the reduction form

Zn2+ + 2e-  Zn E0 = - 0.763 V written as reduction (Standard Reduction Potential)

and not

Zn  Zn2+ + 2e- E0 = + 0.763 V written as oxidation (Standard oxidation Potential)

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Zn – SHE Cell
The standard Zn electrode behaves as anode when combined with SHE
and the measured potential of the cell is called standard oxidation
potential for Zn

The convention is to report all electrode potentials in the reduction form as given
below ! !

E0reduction

The standard reduction potentials of electrodes are tabulated along with

reduction half-reactions.
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Standard Reduction Potential table

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COPPER-SHE CELL

SHE is the Cu electrode is

anode the cathode

H2 (g, 1atm) + Cu2+ (aq, 1M)  Cu (s) + 2H+(aq, 1M)

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THE COPPER-SHE CELL

Notice:
SHE works as anode when combined with Cu/Cu2+ electrode
SHE works as cathode when combined with Zn/Zn2+ electrode

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Standard Reduction Potential table

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Cell Potential / emf
The potential difference between the two electrodes of a voltaic cell ( Ecell)

Also known as the electromotive (“causing electron motion”) force, or emf.

Also called the voltage of the cell (because emf/potential is measured in volts)

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 Determining Standard State Cell Potentials
Predict the natural (spontaneous) direction of redox reactions.
spontaneous ?
Zn + Cu2+  Zn2+ + Cu Cu + Zn2+  Cu2++ Zn

Zn displaces Cu2+ or Cu displaces Zn2+ ? ?

Find the standard cell potential for an electrochemical cell with the following cell reaction.
Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq) Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s)

l. Choose the appropriate half-reactions from the table

; Eº = - 0.763 v

; Eº = + 0.337 v
2. Choose the half reaction with the more +ve (or less - ve) Eo as the spontaneous
reaction on the cathode (reduction):

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 .
3 Reverse the other half-reaction and its potential to make it oxidation

Zn  Zn2+ + 2 e ; +0.763 [notice sign of the potential]

.
4 Balance the number of electrons if necessary

Cu2+ + 2 e-  Cu ; +0.337 Zn  Zn2+ + 2 e- ; +0.763

5.Add the half-reactions and the associated potentials.

Cu2+ + 2 e  Cu +0.337 V (st. red. potential)

Zn  Zn2+ + 2 e +0.763 V (st. Ox. potential)

Zn +Cu2+ Zn2+ + Cu ; E0cell =+1.100 V (+ve means favoured)

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Standard Reduction Potential table

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Predicting which species oxidizes which
one ?
In an acidic solution under standard conditions,
will Sn4+ ions oxidize NO to NO3 ions,
-
or
-
will NO3 ions oxidize Sn2+ to Sn4+ ions

Assignment # 01
Due on 25-10-2021

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