4A ‘She's happier now than she used to be EEGRAMMAR used to and would a Underline the correct words to complete the sentences, 1 day my boss used ple used fo/ woul bel ne hundred yoo 4 We Landen, ye to work ata, un the Earth, vad unui fein a small illage before we moved to would fused tohave a car, but sod. That relly wasn cic’ use to be te b 7 Julia is used to wo she sarted her wn bu 8 Sam got used to/ used University stud © I wase fist morning was a shock. 1U_ etcok me a long ume unifer peting up so eary, so the got us wearing at work h GIN Linderline the correct words to complete the text. Then listen and check Richard Morgan lives un « boa on canal in London. His fe ‘would! used tJ wos used tobe vey diffrent afew months go. Richard “left / used to leave / would leave university in 2005 and got great job n law frm. It was interesting and well paid bue 3 wory hard job. Pickard woe ced t/ got ueed to / ued w work I2-l4 hours a day and sometimes he ‘woul seep! as used to sleeping I got used to sleping atthe office heeause it was so late. Richard "used to role / woul realie | realised that this kindof ite was ling him. I °was used to used to! would spending all my time at work. Ie was normal for me, that wat the frightening thing Richard says. ‘On Sundays Richard Tused ko going got wae to gu mou gu fora walk down the canal and he alvays enjoyed this. So one 5-day, when he had had enough, he “decided / used to decide wor «ned to deciding co change his fe completely. He gave up his Jb. Boughta boat and sald goodbye to his stressful ife a6 9 lawyer. ‘le was a big contra, atl haven't “sed to (gut used to been used tothe ducks waking me up, buts a great life! he say. ‘My family ad fiends wore shocked ae fiat, but now ‘they “ger used to sling! ore used to visting! used to wsting re on my boat and they know I'm happy EAVOCABULARY Cause and result 1 Correct the mistake in eacls seiteie. 2 No one knows what the affect was. Shakespeare language aad a big nfiuence tothe Engish 4 That's the main cause forthe problem, 8 Generally, i's had a positive effect in people 1b Complete the text with the words in the box. affect asavesult cause effect influence is caused by lead result ‘What makes people unhappy? Some poopie think that the biggest {cause _ 1s stress, wether from work or the pressures oftife Certainly, lifestyle has a heavy 4 ‘is Happiness. For example, a poor et can yourhealthant® in ‘ness and disease. There is as a view lat unhappiness oc Jimliness. Friends cn have a nnstive ‘on people's lives because (eds « ‘provide suppor, entertainment and company. I's more ‘complicated with family because relationships ar often dificult and can’ toconfict, ‘and otroce, Tho a cleanly a dificult question to answer,HEGRAMMAR Modality review 1; Obligation and permission @ Complete the conversation with the responses in the bor. Thad to catch the 5:30 Frain a tine during te day. No, | ean work from home on Saturdays. ‘Na, | don't have to unless we have a deadline. No-thad-to get uprat 5:08-this moming: Yes, | can find a seat on the train. Yes, the boss lets us have one day at home, You should speak to my boss! JANE Are you feeling alright? ALEX 5 JANE Why was that? mex JANE Do you do this every morning? MX JANE stat te same for everyone? ey ee ein ee JANE. Are there any advantages of gelling lo wurk way? aux JANE. And the seven ALEX © JANE Du you vel lu wath lal 20 wel? Ag nee JANE. You need to ask fora pay se mex bb Underline the correct words to complete the sentences. 1S fr git iy, soe cae a / Has (Va part in the competition 2 You really can/ ought fo! don't have to read this book aout Jackie Chan. i’ rian 3 Luise inusirt/ desi hove to? shoulo® tain hard because she is ver talented, 4 You musint/ dont have fare not alowed to gct nervous befere the ace, 5 The competition was supposed)! had/ oughtto start st 7-00, but everyone was late 6 Don't worry, you mustnt/ shouldn't don't need fo train toaay, 7. My tainar made ma run/ fo un running ten kilometres. 8 During traning we're not alloned eat/ 10 eat) eating certain food, 9. Dont et them beat to best beating you inthe raced 10. They ware et allowed to forced tn rain in thecal and rain, eventhough Urey did wank ta 4 We weren’t allowed to talk in class VOCABULARY Talking about difficulty @ Underline the correct adiectives for the pictures. REN 1 ale) azduous / strctjourney testing I strict discipline Figorous esting 4 a tichy! 5 tough Ba tricky punishes puting grueling training standards situation sede b Underline the correct words to complete the conversation. KATE So what's ithe tobe a refighle, Willan? WILLIAM es really Sstrightinuscd sre igh, much harder than | thaughl. The taining is very rigorous / awkward lca andthe instructors realy ’stagele/ stretch? demand us. But you've finished al the taining? Not yo. Its oct 20 Satrict? demanding! atghtornard to become. fieiahter. First, there's this “arduous / stralghtforward coat training schedule and then ‘a enveling tricky! ounshina writen test to do at the end ‘Well, you do ike a "strugaie/ punishment! challenge! Itsounds ike a very Srigarous / damanding/ tricky jo. ¢ @IMA Listen and check KATE wun KATE PRONUNCIATION Sound and spelling: u 4 ©ME Listen to the words inthe box. How isthe underlined letter v pronounced in each word? Complete the table with the words Tbr pile ues tar supper Stnase rout nigeria user Sound | Soma 2h” | Somat) ot en ene umoretiaAULA Re RRC | 4 Everyday English CONVERSATION SKILLS Expressing careful disagreement Complete the table with the phrases. ‘Heor-tagreeswtiryou Really, did you think so? That's just not we, Oh, | don't know. Maybe you'te right, but You cant realy believe that | vow wat you mean, but on the other hand No way! Vm not sure about thet I'm afraid you'te wrong there. Goretul disagreement Direct disagreement | don't agree with you. D Complete the conversation with the sentences in the box. T know what you mean, buon the ther hand technology is so central Really, do you think so? Vm not sure about that. They work vety hard h-+don't- owe Some things ae improving: Maybe you'e ight, bul teacliers ae wot the real ule MARK. Education is getting worse and worse inthis county, IMy 10h Ions know. Some things ane impr EAPRONUNCIATION Contrastive stress MAK Le wa? Tee ont aow wa bes 6 SME. y Ge nen othe exchange, Undine ie word uy <_________________________ © each response with the strongest stress, B Oh, Idon'tknow.It wasnt that borin. MARK Ido. Iney spend far too much time messing about an q | ved that restaurant, The menu wes really original. aa B Oh. | don't know. It wasn't that original, uy = 4A Haveyou scen that new shop? It lacks great! MARK Hang on, someone's texting me B Oh, I don't know. It doesn't look that ereat. 5 A | thought the mocting today was far too long © xm Listen ana check. 8 Un, dont know. It wasnt that long.RC eats EMM SCoT Te oT TT cee Urea nL Cy ee eee | St ee eter Volunteer to work as a forest ranger in a variety of locations. You wil eazy out work around the forest, protec the envionment + fea acoommedation + tenining and education * the opportunity to leam new sails ‘You cate about the environment and you ate a good ea Yeu have a basic knowledge ofa subject related tthe “You have good ora and wats HEREADING Read the job advertisement and Carla's email. Then complete the summary with the words in the box. fluently forests outside paople fenget reliable strong stugent Coria wants to apply for ajobasa ‘ranger She isa a and speaks English © Cara, loves spending time“ in§___and other interesting places. She likes to work with ang dozer h (Cala sounds tke 2 ® ita candidate. b Read the advertisement and the email again. Are the sentoncos true or fala? Thor are several aces ound You don need to find somerthere tlie Ceara ha oly been tthe UK once She hos tied her sts Catia thes that the word il not sunive without oes She has some practical oxzerence Catia sword abou the respons Inthofture cho want bo a anger. WRITING SKILLS Giving a positive impression 4 Complete the sentences, Write one word in each gap. Would lke’ 10 apply 0 ea volunteer nthe Wirter Olympics. 2 have always been interested — sport 2. Lumut be move than happy to up my free tie 4 Lam in an excellent te hap athites ane vistors believe that spart brings people together 6 lam looking te heating fram you. rocker Dew Si/Macam, aa the acverisament fr volunteers ta work a forest rangers ‘and | oul ie to phi lama student of envionment eeience in Milan and have travelled tothe UK many times, so my language skis ae vary ‘rong. am aleo a Wendly and eociable pareon who enjoye vwaring with eke ‘Asa student, lamin an excallent postion to explain the beauty ofthe forest to lore and protoct he foret rom damage, I strony bet ha ores te ese or Ue wut Lo Suvi pais te werk of rangers to make poopie var oti In our stuive we have fel trp t forte to etd thoi natural ‘eau avs spn a of eine oulsoors expo Lam sure this knowledge and enthusiasm would hep me iis postion, Tan code al car be an portant part of your team. amt reliable and hardworking, so tis change is ieal for me. When ‘nish university would keto workin this fled, so this isa ‘wonder opportunity. am looking forward to hearna from you. "Yours faith, Cala Rossin EA WRITING 2 Read tie euvertisertent aid tie plas Then waite a application email Do you wun fo be pur of un infernal feu and support the worlds greatest sporting event? Become a volunteer in the Winter Olympics! Responsibilities ‘here are orange of opportunites depending on your ‘experience and sil, for exemple, preparing food for thet, helping inthe mega ene und ile retiny What we offer you + free accommodation * fckets fo events * he opportuni folaam new ‘Qvsiifications You are ohysical ft ‘ou have good oral ond ‘ommunicoton skilsin Engish, Apply or tis job Ike save tevoures Plan Faragraph V:reatoon for writing Farograph 2: your background (work / adueation), your communication skis arsgraph &- your perience, parconalty and other cil, how these make you a cod candidate Paragraph +. why you wart tobe a volunteer, your interest Inport / the Olympics Paragraph 5: doing oxnvenceBEREADING UNIT 4 Reading and listening extension Bloc 2 Train journeys and unwritten rules ibosted by Pau yesterday at 714 pm Well, ve just arived home furious! Why? Something quit sity. really, but very annoying. As most of you reading probably know, | commute to work every day by train. Today. I was standing with, {2 few other people bythe lain Yours te lai pulled to he station. ready to et off. Now. what's supposed to happen is that people get off the train fist, and then the peuple wl are or te platform gat on. It works tier that way Is the loginal way to a il. Bul lou, as soon as the doors opened, everyone on the platform startad to get on and wa had to kind of fight our way of “There was no advantage for the people on the platform to get on, the train ist - they stil had to wait for veryone else to get off and just created contusion, aitnougn 1 suppose they were womedt about finding a seat on the train. Whilst wae all happening | got angry and ended up having an argument with someone getting on. ‘Anyway, it got me thinking. There's no rule anywnere tnat says that the peaple en the platform are supposed to wait and lt the people on the train get of frst. That's just wnat people do. It's an Lunwriten rule, So, what other unwritan rule gan you think of? Do you ever see people breaking them’ And i so, what do you do? Read the blog post and comments. Tick (¥) the c things which are not mentioned by the writer or in the comments, 7 Behaviour on public transport 7 wating in queves Bi cing something to bo plta E Regreting doing sometning rude Gi Paying extra for something DD Read the blog and comments again. Write the names of the people. a 1 Which person mentions something ey do thats pomtess? — 2 Which person compares a past and preset stuation? Which porsen eannet understand 3 paticular behaviour of ater people? 4 Whieh person describes a polite form of beheviou hal ay havea nega result? 5 Which nersan suggests they may understand ‘wy rude behaviour tok place? ‘Sam: yesterday at 7:43 pm Faactly he came problem aa the hus recently Fueryone tries to get on without letting anyone off rat! It dovent lake sense whl the hurry? ene: yeaterday at 11:11 po Another unwetten rule? Waiting In a queue! There ae some places, ike clothes stores, where there are actualy barriers that make you queue, hut generally we Just doit without thinking. And if zomeone jumps the ‘queue? Generally | say nthing ~ at most tend to give them a dirty look, But thats a waste of time because they're already infront of me in the queue and cant see my face! Sara: today at 9:11 am [suppose politely halding a door open for someone is another unvoritten rule. i’ funny because | think someumes ie would be easier for everyone NOt the other person ist directly behind you, yu have to walt for them. and also they have to hurry so you're not ‘waiting too long! But | always do i. If someone doesnt Tl Ure Jour apes for sty thet Ui eye rude, Male: today at 11:15 am ‘There’ rule that used 10 b€ unwrien DUC nove Is actualy written most ofthe time tipping ina restaurant Inthe pas, youd leave money ifyou thought the waiter ‘or waitress wae really good or you had a great time, Now Unfortunately, most oF te ie they aukornateally aud ls or 19550 the pulland you nave to tell them it you dont want to pay it. preferred it the old way! Read the blog and comments again, Are the sentences tnie or false? 1 The orignal writer, Paul, was invalved in avilent station, 2 Paul baloves there needs to be a written rule to tell people to wait befare geting on the train 2 Irene docsr normally argue with queue jumpers, 4 Sara doesn't expect people to hold the door open for he. 5 Male doasn’t agree wth restaurants automaticaly adding the to tothe bil, Write paragraph about an “urritten rule’ in your country or a country you know well, You shauld say: «what the rules ‘+ whether you think the rule is necessary ‘what you or cther people tend to do wren the rue isEALISTENING 2. GM isten to some interviews with snivesity iaduoles. Huw iaity ate unhappy wil thei fil results at university? Tick (/) the correct answer 1 Tone student 3 1 three students 2 1] two ctudonts, 4 Dall four students Listen again and tick (/) the correct answers. 1 What do we leam about Car's summer? «Clie stucied lot during this period. bE He had to buy @ lt of books © FE] He wos very busy at wer 2 Why did Carfind his experience a univers dieu? a [ree nao to pay ait tr me course bE] He has a young family to look after. cE] Me tad tu wurk a study at the same time 2. Why did Gamentha mention the ft she had three exains in two days? 3 [To show that tis was really the ony ifeuly she hod. 1b 7 Because she s unhapoy withthe university administration © C1 Toexpian how ite contrat you nave over your timotabe asa student. 4. Why dint Luke get the final mark he wanted? 2] He had a bad cold during the last two exams b His performance in his final two exams wasn't song enough. Cy He was serious il on the day of one exam. 5 Which ofthe folowing opinions does Luke express? 2 [1] He dosen't think that you ehould have to tako an ‘exami you are seriously i » [1 Hei sure he would have got the mari he wanted i te hau ben i [1] He thinks the iniversiy shui conscer ness conly onthe day af an ean 65 Which ofthe fling statements best matches someting Jnesays? 2 You nee o gta lt of lop to suoood ot univer 8 Cisne to get a oegee you dont nave mens or amily who hae ied at unary : ¢ [ isbener to goto university btore youre 40, E 7 What co we learn abou Je 4 She hones shel eet chance apnea ve tink noi tht she's finished her curs. Co She's founda newb since she fished her university cour ¢ [7] She thinks it's going to be hard to find a jab even though ane now hobo unveraty ogres. work situation? © Write about an event that has had a big influence on your life, Use these questions to help you: + What was the event? Why was it mpartant for you? + What was your lifelike before How did your fe change after the event? & Review and extension EE GRAMMAR Tick (V) the correct sentences. Correct the wrong, senteives, 1] My gona use to workin factory near Manchester. My arandad used to workin factory near Manchester. 2 (I would preter te ace my en doctor 3 [7] She used to ing by herselt now. 41 [1] The can be the lst ime we come here 5 [1] I hope we could do this again some time 6 Cy Htyou want to apply you shoul fi in this form. EA VOCABULARY lick (¥) the correct sentences, Correct the wrong sentences. 1 [1] Sunday is better cause I'm free then Sunaay is bercervecause tn free ven, 2 1] Nm were that tight fet my heath, 3 Gy ican ead wal suis ur robles 2) My fret trachor we wor sik 5D She let because she fet she needed 2 new challenge 6 LJ Prisons are basicaly fr punish criminals. 1 The rules of te game are as folows a whole ts, tnere must be at least five players 2 Ielooks as a matter of tact! itwe were all wrong. 43 There's lt ta do there as far as fey enterlainment is concerned The: enmpatition was enol forthe country 25 a whole eto ~ every Lee 5. She's stil on holiday as far as Yn concemed | know. The tickets are too expensive and as faras lim concemed snow they'e a wast nf money 7. More people live inthe UK than in Spain. As @ whole / 2 matter of fact. the population is 63 milion, 8 Nice fs lovely, but as for/ sfher husband — strenge. he's rather ENS “Look again at Review your progres on po _Bauk. HUN welt can you du inese rings nom Powell 1=notsowell siscuss evens that changed my ie disci an cestine ues ‘oescrne pores “write an email to apply for work.