The traffic stream can move under the same stream conditions with the same speed and

density,
over an extended period of time in an interrupted traffic flow condition. Any uninterrupted stream sooner
or later gets interrupted either by another stream moving under different conditions or by some traffic
control mechanism such as signals, stop signs, yield signs, and etc. The data collection has three parts:
COLLECTING SPEED DATA, COLLECTING DENSITY DATA, and COLLECTING FLOW
OR VOLUME DATA.

For collecting speed data, speed of vehicles can be measured either by using the principle of
Doppler Effect or by measuring the time it takes a vehicle to cross two closely-spaced sensors. Radar-
Based Instrument and Laser-Based Instrument are the two types of instruments which use the Doppler
Effect. These instruments are commonly known as speed guns.

For collecting the density data, it can be a bit tricky. We can use aerial photography, or input-
output study to determine the number of vehicles in a certain section. The type of instruments used is
presence type detector to determine the duration for which the detectors are occupied by vehicles.

For the macroscopic traffic flow models, it includes Historical Importance and Pedagogic Value
such as LINEAR MODEL, LOGARITHMIC MODEL, EXPONENTIAL MODELS, GENERALIZED
POLYNOMIAL MODEL, and MULTI-REGIME MODELS. While microscopic traffic flow models
attempt to analyze the flow of traffic by modeling driver-driver and driver-road interactions within a
traffic stream. A microscopic model of traffic flow is basically a model of driver behavior.