SHRI RAWATPURA SARKAR UNIVERSITY

RAIPUR – 492015, CHHATTISGARH, INDIA

www.sruraipur.ac.in

FORMAT OF THE PH. D. SYNOPSIS

The following format MUST BE adopted for submission of the Ph.D. SYNOPSIS

1. Cover page
2. Contents
3. Introduction:
4. Objectives of the present study:
5. A brief review of the work already done in the field of study:
6. Noteworthy contribution in the field of proposed work:
7. Proposed Methodology:
8. Expected outcome:
9. Bibliography:
10. List of Publications (If any):
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N.B. Six (06) copies of synopsis to be submitted to DRC

 SHRI RAWATPURA SARKAR UNIVERSITY
RAIPUR – 492015, CHHATTISGARH, INDIA
www.sruraipur.ac.in

Study and Analysis of various issues of Coal mining in our

Society and Solve it using a hybrid approaches

Synopsis submitted to

Shri Rawatpura Sarkar University

Raipur, Chhattisgarh

FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY

IN
Mechanical Engineering
By
Suresh Chandra Dansena

Under the Supervision of

Dr. Ajay Kumar Gupta

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Research Center
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Shri Rawatpura Sarkar University
Raipur, Chhattisgarh – 492015.

2020
 SHRI RAWATPURA SARKAR UNIVERSITY
RAIPUR – 492015, CHHATTISGARH, INDIA
www.sruraipur.ac.in

INTRODUCTION

India is the second-largest producer and importer of coal in the world. Over the
decades, the value of mineral production has increased. According to the official
website of Government India, Ministry of Coal, The production of coal from all
over India was 728.72 million tons in 2018-19 while during 2019-20 it was
approximately 729.10 million tons which indicates that it was 0.05% positive
growth. The Indian government has rapidly improved on the mining sector,
including coal, to revive the economy because mining plays an important role in
improving the economic aspects of country. This sector is playing a vital role to
generate employment opportunities and Government of India is earning good
revenues from this sectors. On other hand Coal mining generates negative impact
on environment like air, water, noise pollution and loss of cultivable land.

Exploitation of natural resource affects global scenario specially those villages

which are closer to mining areas[2]. They have faced a lot of problems in each
steps of the mining process starting from its excavation to loading and unloading
coal by producing dusts and radiation, shown in figure 1, which have a direct
negative impact on their health again during the drilling and blasting sound noise,
air noise

and many more issues are generated and it have direct affect to health which are
burning problems in our society near to mining areas.
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RAIPUR – 492015, CHHATTISGARH, INDIA
www.sruraipur.ac.in

Figure1: During the Loading.

Coal mining and Our Society

Coal is one of the most available fossil fuels around the globe and fills a major part
of energy. We know that Coal India Limited is one of the largest coal producers in
the word which is aiming to cross one billion tons of coal production for import
(fig 2). In June 2020, Honorable Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi has launched
41 commercial coal mines and said that India will turn the COVID-19 crisis into an
opportunity for making the country self-reliant in the energy sector. Mr. Nandikesh
Sivalingam, Director of the Center for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA),
is working on various issues in clean energy[3]. A typical coal mining area is
affected by air, water, soil pollution and land structure. Apart of this, some
important areas are missing which are health of society, damage environment and
losing natural resources for which all the researcher in this field should find the
good solutions. Here I have tried to explore the impact of mining on local
environment and our society. In the first stage, I have focused on all those villages
which are near the mines and found many issues for examples regular disposal of
millions of wasted water into the nearby water bodies is the main cause of water
 SHRI RAWATPURA SARKAR UNIVERSITY
RAIPUR – 492015, CHHATTISGARH, INDIA
www.sruraipur.ac.in

pollution in drinking water for a society. Due to the coal mining activity[4] both
surface water and ground water are becoming dangerous of health.

The burning of coal releases harmful substances such as SO 2, NO, CO2 with
particles[5,6] of dust and ash which have been recorded in coal burning areas. It is
globally accepted that coal mining adversely affects the local societies.

Figure 2: Coal production in India

Coal mining and Employee

Mainly I have focused on underground mine ( Figure 3), Environment of

underground mine working in India has been very dangerous due to constricted
 SHRI RAWATPURA SARKAR UNIVERSITY
RAIPUR – 492015, CHHATTISGARH, INDIA
www.sruraipur.ac.in

geometry, darkness around, suffocating atmosphere, heat and humidity. Working

under poor light, heat humidity and thermal stress have founded any casualties of
the employee [7,10]. Air conditioning atmosphere in underground mines should be
adapted but it has been followed in rare company. Over all I have found that here
are some problems in physical environment in terms of heat, light, humidity,
vibration, dust and fumes in underground coal mining

Figure 3: coal mining in underground

Various Issues due to Coal Mining on Society

Following are the various issues[11] due to coal mining on our society in India.
 SHRI RAWATPURA SARKAR UNIVERSITY
RAIPUR – 492015, CHHATTISGARH, INDIA
www.sruraipur.ac.in

1. Since a large number of casualties happened by coal mining inside the coal
mine’s company which is a serious issues of the society, continuous increasing
depth in coal mines accidents becomes more and more serious, which prevent
by using recent technology,

2. There are some negative impacts from coal mining in our society like loss of
forest areas[14], less of cultivable land, pollution in air, decrease in rainfall,
damage in water quality, loss of river and lake.

3. During drilling, blasting, loading and unloading, coal produces dusts,

radiations[12] which have a direct negative impact on health of surrounding
communities.

4. Burning coal[15] is the most polluting method for producing electricity which
produces carbon dioxide and other harmful gasses which have a direct impact
on environment and health.

OBJECTIVES

Objectives of my Research work are given as following

 SHRI RAWATPURA SARKAR UNIVERSITY
RAIPUR – 492015, CHHATTISGARH, INDIA
www.sruraipur.ac.in

1. To Study and Analysis of existing works and find out the research gaps.
2. To improve working environment of underground mining which is
extremely dangerous due to darkness, constricted geometry, suffocating
atmosphere, heat and humidity.
3. To handle the various problems of local communities due to surface coal
mining.
4. To handle the various issues of coal miner’s workers, officers in various
coal companies.
5. To develop a hybrid approach, which will solve the various difficulties in
our society.

LITERATURE REVIEW

Lars Barnewld, Bernd G. Lottermoser (2020), Paper entitled, “Identification of

digital technologies and digitalization trends in the mining industry[1]”, focus on
Intelligent mining or smart mining in which digitalization is used in mining sectors
 SHRI RAWATPURA SARKAR UNIVERSITY
RAIPUR – 492015, CHHATTISGARH, INDIA
www.sruraipur.ac.in

for reducing costs, improve business productivity with safe environment. Currently
there are 107 different digital technologies are pursued in the mining sector which
monitor to leading consultancy agencies for better practices and strong industrial
growth. Today , the mining sector faces the implementation of digital innovations,
the internet, different software which change the whole business model with safe
society.

Cheng Hou, Yinghua Zhang, Yi Yan (2019), the research paper title, “ Effects of
coal seam dip angle on the outburst in coal roadway[2]”, gives the detailed
explanation various effects of coal seam dip angle which has been evaluated every
angles through FLAC3D software and prevent of the outburst of coal and gas.
Every coal mine accident may cause a large number of casualties and loss of
environmental damage. The continuous increase of mining depth in different sites
of coal mining is most serious issues to solve. This paper has given a powerful
numerical simulation concept, by using FLAC3D software which is very suitable
for large-scale numerical simulation like calculating and analyzes the distribution
of mining stress and failure zone of working under various conditions.

W.R. Reed, S. Klima, (2019), Paper entitled “ Afield study of a roof bolter canopy
air curtain (2nd generation) for respirable coal mine dust control [3]” In this paper

authors have discussed about study of a roof bolter canopy air curtain for
controlling to mine dust. The roof bolter never operated downwind of the
continuous miner, using a combination of personal Data Rams(pDM) and
gravimetric samplers, the dust control efficiency of the roof bolter CAC was
 SHRI RAWATPURA SARKAR UNIVERSITY
RAIPUR – 492015, CHHATTISGARH, INDIA
www.sruraipur.ac.in

ascertained. Very few studies of CAC have been completed outside of the USBM
and NIOSH in which a radial air curtain has been developed by the college of
mining and safety engineering at Shandong university of science and technology
and it is fully described in a computational fluid dynamic study and device.

Limin Fan, Xiongde Ma ( 2018), Paper titled, “A review on investigation of water-

preserved coal mining in western China” Authors tried to explore the effect of
mining in Yushenfu mining area of Jurassic coal field is located in the west of
China. At the beginning of mine development, lacking of thorough consideration
of the geological environment constraints, unreasonable layout of the mine
planning have resulted in a series of negative environment impacts. For instance,
the groundwater table dropped the water quality deteriorated, surface water and
wetland decreased, arable lands, forest and grasslands were destroyed by a large
number of surface cracks

Niharranjan Mishra and Nabanita Das(2017), Paper titled , “ Coaling mining local
envorinment: A study in Talcher coalfield of Indian[4],” Authors tried to explore
the impact of coal mining on local environment It has mostly focused on
sociological impact of mining in air, water and noise pollution. Indian mining
sectors are plying a vital role to generate employment opportunities but there are

some negative impacts on local air and water quality, depletion of natural
resources, decrease in rain fall, loss of cultivable land. As per the official
confirmation of ministry of mines, the country is bestowed with 87 minerals which
 SHRI RAWATPURA SARKAR UNIVERSITY
RAIPUR – 492015, CHHATTISGARH, INDIA
www.sruraipur.ac.in

provides the prime contributors in mica, coal, lignite, iron ore, bauxite, manganese,
aluminum and crude steel.

Varinder Saini, Ravi P. Gupta, Manoj K. Arora (2016), Paper titled “ Environment
impact studiesin coal fields in India: A case study from Jharia coal field,” Focus on
the various impact on Air, Water, Soil. Agricultural land, vegetation, topography
etc. Therefore the Authors have carried out a systematic study on environmental
effects both direction either positive or negative of the coal mining which indicate
that how can effect coal mining to historical, our culture and social aspects. They
have found that a consequence of ignorance of environmental impacts, lack of
rigorous impact assessment and inefficient technologies, India coal mining sector
is not on a sustainable path. Therefore Improving environmental performance is an
essential step towards attaining sustainable mining practices.

Sribas Goswami(2015) The research paper entitled “Impact of Coal mining on

Environment” Explain that coal mining adversely affects the eco-system as a
whole. Coal is recognized that it is the main source of energy in India because it is
a development activity , but it has various issues which affects to our society like
air, water, health, and damage to natural resources although it contributions toward
economic development of the India but it has various effects on the human health.
Coal is mainly mined using two methods-surface and underground mining.

Underground mining is more dangerous than surface for causalities due to the lack
of proper guidance or facilities or technologies or resources. On other hand the
 SHRI RAWATPURA SARKAR UNIVERSITY
RAIPUR – 492015, CHHATTISGARH, INDIA
www.sruraipur.ac.in

effect of mining on ground water lebel, silting of surrounding water bodies and
land are also of great concern.

Sribas Goswami (2014)) The research paper entitled “Environment Impact

Assessment of Coal mining: Indian Scenario” Explain that coal mining is a
development activity , but it is effect various areas like air, water, health, and
damage to natural resources although it contributions toward economic
development of the India but it has various effects on the human health. It focus
on the identification of various sites in different places of India where minerals
exist. It also focuses on large vicinity of forest, farming land and pasture land has
been transformed into colliery colonies or into uncultivated land due to rapid
expansion of the coal mining.

Sribas Goswami (2013)) The research paper entitled “Need for Clean Coal Mining
in India” gives a detailed description about coal mining contribution towards
economic development of the India and various effects on the human health. It
focus on the identification of various sites in different places of India where
minerals exist and in each sites paper explains how can make and what are
working towards “Clean Coal”. It also gives idea of the basic strategies which
reduce effects on environment and enhance to the healthy environment for human.

We know that coal washing requires large water but in future water is a big
problems for each country so it can turn toward a save water and free washing
systems in Coal Mining.
 SHRI RAWATPURA SARKAR UNIVERSITY
RAIPUR – 492015, CHHATTISGARH, INDIA
www.sruraipur.ac.in

Shannon M. Woolley, Ada O. Youk, Paper titled “Impact of Coal Mining on Self-

Rated Health among Appalachian Residents,(2012)”, Writers have focused that
Coal mining is one of the major economic industries for any country but The area’s
need and support for coal mining make it important to understand any potential
health risks posed to those involved and those living nearby. Residents of coal
mining communities have expressed concerns regarding illnesses after reported
exposure to contaminated air and water from coal mining activities; however, it is
unclear whether living near coal mining sites negatively affects health.
Quantitative research on the relationship between residential proximity to coal
mining sites and health consequences has been limited to studies in a narrow range
of respiratory illnesses. The studies found that residential proximity to coal mining
sites was associated with elevated levels of particulate matter and increased
symptoms of respiratory morbidity.

NOTE WORTHING CONTRIBUTION IN THE FIELD OF

PROPOSED WORK
 SHRI RAWATPURA SARKAR UNIVERSITY
RAIPUR – 492015, CHHATTISGARH, INDIA
www.sruraipur.ac.in

.Coal mining is a development activity, which is bound to damage the natural

ecosystem starting from land acquisition[16] to coal beneficiation. My work is

focused to explore the impact of coal mining on local environment. It is mostly
focused on sociological impact of mining in air, water and noise pollution. Since
Indian mining sectors are plying a vital role to generate employment opportunities
but there are some negative impacts on local air and water quality, depletion of
natural resources, decrease in rain fall, lass of cultivable land[20]. We know that
every coal mine accident may cause a large number of casualties and loss of
environmental damage. The continuous increase of mining depth in different sites
of coal mining is most serious issues to solve. Therefore my work if focused to
develop an Intelligent mining or smart mining in which digitalization is used in
mining sectors for reducing costs, improve business productivity with safe
environment for our society in India[31].

PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
During the research work, First step includes the collection of research material by
field survey that is I will visited various coal mining companies and will discuss
with local communities, workers, officers and various society. Second step focus
on secondary data collection. It will be collected from Institute records, journals of
Indian Institute of coal management, book and research papers related to each
mining, after that I will develop a hybrid approach to full-fill my objectives.

Hypothesis to be tested
Due to coal mining the local communities have been shifted from their own land or
houses, therefore they have loosed their social structure and some of faces health
 SHRI RAWATPURA SARKAR UNIVERSITY
RAIPUR – 492015, CHHATTISGARH, INDIA
www.sruraipur.ac.in

issues and hence our society has affected by coal mining. On other hand local
environment has been damaged near to coal mining areas so these are my testing
parameters which we will consider for unit test.

EXPECTED OUTCOME
There are following outcome are expected from my research works.
1. To prevent a large number of casualties happed by coal mining which is a
serious issues of the society.
2. To develop a clean coal mining environment in which local communities
will live happy and healthy.
3. To develop a smart mining atmosphere in coal mining company in which
workers and all employee will work safely.
4. To work for minimizing pollution and maximizing economy growth of
India.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Lars Barnewold, B.G. Lottermoser, “Identification of digital technologies and
digitalization trans in the mining industry”, International Journal of Mining Science and
Technology, Vol-30, PP-747-757, 2020(Elsevier).
 SHRI RAWATPURA SARKAR UNIVERSITY
RAIPUR – 492015, CHHATTISGARH, INDIA
www.sruraipur.ac.in

2. Cheng Hou, Yinghua Zhang, Yi Yan, “ Effects of coal seam dip angle on the outburst in
coal roadway, International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, Vol-29, PP-257-
267, 2019 (Elsevier).
3. W.R. Reed, S. Klima, “ Afield study of a roof bolter canopy air curtain (2nd generation)
for respirable coal mine dust control”, International Journal of Mining Science and
Technology, Vol-27, PP-711-720, 2019 (Elsevier).
4. Limin Fan, Xiongde Ma, “A review on investigation of water-preserved coal mining in
western China”, International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, Vol-27, PP-
711-720, 2018 (Springer)
5. Niharranjan Mishra and Nabanita Das , “ Coaling mining local envorinment: A study in
Talcher coalfield of Indian”, Journal of air, soil and water research, Vol-10, PP-12-15,
2017.
6. Sujata upgupta, P.K. singh, “ Impact of coal mining: A review of methods and
parameters used in India”, Curret world environment, Vol-12, PP142-156, 2017.
7. Varinder Saini, Ravi P. Gupta, Manoj K. Arora, “ Environment impact studiesin coal
fields in India: A case study from Jharia coal field”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy
review”, Vol-53, PP-1222-1239, 2016.(Elsevier)
8. Mayuri Chabukdhara, O.P. Singh, “Coal mining in northeast India : An overwiew of
environmental issues & treatment approaches”, International Journal of coal science &
technology”, Vol-2,PP-87-96,2016(Springer)
9. Sribas Goswami, “Impact of Coal mining on Environment”,Eropean research, Vol-
92,PP-185-196,2015.
10. Sribas Goswami, “ Environment Impact assessment of coal mining: Indian scenario”,
Eropean research, Vol-82,PP-1651-1661,2014.

11. Sribas Goswami, “ eed for clean coal mining in India”, Environment research,
Engineering & Management, Vol-66 ,PP-79-84, 2013.
12. Shannon M. Woolley, Ada O. Youk, “Impact of Coal Mining on Self-Rated Health
among Appalachian Residents”, International Journal of Environment and health science”
Vol-56,PP567-577, 2012
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13. Blan Zlengfu, I Hilary, D. John, “ Environmental issues from coal mining and their
solutions”, Mining science and technology, Vol-20, PP-214-216,2011.

14. Yeboah JY. “Environmental and health impact of mining on surrounding communities:
a case study of Anglogold Ashanti in Obuasi. http://www.dailypioneer. com/state-
editions/talcher-angul-ib-valley-critically-polluted-zones.html. Published 2010.
15. Castleden WM, Shearman D, Crisp G, Finch P. “The Mining and burning of coal: effects
on health and the environment”. Med J Aust. ; Vol-46 PP-195:333–335. 2009

16. . CSE. Meghalaya Governor releases CSE’s study on mining, people and environment
http://www.cseindia.org/node/395. Published October 20, 2008.
17. Guha D. A case study on the effects of coal mining in the environment particularly in
relation to soil, water and air causing a socio-economic hazard in Asansol Raniganj Area,
India. Int Res J Soc Sci. PP-3:39–42 2013.
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democracy. Int Organ. PP-65:507–529, 2011
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32:11, 2011.
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21. Hota P, Behra B. Opencast coal mining and sustainable local livelihoods in Odisha.
Mineral Econ. PP-291–303, 2007.
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New Extraction. Abingdon: Routledge; 2016.
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Resistance. Abingdon: Taylor & Francis; 2016.

24. Chaulya SK, Kumar A, Mandal K, Tripathi N, Singh RS, Mishra PK. Assessment of coal
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 SHRI RAWATPURA SARKAR UNIVERSITY
RAIPUR – 492015, CHHATTISGARH, INDIA
www.sruraipur.ac.in

25. Chaulya SK. Air quality standard exceedance and management in an Indian mining area.
Environ Conserv. PP-266–273, 2007.
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assessment-of-industrial-clusters/. Accessed May 10, 2015.
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Polluted Areas. Ib valley-Jharsuguda, Bhubaneswar, Odisha; 2016.
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30. http:// web2.uwindsor.ca/math/hlynka/coal.html/

31. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/coal mining/model/
32. http://irh.inf.unideb.hu/user/jsztrik/eduction/

List of Publications

1. Suresh Chandram Dansena, “ Study of various issues from coal mining in

our society” submitted in UGC CARE listed journal.

2. Suresh Chandram Dansena, “ Various applications of coal mining in daily

life” has been presented in National conference organized by VGU, Jaipur
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RAIPUR – 492015, CHHATTISGARH, INDIA
www.sruraipur.ac.in

Signature of the
Candidate

Signature of the Supervisor Signature of the Co-Supervisor

Forwarded By

Chairman, DRC