MOREH ACADEMY

RIGHTEOUSNESS AND EXCELLENCE

Ricahuerta Street Cor. A. Bonifacio Avenue, Upper Bicutan, Taguig
Cityamorehacademy2002@yahoo.com.ph
Tel. Nos.: 839-0135; 838-9077 Email:

NAME

•QUARTER • 2 • WEEK •2•

1
1•
Most Essential Learning Competencies
Translates into variation statement a relationship between two quantities given by: (a) a table of values; (b) a mathematical equation; (c) a
graph, and vice versa
Solves problems involving variation.

If you are a keen observer, you will notice that there are many situations in your daily life
when a change in one quantity produces a change in another. For example, when you buy
a sandwich, you pay ₱50.00. If you want three sandwiches, you pay ₱75.00. In other words,
the change in the number of sandwiches you buy results in a corresponding change in the
amount you pay. In this example, the increase in the number of sandwiches results in the
increase in the amount to be paid. However, in other cases, when one variable increases,
other one decreases.
Variation formulas show how one quantity changes in relation to other quantities. Quantities
can vary directly, inversely, or jointly.

At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to;

✓ Translate into variation statement a relationship between two quantities given by: (a)
table of values; (b) a mathematics equation; (c) a graph, and vice versa

Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1-4. For each of the following statement, find the value of the constant of variation k.
1. y varies directly as x, and y = 8 when x = 2
a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8
2. z varies inversely as x, and z = 12 when x = 4
a. 30 b. 42 c. 48 d. 56
3. y varies directly as 𝑥 2 ; y = 45 when x = 3
a. 5 b. 8 c. 11 d. 14
4. T varies inversely as n; T = 500 when n = 10
a. 2 000 b. 3 000 c. 4 000 d. 5 000

5. Suppose y varies directly as x. Suppose also that y = 34 when x = 17. Find y when x = 56.
a. 98 b. 112 c. 124 d. 136
2
6. The weight of an object on Earth is directly proportional to the weight of that same object on the
moon. An astronaut whose earth weight is 200 pounds would weigh 32 pounds on the moon. How
about a 50-pound monkey?
a. 5 pounds b. 8 pounds c. 10 pounds d. 12 pounds
7. What happen to y if y varies inversely as x, and x is doubled?
1
a. stay the same b. half as large c. doubles also d. 4 as large
𝑎
8. Which type of variation is described by the equation = 𝑏?
3

a. direct b. inverse c. combined d. joint

9. Suppose y varies jointly as x and z. Suppose further that y = 60 when x = 5 and z = 4. Find y when
x = 4 and z = 10.
a. 81 b. 96 c. 120 d. 150
10. The principal P invested is inversely proportional to the annual rate of interest r. Find the constant
of variation when r = 10% and P = ₱100.
a. 10 b. 12 c. 15 d. 20

LEARNING ACTIVITY:
DIRECT VARIATION
If a situation is described by an equation of the form
𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥
You can say that y varies directly as x. The number k is called the constant of variation.

1. If y varies directly as x and y = 75 when 2. Suppose a varies directly as b. Suppose

x = 3, determine the value of the constant 3 2
further that 𝑎 = 4 when 𝑏 = 5. Find a when b = 8.

Solution:
Solution:
Since y varies directly as x,
Since a varies directly as b,
𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥
𝑎 = 𝑘𝑏
where k is the constant of variation. And , since 3
for some constant k. Now, since 𝑎 = 4 when
y = 75 when x = 3, you have
2
𝑏 = 5,
75 = 𝑘(3)
3 2
75 = 𝑘( )
𝑘= 4 5
3
3 5
𝑘 = 25. 𝑘 = ( )( )
4 2
Hence, 𝑘 = 25 15
𝑘=
8

use this value of k in 𝑎 = 𝑘𝑏 to get

3
 15
𝑎= 𝑏
8

finally, if b = 8, then

15
𝑎= 𝑏
8

15
𝑎 = ( ) (8)
8

𝑎 = 15

Aside from a variation statement, a proportional relationship between two quantities can also
be described using a table of values, a graph or mathematical equation.

1. Jim washes 10 plates every 5 minutes.

(a). Complete the following proportion table.
Minutes Doing Chore ? 5 10 15 ?
Plates Washed 0 10 20 ? 40

(b). Using the data from the table above, plot a graph. (Note: If we have direct
proportionality, we will see a straight line graph that passes through the origin.)

SOLUTION:
(a). Inspecting the given table and its known entries, we observe that for each additional 5
minutes, 10 more plates are washed.
Minutes Doing Chore 0 5 10 15 20
Plates Washed 0 10 20 30 40
(b) We use two pairs of values from the table, say (0, 0) and (5, 10), to plot the graph.

4
 Amy is preparing several glasses of fruit shake. The amount of apples and bananas she is
using are shown in the following table of values.
Apples 2 4 6 8 10
Bananas 1.5 3 4.5 6 7.5

(a) Graph this proportional relationship.

(b) let x represent the number of apples and y represent the number of bananas used to make
the fruit shake. Set up the equation that relates x and y.

1. In geometry, the area A of a rectangle is shown to vary directly as its length l. If the area of a
rectangle is 50 square meters when its length is 10 meters, find the area when the length becomes
35 meters.
Solution:
Since the area varies directly as the length
𝐴 = 𝑘𝑙
where k is the nonzero constant. Now, since A = 50 when l = 10, the equation becomes.
50 = 𝑘(10)
𝑘 = 5.
Using this value of k, you can then express the relationship between the area and the
length as
𝐴 = 5𝑙.
To find the area of a rectangle whose length is 35 meters, you may replace l with 35 to
get
5
 𝐴 = 5𝑙.
= (5)(35)
= 175 square meters
The process followed in solving previous word problem is summarized below
✓ Write an equation that describes the given statement.
✓ Substitute the given values of the variables into the equation to find the value of k.
✓ Substitute k back into the equation in step 1, obtaining a specific formula.
✓ Use the equation in step 3 to answer the question posed in the problem

If a situation is described by an equation of the form

𝑘
𝑦=
𝑥
you can say that y varies inversely as x

Determine whether the given table illustrates inverse variation or not, the state
the reason.
1. Speed (meters) 1 2 3 4
Time (seconds) 2 1 2 1
3 2

2. Speed (meters) 5 2 3 4
Time (seconds) 10 4 6 8

Solution:
2 1
1. Find the constant product. 1(2) = 2(1) = 3 ( ) = 4 ( )
3 2
The constant product is 2, so the table illustrates inverse variation.

2. Find the constant product. 5(10) ≠ 2(4) ≠ 3(6) ≠ 4(8)

There is no constant product, so the table does not illustrate inverse variation

Determine whether the given table illustrate inverse variation or not, then give the reason.
1. Pressure (torr) 2 3 7 4
Volume (mL) 21 14 6 10.5

2. Pressure (torr) 4 5 6 8
Volume (mL) 12.5 10 12 15

6
 Main Idea
Variation Constant
In inverse variation, the constant product is called variation constant or proportionality
constant.
Given that y varies inversely as x, the variation constant can e solved using 𝑘 = 𝑥𝑦,
where 𝑘 ≠ 0.

Find the constant of variation and the equation of variation, given that y varies inversely as x.
1. y = 10 when x = 2
2. Length 2 3 4 5
Width 18 12 9 7.2

1
3. y = 8 when 𝑥 = 2

Solution:
1. Constant of variation: 𝑘 = 10(2) = 20
𝑘
Equation of variation: 𝑦 = 𝑥
20
𝑦= 𝑥

2. Constant of variation: 𝑘 = 2(18) = 36

𝑘
Equation of variation: 𝑦 = 𝑥
20
𝑦= 𝑥

11
3. Constant of variation: 𝑘 = 8 ( 2 ) = 44
𝑘
Equation of variation: 𝑦 = 𝑥
44
𝑦= 𝑥

If n varies inversely as m and m = 14 when n = -6 find m when n = -11.

Solution:
Since n varies inversely as m,
𝑘
𝑛=
𝑚
for some constant k. and because m = 14 when n = -6, you have
𝑘
−6 =
14

7
 𝑘 = (−6)(14)
𝑘 = −84
Now, the original equation becomes
84
𝑛=−
𝑚
And when n = -11, this becomes
84
−11 = −
𝑚
84
𝑚=−
−11
84
𝑚=
11

If a situation is described by an equation of the form

𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥𝑧
you can say that y varies jointly as x and z

Suppose that z varies jointly as x and y, and that z = 30 when x = 2 and y = 5. Find the
constant of variation.
Solution:
Since z varies jointly as x and y, you know that 𝑧 = 𝑘𝑥𝑦 for some constant k. substituting the
given values gives you.
30 = 𝑘(2)(5)

30 = 10𝑘

𝑘 = 30

If m varies jointly as b and n and m = 12 when b = 5 and n = 2, find m when b = 10 and n = 3.

Solution:

𝑚 = 𝑘𝑏𝑛 Translate

12 = 𝑘(5)(2) Substitute m = 12, b = 5, and n = 2

12 𝑘(10)
= Divide both side by 10
10 10

𝑘 = 1.2 Variation Constant

𝑚 = 1.2𝑏𝑛 Equation Variation

Use the equation to find m when b = 10 and n = 3

𝑚 = 1.2𝑏𝑛

𝑚 = 1.2(10)(3)
8
 𝑚 = 36

A situation where direct, inverse, and joint variation occurs at the same time involves what is
𝑘𝑥
referred to as combined variation. For example, in 𝑧 = , z varies directly as x and inversely as y.
𝑦

Find the constant of variation and the equation of variation given that y varies directly as x and
x inversely as z.
1. y = 12 when x = 8 and z = 4
6 3
2. y = 8 when x = 5 and z = 4

SOLUTION:
𝑦𝑧 12(4)
1. Constant of variation: 𝑘 = = =6
𝑥 8
𝑘𝑧
Equation of variation: 𝑦 =
𝑧
6𝑥
𝑦=
𝑧
3
𝑦𝑧 8( )
4
2. Constant of variation: 𝑘 = = 6 =5
𝑥
5

𝑘𝑧
Equation of variation: 𝑦 =
𝑧
5𝑥
𝑦=
𝑧

1. If m varies directly as q and inversely as the square of n and m = 7 when q = 4 and n = 2.

Find m when q = 10 and n = 5.
Solution:
𝑘𝑞
𝑚= Translate
𝑛2
𝑘(4)
7= Substitute m = 7, q = 4, n = 2
22

𝑘=7 Variation Constant

7𝑞
𝑚= Equation of variation
𝑛2

Use the equation to find m when q = 10 and n = 5

7(10)
𝑚=
52
70
𝑚=
25
𝑚 = 2.8

9
 2. Ohm’s Law for an electric circuit states that the current I varies directly as the electromotive
force E and inversely as the resistance R. If the current is 10 amperes, the electromotive force is 110
volts and the resistance is 11 ohms. Find the current for an electromotive force of 220 volts and the
resistance of 5 ohms.
Solution:
Let I represent the current
E represent the electromotive force
R represent the resistance
𝑘𝐸
𝐼= Translate
𝑅
𝑘(110 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠)
10 𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑒 = Substitute I = 110 amperes, E = 110 volts and R = 11 ohms
11 𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠

10 = 10𝑘 Divide both side by 10

𝑘=1 Variation Constant

𝐸
𝐼= Equation of variation
𝑅

Use the equation to find I when E = 220 volts and R = 5 ohms

220 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
𝐼= = 44 𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠
5 𝑜ℎ𝑚𝑠
The current is 44 amperes.

1. The electrical resistance of wire varies directly as its length and inversely as the square of
its diameter. If a wire 1.62 cm long and 0.09 cm in diameter has a resistance of 2 ohms, what is the
resistance of a wire of the same material which has a length of 31 cm and a diameter of 0.10 cm?

GENERALIZATION:

❖ If a situation is described by an equation of the form 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥, you can say that y varies
directly as x. The number k is called the constant of variation.
𝑘
❖ If a situation is described by an equation of the form 𝑦 = 𝑥 , you can say that y varies
inversely as x
❖ If a situation is described by an equation of the form 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥𝑧, you can say that y varies
jointly as x and z
❖ A situation where direct, inverse, and joint variation occurs at the same time involves
𝑘𝑥
what is referred to as combined variation. For example, in 𝑧 = , z varies directly as x
𝑦
and inversely as y.
10
 ❖ The process followed in solving previous word problem is summarized below
o Write an equation that describes the given statement.
o Substitute the given values of the variables into the equation to find the value of
k.
o Substitute k back into the equation in step 1, obtaining a specific formula.
o Use the equation in step 3 to answer the question posed in the problem

Direction: Read and analyze each question. Write the letter of your
answer before the number.
1-6. Solve the following word problems involving variations.
1. y varies directly as x; y = 35 when x = 5. Find y when x = 12.
a. 84 b. 343/81 c. 36 d. 12
2. y varies directly as x; y = 8 when x = 2. Find y when x = 9.
a. 76 b. 343/81 c. 36 d. 12
3. w varies directly as x. Find w when x = 4, given that w = 9 when x = 3.
a. 76 b. 343/81 c. 36 d. 12

4. y varies directly as 𝑥 2 ; y = 7 when x = 9. Find y when x = 7.

a. 76 b. 343/81 c. 36 d. 12
5. y varies inversely as x; y = 10 when x = 5. Find y when x = 2.
a. 25 b. 34 c. 36 d. 15
6. z varies directly as a. Find z when a = 3, given that z = 20 when a = 4.
a. 25 b. 34 c. 36 d. 15
7-10. For each of the following statements, determine the value of the constant of variation k.
7. D varies directly as E and inversely as F; D = 9 when E = 12 and F = 4
a. 3 b. 2 c. 10 d. 13
8. z varies jointly as w and y; z = 72 when w = 18 and y = 2
a. 3 b. 2 c. 10 d. 13
9. y varies jointly as x and the cube of z; y = 120 when x = 5 and z = 2
a. 3 b. 2 c. 10 d. 13
1
10. w varies jointly as x and y, and w = 15 when x = 2 and y = 3

a. 3 b. 2 c. 10 d. 13

11
 MOREH ACADEMY
Ricahuerta Street Cor. A. Bonifacio Avenue, Upper Bicutan, Taguig City
Te l. Nos.: 839-0135; 838-9077 Email: morehacademy2002@yahoo.com.ph

Name Date

Grade &
Teacher Mr. Erick G. Abardo
Section

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Subject/ Learning Area: _____MATHEMATICS 9_____

Activity #2: Variation

If a situation is described by an equation of the form 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥, you can say that y varies
directly as x. The number k is called the constant of variation.
𝑘
If a situation is described by an equation of the form 𝑦 = 𝑥 , you can say that y varies
inversely as x
If a situation is described by an equation of the form 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥𝑧, you can say that y varies
jointly as x and z
A situation where direct, inverse, and joint variation occurs at the same time involves what is
𝑘𝑥
referred to as combined variation. For example, in 𝑧 = 𝑦 , z varies directly as x and inversely as y.

Objective:
MELC: Translates into variation statement a relationship between two quantities given
by: (a) a table of values; (b) a mathematical equation; (c) a graph, and vice versa
CODE: M9AL-lla-b-1
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to;
✓ Translate into variation statement a relationship between two quantities given by: (a)
table of values; (b) a mathematics equation; (c) a graph, and vice versa
ACTIVITIES:
In geometry, the area of a trapezoid varies jointly as the height and the sum of the base.

b1

b2

If a trapezoid with bases 3 cm and 5 cm and height 5cm has an area of 20 cm2, find the
constant of variation. Use this and the previous information to set up the formula of the area of any
trapezoid.

12
REFLECTION:

What problem solving strategies did you gain with these different variations
related items?

Rubrics for Scoring:

Category 1-poor 2-below 3-average 4-above 5-

average average excellent
Effort Student’s work Student put Student gave Student Student
shows little for minimal effort to the spent a lot of went above
preparation, effort. Has a project. Met time working and beyond
creativity or few errors all the to make sure the
effort. and could expectations. the assignment.
Lots of errors and have added Didn’t go presentation Did extra
sloppy more to the above and was well research
handwriting presentation beyond. done. Got and work.
help and
asked for
feedback
Understanding Didn’t incorporate Understood Student Student Student
of concepts concepts into a few of the understood understood mastered
project. concepts, concepts and the concepts the concepts
Misunderstanding but still left completed all and did more and even
the ideas and out pieces the tasks in than what added more
principles. and parts of the was to the
the assignment expected of principles.
assignment him/her
Correct Most or all of the Half of the Student got Student got Student got
answer to answer to each problems most of the every every
problem problem were were problems problem problem
incorrect. incorrect. correct with correct correct,
only a few including
errors the bonus
work.

13
 REFERENCE:

➢ Yvette F Lim, Rizaldi C. Nocon, Ederlina G. Nocon, Leonor A. Ruivivar; Math for Engaged
Learning 2nd Edition; Page 113-130
➢ Walner Saturno, Rommel Quiming, Eden Dlight Miro; Our World of Math 9 2 nd Edition Kto12;
Pages 110-133

Teacher`s Remarks/ Comments:

Checked by:

Teacher’s Signature:

Date:

14