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Maxwell - Needle Lab Manual
Maxwell - Needle Lab Manual
OBJECT: To determine the modulus of rigidity of material of given wire by dynamical method using
Maxwell needle.
Apparatus used: Maxwell needle, stop watch, screw gauge, meter scale.
Formula: The following formula is used for the determination of modulus of rigidity (η).
2πl ( m s − m H )L2
η=
r4 (T 1
2
− T 22 )
Where l: length of wire, L: length of Maxwell needle, r: radius of wire,
mS: mean mass of solid cylinders, mH; mean mass of hollow cylinders,
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T1: time period of oscillation when solid masses are out side,
T2: time period of oscillation when solid cylinders are inside
Figure:
nd
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Procedure:
(1) Measure the length of wire using meter scale through which the Maxwell needle is hanged. This
will give you value of l.
(2) Measure the length of Maxwell needle using meter scale. This will give you value of L.
K
(3) Measure the mass of both solid cylinders using balance and do its half, this will provide the value
of mS.
(4) Measure the mass of the both hollow cylinders and do its half, this will provide the value of mH.
(5) Find out the least count of screw gauge and zero error in it.
(6) Using screw gauge, measure the diameter of wire. Its half will provide the value of radius of wire.
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Observations:
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no. (d= MS + CS x LC) un-corrected diameter ( D=d± zero error)
(cm) (div)
(cm) (d: cm) (cm)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
(8) Radius of wire (r)=D/2=……..cm
(9) Least count of stop watch=…….sec
nd
Pa
(10) Table for T1 and T2:
Number of For outside solid cylinders For inside solid cylinders
Sr.
oscillations t1 T1=t1/N MeanT1 t2 T2=t2/N MeanT2
no.
(N) (sec) (sec) (sec) (sec) (sec) (sec)
1. 10
2. 20
3. 30
K
2πl ( m s − m H )L2
η=
Calculation:
r4 ( )
T 12 − T 22
(Put all the values in the above formula and solve it with log method)
Results: The modulus of rigidity of given wire material = ……….N/m2
Precautions:
D