Šta je rezilijentnost?

Definicija - Rezilijentnost je

1. Sposobnost da se brzo oporavite od teškoća, otpornost

2. Sposobnost supstance ili objekta da se vrati u pređašnje stanje, elastičnost
Psychological resilience is the ability to mentally or emotionally cope with a crisis or to return to
pre-crisis status quickly.[1] Resilience exists when the person uses "mental processes and behaviors
in promoting personal assets and protecting self from the potential negative effects of stressors".[2] In
simpler terms, psychological resilience exists in people who develop psychological and behavioral
capabilities that allow them to remain calm during crises/chaos and to move on from the incident
without long-term negative consequences.

Process[edit]
In all these instances, resilience is best understood as a process. However, it is often mistakenly
assumed to be a trait of the individual, an idea more typically referred to as "resiliency".[18] Most
research now shows that resilience is the result of individuals being able to interact with their
environments and the processes that either promote well-being or protect them against the
overwhelming influence of risk factors.[19]
It is essential to understand the process or this cycle of resiliency. When people are faced with an
adverse condition, there are three ways in which they may approach the following situations:

1. Erupt with anger

2. Implode with overwhelming negative emotions, go numb, and become unable to
react
3. Simply become upset about the disruptive change
Only the third approach promotes well-being. It is employed by resilient people, who become upset
about the disruptive state and thus change their current pattern to cope with the issue. The first and
second approaches lead people to adopt the victim role by blaming others and rejecting any coping
methods even after the crisis is over. These people prefer to instinctively react, rather than respond
to the situation. Those who respond to the adverse conditions by adapting tend to cope, spring back,
and halt the crisis. Negative emotions involve fear, anger, anxiety, distress, helplessness, and
hopelessness which decrease a person's ability to solve the problems they face and weaken a
person's resiliency. Constant fears and worries weaken people's immune systems and increase their
vulnerability to illnesses.[20]
These processes include individual continuous coping strategies, or may be helped by a protective
environment like good families, schools, communities, and social policies that make resilience more
likely to occur.[21] In this sense "resilience" occurs when there are cumulative "protective factors".
These factors are likely to play a more important role, the greater the individual's exposure to
cumulative risk factors.

Biological models[edit]
Three notable bases for resilience—self-confidence, self-esteem and self-concept—all have roots in
three different nervous systems—respectively, the somatic nervous system, the autonomic nervous
system and the central nervous system.[22]
An emerging field in the study of resilience is the neurobiological basis of resilience to stress.[23] For
example, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and 5-Dehydroepiandrosterone (5-DHEA) are thought to limit the
stress response by reducing sympathetic nervous system activation and protecting the brain from
the potentially harmful effects of chronically elevated cortisol levels respectively.[24] Research
indicates that like trauma, resilience is influenced by epigenetic modifications. Increased DNA
methylation of the growth factor Gdfn[clarification needed] in certain brain regions promotes stress resilience,
as does molecular adaptations of the blood brain barrier.[25] The two primary neurotransmitters
responsible for stress buffering within the brain are dopamine and endogenous opioids as evidenced
by current research showing that dopamine and opioid antagonists increased stress response in
both humans and animals.[26] Primary and secondary rewards reduce negative reactivity of stress in
the brain in both humans and animals.[27] For example, rats who were given a sweet drink showed
lower distress to a stressor involving social isolation and increased pain tolerance.[28] Interestingly,
the same effect was found in human infants given a sweet drink who subsequently showed less
distress to painful medical procedures, such as blood draws.[29] In terms of more chronic stressors
such as symptoms of depression, a secondary reward of social support increased dopamine and
opiod activity, resulting in reduced depressive symptoms.[30] Additionally, the relationship between
social support and stress resilience is thought to be mediated by the oxytocin system's impact on
the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.[31] "Resilience, conceptualized as a positive bio-psychological
adaptation, has proven to be a useful theoretical context for understanding variables for predicting
long-term health and well-being".[32][33]

ALI !!!

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