MAT110 Assignment 3

S.M. Yousuf Iqbal Tomal

ID:21301129
August 2021

Question N0.1
We know,

f 00 (a)(x − a)2 f 3 (a)(x − a)3

f (x) = f (a) + f 0 (a)(x − a) + + + .....
2! 3!
So,
ax a3 x3 a5 x5 A7 x 7 a9 x9
sin (ax) = 0 + − + − + + .....
1! 3! 5! 7! 9!
By the same way,

a2 x2 a4 x4 a6 x6 a8 x8
cos (ax) = 1 − + − + + .....
2! 4! 6! 8!
Given that¡
∞
X (ax)n
eax =
n=0
n!
∞
X (ix)n
⇒ eix =
n=0
n!

x2 ix3 x4 ix5 x6
= 1 + ix − − + + − + .....
2! 3! 4! 5! 6!
Now that,

x2 x4 x6 x8 x x3 x5 x7 x9
cos (x)+i sin (x) = (1− + − + +.....)+i( − + − + +.....)
2! 4! 6! 8! 1! 3! 5! 7! 9!
x2 ix3 x4 ix5 x6 ix7 x8 ix9
= 1 + ix − − + + − − + + + .....
2! 3! 4! 5! 6! 7! 8! 9!
= eix ....(P roved)

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Question N0.2
We know that the formula for Taylor Expansion,
∞
X f n (a)
f (x) = (x − a)n
n=0
n!

f 00 (a)(x − a)2 f 3 (a)(x − a)3

⇒ f (x) = f (a) + f 0 (a)(x − a) + + + .....
2! 3!
Now,
f (x) = ln x ⇒ f (a) = ln a
1 1
f 0 (x) = ⇒ f 0 (a) =
x a
1 1
f 00 (x) = − 2 ⇒ f 00 (a) = −
x a2
2 2
f 3 (x) = 3 ⇒ f 3 (a) =
x a3
6 6
f 4 (x) = − 4 ⇒ f 4 (a) = −
x a4
Applying the Taylor formula,
1
− a12 2
3 − 64
ln x = ln a + a
(x − a) + (x − a)2 + a (x − a)3 + a (x − a)4 + ......
1! 2! 3! 4!
1 1 1 1
= ln a + (x − a) − 2 (x − a)2 + 3 (x − a)3 − 4 (x − a)4 + ...
a 2a 3a 4a
∞
X (−1)n+1
= ln a + n
(x − a)n ...(P roved)
n=1
na

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Question N0.3
Given that,
z = x2 y 2 , x = st, y = t2 − s2
Chain Rule,
∂z ∂z ∂x ∂z ∂y
= +
∂s ∂x ∂s ∂y ∂s
= 2xy 2 t + 2yx2 (−2s)
= 2txy 2 − 4sx2 y
And,
∂z ∂z ∂x ∂z ∂y
= +
∂t ∂x ∂t ∂y ∂t
= 2xy 2 s + 2x2 y.2t
= 2sxy 2 + 4tx2 y
Now,
∂ ∂z ∂ ∂
= (2txy 2 ) − (4sx2 y)
∂t ∂s ∂t ∂t
∂2z
= 2xy 2
∂s∂t

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Question N0.4
Given that,
T = xy + sin (yz)
Rate of change of temperature in x-direction,
∂
T
∂x
∂
⇒ xy + sin (yz)
∂x
=y
Rate of change of temperature in y-direction,
∂
⇒ xy + sin (yz)
∂y

= x + z cos (yz)
Rate of change of temperature in z-direction,
∂
⇒ xy + sin (yz)
∂z
= y cos (yz)

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Question N0.5
Given that,
2
κ2 t
u(x, t) = e−α sin(κx)
Now,
∂u 2 2 ∂ ∂ 2 2
= e−α κ t sin(κx) + (e−α κ t ) sin(κx)
∂t ∂t ∂t
2 2 ∂ ∂ 2 2
ut = e−α κ t sin(κx) + (e−α κ t )
∂t ∂t
2
κ2 t
= 0 + e−α (−α2 κ2 ). sin(κx)
2
κ2 t
= −α2 κ2 e−α sin(κx)
Now,
2
κ2 t ∂ ∂ −α2 κ2 t
ux = e−α sin(κx) + (e ) sin(κx)
∂x ∂x
2
κ2 t
= e−α .κ cos(κx)
And,
2
κ2 t ∂ ∂ 2 2
uxx = e−α . (κ cos(κx)) + κ cos(κx). (e−α κ t )
∂x ∂x
2
κ2 t
= −κ2 e−α sin(κx)
Now,
2
κ2 t
α2 uxx = −α2 κ2 e−α sin(κx)
So,
ut = α2 uxx (P roved)

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Question N0.6
Given that,
y
w=
x+y+z
We have to find,
∂w ∂w ∂w
+ −
∂x ∂y ∂z
Now,
∂w ∂ y
= ( )
∂x ∂x x + y + z
∂ 1
= y. ( )
∂x x + y + z
∂
=y ((x + y + z)−1 )
∂x
1 ∂
=− (x + y + z)[Chain − Rule]
(x + y + z)2 ∂x
1
= y(− .1)
(x + y + z)2
y
=−
(x + y + z)2
Now,
∂w ∂ y
= ( )
∂y ∂y x + y + z
∂ ∂
∂y (y)(x + y + z) − ∂y (x + y + z)(y)
=
(x + y + z)2
1.(x + y + z) − 1.y
=
(x + y + z)2
x+z
=
(x + y + z)2
Now,
∂w ∂ y
= ( )
∂z ∂z x + y + z
∂ 1
= y. ( )
∂z x + y + z
∂
=y ((x + y + z)−1 )
∂z
1 ∂
=− (x + y + z)[Chain − Rule]
(x + y + z)2 ∂z
1
= y(− .1)
(x + y + z)2

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 y
=−
(x + y + z)2
So now,
∂w ∂w ∂w
+ −
∂x ∂y ∂z
y x+z y
= (− )+( ) − (− )
(x + y + z)2 (x + y + z)2 (x + y + z)2
x+z
=
(x + y + z)2

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Screenshots

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