x Machine Drawing

The principles of working, place of application and method of assembly of all the machine
elements dealt with in the book will make the student thorough with the subject of mechanical
engineering in general. This will also make the student understand what he is drawing instead
of making the drawings mechanically.
This book is intended as a text book for all mechanical engineering students, both at
degree and diploma level and also students of AMIE. The contents of the book are planned,
after thoroughly referring the syllabi requirements of various Indian universities and AMlE
courses.
The chapter on Jigs and Fixtures is intended to familiarise the students, with certain
production facilities required for accurate machining/fabrication in mass production.
The chapters on Limits, Tolerances and Fits and Surface Roughness are intended to
correlate drawing to production. In this, sufficient stress is given to geometrical tolerances
which is not found in any of the textbooks on the topic. The student, to understand production
drawings, must be thorough in these topics.
The chapter on Blue Print Reading has been included to train the student to read and
understand complicated drawings, including production drawings. This will be of immense use
to him, later in his career.
Chapters on Assembly Drawings and Part Drawings are planned with a large number of
exercises drawn from wide range of topics of mechanical engineering. The assemblies are selected
such that they can be practiced in the available time in the class. The projects like lathe gear
box and automobile gear box are developed and included in the chapter on part drawings.
These are mentioned in most of the latest syllabi but not found in any of the available books on
the subject.
A separate chapter on Production Drawings has been included, to train the student in
industrial draughting practices. These types of drawings only guide the artisan on the shop
floor to the chief design engineer, in successful production of the product.
We hope that this book will meet all the requirements of the students in the subject and
also make the subject more interesting.
Any suggestions and contribution from the teachers and other users, to improve the
content of the text are most welcome.

TIRUPATI
August, 1994 AUTHORS
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Foreword v
Preface to Third Edition vii
Preface to First Edition ix

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1.1 Graphic Language 1
1.1.1 General 1
1.1.2 Importance of Graphic Language 1
1.1.3 Need for Correct Drawings 1
1.2 Classification of Drawings 2
1.2.1 Machine Drawing 2
1.2.2 Production Drawing 2
1.2.3 Part Drawing 2
1.2.4 Assembly Drawing 3

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2.1 Introduction 10
2.2 Drawing Sheet 10
2.2.1 Sheet Sizes 10
2.2.2 Designation of Sizes 10
2.2.3 Title Block 11
2.2.4 Borders and Frames 11
2.2.5 Centring Marks 12
2.2.6 Metric Reference Graduation 12
2.2.7 Grid Reference System (Zoning) 13
2.2.8 Trimming Marks 13
2.3 Scales 13
2.3.1 Designation 13
2.3.2 Recommended Scales 13
2.3.3 Scale Specification 13
2.4 Lines 14
2.4.1 Thickness of Lines 15
2.4.2 Order of Priority of Coinciding Lines 16
2.4.3 Termination of Leader Lines 17
2.5 Lettering 18
2.5.1 Dimensions 18