CHAPTER 2

Information
System and
Technology

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 Objectives
✓Define Information system and Information Technology
✓Explain the parts of an information system
✓Distinguish between system software and application software.
✓Discuss the three kinds of system software programs.
✓Define data and how data are stored.

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 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) (IT) ‫تكنولوجيا املعلومات‬
Information technology (IT) is the combination of computer
technologies and telecommunications equipment.
IT is the study, design, implement, support and manage computer-
based information systems
.‫( ھﻲ ﻣﺰﯾﺞ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻘﻨﯿﺎت اﻟﻜﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ وﻣﻌﺪات اﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻت اﻟﺴﻠﻜﯿﺔ واﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﯿﺔ‬IT) ‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬
( . ‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ھﻲ دراﺳﺔ وﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ وﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ ودﻋﻢ وإدارة ﻧﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺑﯿﺔ‬
Applications of Information Technology (IT) include many fields such as:
 Education: electronic libraries, e-learning
 Entertainment: streaming videos, online gaming
 Business: online stores, online banking
 Communication: video calls, e-mails
:‫( اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻت ﻣﺜﻞ‬IT) ‫ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬
‫ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ‬، ‫ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎت اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺔ‬:‫• اﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻢ‬
‫ اﻷﻟﻌﺎب ﻋﺒﺮ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬، ‫ ﻣﻘﺎطﻊ اﻟﻔﯿﺪﯾﻮ اﻟﻤﺘﺪﻓﻘﺔ‬:‫• اﻟﺘﺮﻓﯿﮫ‬
‫ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻓﯿﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬، ‫ اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺟﺮ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬:‫• اﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬
(‫ رﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺪ اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ‬، ‫ ﻣﻜﺎﻟﻤﺎت اﻟﻔﯿﺪﯾﻮ‬:‫• اﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬

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 (IS) ‫نظام املعلومات‬
INFORMATION SYSTEM (IS)
• Information system (IS) is a system that collects, processes, analyzes
and stores information.
• We use (IS) and computer information system(CIS) interchangeably
since all systems are heavily reliant on computers

.‫ ﻧﻈﺎم ﯾﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت وﯾﻌﺎﻟﺠﮭﺎ وﯾﺤﻠﻠﮭﺎ وﯾﺨﺰﻧﮭﺎ‬:‫( ھﻮ‬IS) ‫• ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬

‫( ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺒﺎدل ﻷن ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬CIS) ‫( وﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻜﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ‬IS) ‫• ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
(‫ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺟﮭﺰة اﻟﻜﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ‬

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 Parts of an Information System ‫اجزاء من نظام املعلومات‬

When we think about Computer, we think about one part of IS usually

the hardware or software.
.‫ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﯾﻜﻮن ھﻮ اﻷﺟﮭﺰة أو اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬IS ‫ ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﻔﻜﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺰء واﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ‬، ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﻔﻜﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ‬
There are five parts of any information system:
1. People
2. Procedures
3. Software
4. Hardware :‫ھﻨﺎك ﺧﻤﺴﺔ أﺟﺰاء ﻣﻦ أي ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬
5. Data ‫ اﻻﻓﺮاد‬-١
‫ اﺟﺮاءات‬-٢
‫ اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﯿﺎت‬-٣
‫ اﻟﻤﻌﺪات‬-٤
‫ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬-٥
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1.People ‫اﻻﻓﺮاد‬

• People are professionals or end users.

• Most important part of any system
• The Goal of (IS) is to make them more productive

.‫• اﻟﻨﺎس ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻓﻮن أو ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮن ﻧﮭﺎﺋﯿﻮن‬

.‫• أھﻢ ﺟﺰء ﻓﻲ أي ﻧﻈﺎم‬
.‫( ھﻮ ﺟﻌﻠﮭﺎ أﻛﺜﺮ إﻧﺘﺎﺟﯿﺔ‬IS) ‫• اﻟﮭﺪف ﻣﻦ‬

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2.Procedures ‫اﻻﺟﺮاءات‬

• Procedures are the set of rules or guidelines for people to follow when
using software, hardware and data
‫• اﻹﺟﺮاءات ھﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ أو اﻹرﺷﺎدات اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﺗﺒﺎﻋﮭﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
• Procedures usually are : .‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ واﻷﺟﮭﺰة واﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬
• Documented in manuals
• Written by professionals

:‫• اﻹﺟﺮاءات ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن‬

‫• ﻣﻮﺛﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﯿﺒﺎت‬
‫• ﻛﺘﺒﮭﺎ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻮن‬

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3.Software ‫ﺑﺮﻣﺠﯿﺎت‬

• Software is another name for programs

• Two major kinds of software
• System Software
• Application Software

‫اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﯿﺎت ھﻮ اﺳﻢ آﺧﺮ ﻟﻠﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬

: ‫ﻧﻮﻋﺎن رﺋﯿﺴﯿﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬
‫• ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬
‫• ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت‬

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 3.1 System Software ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬

• A collection of programs
• Includes Operating System software, Utilities, and Device Drivers
• Enables the application software to interact with the hardware, and
helps the computer manage its resources and run applications
• Operating systems Examples Windows 10 and Mac OS
More details in System software chapter…

‫• ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬
‫• ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ واﻷدوات اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة‬
‫وﺑﺮاﻣﺞ ﺗﺸﻐﯿﻞ اﻷﺟﮭﺰة‬
، ‫• ﺗﻤﻜﯿﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻷﺟﮭﺰة‬
‫وﯾﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﻜﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ إدارة ﻣﻮارده وﺗﺸﻐﯿﻞ‬
‫ و‬Windows 10 ‫اﻟﺘﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬
.Mac OS

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 ‫ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﯿﺎت‬
3.2 Application Software

• Software which is usually designed for end users

• Major categories
• Basic applications (General purpose)
• Specialized applications
• Apps
More details later…

‫• اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻤﺼﻤﻤﺔ ﻋﺎدة ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﯿﻦ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﯿﯿﻦ‬

‫• اﻟﻔﺌﺎت اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ‬
(‫• ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت أﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ )أﻏﺮاض ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫• ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬
‫• اﻟﺘﻄﺒﯿﻘﺎت‬

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‫‪4.Hardware‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪات‬

‫‪Hardware is the physical parts of the computer itself (or electronic‬‬

‫‪device), and all its equipment‬‬
‫‪Examples‬‬
‫‪• Supercomputer, Server,…, desktops, tablet, wearable,…etc.‬‬
‫‪• CPU‬‬ ‫ھﻲ اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﻤﺎدﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ )أو اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ( ‪ ،‬وﺟﻤﯿﻊ أﺟﮭﺰﺗﮫ ‪.‬‬
‫‪• Input / output devices‬‬ ‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬
‫• ﻛﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ ﻋﻤﻼق‬
‫‪• Storage devices‬‬ ‫• ﺧﺎدم‬
‫‪• Communication devices‬‬ ‫• أﺟﮭﺰة ﻛﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺐ‬
‫• ﺟﮭﺎز ﻟﻮﺣﻲ‬
‫• اﺟﮭﺰة ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ارﺗﺪاؤه ) ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎت وﻏﯿﺮھﺎ ( ‪ .. ،‬إﻟﺦ‬
‫• وﺣﺪة اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﯾﺔ‬
‫• أﺟﮭﺰة اﻹدﺧﺎل ‪ /‬اﻹﺧﺮاج‬
‫• أﺟﮭﺰة اﻟﺘﺨﺰﯾﻦ وأﺟﮭﺰة اﻻﺗﺼﺎل‬

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5.Data ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬

• Data are raw unprocessed facts that are used by programs to

produce useful information.
• Like programs, data are generally stored in machine-readable
form on disk or tape until the user needs them.
• Processed data becomes information
• Digital data is stored electronically in files.
.‫• اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت ھﻲ ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ أوﻟﯿﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﮭﺎ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ ﻹﻧﺘﺎج ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﻔﯿﺪة‬
‫ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﺰﯾﻦ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﻗﺮاءﺗﮫ آﻟﯿًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬، ‫• ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬
.‫ﻗﺮص أو ﺷﺮﯾﻂ ﺣﺘﻰ ﯾﺤﺘﺎﺟﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
‫• ﺗﺼﺒﺢ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬
.‫• ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﺰﯾﻦ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺮﻗﻤﯿﺔ إﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿًﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻠﻔﺎت‬

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 ‫‪5.Data‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ‪ :‬ﻏﯿﺪاء اﻟﻘﺤﻄﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫ھﻨﺎك أرﺑﻌﺔ أﻧﻮاع ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت )ﻣﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت(‪:‬‬

‫‪There are four common types of files (data files):‬‬
‫‪A. Document Files: are created by word processors to save‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪات‪ :‬ﯾﺘﻢ إﻧﺸﺎؤھﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎت اﻟﻨﺼﻮص ﻟﺤﻔﻆ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪات‪documents. .‬‬
‫‪B. Worksheet Files: are created by electronic spread sheets to‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﻔﺎت أوراق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ :‬ﯾﺘﻢ إﻧﺸﺎؤھﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺟﺪاول ‪analyze budgets and calculations.‬‬
‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﯿﺰاﻧﯿﺎت واﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﺎت‪.‬‬
‫‪C. Database Files: are created by database management‬‬
‫‪programs which are used to store data in organized form.‬‬
‫‪D. Presentation Files: are created by presentation graphics‬‬
‫‪programs to save presentation materials.‬‬
‫• ﻣﻠﻔﺎت ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‪ :‬ﯾﺘﻢ إﻧﺸﺎؤھﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ إدارة ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗُﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﺨﺰﯾﻦ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻢ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻣﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻌﺮوض اﻟﺘﻘﺪﯾﻤﯿﺔ‪ :‬ﯾﺘﻢ إﻧﺸﺎؤھﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ رﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻌﺮوض اﻟﺘﻘﺪﯾﻤﯿﺔ ﻟﺤﻔﻆ ﻣﻮاد اﻟﻌﺮوض اﻟﺘﻘﺪﯾﻤﯿﺔ‪.‬‬

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